EP0979899A1 - Corrosion-protected load-bearing element for an earth or rock anchor, a pressure pile or the like - Google Patents

Corrosion-protected load-bearing element for an earth or rock anchor, a pressure pile or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0979899A1
EP0979899A1 EP99114735A EP99114735A EP0979899A1 EP 0979899 A1 EP0979899 A1 EP 0979899A1 EP 99114735 A EP99114735 A EP 99114735A EP 99114735 A EP99114735 A EP 99114735A EP 0979899 A1 EP0979899 A1 EP 0979899A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
corrosion
support element
tube
element according
length
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Granted
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EP99114735A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0979899B1 (en
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WALTER-BAU AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
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Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/54—Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corrosion-protected support element for an earth or Rock anchors, a pressure pile or the like according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Structural elements reaching into the subsoil such as earth and rock anchors, which are essentially stressed by tensile forces, or pressure piles, which are stressed by compressive forces, are used to introduce loads, eg from structures, into deeper soil layers.
  • such structural members have at least one area over the course of their length in which the tensile or compressive forces acting therein are transmitted from the respective supporting member into the subsurface.
  • anchor length L V in the depth of the borehole this is followed by the area of the free steel length L F to the air side, in which the tension member is freely stretchable.
  • the support member is usually brought into direct contact in the area in question with a hardening material, for example cement mortar, which fills the borehole, which ensures the connection to the borehole wall and thus to the subsurface.
  • this piping as the first barrier, which is also the electrical Separation between the steel support element and the subsoil is guaranteed and thus the Verifiability of these corrosion protection measures using an electrical Resistance measurement enabled, is created by pressing with hardening Material, e.g. Cement mortar, inside and outside the piping alkaline environment as a second barrier against corrosion.
  • hardening Material e.g. Cement mortar
  • the effectiveness of this second barrier essentially depends on whether the support member over its entire length is embedded sufficiently deep in the cement mortar and whether the Crack distribution in the expanded cement mortar inside the casing is enough to protect the steel tension member from the alkaline environment guarantee.
  • the invention is based on the object Specify support element at which the required distance between the support member and coating to achieve adequate corrosion protection by a simple and quick measure is guaranteed.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to reduce the proportion of labor-intensive activities Reduce use of other components. A small one falls Additional expenditure in material costs compared to the savings on the Wages hardly mattered.
  • the reduction of wage-intensive activities is based on the use of a single, stable, profiled and perforated tube to comply with the prescribed distance between the support member and the casing.
  • This pipe forms, like the envelope itself, a cavity into which the support member can be inserted easily and quickly over its entire length.
  • the profiled and perforated tube can be inserted into the casing both with a support element that has already been inserted and that has to be inserted later happen.
  • An advantage that results from the use of such a tube is the fine one Crack distribution within the hardened cement mortar, which occurs during tensioning of the tension member. This is particularly important for strand anchors, their smooth strand surface allows a good bond effect only to a limited extent, so that cracks in the cement mortar with a relatively large distance and large Crack width, e.g. 0.2 mm. In contrast, in an inventive Anchor due to the fine ribbing of the tube according to the invention the crack spacing reduced and the crack width limited to 0.07 mm and less.
  • the invention offers a further advantage in the area of the free length of a support element.
  • it is necessary to form the joint between the casing and the grout as a sliding layer in the area of the free steel length L F.
  • this is done with the aid of a release film or an inner coating of the smooth casing.
  • the release film can be applied to the profiled and perforated tube in advance.
  • the tube according to the invention acts as a support element due to its inherent stability and extensive design.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the flat design of the profiled and perforated tube opposite the casing. With that is on compliance with the minimum distance at any point of the support member guaranteed. Sources of error, e.g. too large distances with star-shaped Spacers or between the individual turns of a PE cord, too Can no longer fall below the minimum concrete cover possible.
  • the profiled and perforated tube can only be in regularly interrupted partial lengths of sufficiently fine division on the Anchor tension member are applied.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous in connection with a stranded wire formed support member. So far, this consisted of fat strands in the area of Anchorage length had to be stripped and degreased individually in order to Obtain composite effect to grout. This work is one considerable cost factor in the production of a generic Supporting element.
  • the invention allows the use of naked Strands over the entire length of the support member, so that the above-mentioned work is eliminated.
  • the support element 1 comprises a support member 3 (Fig. 2a), the from steel rods or, as in the present example, from steel wire strands 4 can be composed.
  • the steel wire strands 4 extend over the entire length of the borehole 2 and are annular in the present case a compression hose 5 located in the longitudinal axis of the support member.
  • the support member 3 is surrounded over its entire length by a tubular sheath 6.
  • the covering 6 is formed from a smooth-walled PE tube 7, in the area of the anchoring length L V from a finned tube 8, which is also made of plastic.
  • the joint area between PE pipe 7 and finned pipe 8 is covered by a plastic sleeve 9, the cross section of which has heating wires 10. By applying electrical current to the heating wires, they are heated up strongly and thus lead to welding and shrinking of the sleeve 9 onto the two parts 7 and 8 of the sheathing 6.
  • the PE pipe 7 is through a recess in an anchor body 12 out through to an anchor plate 13.
  • the end of the support element 1 lying in the interior of the borehole 2 is closed with a cap 11, which connects tightly to the casing 6.
  • a cavity 14 which in essentially has the shape of an annular gap.
  • this cavity 14 sees one has a profiled and perforated tube 15 which the support member 3 over its entire length surrounds.
  • the detailed design of the tube 15 is among the 3 to 6 described in more detail.
  • the profiling in the form of ribs has high points 16 and low points 17 (FIGS. 3 and 4), the distance between which defines the minimum distance between support member 3 and casing 6.
  • a separating film 18 is also arranged between the profiled and perforated tube 15 and the casing 6 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2a).
  • both the casing 6 and the profiled and perforated tube 15 are formed by a finned tube. If the two finned tubes have the same fin spacing, one finned tube with its fins could come to lie in the low points of the other finned tube in an unfavorable position, as a result of which the minimum distance between the support member 3 and the casing 6 would be less.
  • finned tubes with different fin widths are used, or a finned tube with helically extending fins is combined with a finned tube with the same but opposite fins or a finned tube with annular fins.
  • both the cavity 14 and the cavity between the support element 1 and the wall of the borehole 2 are pressed with a hardening material, generally cement mortar.
  • a hardening material generally cement mortar.
  • the cement mortar is not shown in the drawing.
  • the support member 3 can be prestressed.
  • the finned tube 8 in the anchoring area is able, due to its profiling, to introduce forces into the subsurface. In the area of the free steel length L F , such a composite effect between the support member 3 and the substrate is undesirable.
  • the separating film 18 in this area enables relative displacements between the support member 3 and the base and thus prevents the introduction of force in this area.
  • both the cavity 14 'between tube 15 and support member 3 and the cavity 14' 'between the tube 15 and casing 6 is completely filled with cement mortar. Otherwise it is the second barrier as corrosion protection, namely the embedding of the support member 3 in cement mortar, not guaranteed.
  • the cement mortar starts from Compression hose 5 first in the cavity 14 'and penetrates due to it liquid consistency through openings in the tube 15 in the remaining cavity 14 ''.
  • the tube 15 consists of a finned tube with a circular cross section.
  • the Pipe material itself is relatively thin-walled and increases its inherent stability circular, coaxial ribs 20 folded.
  • the height of the ribs 20 that later corresponds to the minimum distance between support member 3 and casing 6, is determined by the distance between the high points 16 and the low points 17.
  • Axially parallel are distributed uniformly over the entire circumference of the tube 15 Longitudinal slots 21 milled into the tube 15, but only over part of the Ridges 20 are sufficient. In this way, in the lateral surface of the Tube 15 in the region of the high points 16 of the ribs 20 openings 22 are created, which allow the passage of the cement mortar when grouting. The one in Area of the low points 17 of the ribs 20 remaining web 23 ensures that Tube 15 still sufficient inherent stability in order to assemble the Support element 1 to remain intact.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Embodiment Another way to allow the passage of cement mortar from the cavity 14 'in to ensure the cavity 14 ′′, the one shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 Embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 you can see a partial cross section of a profiled and perforated tube 24.
  • the tube 24 corresponds basically to that under the 3 and 4 described embodiment except for the type and shape of Slits. Evenly distributed over the circumference and diametrically opposite are longitudinal slots 25 arranged in pairs, which over the entire height of the Ribs are enough, so cut the tube 24 completely.
  • the longitudinal slots 25 extend, for example, at a width of 1 cm over a length of 10 cm in the direction of the pipe longitudinal axis 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The member (1) is for a ground or rock anchor, driven pile or similar, having a supporting component (3) in one or more sections providing the rust-proofing and extending for the full length inside a tubular plastics casing (6). The space (14) formed between component and casing contains distance-pieces extending around the component, and is filled with hardening material. The member is inserted in a borehole (2), and the component can be secured to the ground for part at least of its length by filling the hole with hardening grout. For part at least of the member length the distance-pieces are formed by a profiled and perforated pipe (15). This can be ribbed and contain numerous lengthwise slots, whose depth is less than the distance between the rib crests and bases. The slots can pass right through the pipe wall, successive ones being offset from each other for a predetermined angle when seen in the axial direction of the pipe.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement für einen Erd- oder Felsanker, einen Druckpfahl oder dergleichen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a corrosion-protected support element for an earth or Rock anchors, a pressure pile or the like according to the preamble of Claim 1.

In den Untergrund hineinreichende Bauglieder, wie im wesentlichen durch Zugkräfte beanspruchte Erd- und Felsanker, oder durch Druckkräfte beanspruchte Druckpfähle, werden eingesetzt, um Lasten, z.B. aus Bauwerken, in tiefere Bodenschichten einzuleiten. Demzufolge weisen solche Bauglieder im Verlauf ihrer Länge zumindest einen Bereich auf, in dem die darin wirkenden Zug- oder Druckkräfte aus dem jeweiligen Tragglied in den Untergrund übertragen werden. Bei Zugankern ist dies in der Tiefe des Bohrloches die sogenannte Verankerungslänge LV; an diese schließt sich zur Luftseite hin der Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF an, in dem des Zugglied frei dehnbar ist. Bei Druckpfählen erfolgt die Übertragung der Druckkräfte praktisch entlang der gesamten Länge des Druckglieds. Zur Übertragung dieser Kräfte wird das Tragglied üblicherweise in dem betreffenden Bereich unmittelbar in Verbund mit einem das Bohrloch im übrigen ausfüllenden erhärtenden Material, z.B. Zementmörtel, gebracht, das die Verbindung zur Bohrlochwandung und somit zum Untergrund gewährleistet.Structural elements reaching into the subsoil, such as earth and rock anchors, which are essentially stressed by tensile forces, or pressure piles, which are stressed by compressive forces, are used to introduce loads, eg from structures, into deeper soil layers. Accordingly, such structural members have at least one area over the course of their length in which the tensile or compressive forces acting therein are transmitted from the respective supporting member into the subsurface. In the case of tie rods, this is the so-called anchor length L V in the depth of the borehole; this is followed by the area of the free steel length L F to the air side, in which the tension member is freely stretchable. In the case of pressure piles, the pressure forces are transmitted practically along the entire length of the pressure element. In order to transmit these forces, the support member is usually brought into direct contact in the area in question with a hardening material, for example cement mortar, which fills the borehole, which ensures the connection to the borehole wall and thus to the subsurface.

Bei Tragelementen dieser Art, die nicht nur temporär, wie z.B. zur vorübergehenden Sicherung einer Baugrubenumschließung, sondern auf Dauer eingesetzt werden, spielt der Korrosionsschutz eines aus Stahl bestehenden Tragglieds eine ausschlaggebende Rolle. Die Hauptursache der Korrosion von Traggliedern aus Stahl besteht im Zutritt von Wasser und darin gelöstem Sauerstoff an die Stahloberfläche sowie etwa auftretenden Streuströmen und in der Bildung von Makroelementen. Die wichtigste Korrosionsschutzmaßnahme besteht demzufolge in einer das Stahlglied auf seine gesamte Länge umschließenden korrosionssicheren Umhüllung in Form einer Verrohrung aus Kunststoff, die einen großen Diffusions- und elektrischen Durchgangswiderstand aufweist. Neben dieser Verrohrung als erste Barriere, die auch die elektrische Trennung zwischen Stahltragglied und Baugrund gewährleistet und damit die Überprüfbarkeit dieser Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen mittels einer elektrischen Widerstandsmessung ermöglicht, entsteht durch die Verpressung mit erhärtendem Material, z.B. Zementmörtel, innerhalb und außerhalb der Verrohrung ein alkalisches Milieu als zweite Barriere gegen Korrosion. Die Wirksamkeit dieser zweiten Barriere hängt im wesentlichen davon ab, ob das Tragglied über seine gesamte Länge ausreichend tief in den Zementmörtel eingebettet ist und ob die Rißverteilung im mitgedehnten Zementmörtel im Inneren der Umhüllung fein genug ist, um den Schutz des Stahlzugglieds durch das alkalische Milieu zu gewährleisten.With support elements of this type that are not only temporary, e.g. to temporary securing of a construction pit enclosure, but in the long run are used, the corrosion protection of an existing steel Supporting element plays a crucial role. The main cause of corrosion of Supporting members made of steel consist of water and dissolved water Oxygen to the steel surface and any stray currents and in the formation of macro elements. The most important corrosion protection measure therefore consists in one the steel link over its entire length enclosing corrosion-proof casing in the form of a piping Plastic, which has a large diffusion and electrical volume resistance having. In addition to this piping as the first barrier, which is also the electrical Separation between the steel support element and the subsoil is guaranteed and thus the Verifiability of these corrosion protection measures using an electrical Resistance measurement enabled, is created by pressing with hardening Material, e.g. Cement mortar, inside and outside the piping alkaline environment as a second barrier against corrosion. The effectiveness of this second barrier essentially depends on whether the support member over its entire length is embedded sufficiently deep in the cement mortar and whether the Crack distribution in the expanded cement mortar inside the casing is enough to protect the steel tension member from the alkaline environment guarantee.

Um die den baurechtlichen Vorschriften entsprechende Minimalüberdeckung von 5 mm einzuhalten, ist es bekannt, um das Tragglied wendelförmig eine PE-Schnur als Abstandhalter zu legen, die einen ihrem Durchmesser entsprechenden Abstand zur Umhüllung gewährleistet. Daneben sind in diesem Zusammenhang flache sternförmige Abstandhalter bekannt, die eine zentrale Öffnung aufweisen können, so daß sie beispielsweise auf einen zentral im Tragglied angeordneten Hüllschlauch aufschiebbar sind. In über den Umfang des Abstandhalters gleichmäßig verteilten Ausnehmungen können dann die Einzelelemente des Tragglieds eingerastet werden.In order to achieve the minimum coverage of 5 mm, it is known to helically form a PE cord around the support member to be placed as a spacer that corresponds to its diameter Distance to the casing guaranteed. Besides that are in this context flat star-shaped spacers known that have a central opening can, so that they are, for example, arranged centrally in the support member Envelope tube can be pushed on. In about the circumference of the spacer evenly distributed recesses can then the individual elements of the Support member are locked.

Diesen bekannten Abstandhaltern ist der Nachteil zu eigen, daß sie entweder umständlich um das Tragglied gewickelt oder einzeln auf das Tragglied aufgeschoben werden müssen, bevor es in die Umhüllung eingebracht wird. Diese Arbeit erfolgt von Hand und ist deswegen sehr zeitaufwendig, so daß dadurch beträchtliche Lohnkosten verursacht werden. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr, daß, wenn der Abstand der einzelnen Abstandhalter untereinander zu groß ist bzw. die einzelnen Windungen der PE-Schnur zu weit auseinanderliegen, das Tragglied zwischen zwei Abstandhaltern durchhängt und dabei der Minimalabstand zur Umhüllung unterschritten wird, so daß ein effektiver Korrosionsschutz in diesem Bereich nicht mehr gegeben ist. The disadvantage of these known spacers is that they either cumbersome wrapped around the support member or individually on the support member must be pushed on before it is inserted into the casing. This Work is done by hand and is therefore very time consuming, so that considerable labor costs are incurred. There is also a risk that if the distance between the individual spacers is too large or the individual turns of the PE cord are too far apart, the support member sags between two spacers and the minimum distance to Envelope is undershot, so that effective corrosion protection in this Area no longer exists.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Tragelement anzugeben, bei dem der erforderliche Abstand zwischen Tragglied und Umhüllung zur Erzielung eines ausreichenden Korrosionsschutzes durch eine einfache und schnelle Maßnahme gewährleistet ist.Against this background, the invention is based on the object Specify support element at which the required distance between the support member and coating to achieve adequate corrosion protection by a simple and quick measure is guaranteed.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird dies durch ein korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this is done with a corrosion-protected support element solved the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments result from the subclaims.

Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, den Anteil an lohnintensiven Tätigkeiten durch Verwendung anderer Bauelemente zu reduzieren. Dabei fällt ein geringer Mehraufwand bei den Materialkosten gegenüber den Einsparungen auf der Lohnseite kaum ins Gewicht.The basic idea of the invention is to reduce the proportion of labor-intensive activities Reduce use of other components. A small one falls Additional expenditure in material costs compared to the savings on the Wages hardly mattered.

Die Reduzierung lohnintensiver Tätigkeiten beruht auf der Verwendung eines einzigen, in sich stabilen, profilierten und perforierten Rohrs zur Einhaltung des vorgeschriebenen Abstands zwischen Tragglied und Umhüllung. Dieses Rohr bildet, wie auch die Umhüllung selbst, einen Hohlraum, in den das Tragglied einfach und schnell über seine gesamte Länge eingeführt werden kann. Das Einschieben des profilierten und perforierten Rohres in die Umhüllung kann sowohl mit bereits eingesetztem als auch nachträglich einzusetzendem Tragglied geschehen.The reduction of wage-intensive activities is based on the use of a single, stable, profiled and perforated tube to comply with the prescribed distance between the support member and the casing. This pipe forms, like the envelope itself, a cavity into which the support member can be inserted easily and quickly over its entire length. The The profiled and perforated tube can be inserted into the casing both with a support element that has already been inserted and that has to be inserted later happen.

Ein Vorteil, der sich aus dem Einsatz eines solchen Rohres ergibt, ist die feine Rißverteilung innerhalb des ausgehärteten Zementmörtels, die sich beim Spannen des Zugglieds einstellt. Dies ist vor allem bei Litzenankern von Bedeutung, deren glatte Litzenoberfläche eine gute Verbundwirkung nur bedingt zuläßt, so daß sich im Zementmörtel Risse mit verhältnismäßig großem Abstand und großer Rißbreite, z.B. 0,2 mm, einstellen. Dagegen wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Anker infolge der feinen Rippung des erfindungsgemäßen Rohres der Rißabstand verkleinert und die Rißbreite auf 0,07 mm und weniger beschränkt. An advantage that results from the use of such a tube is the fine one Crack distribution within the hardened cement mortar, which occurs during tensioning of the tension member. This is particularly important for strand anchors, their smooth strand surface allows a good bond effect only to a limited extent, so that cracks in the cement mortar with a relatively large distance and large Crack width, e.g. 0.2 mm. In contrast, in an inventive Anchor due to the fine ribbing of the tube according to the invention the crack spacing reduced and the crack width limited to 0.07 mm and less.

Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform besteht ein erfindungsgemäßes Rohr aus einem Ripprohr, das seit langem als ein im Handel erhältliches Serienprodukt bekannt ist. Durch dessen Verwendung können die Materialkosten äußerst gering gehalten werden.According to a special embodiment, there is a pipe according to the invention from a finned tube, which has long been a commercially available series product is known. By using it, the material costs can be extremely low being held.

Einen weiteren Vorteil bietet die Erfindung im Bereich der freien Länge eines Tragelements. Um die Ankerkraft vollständig in den Verankerungsbereich einzuleiten, ist es nötig, im Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF die Fuge zwischen Umhüllung und Verpreßmörtel als Gleitschicht auszubilden. Gemäß der Erfindung geschieht dies mit Hilfe einer Trennfolie oder einer Innenbeschichtung der glatten Umhüllung. Die Trennfolie kann vorab auf das profilierte und perforierte Rohr aufgebracht werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Rohr wirkt dabei infolge seiner Eigenstabilität und flächenhaften Ausbildung als Tragelement.The invention offers a further advantage in the area of the free length of a support element. In order to introduce the anchor force completely into the anchoring area, it is necessary to form the joint between the casing and the grout as a sliding layer in the area of the free steel length L F. According to the invention, this is done with the aid of a release film or an inner coating of the smooth casing. The release film can be applied to the profiled and perforated tube in advance. The tube according to the invention acts as a support element due to its inherent stability and extensive design.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung zeigt sich in der flächenhaften Ausgestaltung des profilierten und perforierten Rohrs gegenüber der Umhüllung. Damit ist an jeder beliebigen Stelle des Tragglieds die Einhaltung des Mindestabstands gewährleistet. Fehlerquellen, wie z.B. zu große Abstände bei sternförmigen Abstandhaltern oder zwischen den einzelnen Windungen einer PE-Schnur, die zu Unterschreitungen der Betonmindestüberdeckung führen können, sind nicht mehr möglich.Another advantage of the invention is the flat design of the profiled and perforated tube opposite the casing. With that is on compliance with the minimum distance at any point of the support member guaranteed. Sources of error, e.g. too large distances with star-shaped Spacers or between the individual turns of a PE cord, too Can no longer fall below the minimum concrete cover possible.

Um Material zu sparen, kann das profilierte und perforierte Rohr auch lediglich in regelmäßig unterbrochenen Teillängen ausreichend feiner Teilung auf das Ankerzugglied aufgebracht werden.In order to save material, the profiled and perforated tube can only be in regularly interrupted partial lengths of sufficiently fine division on the Anchor tension member are applied.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist die Erfindung in Verbindung mit einem aus Litzen gebildeten Tragglied. Dieses bestand bislang aus Fettlitzen, die im Bereich der Verankerungslänge einzeln abgemantelt und entfettet werden mußten, um eine Verbundwirkung zum Verpreßmörtel zu erhalten. Diese Arbeiten stellen einen erheblichen Kostenfaktor bei der Herstellung eines gattungsgemäßen Tragelements dar. Die Erfindung ermöglicht dagegen die Verwendung nackter Litzen über die gesamte Traggliedlänge, so daß oben genannte Arbeiten entfallen.The invention is particularly advantageous in connection with a stranded wire formed support member. So far, this consisted of fat strands in the area of Anchorage length had to be stripped and degreased individually in order to Obtain composite effect to grout. This work is one considerable cost factor in the production of a generic Supporting element. The invention, however, allows the use of naked Strands over the entire length of the support member, so that the above-mentioned work is eliminated.

Bei der Verwendung von Litzen als Tragglieder ergibt sich außerdem ein weiterer Vorteil. Während bisher die einzelnen Litzen entsprechend der Traggliedlänge abgelängt, dann gebündelt und mit der PE-Schnur umwickelt werden mußten, bevor das Bündel dann als Ganzes in die Umhüllung eingebracht worden ist, erlaubt das erfindungsgemäße Tragelement das maschinelle Einschießen der einzelnen Litzen direkt in das profilierte und perforierte Rohr, das zu diesem Zweck schon in der Umhüllung angeordnet sein kann. Dadurch wird zumindest eine Teilmechanisierung bei der Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Tragelemente möglich, die zu Arbeitserleichterungen und Kosteneinsparungen führt.When using strands as support members there is also another Advantage. While previously the individual strands corresponded to the length of the support member cut to length, then bundled and wrapped with the PE cord, before the bundle has been placed in the wrapper as a whole, allows the support element according to the invention the mechanical insertion of the individual strands directly into the profiled and perforated tube leading to this Purpose can already be arranged in the envelope. This will at least a partial mechanization in the manufacture of support elements according to the invention possible, which leads to easier work and cost savings.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement entlang der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Linie I-I,
Fig. 2a
einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement im Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF entlang der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Linie III-III,
Fig. 2b
einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement im Bereich der Verankerungslänge LV entlang der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Linie II-II,
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt durch ein profiliertes und perforiertes Rohr gemäß der Erfindung entlang der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Linie IV-IV,
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Rohres,
Fig. 5
einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines profilierten und perforierten Rohres gemäß der Erfindung und
Fig. 6
eine Abwicklung der Mantelfläche eines Abschnitts des in Fig. 5 dargestellten profilierten und perforierten Rohres.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
2 shows a longitudinal section through a support element according to the invention along line II shown in FIG. 2,
Fig. 2a
3 shows a cross section through a support element according to the invention in the region of the free steel length L F along the line III-III shown in FIG. 1,
Fig. 2b
3 shows a cross section through a support element according to the invention in the region of the anchoring length L V along the line II-II shown in FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
3 shows a cross section through a profiled and perforated tube according to the invention along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 4,
Fig. 4
3 shows a top view of the tube shown in FIG. 3,
Fig. 5
a cross section through a further embodiment of a profiled and perforated tube according to the invention and
Fig. 6
a development of the lateral surface of a portion of the profiled and perforated tube shown in Fig. 5.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 sieht man ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement 1, das in ein Bohrloch 2 eingesetzt ist. Das Tragelement 1 umfaßt ein Tragglied 3 (Fig. 2a), das aus Stahlstäben oder, wie im vorliegenden Beispiel, aus Stahldrahtlitzen 4 zusammengesetzt sein kann. Die Stahldrahtlitzen 4 erstrecken sich über die gesamte Länge des Bohrlochs 2 und sind im vorliegenden Fall ringförmig um einen in Traggliedlängsachse liegenden Verpreßschlauch 5 angeordnet.1 and 2 you can see a support element 1 according to the invention, which in a Hole 2 is used. The support element 1 comprises a support member 3 (Fig. 2a), the from steel rods or, as in the present example, from steel wire strands 4 can be composed. The steel wire strands 4 extend over the entire length of the borehole 2 and are annular in the present case a compression hose 5 located in the longitudinal axis of the support member.

Das Tragglied 3 ist über seine gesamte Länge von einer rohrförmigen Umhüllung 6 umgeben. Im Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF wird die Umhüllung 6 aus einem glattwandigen PE-Rohr 7 gebildet, im Bereich der Verankerungslänge LV aus einem Ripprohr 8, das ebenfalls aus Kunststoff besteht. Der Stoßbereich zwischen PE-Rohr 7 und Ripprohr 8 wird von einer Kunststoffmanschette 9 überdeckt, deren Querschnitt Heizdrähte 10 aufweist. Durch Beaufschlagen der Heizdrähte mit elektrischem Strom werden diese stark erhitzt und führen so zum Aufschweißen und Aufschrumpfen der Manschette 9 auf die beiden Teile 7 und 8 der Umhüllung 6. Im luftseitigen Bereich des Tragelements 1 ist das PE-Rohr 7 durch eine Ausnehmung in einem Ankerkörper 12 hindurch bis zu einer Ankerplatte 13 nach außen geführt. Das im Inneren des Bohrlochs 2 liegende Ende des Tragelements 1 ist mit einer Kappe 11 verschlossen, die dicht an die Umhüllung 6 anschließt.The support member 3 is surrounded over its entire length by a tubular sheath 6. In the area of the free steel length L F , the covering 6 is formed from a smooth-walled PE tube 7, in the area of the anchoring length L V from a finned tube 8, which is also made of plastic. The joint area between PE pipe 7 and finned pipe 8 is covered by a plastic sleeve 9, the cross section of which has heating wires 10. By applying electrical current to the heating wires, they are heated up strongly and thus lead to welding and shrinking of the sleeve 9 onto the two parts 7 and 8 of the sheathing 6. In the air-side area of the support element 1, the PE pipe 7 is through a recess in an anchor body 12 out through to an anchor plate 13. The end of the support element 1 lying in the interior of the borehole 2 is closed with a cap 11, which connects tightly to the casing 6.

Auf diese Weise ist das Tragglied 3 über seine gesamte im Bohrloch 2 liegende Länge infolge der elektrisch nichtleitenden Umhüllung 6 vollständig von der weiteren Umgebung abgekapselt, so daß dadurch eine erste Barriere gegen einen chemischen Angriff, vor allem Korrosion, entsteht.In this way, the support member 3 over its entire lying in the borehole 2 Length due to the electrically non-conductive sheath 6 completely from the encapsulated further surroundings, so that thereby a first barrier against one chemical attack, especially corrosion, arises.

Zwischen der Innenseite der Umhüllung 6 und dem Tragglied 3 ergibt sich aufgrund unterschiedlicher Querschnittsabmessungen ein Hohlraum 14, der im wesentlichen die Form eines Ringspalts aufweist. In diesem Hohlraum 14 sieht man ein profiliertes und perforiertes Rohr 15, das das Tragglied 3 über seine gesamte Länge umgibt. Die nähere Ausgestaltung des Rohrs 15 ist unter den Fig. 3 bis 6 näher beschrieben.Between the inside of the casing 6 and the support member 3 results due to different cross-sectional dimensions, a cavity 14 which in essentially has the shape of an annular gap. In this cavity 14 sees one has a profiled and perforated tube 15 which the support member 3 over its entire length surrounds. The detailed design of the tube 15 is among the 3 to 6 described in more detail.

Die Profilierung in Gestalt von Rippen weist Hochpunkte 16 und Tiefpunkte 17 auf (Fig. 3 und 4), deren Abstand den minimalen Abstand zwischen Tragglied 3 und Umhüllung 6 definiert. Im Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF ist zwischen dem profilierten und perforierten Rohr 15 und der Umhüllung 6 zudem eine Trennfolie 18 angeordnet (Fig. 1, Fig. 2a).The profiling in the form of ribs has high points 16 and low points 17 (FIGS. 3 and 4), the distance between which defines the minimum distance between support member 3 and casing 6. In the area of the free steel length L F , a separating film 18 is also arranged between the profiled and perforated tube 15 and the casing 6 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2a).

Im Bereich der Verankerungslänge LV werden sowohl die Umhüllung 6 als auch das profilierte und perforierte Rohr 15 durch ein Ripprohr gebildet. Weisen die beiden Ripprohre den gleichen Rippenabstand auf, so könnte bei ungünstiger Lage das eine Ripprohr mit seinen Rippen in den Tiefpunkten des anderen Ripprohrs zu liegen kommen, wodurch der Mindestabstand zwischen Tragglied 3 und Umhüllung 6 unterschritten wäre. Um dem vorzubeugen, werden gemäß der Erfindung Ripprohre mit unterschiedlicher Rippenbreite verwendet oder aber es wird ein Ripprohr mit wendelförmig verlaufenden Rippen mit einem Ripprohr mit gleichen, aber entgegengesetzt verlaufenden Rippen oder einem Ripprohr mit ringförmigen Rippen kombiniert.In the area of the anchoring length L V , both the casing 6 and the profiled and perforated tube 15 are formed by a finned tube. If the two finned tubes have the same fin spacing, one finned tube with its fins could come to lie in the low points of the other finned tube in an unfavorable position, as a result of which the minimum distance between the support member 3 and the casing 6 would be less. To prevent this, according to the invention, finned tubes with different fin widths are used, or a finned tube with helically extending fins is combined with a finned tube with the same but opposite fins or a finned tube with annular fins.

Dieses Problem stellt sich nicht, wenn die Umhüllung 6 durchgehend aus einem glattwandigen PE-Rohr besteht. In diesem Falle kann die Verbundwirkung zum Untergrund, wie z.B. in der EP 0 585 537 beschrieben, hergestellt werden, so daß ein mit der Lehre des EP 0 585 537 kombiniertes erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement 1 einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung entspricht.This problem does not arise if the sheath 6 consistently from one smooth-walled PE pipe. In this case, the composite effect can Underground, e.g. described in EP 0 585 537, so that one according to the invention combined with the teaching of EP 0 585 537 Support element 1 of a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention corresponds.

Nachdem ein erfindungsgemäßes Tragelement 1 in ein Bohrloch 2 eingebracht ist, wird sowohl der Hohlraum 14 als auch der Hohlraum zwischen Tragelement 1 und der Wandung des Bohrlochs 2 mit einem erhärtenden Material, in aller Regel Zementmörtel, verpreßt. Der besseren Übersichtlichkeit ist der Zementmörtel in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. Nach Aushärten des Zementmörtels kann das Tragglied 3 vorgespannt werden. Das Ripprohr 8 im Verankerungsbereich ist dabei infolge seiner Profilierung in der Lage, Kräfte in den Untergrund einzuleiten. Im Bereich der freien Stahllänge LF ist eine solche Verbundwirkung zwischen Tragglied 3 und Untergrund unerwünscht. Die Trennfolie 18 in diesem Bereich ermöglicht Relativverschiebungen zwischen Tragglied 3 und Untergrund und verhindert so eine Krafteinleitung in diesem Bereich. Nach dem Spannen der Stahldrahtlitzen 4 werden deren luftseitige Enden mit Hilfe von Ankerkeilen 19 in einer Ankerplatte 13 verankert, die sich gegen den Ankerkörper 12 abstützt.After a support element 1 according to the invention has been introduced into a borehole 2, both the cavity 14 and the cavity between the support element 1 and the wall of the borehole 2 are pressed with a hardening material, generally cement mortar. For better clarity, the cement mortar is not shown in the drawing. After the cement mortar has hardened, the support member 3 can be prestressed. The finned tube 8 in the anchoring area is able, due to its profiling, to introduce forces into the subsurface. In the area of the free steel length L F , such a composite effect between the support member 3 and the substrate is undesirable. The separating film 18 in this area enables relative displacements between the support member 3 and the base and thus prevents the introduction of force in this area. After tensioning the steel wire strands 4, their air-side ends are anchored with the aid of anchor wedges 19 in an anchor plate 13 which is supported against the anchor body 12.

Beim Verpressen des Hohlraums 14 ist dafür zu sorgen, daß sowohl der Hohlraum 14' zwischen Rohr 15 und Tragglied 3 als auch der Hohlraum 14'' zwischen Rohr 15 und Umhüllung 6 vollständig mit Zementmörtel ausgefüllt wird. Andernfalls ist die zweite Barriere als Korrosionsschutz, nämlich die Einbettung des Tragglieds 3 in Zementmörtel, nicht gewährleistet. Der Zementmörtel gelangt ausgehend vom Verpreßschlauch 5 zunächst in den Hohlraum 14' und dringt aufgrund seiner flüssigen Konsistenz durch Öffnungen im Rohr 15 in den restlichen Hohlraum 14''.When compressing the cavity 14, care must be taken that both the cavity 14 'between tube 15 and support member 3 and the cavity 14' 'between the tube 15 and casing 6 is completely filled with cement mortar. Otherwise it is the second barrier as corrosion protection, namely the embedding of the support member 3 in cement mortar, not guaranteed. The cement mortar starts from Compression hose 5 first in the cavity 14 'and penetrates due to it liquid consistency through openings in the tube 15 in the remaining cavity 14 ''.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist ein profiliertes und perforiertes Rohr 15 dargestellt, das dem Zementmörtel einen weitgehend widerstandsfreien Durchlaß vom Hohlraum 14' in den Hohlraum 14'' gestattet.3 and 4, a profiled and perforated tube 15 is shown, the Cement mortar a largely resistance-free passage from the cavity 14 'in the cavity 14 '' allowed.

Das Rohr 15 besteht aus einem Ripprohr mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt. Das Rohrmaterial selbst ist relativ dünnwandig und zur Erhöhung der Eigenstabilität zu kreisringförmigen, koaxialen Rippen 20 gefaltet. Die Höhe der Rippen 20, die später dem minimalen Abstand zwischen Tragglied 3 und Umhüllung 6 entspricht, wird durch den Abstand der Hochpunkte 16 zu den Tiefpunkten 17 bestimmt.The tube 15 consists of a finned tube with a circular cross section. The Pipe material itself is relatively thin-walled and increases its inherent stability circular, coaxial ribs 20 folded. The height of the ribs 20 that later corresponds to the minimum distance between support member 3 and casing 6, is determined by the distance between the high points 16 and the low points 17.

Gleichmäßig über den gesamten Umfang des Rohrs 15 verteilt sind achsparallele Längsschlitze 21 in das Rohr 15 gefräst, die allerdings nur über einen Teil der Höhe der Rippen 20 reichen. Auf diese Weise werden in der Mantelfläche des Rohrs 15 im Bereich der Hochpunkte 16 der Rippen 20 Öffnungen 22 geschaffen, die den Durchlaß des Zementmörtels beim Verpressen ermöglichen. Der im Bereich der Tiefpunkte 17 der Rippen 20 verbleibende Steg 23 gewährleistet dem Rohr 15 noch ausreichende Eigenstabilität, um bei dem Zusammenbau des Tragelements 1 unversehrt zu bleiben.Axially parallel are distributed uniformly over the entire circumference of the tube 15 Longitudinal slots 21 milled into the tube 15, but only over part of the Ridges 20 are sufficient. In this way, in the lateral surface of the Tube 15 in the region of the high points 16 of the ribs 20 openings 22 are created, which allow the passage of the cement mortar when grouting. The one in Area of the low points 17 of the ribs 20 remaining web 23 ensures that Tube 15 still sufficient inherent stability in order to assemble the Support element 1 to remain intact.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, den Durchlaß von Zementmörtel vom Hohlraum 14' in den Hohlraum 14'' zu gewährleisten, stellt die in den Fig. 5 und 6 gezeigte Ausführungsform dar. In Fig. 5 sieht man einen Teilquerschnitt eines profilierten und perforierten Rohres 24. Das Rohr 24 entspricht im Grunde der unter den Fig. 3 und 4 beschriebenen Ausführungsform mit Ausnahme der Art und Form der Schlitze. Gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt und diametral gegenüberliegend sind Längsschlitze 25 paarweise angeordnet, die über die gesamte Höhe der Rippen reichen, das Rohr 24 also vollständig durchtrennen.Another way to allow the passage of cement mortar from the cavity 14 'in to ensure the cavity 14 ″, the one shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 Embodiment. In Fig. 5 you can see a partial cross section of a profiled and perforated tube 24. The tube 24 corresponds basically to that under the 3 and 4 described embodiment except for the type and shape of Slits. Evenly distributed over the circumference and diametrically opposite are longitudinal slots 25 arranged in pairs, which over the entire height of the Ribs are enough, so cut the tube 24 completely.

Fig. 6 zeigt schließlich die Abwicklung der Mantelfläche eines Abschnitts der Länge L des Rohres 24. Die Längsschlitze 25 erstrecken sich beispielsweise bei einer Breite von 1 cm über eine Länge von 10 cm in Richtung der Rohrlängsachse 26. Dabei ist ein in Richtung der Längsachse 26 nachfolgendes Paar von Längsschlitzen 25' jeweils um eine Vierteldrehung versetzt angeordnet, so daß das Rohr 24 eine möglichst geringe Schwächung infolge der Längsschlitze 25 und 25' erfährt.6 finally shows the development of the lateral surface of a section of the Length L of the tube 24. The longitudinal slots 25 extend, for example, at a width of 1 cm over a length of 10 cm in the direction of the pipe longitudinal axis 26. Here is a pair of following in the direction of the longitudinal axis 26 Longitudinal slots 25 'each offset by a quarter turn, so that the tube 24 is as weak as possible due to the longitudinal slots 25 and 25 'experiences.

Claims (10)

Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement (1) für einen Erd- oder Felsanker, einen Druckpfahl oder dergleichen mit einem aus einem oder mehreren Einzelelementen bestehenden Tragglied (3), das zum Korrosionsschutz über seine gesamte Länge innerhalb einer rohrförmigen Umhüllung (6) aus Kunststoff angeordnet ist, wobei zwischen Tragglied (3) und Umhüllung (6) ein Hohlraum (14) gebildet wird, in dem Abstandhalter um das Tragglied (3) geführt sind und wobei der Hohlraum (14) von einem erhärtenden Material ausgefüllt ist, wobei das Tragelement (1) in ein Bohrloch (2) eingesetzt und das Tragglied (3) über einen sich über zumindest einen Teil seiner Länge erstreckenden Kraftübertragungsbereich durch Ausfüllen des Bohrlochs (2) mit erhärtendem Material in kraftübertragende Verbindung mit dem Untergrund gebracht werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest über einen Teil der Länge des Tragelements (1) oder mehrere mit Abstand aufeinanderfolgende Teile die Abstandhalter von einem profilierten und perforierten Rohr (15) gebildet werden.Corrosion-protected support element (1) for an earth or rock anchor, one Pressure pile or the like with one of one or more Individual elements existing support member (3) that for corrosion protection its entire length within a tubular envelope (6) Plastic is arranged, one between the support member (3) and the casing (6) Cavity (14) is formed in the spacer around the support member (3) are guided and wherein the cavity (14) of a hardening material is filled, the support element (1) inserted into a borehole (2) and the Support member (3) over at least part of its length extending power transmission area by filling the borehole (2) with hardening material in force-transmitting connection with the substrate can be brought, characterized in that at least one Part of the length of the support element (1) or more at a distance successive parts the spacers of a profiled and perforated tube (15) are formed. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das profilierte und perforierte Rohr aus einem mit mehreren Längsschlitzen (21) versehenen Ripprohr (15) besteht, wobei die Längsschlitze (21) in ihrer Tiefe geringer sind als der Abstand zwischen Rippenhochpunkt (16) und Rippentiefpunkt (17).Corrosion-protected support element according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the profiled and perforated tube from a several longitudinal slots (21) provided finned tube (15), the The depth of longitudinal slots (21) is less than the distance between Rib high point (16) and rib low point (17). Korrosionsgeschützes Tragelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das profilierte und perforierte Rohr (24) Längsschlitze (25) begrenzter Länge aufweist, die die Wandung des Rohres (24) vollständig durchtrennen, wobei die in Richtung der Längsachse (26) des Rohres (24) nachfolgenden Längsschlitze (25') um ein betimmtes Winkelmaß versetzt angeordnet sind. Corrosion-protected support element according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the profiled and perforated tube (24) has longitudinal slots (25) of limited length, the wall of the tube (24) completely cut through, in the direction of the longitudinal axis (26) of the tube (24) subsequent longitudinal slots (25 ') offset by a certain angle are arranged. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Längsschlitze (25, 25') eine Länge von weniger als 20 cm, vorzugsweise 10 cm, aufweisen und ein nachfolgender Längsschlitz (25') in der Ebene der Winkelhalbierenden zwischen zwei Längsschlitzen (25) angeordnet ist.Corrosion-protected support element according to claim 3, characterized characterized in that the longitudinal slots (25, 25 ') have a length of less than Have 20 cm, preferably 10 cm, and a subsequent longitudinal slot (25 ') in the plane of the bisector between two longitudinal slots (25) is arranged. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über den Umfang des Ripprohres (15, 24) gleichmäßig verteilt mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise vier oder sechs Längsschlitze (21, 25, 25') angeordnet sind.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that over the circumference of the finned tube (15, 24) evenly distributed at least two, preferably four or six Longitudinal slots (21, 25, 25 ') are arranged. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite der Längsschlitze (21, 25, 25') mindestens 4 mm beträgt.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the width of the longitudinal slots (21, 25, 25 ') is at least 4 mm. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand der Rippen (20) des profilierten und perforierten Rohres (15, 24) zwischen 6 und 15 mm liegt.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the spacing of the ribs (20) of the profiled and perforated tube (15, 24) is between 6 and 15 mm. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (20) im Querschnitt rund, rechteckig, trapezförmig oder spitz zulaufend ausgebildet sind.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the ribs (20) are round, rectangular in cross section, are trapezoidal or tapered. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das profilierte und perforierte Rohr (15, 24) wenigstens über einen Teil seiner Länge von einer Trennfolie (18) umgeben ist.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the profiled and perforated tube (15, 24) At least part of its length is surrounded by a separating film (18) is. Korrosionsgeschütztes Tragelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tragglied (3) aus einer oder mehreren nackten Litzen (4) besteht.Corrosion-protected support element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the support member (3) consists of one or more bare strands (4).
EP99114735A 1998-08-12 1999-07-28 Corrosion-protected load-bearing element for an earth or rock anchor, a compression pile or the like Expired - Lifetime EP0979899B1 (en)

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DE29814460U 1998-08-12
DE29814460U DE29814460U1 (en) 1998-08-12 1998-08-12 Corrosion-protected support element for an earth or rock anchor, a pressure pile or the like.

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EP0979899B1 EP0979899B1 (en) 2003-06-18

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CN110144904A (en) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-20 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 It is a kind of to face upward inclined discharge structure and its construction method with anchoring function certainly

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DE59905981D1 (en) 2003-07-24
EP0979899B1 (en) 2003-06-18
ATE243286T1 (en) 2003-07-15

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