EP0977608A1 - Dispositif de respiration automatisee par pression positive expiratoire - Google Patents

Dispositif de respiration automatisee par pression positive expiratoire

Info

Publication number
EP0977608A1
EP0977608A1 EP98928216A EP98928216A EP0977608A1 EP 0977608 A1 EP0977608 A1 EP 0977608A1 EP 98928216 A EP98928216 A EP 98928216A EP 98928216 A EP98928216 A EP 98928216A EP 0977608 A1 EP0977608 A1 EP 0977608A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air pressure
gas flow
respiratory gas
positive air
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98928216A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Madaus
Harald VÖGELE
Jutta Griebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAP Medizintechnik fuer Arzt und Patient GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
MAP Medizintechnik fuer Arzt und Patient GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAP Medizintechnik fuer Arzt und Patient GmbH and Co KG filed Critical MAP Medizintechnik fuer Arzt und Patient GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0977608A1 publication Critical patent/EP0977608A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
    • A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
    • A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for automated ventilation, for example in CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) therapy and in biPAP (biphase positive airway pressure) therapy.
  • CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
  • biPAP biphase positive airway pressure
  • CPAP therapy positive air pressure is continuously exerted on the respiratory tract, whereby pneumatic splinting of the upper respiratory tract is achieved and obstructive airway disturbance (sleep apnea respiratory arrest during sleep) should be avoided.
  • biPAP therapy pressure is applied intermittently. The pressure level is individually tailored to the patient in both procedures.
  • the positive airway pressure is applied either continuously (continuously positive airway pressure: CPAP) or intermittently (biphasic positive airway pressure: bi-PAP) via a nasal or nasal-mouth mask.
  • CPAP continuously positive airway pressure
  • bi-PAP biphasic positive airway pressure
  • the required effective CPAP pressure for example with a CPAP ventilator, is not a constant variable, but changes depending on the body position, the sleep phase and changes in body weight or the consumption of alcohol or medication.
  • the effective ventilation pressure is therefore dependent on various factors.
  • Known so far CPAP devices are unable to modify the effective ventilation pressure depending on these factors. For example, it is known that most patients require a higher effective ventilation pressure in the supine position than in the lateral position. The reason for this is that the critical collapse pressure and airway resistance change depending on the above factors.
  • the known CPAP devices are unable to measure airway resistance and collapsibility.
  • the effective ventilation pressure is usually set higher than necessary. The effective pressure is set in such a way that there is no breathing disturbance in the reserve. However, if the patient sleeps on his side all the time, this means that the patient is set to excessive ventilation pressure throughout the night.
  • the disadvantage in the prior art is that individual changes in a patient's breathing, e.g. caused by snoring, body position changes, sleep phase changes, alcohol consumption or health disorders during therapy cannot be taken into account.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved device for automated ventilation.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea of continuously measuring the respiratory gas flow in the device during ventilation and carrying out an examination for an obstructive airway disorder.
  • the invention can therefore essentially fulfill two purposes: firstly, an automation of the CPAP or biPAP setting and, secondly, an automatic adaptation of the effective CPAP or BiPAP pressure to individual changes respiratory mechanics, for example, caused by changes in body position during sleep.
  • the initially set ventilation pressure is modified as a function of the measured respiratory gas flow by the invention.
  • the threshold for normal respiratory gas flow is also set by the doctor. Both values are entered into the device. On the basis of both values (P n and respiratory gas flow threshold value), the invention can automatically change the nasal ventilation pressure to such an extent that the patient no longer exhibits respiratory disorders and has a normal respiratory flow.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the respiratory gas flow and the airway obstruction ( p crif airway resistance, flow limitation) are measured continuously and the positive air pressure is modified accordingly. This makes it possible for the patient to be treated with a lower ventilation pressure, for example during home ventilation. Another advantage is that, for example, an effective ventilation pressure is guaranteed at all times during home ventilation, with a normal respiratory flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows an algorithm for the automatic setting of the effective positive air pressure
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram which shows the method of measuring the collability of the respiratory gas flow as a function of the lowering of the positive air pressure (measurement of the respiratory flow as a function of the lowering of the positive air pressure)
  • 4 shows a diagram for determining the critical collapse pressure P cr it from the maximum values of the respiratory gas flow curve or the integrals of the respiratory gas flow curve at different positive air pressure
  • Fig. 5 shows the device according to the invention in use in a patient.
  • the device 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention.
  • the device 1 has a pressure setting device 5, which regulates a ventilation pressure P to a pressure P n , so that a positive air pressure is constantly exerted on the upper respiratory tract of a patient via a ventilation mask 6.
  • a device 2 is provided which measures the patient's breathing gas flow.
  • the device 1 also contains a device 3 for determining an obstructive airway disorder.
  • the measured values of the devices 2 and 3 are fed to an evaluation device 4 which determines whether there is normal breathing A, an obstructive airway disorder B, a non-obstructive airway disorder C or snoring D.
  • the diagnostic results A to D are supplied to the pressure setting device 5 as a signal.
  • Figure 2 shows an algorithm for setting or adjusting the positive air pressure.
  • the combination of measurement of respiratory gas flow and upper airway obstruction (0A0) enables the detection of normal breathing (A) or the detection of obstructive sleep-related breathing disorders (B) or the detection of non-obstructive breathing disorders.
  • connection B If, in case B, after the air pressure has risen to k + n, there is no elimination of the obstructive breathing disorder, the connection B 'provides a feedback to device 2 to check whether there is a technical defect.
  • Snoring (D) is a special case that can be associated with normal respiratory flow. Because snoring is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, many doctors recommend that snoring should be eliminated by increasing CPAP pressure alone. This is solved by connection D 1 . D 'is initiated if snoring is observed for a longer period of time, then the nasal ventilation pressure can be increased until the airway obstruction no longer occurs. The invention can thus differentiate between obstructive and non-obstructive breathing disorders.
  • central respiratory disorders occur in obstructive sleep apnea when there are diseases of the respiratory muscle apparatus (respiratory pump), such as with restrictive and obstructive pulmonary diseases or when there are disorders of the respiratory drive, for example in REM sleep, obesity, neuromuscular diseases or cardiac diseases.
  • CPAP therapy alone is not sufficient for these diseases, biPAP therapy must be used.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the CPAP mode can be automatically switched to the biPAP mode and the patient can thus be adequately ventilated depending on the ventilation of the lungs (tidal volumes and gas flow).
  • the previously known CPAP / biPAP devices are not able to carry out an automatic switchover.
  • the invention enables the ventilation pressures to be automatically adapted to the different conditions for the development of sleep-related breathing disorders. In this way, firstly, the safety of home ventilation can be improved, secondly, the ventilation pressures as a whole can be set lower than in the previous therapy and thirdly, side effects of the previous ventilation therapy can be reduced.
  • the upper airway obstruction in device 3 is measured on the principle of measuring the collapsibility of the upper airway.
  • the measurement of the collapsibility and the critical collapse pressure is carried out according to the principle as published in Chest Vol. 110 pages 1077 to 1088 October 1996.
  • the principle of measuring collapsibility is that, in a very specific algorithm, the nasal ventilation pressure is reduced without disturbing sleep.
  • the respiratory flow is measured at different pressure levels and entered in a flow pressure diagram.
  • the airway resistance of the upper airway can be measured and the so-called critical collapse pressure ( p cr i ⁇ can be determined.
  • the principle of measurement and evaluation is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • 3 shows the influence of different positive air pressure on the respiratory gas flow V to and from the patient.
  • 3 shows a normal, undisturbed respiratory gas flow Ia at a positive air pressure of 15 millibars (1A). If the air pressure is reduced to 12 millibars (IB) during the time from t ⁇ to t 2 (for example during about 3 breaths), the amplitude of the respiratory gas flow Ib is reduced in this time interval. The further reduction in pressure to 10 millibars (IC) further reduces the breathing amplitude to the breathing gas flow in lc. After the positive air pressure has dropped to 8 millibars (1D), the critical air pressure is enough.
  • Fig. 4 shows a diagram from which the critical pressure P cr ⁇ t can be determined.
  • a measured line of respiratory gas flow curves in a program for determining the critical pressure P it according to FIG. 3 is used to create a straight line which is at the smallest distance from the measured values and which compensates for the natural scatter of the measured values.
  • the measurement points are determined during the therapy from breathing gas flow curves in which Vm - a, v x is different from zero.
  • the critical collapse pressure and the airway resistance of the patient in the loop can thus be determined automatically.
  • the integrals of the respiratory gas flow can be determined during the time from t ⁇ to t 2 and entered as measuring points in the diagram.
  • a straight line drawn through it also leads to the critical pressure P crj _t • at the intersection with the abscissa
  • the Atemgasflußsignal generated in the device 2 via the breathing mask 6 V 4a is passed to a computer which calculates the critical pressure crj _ t and the airway resistance and the target value of the positive air pressure P s in the device 5 so controls that it is either retained or changed accordingly.
  • the measurement of the respiratory gas flow with pressure reduction takes place in time intervals individually adjusted to the patient.
  • the effective CPAP pressure ⁇ effective ⁇ - st ⁇ er pressure, at which there is normal respiratory gas flow and an increase in pressure does not lead to an increase in the respiratory gas flow.
  • An obstructive airway disorder can also be determined by determining the respiratory flow resistance or the respiratory flow limitation.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un système (1) de respiration automatisée par pression positive expiratoire. Le dispositif (1) comporte un appareillage (2) qui mesure le flux du mélange respiratoire et le compare avec une valeur seuil. Par ailleurs, un appareillage (3) est prévu pour déceler des troubles respiratoires obstructifs. Un dispositif d'évaluation (4) évalue les résultats des mesures et détermine si l'on est en présence d'une respiration normale, d'un trouble respiratoire obstructif ou d'un trouble respiratoire non obstructif. En fonction des résultats du système d'évaluation (4), la pression positive expiratoire est soit maintenue soit modifiée. L'avantage de l'invention réside dans le fait que le flux du mélange respiratoire ainsi que l'obstruction des voies respiratoires sont constamment mesurés et que la pression positive expiratoire peut être adaptée à divers états du patient, pris individuellement.
EP98928216A 1997-04-23 1998-04-22 Dispositif de respiration automatisee par pression positive expiratoire Ceased EP0977608A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19717106 1997-04-23
DE19717106A DE19717106A1 (de) 1997-04-23 1997-04-23 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur automatisierten Beatmung in der CPAP-Therapie
PCT/EP1998/002381 WO1998047554A1 (fr) 1997-04-23 1998-04-22 Dispositif de respiration automatisee par pression positive expiratoire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0977608A1 true EP0977608A1 (fr) 2000-02-09

Family

ID=7827472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98928216A Ceased EP0977608A1 (fr) 1997-04-23 1998-04-22 Dispositif de respiration automatisee par pression positive expiratoire

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6530372B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0977608A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001521428A (fr)
AU (1) AU741486B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2287335A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19717106A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998047554A1 (fr)

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AUPP366398A0 (en) 1998-05-22 1998-06-18 Resmed Limited Ventilatory assistance for treatment of cardiac failure and cheyne-stokes breathing
DE19849571B4 (de) * 1998-10-27 2004-12-02 Map Medizin-Technologie Gmbh Beatmungsgerät zur Zufuhr eines Atemgases zu einem Patienten unter einem auf den Patienten abgestimmten Behandlungsdruck
DE10014427A1 (de) * 2000-03-24 2001-10-04 Weinmann G Geraete Med Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes sowie Vorrichtung zur Überwachung
DE10103810A1 (de) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-01 Map Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Zufuhr eines Atemgases
DE10118968B4 (de) * 2001-04-18 2007-03-01 The Scientific Consulting Group Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern des Solldrucks eines Geräts zur Durchführung der CPAP-Therapie sowie ein Gerät zur Durchführung der CPAP-Therapie
DE10226783A1 (de) * 2002-06-15 2004-01-08 Gottlieb Weinmann Geräte für Medizin und Arbeitsschutz GmbH & Co. Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Beatmungsgerätes sowie Vorrichtung zur Beatmung mit Steuerung
DE10248590B4 (de) * 2002-10-17 2016-10-27 Resmed R&D Germany Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer signalverarbeitenden Betrachtung eines mit der Atmungstätigkeit einer Person im Zusammenhang stehenden Messsignales
US7661426B2 (en) * 2002-11-19 2010-02-16 Michael Lauk Method for controlling the pressure supplied by a CPAP device, CPAP device and storage medium
US8020555B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2011-09-20 New York University System and method for improved treatment of sleeping disorders using therapeutic positive airway pressure
US7114497B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-10-03 Acoba, Llc Method and system of individually controlling airway pressure of a patient's nares
US20060005834A1 (en) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Acoba, Llc Method and system of providing therapeutic gas to a patient to prevent breathing airway collapse
US20060096596A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Occhialini James M Wearable system for positive airway pressure therapy
US20060174885A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-10 Acoba, Llc Method and related system to control applied pressure in CPAP systems
EP1850898B1 (fr) * 2005-02-10 2021-03-10 Löwenstein Medical Technology S.A. Dispositif de ventilation
US8251876B2 (en) 2008-04-22 2012-08-28 Hill-Rom Services, Inc. Breathing exercise apparatus
EP2181726B1 (fr) 2008-10-31 2017-04-19 ResMed Ltd. Système de guidage de transitions entre des modes de thérapie associés au traitement et/ou diagnostic des troubles respiratoires du sommeil
EP2453966B1 (fr) 2009-07-14 2019-03-20 ResMed Ltd. Automatisation d'installation pour appareil de traitement respiratoire
US8776792B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-07-15 Covidien Lp Methods and systems for volume-targeted minimum pressure-control ventilation
US9180271B2 (en) 2012-03-05 2015-11-10 Hill-Rom Services Pte. Ltd. Respiratory therapy device having standard and oscillatory PEP with nebulizer
US20130239961A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Smartmed Usa Inc. Apparatus, computer program, method and system for portable breathing assistance
CN111603643B (zh) 2015-04-02 2023-05-23 希尔－罗姆服务私人有限公司 呼吸装置的压力控制

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8014898A (en) 1998-11-13
US6530372B1 (en) 2003-03-11
WO1998047554A1 (fr) 1998-10-29
AU741486B2 (en) 2001-11-29
DE19880497D2 (de) 2001-04-12
DE19880497B4 (de) 2017-03-30
CA2287335A1 (fr) 1998-10-29
DE19717106A1 (de) 1998-10-29
JP2001521428A (ja) 2001-11-06

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