EP0976173A1 - Mikrowellen-reflektorantenne - Google Patents
Mikrowellen-reflektorantenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP0976173A1 EP0976173A1 EP99907317A EP99907317A EP0976173A1 EP 0976173 A1 EP0976173 A1 EP 0976173A1 EP 99907317 A EP99907317 A EP 99907317A EP 99907317 A EP99907317 A EP 99907317A EP 0976173 A1 EP0976173 A1 EP 0976173A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- antenna according
- microwaves
- reflector antenna
- approximately
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/22—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures functioning also as polarisation filter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
- H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reflector antenna for polarized microwaves with a primary radiator, a subreflector that is permeable to microwaves of a desired polarization and a main reflector for bundled reflection of the microwaves with a polarization rotated in the desired direction
- a reflector antenna for polarized microwaves with a primary radiator a subreflector that is permeable to microwaves of a desired polarization and a main reflector for bundled reflection of the microwaves with a polarization rotated in the desired direction
- FIG. 6 An embodiment of the known antenna is shown in FIG. 6. With the primary radiator 1 arranged in the area of the main reflector 3 and directed towards the sub-reflector 2, a spherically propagating microwave with a certain polarization is generated. The subreflector 2 - 2 -
- the bundling takes place in that the main reflector 3 has a metallic reflector with a parabolic shape for converting the spherical wave into a plane wave.
- the bundling according to WO 95/18980 can also be carried out with a microwave lens which is arranged in front of or behind the subreflector 2.
- microwave antennas of this type have several disadvantages. If a parabolic reflector is used for bundling, there is a difficulty in adapting the twist reflector to the parabolic shape without impairing the rotation of the polarization direction or the properties of the parabolic reflector. The mechanical production of such an antenna must therefore meet special requirements with regard to accuracy and the permissible tolerances, which leads to considerable cost disadvantages.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a microwave antenna for polarized microwaves, in which the outlay for mechanical production is substantially less, without having to accept significant restrictions with regard to the directional characteristic.
- a reflector antenna of the type mentioned which is characterized in that the main reflector is formed from a plurality of dipoles lying in one plane with mutually parallel axes, which form an angle of approximately 45 ° to the vector of the incident electric field have, the dipoles are dimensioned such that a phase shift of 180 ° arises between the reflected electrical field components parallel and perpendicular to the respective dipole axis and that, furthermore, the phase of the resulting reflected electrical field with respect to the phase of the incident electrical field at each dipole is shifted in such a way that the total field generated by all dipoles has predetermined (eg flat) wave fronts.
- the type of the specified wave fronts depends on the requirements of the respective application. In addition to antennas with pencil beam characteristics, e.g. Antennas with fan beam or cosecans characteristics possible or antennas with multiple lobes.
- a particular advantage of the solution with flat wave fronts is that the advantages of a folded reflector - 4 -
- Antenna with polarization rotation namely a small depth of the antenna without restricting the maximum geometric aperture, with the advantages of planar manufacturing technology, which are primarily due to their significantly lower technical complexity.
- the accuracy of the antenna or the characteristic of the antenna pattern is determined by the number and density of the dipoles.
- the focus of the effort required for production is thus shifted from mechanical production to the calculation of the individual dipoles.
- Such a calculation can be carried out with appropriate computer programs and is therefore not so important in terms of cost.
- For mechanical production photographic or the like. Processes are used with which even the smallest metallic structures can be produced in a known manner.
- the main reflector is formed in particular by a dielectric plate with a low dissipation factor, on which the dipoles are each in the form of a metallization structure on the side facing the incident microwaves, and on the side facing away from the incident microwaves a continuous metallization layer is applied.
- the metallization structures are preferably rectangular in shape, but they can e.g. also have the shape of a cross or a disc.
- the subreflector is preferably a substrate with a metallization in the form of a polarization grating. 5 -
- the sub-reflector can additionally have metallization structures for beam shaping of the microwaves emanating from the primary radiator and / or the main reflector.
- the primary radiator may preferably be a horn antenna or a microstrip antenna.
- any other antenna shape that suitably illuminates the reflector is also conceivable.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a preferred embodiment of the reflector antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the electrical field components on a single dipole of the reflector antenna according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the main reflector of the reflector antenna according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the course of the field strength in the H plane of the reflector antenna according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the course of the field strength in the E plane of the reflector antenna according to FIG. 1
- FIG. 6 shows a known reflector antenna for polarized microwaves. - 6 -
- the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a primary radiator 1, which is directed onto a subreflector 2.
- the subreflector 2 has the property of a polarization filter.
- the primary radiator 1 lies in the plane of a main reflector 3, which is arranged parallel to the subreflector 2 and has the property that it reflects the polarization plane of an incident wave rotated by 90 ° and also delays its phase in such a way that the reflected waves total form plane wave fronts.
- the antenna works in such a way that the primary radiator 1 generates polarized waves which spread out in a spherical shape and hit the subreflector 2.
- the plane of polarization of these waves and the direction of transmission of the sub-reflector 2 form an angle of 90 °, so that the waves are reflected and then fall onto the main reflector 3.
- the main reflector 3 reflects the waves with a polarization plane rotated by 90 °, the re-reflected waves can now pass through the sub-reflector 2 and also (in the example) have plane wave fronts.
- the primary radiator 1 is a horn antenna known per se, but can alternatively also be a microstrip line antenna. However, any other antenna shape that suitably illuminates the reflector is also conceivable.
- the subreflector 2 is a polarization filter in the form of a substrate 21 with a corresponding metallization 22 - 7 -
- the main reflector 3 consists of a planar dielectric 31 with a low loss factor, which is provided on the rear side (that is, on the side facing away from the incident microwaves) with a continuous metallic layer 32.
- the structures 33 are aligned parallel to one another, their axis including an angle of typically 45 ° with the direction of polarization of the electric field.
- FIG. 2 One of these metallization structures 33, each of which has the property of a dipole, is shown in FIG. 2 with the corresponding field components.
- the incident electric field E ⁇ n can be broken down into a portion E j_ n parallel and a portion - ⁇ xin perpendicular to the axis of the metallization structure 33.
- the field - ⁇ out reflected on the structure is accordingly composed of a portion - ⁇ yout parallel and a portion - ⁇ xout perpendicular to the axis of structure 33.
- the polarization plane of the reflected wave is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the polarization plane of the incident wave (cf. FIG. 2).
- the additional phase shift ⁇ 0 is selected depending on the coordinates of the individual metallization structure on the main reflector in such a way that in the example the waves reflected on all structures have a flat wave front overall, i.e. are bundled.
- a periodic overall arrangement is assumed.
- the phases of the reflection factor for the polarization of the wave parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the structures are first calculated for a plane wave that falls on a periodic arrangement of these structures, all of which have a certain selected length and width.
- a structure at a specific location of the main reflector is then given in a second step those dimensions in which the corresponding measured arrangement of the same structures has a phase shift of 180 ° between the two components .
- Eyaus and - ⁇ xaus of the reflected electric field that is, a rotation of the plane of polarization of the reflected electric field with respect to that of the incident electric field by 90 °
- the mathematical determination of the relationship between the dimensions of the structures and the phase of the reflection factor can be carried out, for example, using a field-theoretical method.
- the spectral range method is particularly suitable for this.
- developments are made for the field strengths, the coefficients of which can be determined by the boundary or continuity conditions on the metal or dielectric surfaces.
- reference is made to the explanations in "Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Passive Structures" by Tatsuo Itho, John Wiley & Sons, 1989, in particular pages 334 ff.
- the sub-reflector is 45 mm from the main reflector.
- the diameter of the antenna is 150 mm.
- FIG. 4 shows the measured far field diagram in the H plane for this antenna, while in FIG. 5 the far field diagram is shown in the E plane.
- the sub-reflector 2 can additionally have a beam-shaping property. This can be achieved in that, in the case of a single-layer structure, the inside of the polarization grating, or in the case of a multi-layer structure, other layers are given further metallization structures. This allows, for example, additional bundling, which further reduces the focal length or the depth of the antenna. - 11 -
- the antenna is designed in such a way that the main reflector has the property of producing wavefronts which lead to a far field diagram which does not have the greatest gain, but e.g. has a so-called fan beam or a so-called cosecans shape or even multiple lobes as far-field characteristics.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19806887 | 1998-02-19 | ||
DE19806887 | 1998-02-19 | ||
DE19848722 | 1998-10-22 | ||
DE19848722A DE19848722B4 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-10-22 | Mikrowellen-Reflektorantenne |
PCT/DE1999/000354 WO1999043049A1 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-10 | Mikrowellen-reflektorantenne |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0976173A1 true EP0976173A1 (de) | 2000-02-02 |
EP0976173B1 EP0976173B1 (de) | 2012-09-26 |
Family
ID=26043971
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99907317A Expired - Lifetime EP0976173B1 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-10 | Mikrowellen-reflektorantenne |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0976173B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999043049A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004049626A1 (de) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-13 | A.D.C. Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh | Radarantennenanordnung |
CN104466429A (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-03-25 | 北京东方安高微电子科技有限公司 | 一种毫米波一维单脉冲双平面反射天线 |
WO2018098698A1 (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种反射阵天线及通信设备 |
DE102019200411A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-16 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verkehrsfahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4905014A (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1990-02-27 | Malibu Research Associates, Inc. | Microwave phasing structures for electromagnetically emulating reflective surfaces and focusing elements of selected geometry |
US5455589A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1995-10-03 | Millitech Corporation | Compact microwave and millimeter wave radar |
-
1999
- 1999-02-10 WO PCT/DE1999/000354 patent/WO1999043049A1/de active Application Filing
- 1999-02-10 EP EP99907317A patent/EP0976173B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9943049A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0976173B1 (de) | 2012-09-26 |
WO1999043049A1 (de) | 1999-08-26 |
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