EP0973984B1 - Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same - Google Patents
Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0973984B1 EP0973984B1 EP98920576A EP98920576A EP0973984B1 EP 0973984 B1 EP0973984 B1 EP 0973984B1 EP 98920576 A EP98920576 A EP 98920576A EP 98920576 A EP98920576 A EP 98920576A EP 0973984 B1 EP0973984 B1 EP 0973984B1
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- Prior art keywords
- jack
- bearing
- load
- flag
- designed
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000852483 Homo sapiens Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036342 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of demolishing a building of several floors consisting of a set of load-bearing walls which are substantially parallel to each other commonly called sails and a set of slabs forming the floors, the slabs being substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to said ones load-bearing walls, this process consisting in demolishing the building from top to bottom by at least two storeys.
- the invention also relates to equipment for the implementation of this process, this equipment comprising at least one cylinder thrust.
- the aim of the present invention is to remedy this lack and the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a demolition process and equipment adapted to this height of buildings, without resorting to explosives, which allow the demolition of the building by section of floors from top to bottom, not exceeding the footprint of the building on the ground, the cost of which is lower than that of caving since it is not necessary to plan the evacuation of a security perimeter, nor the interruption of traffic, and whose completion time is less than that represented by a conventional or ball solution, or even by the manual dismantling of the building. Furthermore, this process is safe for operators since it is not necessary to weaken the entire structure of the building, by removing bracing.
- the present invention also relates to equipment arranged for setting up work of this method, characterized in that it comprises a frame supporting said cylinder, the assembly formed by the chassis and the cylinder being dimensioned to be housed in an opening formed in a slab, the axis of the jack being substantially parallel to this slab, and in that it comprises at least one forestay positioned in the diagonal of at least a part of the building arranged at the rear of the thrust cylinder to form a bracing.
- the chassis comprises at least a retaining plate positioned in front of the edge of the cut-off slab and fixed on two transverse sections provided on either side of this slab.
- the chassis may include longitudinal members arranged substantially perpendicularly to the transverse profiles and fixed to the slab to stiffen it.
- a sealant is injected between the retaining plate and the edge of the slab to fill all the cavities and form a uniform support plane for the cylinder.
- the chassis has a support plate mounted parallel to the retaining plate by means of a hinge provided in 1a base of these plates, this support plate comprising a barrel intended to receive the body of the push cylinder, which can be sealed in the barrel by means of at least one injected polyurethane foam.
- the free end of the push cylinder rod advantageously includes a head partially spherical support provided to press on the opposite edge of the slab sectioned and reinforced by at least one support profile fixed integrally.
- the forestay may comprise at least two tubes sliding one inside the other, their free end being housed in an angle of said piece reinforced by an angle metallic. It is advantageously energized by at least one jack arranged between at least two brackets provided on said tubes and then fixed in position by a weld bead at the junction of the two tubes.
- jacks 10 are installed in parallel to distribute the thrust force over its entire width.
- a step can be added to the above process in which rupture zones are created by forming notches 5 in the load-bearing walls 2 parallel to the slabs 3 and at determined locations for shearing by example, the metal reinforcements which are in the form of lattices incorporated into the walls or tie rods provided at the ends of these walls.
- the material used for the first section is recovered beforehand, namely the jacks 10, the frames 20 and the stays 30 to replace them, for example, three floors below.
- the demolition equipment allowing the implementation of the method described above comprises at least one thrust cylinder 10 of several tonnes (max. 100 tonnes), preferably hydraulic, a chassis of mounting 20 of the jack and braces 30 of bracing.
- the frame 20 for mounting the jack comprises a metal holding plate 21, positioned in front of the section 3a of the sectioned slab 3 and fixed on two profiles 22 metal U-shaped, transverse and provided on either side of this slab.
- U-shaped metal beams 23 are provided perpendicular to the transverse profiles 22, fixed on the slab 3 to stiffen it so that it resists cylinder thrust 10.
- a sealant such as fast cement grout, is injected between the retaining plate 21 and the edge 3a of the slab to fill all the cavities which may exist and form a uniform support plane for the jack 10.
- This chassis 20 also includes a metal support plate 24, mounted parallel to the retaining plate 21 by means of a hinge 25 provided at the base of these plates.
- This support plate 24 comprises a metal barrel 26 intended for receive the body 11 of the push cylinder 10. The latter is positioned in the barrel 26 with needle screws 27 then sealed with injected polyurethane foam or any other suitable system. An orifice 28 is arranged in the barrel 26 for receive the fittings 12 of the supply pipes of the jack 10, these fittings also involved in the mechanical maintenance of the jack.
- the free end of the rod 13 of the thrust cylinder 10 has a partially spherical support head 14 made for example of hardened steel and designed to press on the opposite edge 3b of the sectioned slab. This section 3b is also reinforced by a profile support 29 fixedly attached to it by means of two transverse U-shaped profiles 22.
- the presence of the support head 14 at the end of the cylinder rod 10 allows it to provide support whatever the thrust angle which is not always precisely 90 °.
- the props 30 are provided to consolidate the existing parts 4 located at the rear and on the lower stages relative to the jack 10 by forming braces.
- Each forestay comprises two metal tubes 31, 32, preferably of square section and sliding one inside the other, provided at their free end with a round drawn profile 33 intended to be housed in a corner of the part 4 reinforced by a metal angle 34.
- Each stay is placed in the diagonal of the part 4, tensioned by a jack 35 disposed between two brackets 36 provided on said tubes 31, 32 and fixed in position stretched by a weld bead at the junction 37 of the two tubes. After welding, the cylinder 35 power-up is removed.
- the jack 10 is held in the opening of the slab 3 between the two sections 3a and 3b. As soon as the load-bearing walls 2 fall, the slice 3b of the slab moves away, the jack 10 is no longer held and retracts automatically under the remaining slab, according to arrow A shown in Figures 1 and 3, thanks to the hinge coupling the support plates 21 and holding plates 24. For this purpose, the bearing wall 2 close is cut to provide an opening for receiving the cylinder in the rest position. The cylinder 10 is thus protected from falling rubble and can be reused. Likewise, were 30 are also recoverable after removing the weld bead that keeps them under voltage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de démolition d'un immeuble de plusieurs étages constitué d'un ensemble de murs porteurs sensiblement parallèles entre eux appelés couramment des voiles et d'un ensemble de dalles formant les étages, les dalles étant sensiblement parallèles entre elles et sensiblement perpendiculaires auxdits murs porteurs, ce procédé consistant à démolir l'immeuble du haut vers le bas par tranche d'au moins deux étages. L'invention concerne également un équipement pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, cet équipement comportant au moins un vérin de poussée.The present invention relates to a method of demolishing a building of several floors consisting of a set of load-bearing walls which are substantially parallel to each other commonly called sails and a set of slabs forming the floors, the slabs being substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to said ones load-bearing walls, this process consisting in demolishing the building from top to bottom by at least two storeys. The invention also relates to equipment for the implementation of this process, this equipment comprising at least one cylinder thrust.
Pour démolir des immeubles vétustes ou tout autre bâtiment, réalisés en béton armé par exemple, on utilise généralement l'une des solutions suivantes en fonction notamment de la hauteur de l'immeuble, de son environnement, du coût et du délai de l'opération de démolition :
- la solution à boule, la plus ancienne, qui consiste à déformer les murs et les dalles sous l'action d'une boule massive projetée de façon répétitive contre le bâtiment, cette boule étant suspendue à l'extrémité du bras d'un engin mécanique ou d'une grue,
- la solution mécanique classique : à grignotage à l'aide d'un engin de chantier hydraulique pourvu d'un bras pouvant atteindre environ 30 mètres et d'une pelle, qui est limitée à des immeubles d'environ 8 à 10 étages maximum,
- la solution du foudroyage à l'explosif, qui consiste à disposer des charges explosives à des endroits prédéterminés pour provoquer l'effondrement global du bâtiment.
- the ball solution, the oldest, which consists of deforming walls and slabs under the action of a massive ball projected repeatedly against the building, this ball being suspended at the end of the arm of a mechanical machine or a crane,
- the classic mechanical solution: snacking using a hydraulic construction machine with an arm of up to around 30 meters and a shovel, which is limited to buildings of around 8 to 10 floors maximum,
- the explosive caving solution, which consists of placing explosive charges at predetermined locations to cause the overall collapse of the building.
Cette dernière solution rapide et efficace est par ailleurs très coûteuse étant donné qu'il faut rajouter au coût propre des explosifs et de leur mise en place, un coût extérieur pour le repérage et le dégagement d'un périmètre de sécurité autour de l'immeuble, par exemple dans un rayon de 300 mètres. Ce coût extérieur comprend toutes les démarches administratives et le déploiement des forces de sécurité pour l'évacuation des habitations, l'interruption de la circulation terrestre et aérienne, etc. On imagine aisément les difficultés de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé pour un immeuble situé en plein coeur d'une ville. De manière connue, cette solution de foudroyage à l'explosif ne devient rentable qu'à partir d'un immeuble de 16 étages environ. De plus, elle présente certains risques pour les opérateurs lors de la mise en place des explosifs étant donné qu'ils doivent retirer l'étayage et les contreventements des murs porteurs fragilisant ainsi la tenue mécanique de l'immeuble qui peut sous l'effet d'une secousse sismique s'effondrer rapidement.The latter quick and efficient solution is also very expensive given that must be added to the clean cost of the explosives and their installation, a cost exterior for identifying and clearing a security perimeter around the building, for example within a radius of 300 meters. This external cost includes all the administrative procedures and the deployment of security forces to evacuation of dwellings, interruption of land and air traffic, etc. One can easily imagine the difficulties of implementing this process for a building located in the heart of a city. In known manner, this solution of explosive caving only becomes profitable from a 16-story building about. In addition, it presents certain risks for operators when setting up place explosives since they have to remove the shoring and bracing load-bearing walls thus weakening the mechanical strength of the building which can under the effect of an earthquake collapsing quickly.
Il n'existe a priori aucune autre solution rentable en coût et en délai pour des immeubles compris entre 10 et 16 étages, représentant un marché potentiel d'environ 95 % des immeubles.A priori, there is no other cost-effective and time-efficient solution for buildings between 10 and 16 storeys, representing a potential market of around 95% of buildings.
Néanmoins, il existe d'autres dispositifs de démolition limités à des bâtiments peu élevés et utilisant un vérin de poussée, tels que décrits par exemple dans les publications FR-A-2 199 049, FR-A-917 320 et DE-U-295 02 966.8. Ces dispositifs utilisent un vérin de poussée pour soulever les dalles ou pousser les murs et, en cas d'effondrement des dalles supérieures du bâtiment, se retrouvent sous les décombres subissant ainsi des dommages très importants. Certains dispositifs nécessitent la présence d'un opérateur, ce qui n'est pas du tout envisageable dans l'application qui nous intéresse. De plus, aucun de ces dispositifs ne prévoit un dispositif de renforcement de la structure du bâtiment à proximité de la zone de poussée, pour assurer la protection des opérateurs pendant la préparation du chantier et 1a stabilité de cette structure tant que l'ordre de démolition n'a pas été donné.However, there are other demolition devices limited to low-rise buildings. raised and using a thrust cylinder, as described for example in the publications FR-A-2 199 049, FR-A-917 320 and DE-U-295 02 966.8. These devices use a push cylinder to lift the slabs or push the walls and, in case collapse of the upper slabs of the building, are found under the rubble thus suffering very significant damage. Some devices require presence of an operator, which is not at all possible in the application which interests us. Furthermore, none of these devices provides a device for reinforcement of the building structure near the thrust zone, to ensure operator protection during site preparation and stability of this structure until the demolition order has been given.
Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à ce manque et aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus en proposant un procédé et un équipement de démolition adaptés à cette hauteur d'immeubles, sans recourir à des explosifs, qui permettent la démolition de l'immeuble par tranche d'étages du haut vers le bas, ne dépassant pas l'emprise de l'immeuble au sol, dont le coût de mise en oeuvre est inférieur à celui du foudroyage étant donné qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir l'évacuation d'un périmètre de sécurité, ni l'interruption de la circulation, et dont le délai de réalisation est inférieur à celui représenté par une solution classique ou à boule, voire par le démontage manuel de l'immeuble. Par ailleurs, ce procédé est sans danger pour les opérateurs étant donné qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de fragiliser toute la structure de l'immeuble, par la suppression des contreventements. The aim of the present invention is to remedy this lack and the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a demolition process and equipment adapted to this height of buildings, without resorting to explosives, which allow the demolition of the building by section of floors from top to bottom, not exceeding the footprint of the building on the ground, the cost of which is lower than that of caving since it is not necessary to plan the evacuation of a security perimeter, nor the interruption of traffic, and whose completion time is less than that represented by a conventional or ball solution, or even by the manual dismantling of the building. Furthermore, this process is safe for operators since it is not necessary to weaken the entire structure of the building, by removing bracing.
Dans ce but, la présente invention concerne un procédé de démolition caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes:
- on tronçonne la dalle d'un étage déterminé, parallèlement aux murs porteurs, dans une zone située au-delà du deuxième mur porteur à partir du mur extérieur,
- on installe un vérin de poussée dans l'ouverture ainsi créée, sensiblement parallèlement à la dalle et sensiblement perpendiculairement aux murs porteurs,
- on rigidifie la zone d'appui arrière du vérin,
- on consolide la zone d'appui avant de la tige du vérin,
- on met en place au moins un étai dans au moins une pièce située à l'arrière du vérin pour former un contreventement,
- on commande la mise sous pression du vérin pour pousser les murs porteurs en avant et déclencher au moins l'écroulement des dalles et des murs porteurs des étages supérieurs.
- the slab of a given floor is cut, parallel to the load-bearing walls, in an area situated beyond the second load-bearing wall from the outside wall,
- a thrust cylinder is installed in the opening thus created, substantially parallel to the slab and substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls,
- the rear support area of the jack is stiffened,
- the front support area of the cylinder rod is consolidated,
- at least one forestay is put in place in at least one part located at the rear of the jack to form a brace,
- the cylinder is pressurized to push the load-bearing walls forward and at least trigger the collapse of the slabs and load-bearing walls of the upper floors.
Pour que le vérin puisse s'appuyer sur une zone uniformément plane, on injecte un produit de scellement dans la zone d'appui arrière du vérin pour combler les cavités existantes.So that the jack can rest on a uniformly flat area, we inject a sealant in the rear support area of the cylinder to fill the cavities existing.
On peut prévoir une étape supplémentaire qui consiste à créer des zones de rupture dans les murs porteurs en les entaillant parallèlement à la dalle, notamment dans le cas de murs renforcés par des armatures métalliques.We can provide an additional step which consists in creating rupture zones in load-bearing walls by notching them parallel to the slab, especially in the case of walls reinforced by metal reinforcements.
Après la démolition d'une première tranche d'étages, on récupère de préférence le matériel de poussée et de consolidation et on recommence lesdites étapes.After the demolition of a first section of floors, it is preferable to recover the pushing and consolidation equipment and these steps are repeated.
La présente invention concerne également un équipement agencé pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un châssis supportant ledit vérin, l'ensemble formé par le châssis et le vérin étant dimensionné pour être logé dans une ouverture formée dans une dalle, l'axe du vérin étant sensiblement parallèle à cette dalle, et en ce qu'il comporte au moins un étai positionné dans la diagonale d'au moins une pièce de l'immeuble disposé à l'arrière du vérin de poussée pour former un contreventement. The present invention also relates to equipment arranged for setting up work of this method, characterized in that it comprises a frame supporting said cylinder, the assembly formed by the chassis and the cylinder being dimensioned to be housed in an opening formed in a slab, the axis of the jack being substantially parallel to this slab, and in that it comprises at least one forestay positioned in the diagonal of at least a part of the building arranged at the rear of the thrust cylinder to form a bracing.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le châssis comporte au moins une plaque de maintien positionnée devant la tranche de la dalle tronçonnée et fixée sur deux profilés transversaux prévus de part et d'autre de cette dalle.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chassis comprises at least a retaining plate positioned in front of the edge of the cut-off slab and fixed on two transverse sections provided on either side of this slab.
Le châssis peut comporter des longerons disposés sensiblement perpendiculairement aux profilés transversaux et fixés sur la dalle pour la rigidifier.The chassis may include longitudinal members arranged substantially perpendicularly to the transverse profiles and fixed to the slab to stiffen it.
De préférence, un produit de scellement est injecté entre la plaque de maintien et la tranche de la dalle pour combler toutes les cavités et former un plan d'appui uniforme pour le vérin.Preferably, a sealant is injected between the retaining plate and the edge of the slab to fill all the cavities and form a uniform support plane for the cylinder.
Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, le châssis comporte une plaque de support montée parallèlement à la plaque de maintien au moyen d'une charnière prévue à 1a base de ces plaques, cette plaque de support comportant un fût destiné à recevoir le corps du vérin de poussée, qui peut être scellé dans le fût au moyen d'au moins une mousse de polyuréthanne injectée.In the preferred embodiment, the chassis has a support plate mounted parallel to the retaining plate by means of a hinge provided in 1a base of these plates, this support plate comprising a barrel intended to receive the body of the push cylinder, which can be sealed in the barrel by means of at least one injected polyurethane foam.
L'extrémité libre de la tige du vérin de poussée comporte avantageusement une tête d'appui partiellement sphérique prévue pour appuyer sur la tranche opposée de la dalle tronçonnée et renforcée par au moins un profilé d'appui fixé solidairement.The free end of the push cylinder rod advantageously includes a head partially spherical support provided to press on the opposite edge of the slab sectioned and reinforced by at least one support profile fixed integrally.
De préférence, l'étai peut comporter au moins deux tubes coulissant l'un dans l'autre, leur extrémité libre se logeant dans un angle de ladite pièce renforcé par une cornière métallique. Il est avantageusement mis sous tension par au moins un vérin disposé entre au moins deux équerres prévues sur lesdits tubes puis fixé en position par un cordon de soudure à la jonction des deux tubes. Preferably, the forestay may comprise at least two tubes sliding one inside the other, their free end being housed in an angle of said piece reinforced by an angle metallic. It is advantageously energized by at least one jack arranged between at least two brackets provided on said tubes and then fixed in position by a weld bead at the junction of the two tubes.
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaítront mieux dans la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement un immeuble à démolir avec le positionnement de l'équipement de démolition selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue du montage du vérin dans une dalle en position de poussée,
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du montage du vérin de la figure 2 après la poussée, et
- la figure 4 est une vue du montage d'un étai.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a building to be demolished with the positioning of the demolition equipment according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a view of the mounting of the jack in a slab in the thrust position,
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the mounting of the jack of FIG. 2 after the thrust, and
- Figure 4 is a view of the mounting of a forestay.
En référence à la figure 1, l'immeuble 1 à démolir est constitué d'un ensemble de murs
porteurs 2 appelés couramment des voiles et d'un ensemble de dalles 3 définissant les
étages numérotés sur la figure 1 du rez-de-chaussée au 8ème. Les murs porteurs 2 et
les dalles 3 forment schématiquement un quadrillage de pièces 4. Le procédé de
démolition selon l'invention consiste à démolir cet immeuble du haut vers le bas par
tranche d'au moins deux étages, et dans l'exemple trois étages, en exerçant à un étage
choisi et d'un côté de l'immeuble une poussée horizontale dans une dalle selon une
direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux murs porteurs, ayant pour effet de déplacer
et de coucher ces murs porteurs en avant dans le sens de poussée représenté par la
flèche P, entraínant l'écroulement des autres murs porteurs et des dalles des étages
supérieurs qui s'affaissent les uns sur les autres. Cette opération d'abattage est
recommencée trois ou quatre étages plus bas et ainsi de suite. Pour un immeuble de
huit étages, seules deux opérations sont nécessaires, les parties restantes étant
démolies à la pelle hydraulique.
Ce procédé de démolition prévoit les étapes suivantes ;
Il est bien entendu, qu'en fonction de la largeur de l'immeuble, on installe plusieurs
vérins 10 en parallèle pour répartir la force de poussée sur toute sa largeur.
Pour faciliter l'abattage des murs porteurs 2, on peut ajouter une étape au procédé ci-dessus
dans laquelle on crée des zones de rupture en formant des entailles 5 dans les
murs porteurs 2 parallèlement aux dalles 3 et à des endroits déterminés pour cisailler
par exemple les armatures métalliques qui sont sous forme de treillis incorporés aux
murs ou de tirants prévus aux extrémités de ces murs.
Pour démolir la deuxième tranche d'étages, on récupère préalablement le matériel
utilisé pour la première tranche, à savoir les vérins 10, les châssis 20 et les étais 30
pour les remettre en place, par exemple, trois étages plus bas.It is understood that, depending on the width of the building,
To facilitate the felling of load-
To demolish the second section of floors, the material used for the first section is recovered beforehand, namely the
On comprend aisément que ce procédé de démolition assimilable à la démolition d'un château de cartes permet la démolition de l'immeuble du haut vers le bas en restant sensiblement dans l'axe de l'immeuble sans sortir pratiquement de l'emprise au sol de l'immeuble. Un périmètre de sécurité minimal d'environ 3 mètres autour du site est suffisant. It is easy to understand that this demolition process comparable to the demolition of a house of cards allows the demolition of the building from top to bottom while remaining substantially in the axis of the building without practically leaving the footprint of the building. A minimum security perimeter of approximately 3 meters around the site is sufficient.
En référence également aux figures 2 à 4, l'équipement de démolition permettant la
mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit ci-dessus comporte au moins un vérin de poussée
10 de plusieurs tonnes (max. 100 tonnes), hydraulique de préférence, un châssis de
montage 20 du vérin et des étais 30 de contreventement.With reference also to FIGS. 2 to 4, the demolition equipment allowing the
implementation of the method described above comprises at least one
Le châssis 20 de montage du vérin comporte une plaque de maintien 21, métallique,
positionnée devant la tranche 3a de la dalle 3 tronçonnée et fixée sur deux profilés 22
métalliques en forme de U, transversaux et prévus de part et d'autre de cette dalle.
Des longerons 23 métalliques en forme de U sont prévus perpendiculairement aux
profilés transversaux 22, fixés sur la dalle 3 pour la rigidifier afin qu'elle résiste à la
poussée du vérin 10. Un produit de scellement, tel que du coulis de ciment rapide, est
injecté entre la plaque de maintien 21 et la tranche 3a de la dalle pour combler toutes
les cavités pouvant exister et former un plan d'appui uniforme pour le vérin 10. Ce
châssis 20 comporte également une plaque de support 24 métallique, montée
parallèlement à la plaque de maintien 21 au moyen d'une charnière 25 prévue à la base
de ces plaques. Cette plaque de support 24 comporte un fût 26, métallique, destiné à
recevoir le corps 11 du vérin de poussée 10. Ce dernier est positionné dans le fût 26
par des vis pointeaux 27 puis scellé au moyen d'une mousse de polyuréthanne injectée
ou de tout autre système approprié. Un orifice 28 est aménagé dans le fût 26 pour
recevoir les raccords 12 des tuyaux d'alimentation du vérin 10, ces raccords
intervenant également dans le maintien mécanique du vérin. L'extrémité libre de la tige
13 du vérin de poussée 10 comporte une tête d'appui 14 partiellement sphérique
réalisée par exemple en acier trempé et prévue pour appuyer sur la tranche opposée
3b de la dalle tronçonnée. Cette tranche 3b est également renforcée par un profilé
d'appui 29 fixé solidairement sur elle au moyen de deux profilés 22 en U transversaux.
La présence de la tête d'appui 14 à l'extrémité de la tige du vérin 10 lui permet
d'assurer un appui quelque soit l'angle de poussée qui n'est pas toujours précisément à
90°. Les étais 30 sont prévus pour consolider les pièces 4 existantes situées à l'arrière
et aux étages inférieurs par rapport au vérin 10 en formant des contreventements.
Chaque étai comporte deux tubes 31, 32 métalliques, de section carrée de préférence
et coulissant l'un dans l'autre, pourvus à leur extrémité libre d'un profilé tiré rond 33
destiné à se loger dans un angle de la pièce 4 renforcé par une cornière métallique 34.
Chaque étai est placé dans la diagonale de la pièce 4, mis sous tension par un vérin 35
disposé entre deux équerres 36 prévues sur lesdits tubes 31, 32 et fixé en position
tendue par un cordon de soudure à la jonction 37 des deux tubes. Après soudure, le vérin
35 de mise sous tension est retiré.The
Lors de l'abattage et pendant la poussée, le vérin 10 est maintenu dans l'ouverture de la
dalle 3 entre les deux tranches 3a et 3b. Dès la chute des murs porteurs 2, la tranche 3b de
la dalle s'éloigne, le vérin 10 n'est plus maintenu et s'escamote automatiquement sous la
dalle restante, selon la flèche A représentée dans les figures 1 et 3, grâce à la charnière
couplant les plaques de support 21 et de maintien 24. A cet effet, le mur porteur 2 proche
est découpé pour ménager une ouverture destinée à recevoir le vérin en position repos. Le
vérin 10 est ainsi protégé des chutes de gravât et peut être réutilisé. De même, les étais 30
sont également récupérables après avoir enlevé le cordon de soudure qui les maintient sous
tension.During felling and during pushing, the
Cette description montre clairement que tous les buts mentionnés plus haut sont atteints par l'invention.This description clearly shows that all of the above mentioned goals are achieved by the invention.
Il convient de préciser que le nombre des pièces, leurs forme et dimensions, leur emplacement de la présente invention peuvent varier tout en restant dans le champ de protection défini par les revendications annexées.It should be noted that the number of parts, their shape and dimensions, their location of the present invention may vary while remaining within the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
- A method for demolishing a building (1) comprising several storeys formed of a unit of substantially mutually parallel load-bearing walls (2), generally known as shear walls, and a collection of flags (3) forming the storeys, the slabs being substantially mutually parallel and substantially perpendicular to the said load-bearing walls, this method consisting of demolishing the building from the top to the bottom in sections comprising at least two storeys, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:the flag (3) of a determined storey is cut into sections parallel to the load-bearing walls (2), in a region situated on the other side of the second load-bearing wall from the outer wall,a push-type jack (10) is installed in the aperture thus created, substantially parallel to the flag (3) and substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls (2),the rear bearing region of the jack (10) is stiffened,the front bearing region of the rod of the jack is strengthened,at least one strut (30) is positioned in at least one room (4) situated at the rear of the jack to form bracing,the pressurisation of the jack (10) is controlled to thrust the load-bearing walls (2) forward and to start at least the collapse of the flags (3) and of the load-bearing walls (2) of the upper storeys.
- A demolition method according to Claim 1, characterised in that a sealant is injected into the rear bearing region of the jack.
- A demolition method according to Claim 1, characterised in that a supplementary step is provided, which consists in creating breaking zones (5) in the load-bearing walls (2) by making notches in them parallel to the flags (3).
- A demolition method according to Claim 1, characterised in that after the demolition of a first section of storeys, the push-type (10) and strengthening equipment is recovered and these said steps are recommenced.
- Demolition equipment for the utilisation of the method according to any one of the preceding Claims, this equipment comprising at least one push-type jack (10), characterised in that it comprises a framework (20) supporting the said push-type jack (10), the unit formed by the framework and the jack being designed to be housed in an aperture formed in a flag (3), the axis of the said jack being designed substantially parallel to this flag, and in that it comprises at least one strut (30) designed to be positioned in the diagonal of at least one room (4) of the building disposed to the rear of the push-type jack (10) to form bracing.
- Equipment according to Claim 5, characterised in that the framework (20) comprises at least one retaining plate (21) designed to be positioned in front of the edge (3a) of the flag divided into sections, this retaining plate (21) being fixed onto two transverse beams (22) designed to be positioned on either side of said flag (3).
- Equipment according to Claim 6, characterised in that the framework (20) comprises longitudinal beams (23) disposed substantially perpendicularly to the transverse beams (22) and designed to be fixed onto the flag (3) to strengthen it.
- Equipment according to Claim 6, characterised in that it comprises a sealant to be injected between the retaining plate (21) and the edge (3a) of the flag to fill all the cavities and to form a uniform support plane for the jack.
- Equipment according to Claim 6, characterised in that the framework (20) comprises a bearing plate (24) mounted parallel to the retaining plate (21) by means of a hinge (25) provided at the base of these plates, this bearing plate comprising a shaft (26) intended to receive the body (11) of the push-type jack (10).
- Equipment according to Claim 9, characterised in that the body (11) of the jack (10) is embedded into the shaft (26) by means of at least one injected polyurethane mouse.
- Equipment according to Claim 9, characterised in that the free end of the rod (13) of the push-type jack (10) comprises a partially spherical bearing head (14) designed to rest on the opposite edge (3b) of the flag (3) cut into sections.
- Equipment according to Claim 11, characterised in that it comprises at least one bearing section (29) designed to be fixed integrally onto the opposite edge (3b) of the flag to reinforce it.
- Equipment according to Claim 5, characterised in that the strut (30) comprises at least two tubes (31, 32), one sliding in the another, their free ends being designed to become fixed in an angle of the said room reinforced by a metal angle steel (34).
- Equipment according to Claim 13, characterised in that the strut (30) is tensioned by at least one jack (35) disposed between at least two angle irons (36) provided on the said tubes then fixed into position by a weld bead at the junction (37) of the two tubes (31, 32).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9704573 | 1997-04-09 | ||
| FR9704573A FR2762032B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | PROCESS OF DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS |
| PCT/FR1998/000696 WO1998045551A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-04-07 | Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0973984A1 EP0973984A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| EP0973984B1 true EP0973984B1 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
Family
ID=9505884
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98920576A Expired - Lifetime EP0973984B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-04-07 | Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0973984B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7339098A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69803446T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2171295T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2762032B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT973984E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998045551A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2813627B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-10-31 | Jean Claude Philip | GAS EXPANSION ACTUATOR DEVICE FOR BUILDING DEMOLITION |
| NL1020143C2 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-12 | A Van Der Wal Sloopwerken B V | System and method for demolishing buildings. |
| FR2987386B1 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2021-01-29 | Colas Sa | DEMOLITION PROCESS BY JACKING, CYLINDER FRAME (S) AND PUSHING AND BRACING DEVICES |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR917320A (en) * | 1945-06-21 | 1947-01-03 | Marseillaise Des Entpr S Chauf | Rapid means of demolition of important works of masonry, concrete or other building materials, characterized by thick walls or of great length or great height |
| JPS535463B2 (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1978-02-27 | ||
| DE29502966U1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1995-06-14 | LOG Hydraulik GmbH, 84051 Essenbach | Device for breaking through walls or the like. |
-
1997
- 1997-04-09 FR FR9704573A patent/FR2762032B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-07 DE DE69803446T patent/DE69803446T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 ES ES98920576T patent/ES2171295T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 PT PT98920576T patent/PT973984E/en unknown
- 1998-04-07 WO PCT/FR1998/000696 patent/WO1998045551A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-07 EP EP98920576A patent/EP0973984B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 AU AU73390/98A patent/AU7339098A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69803446T2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| PT973984E (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| WO1998045551A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| FR2762032A1 (en) | 1998-10-16 |
| EP0973984A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| DE69803446D1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| ES2171295T3 (en) | 2002-09-01 |
| FR2762032B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 |
| AU7339098A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
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