EP0973984A1 - Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same - Google Patents

Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same

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Publication number
EP0973984A1
EP0973984A1 EP98920576A EP98920576A EP0973984A1 EP 0973984 A1 EP0973984 A1 EP 0973984A1 EP 98920576 A EP98920576 A EP 98920576A EP 98920576 A EP98920576 A EP 98920576A EP 0973984 A1 EP0973984 A1 EP 0973984A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
slab
jack
equipment according
bearing walls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98920576A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0973984B1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Ferrari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Colas SA
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0973984A1 publication Critical patent/EP0973984A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0973984B1 publication Critical patent/EP0973984B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of demolishing a multi-storey building consisting of a set of load-bearing walls which are substantially parallel to one another, commonly called sails, and a set of slabs forming the floors, the slabs being substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to said load-bearing walls, this process consisting in demolishing the building from top to bottom in sections of at least two floors.
  • the invention also relates to equipment for implementing this method.
  • the explosive caving solution which consists of placing the explosive charges at predetermined locations to cause the overall building to collapse.
  • This last quick and effective solution is also very expensive since it is necessary to add to the own cost of the explosives and their installation, an external cost for the location and clearing of a security perimeter around the building. , for example within a radius of 300 meters.
  • This external cost includes all the administrative procedures and the deployment of security forces to evacuate homes, interrupt land and air traffic, etc.
  • This explosive caving solution only becomes profitable from a 16-storey building about.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to remedy this lack by proposing a demolition process and equipment adapted to this height of buildings, without resorting to explosives, which allow the demolition of the building by slice of upper floors downward, not exceeding the footprint of the building on the ground, the cost of implementation of which is lower than that of the caving since it is not necessary to provide for the evacuation of a perimeter of security, or interruption of traffic, and whose completion time is less than that represented by a conventional or ball solution, or even by the manual dismantling of the building.
  • this process is safe for operators since it is not necessary to weaken the entire structure of the building, by removing the bracing.
  • the present invention relates to a demolition process characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
  • the cylinder is pressurized to push the load-bearing walls forward and at least trigger the collapse of the slabs and load-bearing walls of the upper floors. So that the jack can rest on a uniformly flat area, a sealant is injected into the rear support area of the jack to fill the existing cavities.
  • An additional step can be provided which consists in creating rupture zones in the load-bearing walls by notching them parallel to the slab, in particular in the case of walls reinforced with metal reinforcements.
  • the pushing and consolidation equipment is preferably recovered and the said steps are repeated.
  • the present invention also relates to equipment arranged for the implementation of this method characterized in that it comprises at least one thrust cylinder mounted in an opening formed in a slab by means of a chassis.
  • the chassis comprises at least one retaining plate positioned in front of the edge of the sectioned slab and fixed on two transverse profiles provided on either side of this slab.
  • the chassis may include longitudinal members arranged substantially perpendicular to the transverse profiles and fixed to the slab to rigify it.
  • a sealant is injected between the retaining plate and the edge of the slab to fill all the cavities and form a uniform support plane for the jack.
  • the chassis comprises a support plate mounted parallel to the retaining plate by means of a hinge provided at the base of these plates, this support plate comprising a barrel intended to receive the body of the actuator. push, which can be sealed in the barrel by means of at least one injected polyurethane foam.
  • the free end of the rod of the thrust cylinder advantageously comprises a partially spherical support head provided for pressing on the opposite edge of the cut slab and reinforced by at least one support profile fixed integrally.
  • the equipment comprises at least one forestay positioned in the diagonal of at least one part of the building disposed at the rear of the thrust cylinder to form a bracing.
  • This forestay may comprise at least two tubes sliding one inside the other, their free end being housed in an angle of said piece reinforced by a metal angle.
  • ⁇ is advantageously energized by at least one jack arranged between at least two brackets provided on said tubes and then fixed in position by a weld bead at the junction of the two tubes.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a building to be demolished with the positioning of the demolition equipment according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the mounting of the jack in a slab in the thrust position
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the mounting of the jack of FIG. 2 after the thrust
  • Figure 4 is a view of the mounting of a stall
  • the building 1 to be demolished consists of a set of load-bearing walls 2 commonly called sails and a set of slabs 3 defining the floors numbered in Figure 1 from the ground floor to 8th.
  • the load-bearing walls 2 and the slabs 3 schematically form a grid of rooms 4.
  • the demolition process according to the invention consists in demolishing this building from top to bottom in sections of at least two floors, and in the example three floors , by exerting on a selected floor and on one side of the building a horizontal thrust in a slab in a direction substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls, having the effect of moving and laying these load-bearing walls forward in the direction of thrust xepxentered pax the arrow P, causing the flow of the other load-bearing walls and the slabs of the upper floors which collapse on each other.
  • This slaughter operation is started three or four floors down, and so on. For an eight-story building, only two operations are necessary, the remaining parts being demolished with a hydraulic shovel.
  • This demolition process involves the following stages: 1. the slab 3 of the determined floor is cut, for example the slab of the 7th, at the same time as the load-bearing mu 2 and in an area located beyond the second load-bearing mux from the exterior mux,
  • a hydraulic thrust cylinder 10 is installed in the opening thus created, parallel to the slab 3 and perpendicular to the load-bearing walls 2, by a frame 20 which makes it possible to stiffen the rear support zone of the cylinder,
  • props 30 are put in place in the parts located at the rear of the jack and on the lower floors to make braces,
  • the hydraulic pressurization of the jack 10 is controlled to push the load-bearing walls forward and trigger the collapse of the slabs and load-bearing walls of the upper floors and the load-bearing walls of the lower floor as explained above.
  • a step can be added to the above process in which rupture zones are created by forming notches 5 in the load-bearing walls 2 parallel to the slabs 3 and at determined locations for shearing by example, the metal reinforcements which are in the form of lattices incorporated into the walls or tie rods provided at the ends of these walls.
  • the material used for the first section is recovered beforehand, namely the jacks 10, the frames 20 and the stays 30 to replace them, for example, three floors below.
  • the demohtion equipment allowing the implementation of the method described above comprises at least one thrust cylinder 10 of several tonnes (max. 100 tonnes), preferably hydraulic, a chassis of mounting 20 of the jack and braces 30 of bracing.
  • the chassis 20 for mounting the jack comprises a metalhque retaining plate 21, positioned in front of the edge 3a of the slab 3 which is cut off and fixed on two U-shaped metal profiles 22, transverse and provided on either side of this slab .
  • U-shaped metal beams 23 are provided perpendicular to the transverse profiles 22, fixed on the slab 3 to stiffen it so that it resists the thrust of the jack 10.
  • a sealing product such as rapid cement grout, is injected between the retaining plate 21 and the edge 3a of the slab to fill any cavities that may exist and form a uniform support plane for the jack 10.
  • This chassis 20 also includes a metalhque support plate 24, mounted parallel to the holding plate 21 by means of a hinge 25 provided at the base of these plates.
  • This support plate 24 comprises a metal 26 barrel intended to receive the body 11 of the thrust cylinder 10. The latter is positioned in the barrel 26 by needle screws 27 and then sealed by means of an injected polyurethane foam or any other appropriate system. An orifice 28 is arranged in the barrel 26 to receive the fittings 12 of the supply pipes of the jack 10, these fittings also intervening in the mechanical holding of the jack.
  • the free end of the rod 13 of the thrust cylinder 10 comprises a partially spherical support head 14 made for example of hardened steel and intended to press on the opposite edge 3b of the sectioned slab. This section 3b is also reinforced by a support profile 29 fixedly attached to it by means of two transverse U-shaped profiles 22.
  • the presence of the support head 14 at the end of the rod of the jack 10 enables it to provide support whatever the thrust angle which is not always precisely at 90 °.
  • the stays 30 are provided to consolidate the existing parts 4 located at the rear and on the lower floors relative to the jack 10 by forming braces.
  • Each forestay comprises two metal tubes 31, 32, preferably of square section and sliding one inside the other, provided at their free end with a round drawn profile 33 intended to be housed in a corner of the part 4 reinforced by a metal angle 34.
  • Each stay is placed in the diagonal of the part 4, tensioned by a jack 35 disposed between two brackets 36 provided on said tubes 31, 32 and fixed in position stretched by a weld bead at the junction 37 of the two tubes. After welding, the tensioning jack 35 is removed.
  • the jack 10 is held in the opening of the dahe 3 between the two sections 3a and 3b. As soon as the load-bearing walls 2 fall, the edge 3b of the slab moves away, the jack 10 is no longer held and retracts automatically under the remaining slab, according to arrow A shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, thanks to the hinge coupling the support 21 and holding plates 24. For this purpose, the near bearing wall 2 is cut to provide an opening intended to receive the jack in the rest position. The jack 10 is thus protected from falling rubble and can be reused. Similarly, the struts 30 are also recoverable after removing the weld bead which keeps them under tension.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for pulling down a storied building (1) consisting of an assembly of structural walls (2) and an assembly of slabs (3). The method comprises the following steps: sectioning the slab (3) of a predetermined storey, parallel to the structural walls (2), in a zone located beyond the structural wall next but one to the external wall; installing a push ram (10) in the resulting opening, parallel to the slab (3) and perpendicular to the structural walls (2); rigidifying the push ram (10) rear support zone; consolidating the push ram front support zone; installing at least a stay (30) in at least one of the rooms (4) located behind the push ram to form a transverse bracing; controlling the pressurisation of the push ram (10) to push forward the structural walls (2) and triggering at least the collapse of the slabs (3) and the structural walls (2) of the top storeys.

Description

PROCEDE DE DEMOLITION D'UN IMMEUBLE ET EQUIPEMENT POUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE DE CE PROCEDEPROCESS OF DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS
La présente invention concerne un procédé de démolition d'un immeuble de plusieurs étages constitué d'un ensemble de murs porteurs sensiblement parallèles entre eux appelés couramment des voiles et d'un ensemble de dalles formant les étages, les dalles étant sensiblement parallèles entre elles et sensiblement perpendiculaires auxdits murs porteurs, ce procédé consistant à démolir l'immeuble du haut vers le bas par tranche d'au moins deux étages. L'invention concerne également un équipement pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The present invention relates to a method of demolishing a multi-storey building consisting of a set of load-bearing walls which are substantially parallel to one another, commonly called sails, and a set of slabs forming the floors, the slabs being substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to said load-bearing walls, this process consisting in demolishing the building from top to bottom in sections of at least two floors. The invention also relates to equipment for implementing this method.
Pour démolir des immeubles vétustés ou tout autre bâtiment, réalisés en béton armé par exemple, on utilise généralement l'une des solutions suivantes en fonction notamment de la hauteur de l'immeuble, de son environnement, du coût et du délai de l'opération de démolition :To demolish dilapidated buildings or any other building, made of reinforced concrete for example, one of the following solutions is generally used depending in particular on the height of the building, its environment, the cost and the time of the operation demolition:
• la solution à boule, la plus ancienne, qui consiste à déformer les murs et les dalles sous l'action d'une boule massive projetée de façon répétitive contre le bâtiment, cette boule étant suspendue à l'extrémité du bras d'un engin mécanique ou d'une grue, • la solution mécanique classique : à grignotage à l'aide d'un engin de chantier hydraulique pourvu d'un bras pouvant atteindre environ 30 mètres et d'une pelle, qui est limitée à des immeubles d'environ 8 à 10 étages maximum,• the oldest ball solution, which consists of deforming walls and slabs under the action of a massive ball projected repeatedly against the building, this ball being suspended at the end of the arm of a machine mechanical or a crane, • the classic mechanical solution: nibbling using a hydraulic construction machine provided with an arm which can reach approximately 30 meters and a shovel, which is limited to buildings of about 8 to 10 floors maximum,
• la solution du foudroyage à l'explosif, qui consiste à disposer des charges explosives à des endroits prédéterminés pour provoquer l'efFondrement global du bâtiment.• the explosive caving solution, which consists of placing the explosive charges at predetermined locations to cause the overall building to collapse.
Cette dernière solution rapide et efficace est par ailleurs très coûteuse étant donné qu'il faut rajouter au coût propre des explosifs et de leur mise en place, un coût extérieur pour le repérage et le dégagement d'un périmètre de sécurité autour de l'immeuble, par exemple dans un rayon de 300 mètres. Ce coût extérieur comprend toutes les démarches administratives et le déploiement des forces de sécurité poux l'évacuation des habitations, l'interruption de la circulation terrestre et aérienne, etc. On imagine aisément les difficultés de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé pour un immeuble situé en plein coeur d'une ville. De manière connue, cette solution de foudroyage à l'explosif ne devient rentable qu'à partir d'un immeuble de 16 étages environ. De plus, elle présente certains risques pour les opérateurs lors de la mise en place des explosifs étant donné qu'ils doivent retirer l'etayage et les contreventements des murs porteurs fragilisant ainsi la tenue mécanique de l'immeuble qui peut sous l'effet d'une secousse sismique s'effondrer rapidement.This last quick and effective solution is also very expensive since it is necessary to add to the own cost of the explosives and their installation, an external cost for the location and clearing of a security perimeter around the building. , for example within a radius of 300 meters. This external cost includes all the administrative procedures and the deployment of security forces to evacuate homes, interrupt land and air traffic, etc. One can easily imagine the difficulties of implementing this process for a building located in the heart of a city. As is known, this explosive caving solution only becomes profitable from a 16-storey building about. In addition, it presents certain risks for operators when placing explosives since they must remove the shoring and bracing of load-bearing walls, thus weakening the mechanical strength of the building which can under the effect of 'a seismic tremor collapse quickly.
Il n'existe a priori aucune autre solution rentable en coût et en délai pour des immeubles compris entre 10 et 16 étages, représentant un marché potentiel d'environ 95 % des immeubles.A priori, there is no other cost-effective and time-efficient solution for buildings between 10 and 16 floors, representing a potential market of around 95% of buildings.
Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à ce manque en proposant un procédé et un équipement de démolition adaptés à cette hauteur d'immeubles, sans recourir à des explosifs, qui permettent la démolition de l'immeuble par tranche d'étages du haut vers le bas, ne dépassant pas l'emprise de l'immeuble au sol, dont le coût de mise en oeuvre est inférieur à celui du foudroyage étant donné qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir l'évacuation d'un périmètre de sécurité, ni rinterruption de la circulation, et dont le délai de réalisation est inférieur à celui représenté par une solution classique ou à boule, voire par le démontage manuel de l'immeuble. Par ailleurs, ce procédé est sans danger pour les opérateurs étant donné qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de fragiliser toute la structure de l'immeuble, par la suppression des contreventements.The purpose of the present invention is to remedy this lack by proposing a demolition process and equipment adapted to this height of buildings, without resorting to explosives, which allow the demolition of the building by slice of upper floors downward, not exceeding the footprint of the building on the ground, the cost of implementation of which is lower than that of the caving since it is not necessary to provide for the evacuation of a perimeter of security, or interruption of traffic, and whose completion time is less than that represented by a conventional or ball solution, or even by the manual dismantling of the building. In addition, this process is safe for operators since it is not necessary to weaken the entire structure of the building, by removing the bracing.
Dans ce but, la présente invention concerne un procédé de démolition caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :To this end, the present invention relates to a demolition process characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
• on tronçonne la dalle d'un étage déterminé, parallèlement aux murs porteurs, dans une zone située au-delà du deuxième mur porteur à partir du mur extérieur, • on installe un vérin de poussée dans l'ouverture ainsi créée, sensiblement parallèlement à la dalle et sensiblement perpendiculairement aux murs porteurs,• the slab of a determined floor is cut, parallel to the load-bearing walls, in an area located beyond the second load-bearing wall from the exterior wall, • a thrust cylinder is installed in the opening thus created, substantially parallel to the slab and substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls,
• on rigidifie la zone d'appui arrière du vérin,• the rear support area of the jack is stiffened,
• on consolide la zone d'appui avant de la tige du vérin,• the front support area of the cylinder rod is consolidated,
• on met en place au moins un étai dans au moins une pièce située à l'arrière du vérin pour former un contreventement,• at least one forestay is put in place in at least one part located at the rear of the jack to form a brace,
• on commande la mise sous pression du vérin pour pousser les murs porteurs en avant et déclencher au moins l'écroulement des dalles et des murs porteurs des étages supérieurs. Pour que le vérin puisse s'appuyer sur une zone uniformément plane, on injecte un produit de scellement dans la zone d'appui arrière du vérin pour combler les cavités existantes.• the cylinder is pressurized to push the load-bearing walls forward and at least trigger the collapse of the slabs and load-bearing walls of the upper floors. So that the jack can rest on a uniformly flat area, a sealant is injected into the rear support area of the jack to fill the existing cavities.
On peut prévoir une étape supplémentaire qui consiste à créer des zones de rupture dans les murs porteurs en les entaillant parallèlement à la dalle, notamment dans le cas de murs renforcés par des armatures métalliques.An additional step can be provided which consists in creating rupture zones in the load-bearing walls by notching them parallel to the slab, in particular in the case of walls reinforced with metal reinforcements.
Après la démolition d'une première tranche d'étages, on récupère de préférence le matériel de poussée et de consolidation et on recommence lesdites étapes.After the demolition of a first section of floors, the pushing and consolidation equipment is preferably recovered and the said steps are repeated.
La présente invention concerne également un équipement agencé pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un vérin de poussée monté dans une ouverture formée dans une dalle au moyen d'un châssis.The present invention also relates to equipment arranged for the implementation of this method characterized in that it comprises at least one thrust cylinder mounted in an opening formed in a slab by means of a chassis.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le châssis comporte au moins une plaque de maintien positionnée devant la tranche de la dalle tronçonnée et fixée sur deux profilés transversaux prévus de part et d'autre de cette dalle.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chassis comprises at least one retaining plate positioned in front of the edge of the sectioned slab and fixed on two transverse profiles provided on either side of this slab.
Le châssis peut comporter des longerons disposés sensiblement perpendiculairement aux profilés transversaux et fixés sur la dalle pour la rigjdifier.The chassis may include longitudinal members arranged substantially perpendicular to the transverse profiles and fixed to the slab to rigify it.
De préférence, un produit de scellement est injecté entre la plaque de maintien et la tranche de la dalle pour combler toutes les cavités et former un plan d'appui uniforme pour le vérin.Preferably, a sealant is injected between the retaining plate and the edge of the slab to fill all the cavities and form a uniform support plane for the jack.
Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, le châssis comporte une plaque de support montée parallèlement à la plaque de maintien au moyen d'une charnière prévue à la base de ces plaques, cette plaque de support comportant un fût destiné à recevoir le corps du vérin de poussée, qui peut être scellé dans le fût au moyen d'au moins une mousse de polyuréthanne injectée.In the preferred embodiment, the chassis comprises a support plate mounted parallel to the retaining plate by means of a hinge provided at the base of these plates, this support plate comprising a barrel intended to receive the body of the actuator. push, which can be sealed in the barrel by means of at least one injected polyurethane foam.
L'extrémité libre de la tige du vérin de poussée comporte avantageusement une tête d'appui partiellement sphérique prévue pour appuyer sur la tranche opposée de la dalle tronçonnée et renforcée par au moins un profilé d'appui fixé solidairement. Dans la forme de réahsation préférée de l'invention, l'équipement comporte au moins un étai positionné dans la diagonale d'au moins une pièce de l'immeuble disposé à l'arrière du vérin de poussée pour former un contreventement.The free end of the rod of the thrust cylinder advantageously comprises a partially spherical support head provided for pressing on the opposite edge of the cut slab and reinforced by at least one support profile fixed integrally. In the preferred form of reahsation of the invention, the equipment comprises at least one forestay positioned in the diagonal of at least one part of the building disposed at the rear of the thrust cylinder to form a bracing.
Cet l'étai peut comporter au moins deux tubes coulissant l'un dans l'autre, leur extrémité libre se logeant dans un angle de ladite pièce renforcé par une cornière métalhque. ϋ est avantageusement mis sous tension par au moins un vérin disposé entre au moins deux équerres prévues sur lesdits tubes puis fixé en position par un cordon de soudure à la jonction des deux tubes.This forestay may comprise at least two tubes sliding one inside the other, their free end being housed in an angle of said piece reinforced by a metal angle. ϋ is advantageously energized by at least one jack arranged between at least two brackets provided on said tubes and then fixed in position by a weld bead at the junction of the two tubes.
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :The present invention and its advantages will appear more clearly in the following description of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 représente schématiquement un immeuble à démolir avec le positionnement de l'équipement de démolition selon l'invention,FIG. 1 schematically represents a building to be demolished with the positioning of the demolition equipment according to the invention,
la figure 2 est une vue du montage du vérin dans une dalle en position de poussée,FIG. 2 is a view of the mounting of the jack in a slab in the thrust position,
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du montage du vérin de la figure 2 après la poussée, etFIG. 3 is a perspective view of the mounting of the jack of FIG. 2 after the thrust, and
la figure 4 est une vue du montage d'un étalFigure 4 is a view of the mounting of a stall
En référence à la figure 1, l'immeuble 1 à démolir est constitué d'un ensemble de murs porteurs 2 appelés couramment des voiles et d'un ensemble de dalles 3 définissant les étages numérotés sur la figure 1 du rez-de-chaussée au 8ème. Les murs porteurs 2 et les dalles 3 forment schématiquement un quadrillage de pièces 4. Le procédé de démolition selon l'invention consiste à démolir cet immeuble du haut vers le bas par tranche d'au moins deux étages, et dans l'exemple trois étages, en exerçant à un étage choisi et d'un côté de l'immeuble une poussée horizontale dans une dalle selon une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux murs porteurs, ayant poux effet de déplacer et de coucher ces murs porteurs en avant dans le sens de poussée xepxésenté pax la flèche P, entxaînant l'écxoulement des autres murs porteurs et des dalles des étages supérieurs qui s'affaissent les uns su les autxes. Cette opération d'abattage est recommencée trois ou quatre étages plus bas et ainsi de suite. Pour un immeuble de huit étages, seules deux opérations sont nécessaires, les parties restantes étant démolies à la pelle hydraulique. Ce pxocédé de démolition piévoit les étapes suivantes : 1. on tronçonne la dalle 3 de l'étage déteπniné, par exemple la dalle du 7e, paxallèlement aux mu s porteurs 2 et dans une zone située au-delà du deuxième mux porteux à partir du mux extérieur,Referring to Figure 1, the building 1 to be demolished consists of a set of load-bearing walls 2 commonly called sails and a set of slabs 3 defining the floors numbered in Figure 1 from the ground floor to 8th. The load-bearing walls 2 and the slabs 3 schematically form a grid of rooms 4. The demolition process according to the invention consists in demolishing this building from top to bottom in sections of at least two floors, and in the example three floors , by exerting on a selected floor and on one side of the building a horizontal thrust in a slab in a direction substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls, having the effect of moving and laying these load-bearing walls forward in the direction of thrust xepxentered pax the arrow P, causing the flow of the other load-bearing walls and the slabs of the upper floors which collapse on each other. This slaughter operation is started three or four floors down, and so on. For an eight-story building, only two operations are necessary, the remaining parts being demolished with a hydraulic shovel. This demolition process involves the following stages: 1. the slab 3 of the determined floor is cut, for example the slab of the 7th, at the same time as the load-bearing mu 2 and in an area located beyond the second load-bearing mux from the exterior mux,
2. on installe un vérin de poussée 10 hydraulique dans l'ouverture ainsi créée, parallèlement à la dalle 3 et perpendiculairement aux murs porteurs 2, par un châssis 20 qui permet de rigidifier la zone d'appui arrière du vérin,2. a hydraulic thrust cylinder 10 is installed in the opening thus created, parallel to the slab 3 and perpendicular to the load-bearing walls 2, by a frame 20 which makes it possible to stiffen the rear support zone of the cylinder,
3. on consolide l'appui avant de la tige du vérin,3. the front support of the cylinder rod is consolidated,
4. on met en place des étais 30 dans les pièces situées à l'arrièxe du vérin et aux étages inférieurs pour réaliser des contreventements,4. props 30 are put in place in the parts located at the rear of the jack and on the lower floors to make braces,
5. on commande la mise sous pression hydraulique du vérin 10 pour pousser les murs porteurs en avant et déclencher l'écroulement des dalles et des murs porteurs des étages supérieurs et les murs porteurs de l'étage inférieur comme expliqué ci- dessus.5. the hydraulic pressurization of the jack 10 is controlled to push the load-bearing walls forward and trigger the collapse of the slabs and load-bearing walls of the upper floors and the load-bearing walls of the lower floor as explained above.
Il est bien entendu, qu'en fonction de la largeur de l'immeuble, on installe plusieurs vérins 10 en parallèle pour répartir la force de poussée sur toute sa largeur.It is understood that, depending on the width of the building, several jacks 10 are installed in parallel to distribute the thrust force over its entire width.
Pour faciliter l'abattage des murs porteurs 2, on peut ajouter une étape au procédé ci- dessus dans laquelle on crée des zones de rupture en formant des entailles 5 dans les murs porteurs 2 parallèlement aux dalles 3 et à des endroits déterminés pour cisailler par exemple les armatures métalliques qui sont sous forme de treillis incorporés aux murs ou de tirants prévus aux extrémités de ces murs.To facilitate the felling of load-bearing walls 2, a step can be added to the above process in which rupture zones are created by forming notches 5 in the load-bearing walls 2 parallel to the slabs 3 and at determined locations for shearing by example, the metal reinforcements which are in the form of lattices incorporated into the walls or tie rods provided at the ends of these walls.
Pour démolir la deuxième tranche d'étages, on récupère préalablement le matériel utilisé pour la première tranche, à savoir les vérins 10, les châssis 20 et les étais 30 pour les remettre en place, par exemple, trois étages plus bas.To demolish the second section of floors, the material used for the first section is recovered beforehand, namely the jacks 10, the frames 20 and the stays 30 to replace them, for example, three floors below.
On comprend aisément que ce procédé de démolition assimilable à la démolition d'un château de cartes permet la démolition de l'immeuble du haut vers le bas en restant sensiblement dans l'axe de l'immeuble sans sortir pratiquement de l'emprise au sol de l'immeuble. Un périmètre de sécurité minimal d'environ 3 mètres autour du site est suffisant. En référence également aux figures 2 à 4, l'équipement de demohtion permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit ci-dessus comporte au moins un vérin de poussée 10 de plusieurs tonnes (max. 100 tonnes), hydraulique de préférence, un châssis de montage 20 du vérin et des étais 30 de contreventement.It is easy to understand that this demolition process comparable to the demolition of a house of cards allows the demolition of the building from top to bottom while remaining substantially in the axis of the building without practically leaving the footprint of the building. A minimum security perimeter of around 3 meters around the site is sufficient. With reference also to FIGS. 2 to 4, the demohtion equipment allowing the implementation of the method described above comprises at least one thrust cylinder 10 of several tonnes (max. 100 tonnes), preferably hydraulic, a chassis of mounting 20 of the jack and braces 30 of bracing.
Le châssis 20 de montage du vérin comporte une plaque de maintien 21, métalhque, positionnée devant la tranche 3a de la dalle 3 tronçonnée et fixée sur deux profilés 22 métalhques en forme de U, transversaux et prévus de part et d'autre de cette dalle. Des longerons 23 métalhques en forme de U sont prévus perpendiculairement aux profilés transversaux 22, fixés sur la dalle 3 pour la rigidifier afin qu'elle résiste à la poussée du vérin 10. Un produit de scellement, tel que du coulis de ciment rapide, est injecté entre la plaque de maintien 21 et la tranche 3a de la dalle pour combler toutes les cavités pouvant exister et former un plan d'appui uniforme pour le vérin 10. Ce châssis 20 comporte également une plaque de support 24 métalhque, montée parallèlement à la plaque de maintien 21 au moyen d'une charnière 25 prévue à la base de ces plaques. Cette plaque de support 24 comporte un fût 26, métalhque, destiné à recevoir le corps 11 du vérin de poussée 10. Ce dernier est positionné dans le fût 26 par des vis pointeaux 27 puis scellé au moyen d'une mousse de polyuréthanne injectée ou de tout autre système approprié. Un orifice 28 est aménagé dans le fût 26 pour recevoir les raccords 12 des tuyaux d'alimentation du vérin 10, ces raccords intervenant également dans le maintien mécanique du vérin. L'extrémité libre de la tige 13 du vérin de poussée 10 comporte une tête d'appui 14 partiellement sphérique réalisée par exemple en acier trempé et prévue pour appuyer sur la tranche opposée 3b de la dalle tronçonnée. Cette tranche 3b est également renforcée par un profilé d'appui 29 fixé solidairement sur elle au moyen de deux profilés 22 en U transversaux.The chassis 20 for mounting the jack comprises a metalhque retaining plate 21, positioned in front of the edge 3a of the slab 3 which is cut off and fixed on two U-shaped metal profiles 22, transverse and provided on either side of this slab . U-shaped metal beams 23 are provided perpendicular to the transverse profiles 22, fixed on the slab 3 to stiffen it so that it resists the thrust of the jack 10. A sealing product, such as rapid cement grout, is injected between the retaining plate 21 and the edge 3a of the slab to fill any cavities that may exist and form a uniform support plane for the jack 10. This chassis 20 also includes a metalhque support plate 24, mounted parallel to the holding plate 21 by means of a hinge 25 provided at the base of these plates. This support plate 24 comprises a metal 26 barrel intended to receive the body 11 of the thrust cylinder 10. The latter is positioned in the barrel 26 by needle screws 27 and then sealed by means of an injected polyurethane foam or any other appropriate system. An orifice 28 is arranged in the barrel 26 to receive the fittings 12 of the supply pipes of the jack 10, these fittings also intervening in the mechanical holding of the jack. The free end of the rod 13 of the thrust cylinder 10 comprises a partially spherical support head 14 made for example of hardened steel and intended to press on the opposite edge 3b of the sectioned slab. This section 3b is also reinforced by a support profile 29 fixedly attached to it by means of two transverse U-shaped profiles 22.
La présence de la tête d'appui 14 à l'extrémité de la tige du vérin 10 lui permet d'assurer un appui quelque soit l'angle de poussée qui n'est pas toujours précisément à 90°. Les étais 30 sont prévus pour consolider les pièces 4 existantes situées à l'arrière et aux étages inférieurs par rapport au vérin 10 en formant des contreventements. Chaque étai comporte deux tubes 31, 32 métalhques, de section carrée de préférence et coulissant l'un dans l'autre, pourvus à leur extrémité libre d'un profilé tiré rond 33 destiné à se loger dans un angle de la pièce 4 renforcé par une cornière métalhque 34. Chaque étai est placé dans la diagonale de la pièce 4, mis sous tension par un vérin 35 disposé entre deux équerres 36 prévues sur lesdits tubes 31, 32 et fixé en position tendue par un cordon de soudure à la jonction 37 des deux tubes. Après soudure, le vérin 35 de mise sous tension est retiré.The presence of the support head 14 at the end of the rod of the jack 10 enables it to provide support whatever the thrust angle which is not always precisely at 90 °. The stays 30 are provided to consolidate the existing parts 4 located at the rear and on the lower floors relative to the jack 10 by forming braces. Each forestay comprises two metal tubes 31, 32, preferably of square section and sliding one inside the other, provided at their free end with a round drawn profile 33 intended to be housed in a corner of the part 4 reinforced by a metal angle 34. Each stay is placed in the diagonal of the part 4, tensioned by a jack 35 disposed between two brackets 36 provided on said tubes 31, 32 and fixed in position stretched by a weld bead at the junction 37 of the two tubes. After welding, the tensioning jack 35 is removed.
Lors de l'abattage et pendant la poussée, le vérin 10 est maintenu dans l'ouverture de la dahe 3 entre les deux tranches 3 a et 3b. Dès la chute des murs porteurs 2, la tranche 3b de la dalle s'éloigne, le vérin 10 n'est plus maintenu et s'escamote automatiquement sous la dalle restante, selon la flèche A représentée dans les figures 1 et 3, grâce à la charnière couplant les plaques de support 21 et de maintien 24. A cet effet, le mur porteur 2 proche est découpé pour ménager une ouverture destinée à recevoir le vérin en position repos. Le vérin 10 est ainsi protégé des chutes de gravât et peut être réutilisé. De même, les étais 30 sont également récupérables après avoir enlevé le cordon de soudure qui les maintient sous tension.During felling and during pushing, the jack 10 is held in the opening of the dahe 3 between the two sections 3a and 3b. As soon as the load-bearing walls 2 fall, the edge 3b of the slab moves away, the jack 10 is no longer held and retracts automatically under the remaining slab, according to arrow A shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, thanks to the hinge coupling the support 21 and holding plates 24. For this purpose, the near bearing wall 2 is cut to provide an opening intended to receive the jack in the rest position. The jack 10 is thus protected from falling rubble and can be reused. Similarly, the struts 30 are also recoverable after removing the weld bead which keeps them under tension.
Cette description montre clairement que tous les buts mentionnés plus haut sont atteints par l'invention.This description clearly shows that all the objects mentioned above are achieved by the invention.
La présente invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit mais s'étend à toute modification et variante évidente pour un homme du métier. Notamment, le nombre des pièces, leurs forme et dimensions, leur emplacement peuvent varier tout en restant dans le champ de protection défini par les revendications annexées. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the number of parts, their shape and dimensions, their location can vary while remaining within the protective field defined by the appended claims.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé de demohtion d'un immeuble (1) de plusieurs étages constitué d'un ensemble de murs porteurs (2) sensiblement parallèles entre eux appelés couramment des voiles et d'un ensemble de dalles (3) formant les étages, les dalles étant sensiblement parallèles entre elles et sensiblement perpendiculaires auxdits murs porteurs, ce procédé consistant à démolir l'immeuble du haut vers le bas par tranche d'au moins deux étages, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :1. Method of demohtion of a building (1) of several floors consisting of a set of load-bearing walls (2) substantially parallel to each other commonly called sails and a set of slabs (3) forming the floors, the slabs being substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to said load-bearing walls, this process consisting in demolishing the building from top to bottom in sections of at least two floors, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• on tronçonne la dahe (3) d'un étage déterminé, parallèlement aux murs porteurs (2), dans une zone située au-delà du deuxième mur porteur à partir du mur extérieur,• the dahe (3) of a determined stage is cut off, parallel to the load-bearing walls (2), in an area located beyond the second load-bearing wall from the outside wall,
• on installe un vérin de poussée (10) dans l'ouverture ainsi créée, sensiblement parallèlement à la dahe (3) et sensiblement perpendiculairement aux murs porteurs• a thrust cylinder (10) is installed in the opening thus created, substantially parallel to the dahe (3) and substantially perpendicular to the load-bearing walls
(2), • on rigidifie la zone d'appui arrière du vérin (10),(2), • the rear support zone of the jack (10) is stiffened,
• on consolide la zone d'appui avant de la tige du vérin,• the front support area of the cylinder rod is consolidated,
• on met en place au moins un étai (30) dans au moins une pièce (4) située à l'arrière du vérin pour former un contreventement,• at least one forestay (30) is put in place in at least one part (4) located at the rear of the jack to form a brace,
• on commande la mise sous pression du vérin (10) pour pousser les murs porteurs (2) en avant et déclencher au moins l'écroulement des dalles (3) et des murs porteurs (2) des étages supérieurs.• the pressurization of the jack (10) is controlled to push the load-bearing walls (2) forward and at least trigger the collapse of the slabs (3) and the load-bearing walls (2) of the upper floors.
2. Procédé de demohtion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte un produit de scellement dans la zone d'appui arrière du vérin.2. demohtion method according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealant is injected into the rear support area of the jack.
3. Procédé de demohtion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit une étape supplémentaire qui consiste à créer des zones de rupture (5) dans les murs porteurs (2) en les entaillant parallèlement à la dalle (3).3. demohtion method according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional step is provided which consists in creating rupture zones (5) in the load-bearing walls (2) by notching them parallel to the slab (3).
4. Procédé de demohtion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, après la demohtion d'une première tranche d'étages, on récupère le matériel de poussée (10) et de consolidation et on recommence lesdites étapes.4. demohtion method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the demohtion of a first section of stages, the pushing material (10) and consolidation is recovered and said steps are repeated.
5. Equipement de demohtion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un vérin de poussée (10) monté au moyen d'un châssis (20) dans une ouverture formée dans une dalle (3).5. Demohtion equipment for implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least a thrust cylinder (10) mounted by means of a frame (20) in an opening formed in a slab (3).
6. Equipement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le châssis (20) comporte au moins une plaque de maintien (21) positionnée devant la tranche (3a) de la dahe tronçonnée et fixée sur deux profilés transversaux (22) prévus de part et d'autre de cette dalle (3).6. Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame (20) comprises at least one retaining plate (21) positioned in front of the edge (3a) of the sectioned dahe and fixed on two transverse sections (22) provided on the side and other of this slab (3).
7. Equipement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le châssis (20) comporte des longerons (23) disposés sensiblement perpendiculairement aux profilés transversaux (22) et fixés sur la dalle (3) pour la rigidifier.7. Equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that the chassis (20) comprises longitudinal members (23) arranged substantially perpendicular to the transverse profiles (22) and fixed on the slab (3) to stiffen it.
8. Equipement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un produit de scellement injecté entre la plaque de maintien (21) et la tranche (3a) de la dahe pour combler toutes les cavités et former un plan d'appui uniforme pour le vérin.8. Equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a sealant injected between the retaining plate (21) and the edge (3a) of the dahe to fill all the cavities and form a uniform support plane for the cylinder.
9. Equipement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le châssis (20) comporte une plaque de support (24) montée parallèlement à la plaque de maintien (21) au moyen d'une charnière (25) prévue à la base de ces plaques, cette plaque de support comportant un fût (26) destiné à recevoir le corps ( 11) du vérin de poussée ( 10).9. Equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that the frame (20) comprises a support plate (24) mounted parallel to the holding plate (21) by means of a hinge (25) provided at the base of these plates, this support plate comprising a barrel (26) intended to receive the body (11) of the thrust cylinder (10).
10. Equipement selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le corps (11) du vérin (10) est scellé dans le fût (26) au moyen au moins d'une mousse de polyuréthanne injectée.10. Equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that the body (11) of the jack (10) is sealed in the barrel (26) by means of at least one injected polyurethane foam.
11. Equipement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l' extrémité hbre de la tige (13) du vérin de poussée (10) comporte une tête d'appui (14) partiellement sphérique prévue pour appuyer sur la tranche (3b) opposée de la dalle (3) tronçonnée.11. Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the rod shaft (13) of the thrust cylinder (10) comprises a support head (14) partially spherical provided to press on the edge (3b) opposite of the slab (3) cut.
12. Equipement selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la tranche opposée12. Equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that the opposite edge
(3b) de la dalle est renforcée par au moins un profilé d'appui (29) fixé solidairement.(3b) of the slab is reinforced by at least one support profile (29) fixed integrally.
13. Equipement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un étai (30) positionné dans la diagonale d'au moins une pièce (4) de l'immeuble disposé à l'arrière du vérin de poussée (10) pour former un contreventement. 13. Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one forestay (30) positioned in the diagonal of at least one room (4) of the building disposed at the rear of the thrust cylinder (10 ) to form a brace.
14. Equipement selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'étai (30) comporte au moins deux tubes (31, 32) coulissant l'un dans l'autre, leur extrémité hbre se logeant dans un angle de ladite pièce renforcé par une cornière métalhque (34).14. Equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that the forestay (30) comprises at least two tubes (31, 32) sliding one inside the other, their hbre end being housed in an angle of said piece reinforced by a metal angle (34).
15. Equipement selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'étai (30) est mis sous tension par au moins un vérin (35) disposé entre au moins deux equerres (36) prévues sur lesdits tubes puis fixé en position par un cordon de soudure à la jonction (37) des deux tubes (31, 32). 15. Equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that the forestay (30) is tensioned by at least one jack (35) disposed between at least two brackets (36) provided on said tubes and then fixed in position by a cord welding at the junction (37) of the two tubes (31, 32).
EP98920576A 1997-04-09 1998-04-07 Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same Expired - Lifetime EP0973984B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9704573A FR2762032B1 (en) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 PROCESS OF DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS
FR9704573 1997-04-09
PCT/FR1998/000696 WO1998045551A1 (en) 1997-04-09 1998-04-07 Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same

Publications (2)

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EP0973984A1 true EP0973984A1 (en) 2000-01-26
EP0973984B1 EP0973984B1 (en) 2002-01-09

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EP98920576A Expired - Lifetime EP0973984B1 (en) 1997-04-09 1998-04-07 Method for pulling down a building and equipment for implementing same

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EP (1) EP0973984B1 (en)
AU (1) AU7339098A (en)
DE (1) DE69803446T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2171295T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2762032B1 (en)
PT (1) PT973984E (en)
WO (1) WO1998045551A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013124545A1 (en) 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Colas Method of demolition by jacking, chassis for (a) jack(s) and thrusting and bracing apparatuses

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2813627B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2003-10-31 Jean Claude Philip GAS EXPANSION ACTUATOR DEVICE FOR BUILDING DEMOLITION
NL1020143C2 (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-12 A Van Der Wal Sloopwerken B V System and method for demolishing buildings.

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FR917320A (en) * 1945-06-21 1947-01-03 Marseillaise Des Entpr S Chauf Rapid means of demolition of important works of masonry, concrete or other building materials, characterized by thick walls or of great length or great height
JPS535463B2 (en) * 1972-09-08 1978-02-27
DE29502966U1 (en) * 1995-02-22 1995-06-14 LOG Hydraulik GmbH, 84051 Essenbach Device for breaking through walls or the like.

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013124545A1 (en) 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Colas Method of demolition by jacking, chassis for (a) jack(s) and thrusting and bracing apparatuses

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Publication number Publication date
FR2762032B1 (en) 1999-06-18
ES2171295T3 (en) 2002-09-01
FR2762032A1 (en) 1998-10-16
EP0973984B1 (en) 2002-01-09
DE69803446T2 (en) 2002-09-12
PT973984E (en) 2002-07-31
AU7339098A (en) 1998-10-30
WO1998045551A1 (en) 1998-10-15
DE69803446D1 (en) 2002-02-28

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