EP0958049A1 - Method for regenerating catalysts - Google Patents

Method for regenerating catalysts

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Publication number
EP0958049A1
EP0958049A1 EP97911226A EP97911226A EP0958049A1 EP 0958049 A1 EP0958049 A1 EP 0958049A1 EP 97911226 A EP97911226 A EP 97911226A EP 97911226 A EP97911226 A EP 97911226A EP 0958049 A1 EP0958049 A1 EP 0958049A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
hydrogen peroxide
process according
reaction
synthesis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP97911226A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Gilbeau
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Solvay SA
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Solvay SA
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Publication of EP0958049A1 publication Critical patent/EP0958049A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/90—Regeneration or reactivation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
    • B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
    • B01J38/70—Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
    • C07D301/12—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a process for the regeneration of catalysts of the titanium silicalite type, catalysts used in particular in reactions between hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reactant.
  • titanium silicalite as a catalyst, in particular in oxidation reactions of saturated hydrocarbons to form alcohols or ketones, as described in European patent application EP-A-376453 or in reactions of epoxidation of olefins, as described in patent application EP-A-1001 19 or also in hydroxylation reactions of aromatic compounds as reported in application EP-A-200260.
  • the activity of these catalysts however drops rapidly. It therefore appears essential to have a means of regenerating them in order to be able to use them repeatedly.
  • Patent application JP 03/1 14536 describes a process for regenerating catalysts of the titanium silicalite type by washing with methanol, ketones or benzene. However, this regeneration process does not allow the initial catalytic activity of the catalyst to be recovered quickly and completely.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for regenerating catalysts of the titanium silicalite type which is more efficient than the known process. Consequently, the invention relates to a process for regenerating a catalyst of the titanium silicalite type, comprising a treatment of the spent catalyst with a liquid solution, which is characterized in that the liquid solution comprises at least one oxidizing agent chosen from hydrogen peroxide, ozone and organic peroxide compounds.
  • organic peroxides which can be used in the process according to the invention are performic acid, peracetic acid and perfluoroperacetic acid. Hydrogen peroxide is preferred.
  • the titanium silicalite type catalysts to which the regeneration process according to the invention applies are crystalline synthetic materials with a structure similar to that of zeolites, comprising oxides of silicon and titanium and characterized by an infrared absorption band at about 950-960 cm-1.
  • Their general formula is typically: xTiO 2 (lx) SiO 2 in which x is between 0.0001 and 0.5, preferably between 0.001 and 0.05
  • TS-1 Materials of this type, known as TS-1, have a microporous crystalline zeolitic structure analogous to that of zeolite ZSM-5
  • the properties and the main applications of these compounds are known (B Notari, Structure-Activity and Selectivity Relationship in Heterogeneous Catalysis; RK Grasselli and AW Sleight Editors, Elsevier, 1991, p 243- 256)
  • Their synthesis has been studied in particular by A Van der Poel and J Van Hooff (Applied Catalysis A, 1992, Volume 92, pages 93-1 11)
  • Other materials of this type have a structure analogous to that of zeolite beta or of zeolite ZSM-1 1
  • the liquid regeneration solution may consist essentially of the oxidizing agent.
  • it may further comprise a additive or a solvent for the oxidizing agent, that is to say a compound with which the oxidizing agent is completely miscible If necessary, said additive or solvent must be inert with respect to the oxidizing agent, in regeneration conditions
  • a polar solvent such as a halogenated solvent, for example trichloromethane, or water is very suitable as solvent for the oxidizing agent Water is particularly advantageous When the used catalyst has been used in a reaction using hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reagent, the regeneration treatment is generally carried out in the substantial absence of the organic co-reagent
  • the liquid solution generally does not contain more than 90% by weight of oxidizing agent.
  • a solution containing not more than 50% by weight of oxidizing agent is used.
  • a solution containing not more than 20 % by weight of oxidizing agent is used Generally, the liquid solution contains at least 0.5% by weight of oxidizing agent
  • it contains at least 1%.
  • a very particularly preferred solution in the process according to the invention is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide titrating from 1 to 10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, preferably from 2 to 5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide
  • the treatment of the catalyst with the liquid regeneration solution can be carried out by any suitable means, for example by immersion of the catalyst in the liquid solution when the latter is in the form of dispersed particles or by passage of said solution through the catalyst bed when it is used in a fixed bed Generally, 0.25 to 50 liters of liquid solution is used per kilo of catalyst to be treated. Preferably, 0.5 to 10 liters are used per kilo of catalyst.
  • the oxidizing agent can be introduced during the treatment continuously, discontinuously (by successive introductions of several doses of oxidizing agent) or by introduction of a single dose of oxidizing agent at the start of the treatment.
  • the treatment of the catalyst with the liquid solution is generally carried out at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solution.
  • a regeneration temperature of at least 50 ° C and not exceeding 100 ° C is preferred.
  • Treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a temperature close to about 90 ° C has given excellent results.
  • the pressure at which the process according to the invention is carried out is not critical in itself as long as it is sufficient to maintain the solution essentially in liquid form.
  • the process for regenerating the catalyst comprises washing the catalyst prior to treatment with the liquid solution containing the oxidizing agent in order to remove substantially all of the compounds with which the catalyst has been in contact in the reaction in which it has been implemented. Washing consists in bringing the catalyst into contact with water or with an organic compound.
  • Organic compounds are preferred. These indeed make it possible to avoid the formation of two distinct phases. In addition, they have a high solubility of the organic compounds responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts.
  • the organic compounds can be chosen from aliphatic, cyclic, aromatic, alcoholic organic diluents. They preferably contain up to 20 carbon atoms. Alcohols are fine. Methanol is particularly preferred. It can be interesting to use, for washing, the diluent used when using the catalyst
  • the washing temperature is generally 25 ° C. at the boiling temperature of the organic washing compound. This washing is carried out by bringing the catalyst into contact with water or with the organic compound for a period of 5 minutes to 2 hours. Preferably, the washing step does not exceed 30 minutes. In a particularly advantageous manner, the washing comprises a first washing step with an organic compound and a second washing step with water.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to restore almost all the initial activity of the catalyst by a short-term treatment
  • Controlling the pH during treatment can be advantageous This in fact makes it possible to avoid corrosion of the equipment used for the treatment In addition, this makes it possible, when the catalyst is dispersed in a binder, to prevent attack binder by the acids released during the treatment
  • a control of the pH also makes it possible to limit the decomposition of the oxidizing agent by metals released during the treatment
  • the pH is maintained at a value of at least 2, in particular at minus 4
  • the pH does not usually exceed 8, preferably 7
  • alkaline pHs can affect the activity of the catalyst.
  • the operation is preferably carried out at a pH maintained in the range from 2 to 8, more particularly from 4 to 7. pH can be controlled by adding alkali, for example sodium hydroxide
  • the process according to the invention applies to used titanium silicalite catalysts, in particular those used in a reaction using hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reagent, in particular those used in epoxidation reactions of olefins, hydroxylation of aromatic compounds or oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. It applies more particularly to catalysts used in olefin epoxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide. It is particularly applicable to catalysts used in the epoxidation reaction of allyl chloride to epichlorohydrin. In addition, the process can be applied to catalysts used in the epoxidation reaction of propylene to propylene oxide by means of hydrogen peroxide
  • the invention therefore also relates to a process for the synthesis of epoxides by reaction between an olefin and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst regenerated by means of the regeneration process described above, in which a liquid effluent from the synthesis of epoxides is recycled and used for the regeneration of the catalyst.
  • Example 1 The invention is more fully illustrated in the following nonlimiting examples.
  • Example 1 The invention is more fully illustrated in the following nonlimiting examples.
  • the catalyst was washed in a similar manner with water at 75 ° C. The water was removed, then the catalyst was treated analogously with a 3.5% by weight aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at 85 ° C for 1 hour. The aqueous solution was drained and the reactor was again supplied with the solution of allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in methanol, under the conditions set out above. 11 cycles such as that described above for use / regeneration of the catalyst were carried out. At each cycle, the activity of the regenerated catalyst was measured by determining the amount of epichlorohydrin produced under these conditions before the conversion rate of hydrogen peroxide fell again by 25% compared to its initial value measured after one hour walk. A constant activity of 127 grams of epichlorohydrin was observed during each of the 11 cycles.
  • Example 2 Example 2
  • Example 1 was repeated, but using a liquid solution containing 1.06% hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of 86 ° C.
  • the yield of epichlorohydrin was 117 grams.
  • Example 3 (comparison)
  • Example 1 was repeated but using as liquid solution water free of hydrogen peroxide at 85 ° C for 1 hour.
  • the yield of epichlorohydrin was 90 grams.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for regenerating titanium silicalite catalysts used in particular in the oxidising reactions of saturated hydrocarbons or epoxidation of olefins by treatment with a liquid solution containing an oxidising agent.

Description

Procédé de régénération de catalyseurs Method for regenerating catalysts
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de régénération de catalyseurs de type silicalite au titane, catalyseurs utilisés notamment dans des réactions entre du peroxyde d'hydrogène et un co-réactif organique.The subject of the present invention is a process for the regeneration of catalysts of the titanium silicalite type, catalysts used in particular in reactions between hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reactant.
Il est connu d'utiliser une silicalite au titane comme catalyseur, notamment dans des réactions d'oxydation d'hydrocarbures saturés pour former des alcools ou des cétones, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP-A-376453 ou dans des réactions d'époxydation d'oléfines, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet EP-A-1001 19 ou encore dans des réactions d'hydroxylation de composés aromatiques comme signalé dans la demande EP-A-200260. L'activité de ces catalyseurs chute cependant rapidement. Il apparaît dès lors essentiel de disposer d'un moyen de les régénérer afin de pouvoir les utiliser de manière répétée.It is known to use a titanium silicalite as a catalyst, in particular in oxidation reactions of saturated hydrocarbons to form alcohols or ketones, as described in European patent application EP-A-376453 or in reactions of epoxidation of olefins, as described in patent application EP-A-1001 19 or also in hydroxylation reactions of aromatic compounds as reported in application EP-A-200260. The activity of these catalysts however drops rapidly. It therefore appears essential to have a means of regenerating them in order to be able to use them repeatedly.
La demande de brevet JP 03/1 14536 décrit un procédé de régénération de catalyseurs de type silicalite au titane par lavage avec du méthanol, des cétones ou du benzène. Ce procédé de régénération ne permet cependant pas de récupérer rapidement et totalement l'activité catalytique initiale du catalyseur.Patent application JP 03/1 14536 describes a process for regenerating catalysts of the titanium silicalite type by washing with methanol, ketones or benzene. However, this regeneration process does not allow the initial catalytic activity of the catalyst to be recovered quickly and completely.
La présente invention a pour but de procurer un procédé de régénération de catalyseurs de type silicalite au titane qui soit plus efficace que le procédé connu. En conséquence, l'invention concerne un procédé de régénération d'un catalyseur de type silicalite au titane, comprenant un traitement du catalyseur usagé avec une solution liquide, qui se caractérise en ce que la solution liquide comprend au moins un agent oxydant choisi parmi le peroxyde d'hydrogène, l'ozone et les composés peroxydes organiques. Des exemples de peroxydes organiques utilisables dans le procédé selon l'invention sont l'acide performique, l'acide peracétique et l'acide perfluoroperacétique. Le peroxyde d'hydrogène est préféré.The object of the present invention is to provide a process for regenerating catalysts of the titanium silicalite type which is more efficient than the known process. Consequently, the invention relates to a process for regenerating a catalyst of the titanium silicalite type, comprising a treatment of the spent catalyst with a liquid solution, which is characterized in that the liquid solution comprises at least one oxidizing agent chosen from hydrogen peroxide, ozone and organic peroxide compounds. Examples of organic peroxides which can be used in the process according to the invention are performic acid, peracetic acid and perfluoroperacetic acid. Hydrogen peroxide is preferred.
Les catalyseurs de type silicalite au titane auxquels s'applique le procédé de régénération selon l'invention sont des matériaux synthétiques cristallins de structure analogue à celle des zéolites, comprenant des oxydes de silicium et de titane et caractérisés par une bande d'absorption infrarouge à environ 950-960 cm-1. Leur formule générale est typiquement : xTiO2(l-x)SiO2 dans laquelle x est compris entre 0,0001 et 0,5, de préférence entre 0,001 et 0,05The titanium silicalite type catalysts to which the regeneration process according to the invention applies are crystalline synthetic materials with a structure similar to that of zeolites, comprising oxides of silicon and titanium and characterized by an infrared absorption band at about 950-960 cm-1. Their general formula is typically: xTiO 2 (lx) SiO 2 in which x is between 0.0001 and 0.5, preferably between 0.001 and 0.05
Des matériaux de ce type, connus sous le nom de TS-1, présentent une structure zéolitique cristalline microporeuse analogue à celle de la zéolite ZSM-5 Les propriétés et les principales applications de ces composés sont connues (B Notari , Structure-Activity and Selectivity Relationship in Heterogeneous Catalysis ; R K Grasselli and A W Sleight Editors , Elsevier , 1991 , p 243- 256) Leur synthèse a été étudiée notamment par A Van der Poel et J Van Hooff (Applied Catalysis A, 1992, Volume 92, pages 93-1 11) D'autres matériaux de ce type ont une structure analogue à celle de la zéolite bêta ou de la zéolite ZSM-1 1 La solution liquide de régénération peut être essentiellement constituée de l'agent oxydant En variante, elle peut en outre comprendre un additif ou un solvant de l'agent oxydant, c'est-à-dire un composé avec lequel l'agent oxydant est totalement miscible Le cas échéant, ledit additif ou solvant doit être inerte vis-à-vis de l'agent oxydant, dans les conditions de la régénération Un solvant polaire tel qu'un solvant halogène, par exemple du trichlorométhane, ou de l'eau convient bien comme solvant de l'agent oxydant L'eau est particulièrement avantageuse Lorsque le catalyseur usagé a été utilisé dans une réaction mettant en oeuvre du peroxyde d'hydrogène et un co-réactif organique, le traitement de régénération est généralement effectué en absence substantielle du co-réactif organiqueMaterials of this type, known as TS-1, have a microporous crystalline zeolitic structure analogous to that of zeolite ZSM-5 The properties and the main applications of these compounds are known (B Notari, Structure-Activity and Selectivity Relationship in Heterogeneous Catalysis; RK Grasselli and AW Sleight Editors, Elsevier, 1991, p 243- 256) Their synthesis has been studied in particular by A Van der Poel and J Van Hooff (Applied Catalysis A, 1992, Volume 92, pages 93-1 11) Other materials of this type have a structure analogous to that of zeolite beta or of zeolite ZSM-1 1 The liquid regeneration solution may consist essentially of the oxidizing agent. Alternatively, it may further comprise a additive or a solvent for the oxidizing agent, that is to say a compound with which the oxidizing agent is completely miscible If necessary, said additive or solvent must be inert with respect to the oxidizing agent, in regeneration conditions A polar solvent such as a halogenated solvent, for example trichloromethane, or water is very suitable as solvent for the oxidizing agent Water is particularly advantageous When the used catalyst has been used in a reaction using hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reagent, the regeneration treatment is generally carried out in the substantial absence of the organic co-reagent
La solution liquide ne contient généralement pas plus que 90 % en poids d'agent oxydant De préférence, une solution ne contenant pas plus de 50% en poids d'agent oxydant est utilisée De manière particulièrement préférée, une solution ne contenant pas plus de 20 % en poids d'agent oxydant est utilisée Généralement, la solution liquide contient au moins 0,5 % en poids d'agent oxydant Avantageusement, elle en contient au moins 1 %.The liquid solution generally does not contain more than 90% by weight of oxidizing agent. Preferably, a solution containing not more than 50% by weight of oxidizing agent is used. In a particularly preferred manner, a solution containing not more than 20 % by weight of oxidizing agent is used Generally, the liquid solution contains at least 0.5% by weight of oxidizing agent Advantageously, it contains at least 1%.
Une solution tout particulièrement préférée dans le procédé selon l'invention est une solution aqueuse de peroxyde d'hydrogène titrant de 1 à 10 % en poids de peroxyde d'hydrogène, de préférence de 2 à 5 % en poids de peroxyde d'hydrogèneA very particularly preferred solution in the process according to the invention is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide titrating from 1 to 10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, preferably from 2 to 5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide
Le traitement du catalyseur par la solution liquide de régénération peut être réalisé par tout moyen adéquat, par exemple par immersion du catalyseur dans la solution liquide lorsque celui-ci se trouve à l'état de particules dispersées ou par passage de ladite solution à travers le lit du catalyseur lorsque celui-ci est mis en oeuvre en lit fixe Généralement, on utilise de 0,25 à 50 litres de solution liquide par kilo de catalyseur à traiter. De préférence, on en utilise de 0,5 à 10 litres par kilo de catalyseur.The treatment of the catalyst with the liquid regeneration solution can be carried out by any suitable means, for example by immersion of the catalyst in the liquid solution when the latter is in the form of dispersed particles or by passage of said solution through the catalyst bed when it is used in a fixed bed Generally, 0.25 to 50 liters of liquid solution is used per kilo of catalyst to be treated. Preferably, 0.5 to 10 liters are used per kilo of catalyst.
L'agent oxydant peut être introduit lors du traitement de manière continue, de manière discontinue (par introductions successives de plusieures doses d'agent oxydant) ou par introduction d'une seule dose d'agent oxydant au début du traitement.The oxidizing agent can be introduced during the treatment continuously, discontinuously (by successive introductions of several doses of oxidizing agent) or by introduction of a single dose of oxidizing agent at the start of the treatment.
On préfère opérer de manière continue ou discontinue avec introductions successives. Ceci permet d'une part de maintenir la concentration en agent oxydant constante, et, d'autre part, de limiter le risque d'une décomposition de l'agent oxydant difficile à contrôler. En outre, cela permet d'éviter des phénomènes explosifs.It is preferred to operate continuously or discontinuously with successive introductions. This allows on the one hand to keep the concentration of oxidizing agent constant, and, on the other hand, to limit the risk of decomposition of the oxidizing agent which is difficult to control. In addition, this avoids explosive phenomena.
Le traitement du catalyseur par la solution liquide se fait généralement à une température comprise entre la température ambiante et la température d'ébullition de la solution. Une température de régénération d'au moins 50 °C et ne dépassant pas 100 °C est préférée. Un traitement par une solution aqueuse de peroxyde d'hydrogène à une température proche d'environ 90 °C a donné d'excellents résultats.The treatment of the catalyst with the liquid solution is generally carried out at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solution. A regeneration temperature of at least 50 ° C and not exceeding 100 ° C is preferred. Treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a temperature close to about 90 ° C has given excellent results.
La pression à laquelle est mené le procédé selon l'invention n'est pas critique en elle-même dès lors qu'elle est suffisante pour maintenir la solution essentiellement sous forme liquide.The pressure at which the process according to the invention is carried out is not critical in itself as long as it is sufficient to maintain the solution essentially in liquid form.
Le temps de traitement est variable selon l'état de désactivation du catalyseur. Il est généralement compris entre 10 minutes et quelques heures. D'excellents résultats ont été obtenus avec un temps de traitement ne dépassant pas 2 heures. De manière avantageuse, le procédé de régénération du catalyseur comprend un lavage du catalyseur préalablement au traitement par la solution liquide contenant l'agent oxydant afin d'éliminer substantiellement tous les composés avec lesquels le catalyseur a été en contact dans la réaction dans laquelle il a été mis en oeuvre. Le lavage consiste à mettre en contact le catalyseur avec de l'eau ou avec un composé organique. Les composés organiques sont préférés. Ceux-ci permettent en effet d'éviter la formation de deux phases distinctes. En outre, ils présentent une solubilité élevée des composés organiques responsables de la désactivation des catalyseurs. Les composés organiques peuvent être choisis parmi les diluants organiques aliphatiques, cyclique, aromatiques, alcooliques. Ils contiennent de préférence jusqu'à 20 atomes de carbone. Les alcools conviennent bien. Le méthanol est particulièrement préféré. Il peut s'avérer intéressant d'utiliser, pour le lavage, le diluant mis en oeuvre lors de l'utilisation du catalyseurThe treatment time is variable depending on the state of deactivation of the catalyst. It is generally between 10 minutes and a few hours. Excellent results have been obtained with a treatment time not exceeding 2 hours. Advantageously, the process for regenerating the catalyst comprises washing the catalyst prior to treatment with the liquid solution containing the oxidizing agent in order to remove substantially all of the compounds with which the catalyst has been in contact in the reaction in which it has been implemented. Washing consists in bringing the catalyst into contact with water or with an organic compound. Organic compounds are preferred. These indeed make it possible to avoid the formation of two distinct phases. In addition, they have a high solubility of the organic compounds responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts. The organic compounds can be chosen from aliphatic, cyclic, aromatic, alcoholic organic diluents. They preferably contain up to 20 carbon atoms. Alcohols are fine. Methanol is particularly preferred. It can be interesting to use, for washing, the diluent used when using the catalyst
La température de lavage est généralement de 25 °C à la température d'ébullition du composé organique de lavage Ce lavage se fait par mise en contact du catalyseur avec de l'eau ou avec le composé organique durant une période de 5 minutes à 2 heures De préférence, l'étape de lavage ne dépasse pas 30 minutes De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le lavage comprend une première étape de lavage par un composé organique et une deuxième étape de lavage par de l'eau Le procédé selon l'invention permet de restaurer quasi toute l'activité initiale du catalyseur par un traitement de courte duréeThe washing temperature is generally 25 ° C. at the boiling temperature of the organic washing compound. This washing is carried out by bringing the catalyst into contact with water or with the organic compound for a period of 5 minutes to 2 hours. Preferably, the washing step does not exceed 30 minutes. In a particularly advantageous manner, the washing comprises a first washing step with an organic compound and a second washing step with water. The method according to the invention makes it possible to restore almost all the initial activity of the catalyst by a short-term treatment
Un contrôle du pH lors du traitement peut être avantageux Cela permet en effet d'éviter la corrosion de l'équipement utilisé pour le traitement En outre, cela permet, lorsque le catalyseur est dispersé dans un liant, d'éviter l'attaque de ce liant par les acides libérés lors du traitement Un contrôle du pH permet également de limiter la décomposition de l'agent oxydant par des métaux libérés lors du traitement Généralement, le pH est maintenu à une valeur d'au moins 2, en particulier d'au moins 4 Le pH ne dépasse pas habituellement 8, de préférence 7 En effet, des pH alcalins peuvent affecter l'activité du catalyseur On opère de préférence à un pH maintenu dans l'intervalle de 2 à 8, plus particulièrement de 4 à 7 Le pH peut être contrôlé par ajout d'alcali, par exemple de la soudeControlling the pH during treatment can be advantageous This in fact makes it possible to avoid corrosion of the equipment used for the treatment In addition, this makes it possible, when the catalyst is dispersed in a binder, to prevent attack binder by the acids released during the treatment A control of the pH also makes it possible to limit the decomposition of the oxidizing agent by metals released during the treatment Generally, the pH is maintained at a value of at least 2, in particular at minus 4 The pH does not usually exceed 8, preferably 7 In fact, alkaline pHs can affect the activity of the catalyst. The operation is preferably carried out at a pH maintained in the range from 2 to 8, more particularly from 4 to 7. pH can be controlled by adding alkali, for example sodium hydroxide
Le procédé selon l'invention s'applique aux catalyseurs de type silicalite au titane usagés, notamment ceux utilisés dans une réaction mettant en oeuvre du peroxyde d'hydrogène et un co-réactif organique, en particulier ceux utilisés dans des réactions d'époxydation d'oléfines, d'hydroxylation de composés aromatiques ou d'oxydation d'hydrocarbures saturés. Il s'applique plus particulièrement aux catalyseurs utilisés dans des réactions d'époxydation d'oléfines au moyen de peroxyde d'hydrogène. Il s'applique tout particulièrement aux catalyseurs utilisés dans la réaction d'époxydation du chlorure d'allyle en épichlorhydrine. En outre, le procédé peut être appliqué aux catalyseurs utilisés dans la réaction d'époxydation du propylène en oxyde de propylène au moyen de peroxyde d'hydrogèneThe process according to the invention applies to used titanium silicalite catalysts, in particular those used in a reaction using hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reagent, in particular those used in epoxidation reactions of olefins, hydroxylation of aromatic compounds or oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. It applies more particularly to catalysts used in olefin epoxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide. It is particularly applicable to catalysts used in the epoxidation reaction of allyl chloride to epichlorohydrin. In addition, the process can be applied to catalysts used in the epoxidation reaction of propylene to propylene oxide by means of hydrogen peroxide
Lorsqu'il s'agit de catalyseurs utilisés dans des réactions d'époxydation d'oléfines, il peut s'avérer intéressant de recycler un effluent liquide provenant de la fabrication de l'époxyde et d'utiliser cet effluent pour la régénération du catalyseur Ceci est particulièrement intéressant lorsque l'époxydation et la régénération sont réalisées au moyen du même agent oxydant, par exemple au oyen de peroxyde d'hydrogène. L'effluent sortant de la fabrication de l'époxyde peut déjà contenir l'agent oxydant, à savoir la partie non consommée durant l'époxydation. On peut également ajouter à l'effluent une quantité d'agent oxydant. L'invention concerne dès lors également un procédé de synthèse d'époxydes par réaction entre une oléfine et du peroxyde d'hydrogène en présence d'un catalyseur régénéré au moyen du procédé de régénération décrit plus haut, dans lequel un effluent liquide provenant de la synthèse d'époxydes est recyclé et utilisé pour la régénération du catalyseur.When it is a question of catalysts used in olefin epoxidation reactions, it may prove advantageous to recycle a liquid effluent originating from the manufacture of the epoxide and to use this effluent for the regeneration of the catalyst. is particularly interesting when epoxidation and regeneration are carried out using the same oxidizing agent, for example oyen of hydrogen peroxide. The effluent leaving the epoxy production may already contain the oxidizing agent, namely the part not consumed during the epoxidation. A quantity of oxidizing agent can also be added to the effluent. The invention therefore also relates to a process for the synthesis of epoxides by reaction between an olefin and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst regenerated by means of the regeneration process described above, in which a liquid effluent from the synthesis of epoxides is recycled and used for the regeneration of the catalyst.
L'invention se trouve plus amplement illustrée dans les exemples non limitatifs suivants. Exemple 1The invention is more fully illustrated in the following nonlimiting examples. Example 1
On a disposé dans un réacteur de 125 ml muni d'une boucle de recirculation (volume total = 250 ml), 9,5 grammes de catalyseur de type silicalite au titane TS-1. Le réacteur a été alimenté en continu à un débit de 250 ml/heure par une solution de chlorure d'allyle et de peroxyde d'hydrogène dans du méthanol9.5 grams of TS-1 titanium silicalite catalyst were placed in a 125 ml reactor fitted with a recirculation loop (total volume = 250 ml). The reactor was fed continuously at a flow rate of 250 ml / hour with a solution of allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in methanol
(chlorure d'allyle/H2θ2 = 2 mol/mol; concentration en H2O2 de 1,38 mol/kg) à la température de 25 °C. La vitesse linéaire de passage de la solution en recirculation dans le réacteur a été réglée à 1 m/min. La concentration en peroxyde d'hydrogène dans le mélange réactionnel soutiré a été mesurée par iodométrie. Dès que le taux de conversion du peroxyde d'hydrogène fut de 25 % inférieur à celui obtenu après une heure de marche, le réacteur a été vidangé. Le catalyseur a été lavé par 250 ml de méthanol circulant en boucle dans le réacteur à un débit de 30 1/heure à une température de 65 °C durant 10 minutes. Après vidange du méthanol, le catalyseur a été lavé de manière analogue par de l'eau à 75 °C . L'eau a été évacuée, puis le catalyseur a été traité de manière analogue par une solution aqueuse à 3,5 % en poids de peroxyde d'hydrogène à 85 °C durant 1 heure. La solution aqueuse a été vidangée et le réacteur a été à nouveau alimenté par la solution de chlorure d'allyle et de peroxyde d'hydrogène dans le méthanol, dans les conditions exposées ci-dessus. 11 cycles tels que celui décrit ci-dessus d'utilisation/régénération du catalyseur ont été effectués. A chaque cycle, l'activité du catalyseur régénéré a été mesurée en déterminant la quantité d'épichlorhydrine produite dans ces conditions avant que le taux de conversion du peroxyde d'hydrogène ne chute à nouveau de 25 % par rapport à sa valeur initiale mesurée après une heure de marche. Une activité constante de 127 grammes d'épichlorhydrine a été observée lors de chacun des 1 1 cycles. Exemple 2(allyl chloride / H2θ2 = 2 mol / mol; H2O2 concentration of 1.38 mol / kg) at a temperature of 25 ° C. The linear speed of passage of the solution in recirculation in the reactor was adjusted to 1 m / min. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the withdrawn reaction mixture was measured by iodometry. As soon as the hydrogen peroxide conversion rate was 25% lower than that obtained after one hour of operation, the reactor was drained. The catalyst was washed with 250 ml of methanol circulating in a loop in the reactor at a flow rate of 30 l / hour at a temperature of 65 ° C for 10 minutes. After the methanol had been drained, the catalyst was washed in a similar manner with water at 75 ° C. The water was removed, then the catalyst was treated analogously with a 3.5% by weight aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at 85 ° C for 1 hour. The aqueous solution was drained and the reactor was again supplied with the solution of allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in methanol, under the conditions set out above. 11 cycles such as that described above for use / regeneration of the catalyst were carried out. At each cycle, the activity of the regenerated catalyst was measured by determining the amount of epichlorohydrin produced under these conditions before the conversion rate of hydrogen peroxide fell again by 25% compared to its initial value measured after one hour walk. A constant activity of 127 grams of epichlorohydrin was observed during each of the 11 cycles. Example 2
L'exemple 1 a été répété mais en utilisant une solution liquide contenant 1,06 % de peroxyde d'hydrogène à une température de 86 °C. Le rendement en épichlorhydrine a été de 1 17 grammes. Exemple 3 (de comparaison)Example 1 was repeated, but using a liquid solution containing 1.06% hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of 86 ° C. The yield of epichlorohydrin was 117 grams. Example 3 (comparison)
L'exemple 1 a été répété mais en utilisant comme solution liquide de l'eau exempte de peroxyde d'hydrogène, à 85 °C durant 1 heure. Le rendement en épichlorhydrine fut de 90 grammes. Example 1 was repeated but using as liquid solution water free of hydrogen peroxide at 85 ° C for 1 hour. The yield of epichlorohydrin was 90 grams.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N SR E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1 - Procédé de régénération d'un catalyseur de type silicalite au titane comprenant un traitement du catalyseur usagé avec une solution liquide caractérisé en ce que la solution liquide comprend au moins un agent oxydant choisi parmi le peroxyde d'hydrogène, l'ozone et les composés peroxydes organiques.1 - Method for regenerating a titanium silicalite type catalyst comprising a treatment of the used catalyst with a liquid solution characterized in that the liquid solution comprises at least one oxidizing agent chosen from hydrogen peroxide, ozone and organic peroxide compounds.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le catalyseur a été utilisé dans une réaction mettant en oeuvre du peroxyde d'hydrogène et un co-réactif organique.2 - Process according to claim 1, in which the catalyst was used in a reaction using hydrogen peroxide and an organic co-reactant.
3 - Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le traitement est effectué en l'absence du co-réactif organique.3 - Process according to claim 2, wherein the treatment is carried out in the absence of the organic co-reagent.
4 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'agent oxydant est le peroxyde d'hydrogène.4 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
5 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la solution liquide est une solution aqueuse contenant de 1 à 10 % en poids de peroxyde d'hydrogène.5 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid solution is an aqueous solution containing from 1 to 10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide.
6 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le traitement se fait à une température comprise entre la température ambiante et la température d'ébullition de la solution.6 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the treatment is carried out at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solution.
7 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le traitement ne dure pas plus de 2 heures.7 - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the treatment does not last more than 2 hours.
8 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant, préalablement audit traitement, un lavage du catalyseur.8 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising, prior to said treatment, a washing of the catalyst.
9 - Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le lavage est réalisé au moyen d'un composé organique. 10 - Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le lavage est réalisé au moyen de méthanol.9 - Process according to claim 8, wherein the washing is carried out by means of an organic compound. 10 - The method of claim 9, wherein the washing is carried out using methanol.
1 1 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 dans lequel l'alimentation en agent oxydant est réalisée par introduction continue ou par introduction discontinue de doses successives.1 1 - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the supply of oxidizing agent is carried out by continuous introduction or by discontinuous introduction of successive doses.
12 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1, dans lequel le pH est maintenu dans l'intervalle de 2 à 8, de préférence de 4 à 7.12 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the pH is maintained in the range from 2 to 8, preferably from 4 to 7.
13 - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, appliqué à un catalyseur de type silicalite au titane issu de la synthèse d'un époxyde par réaction entre une oléfine et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.13 - Process according to any one of claims 1 to 12, applied to a catalyst of the titanium silicalite type resulting from the synthesis of an epoxide by reaction between an olefin and hydrogen peroxide.
14 - Procédé selon la revendication 13, appliqué à un catalyseur issu de la synthèse d'épichlorhydrine par réaction entre du chlorure d'allyle et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.14 - The method of claim 13, applied to a catalyst from the synthesis of epichlorohydrin by reaction between allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide.
15 - Procédé selon la revendication 13, appliqué à un catalyseur issu de la synthèse d'oxyde de propylène par réaction entre du propylène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.15 - The method of claim 13, applied to a catalyst from the synthesis of propylene oxide by reaction between propylene and hydrogen peroxide.
16 - Utilisation d'un catalyseur de type silicalite au titane régénéré par le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 pour la synthèse d'époxydes par réaction entre une oléfine et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.16 - Use of a titanium silicalite type catalyst regenerated by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for the synthesis of epoxides by reaction between an olefin and hydrogen peroxide.
17 - Utilisation selon la revendication 16, pour la synthèse d'épichlorhydrine par réaction entre du chlorure d'allyle et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.17 - Use according to claim 16, for the synthesis of epichlorohydrin by reaction between allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide.
18 - Utilisation selon la revendication 16, pour la synthèse d'oxyde de propylène par réaction entre du propylène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène.18 - Use according to claim 16, for the synthesis of propylene oxide by reaction between propylene and hydrogen peroxide.
19 - Procédé de synthèse d'époxydes par réaction entre une oléfine et du peroxyde d'hydrogène en présence d'un catalyseur régénéré au moyen du procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel un effluent liquide provenant de la synthèse d'époxydes est recyclé et utilisé pour la régénération du catalyseur. 19 - Process for the synthesis of epoxides by reaction between an olefin and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst regenerated by means of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in which an effluent liquid from the synthesis of epoxides is recycled and used for the regeneration of the catalyst.
EP97911226A 1996-10-25 1997-10-09 Method for regenerating catalysts Withdrawn EP0958049A1 (en)

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