EP0957696A1 - Fabric providing protection from chain saws - Google Patents
Fabric providing protection from chain sawsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0957696A1 EP0957696A1 EP98903794A EP98903794A EP0957696A1 EP 0957696 A1 EP0957696 A1 EP 0957696A1 EP 98903794 A EP98903794 A EP 98903794A EP 98903794 A EP98903794 A EP 98903794A EP 0957696 A1 EP0957696 A1 EP 0957696A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- layers
- yarns
- fabric structure
- dtex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
- A41D31/245—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof using layered materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
Definitions
- European Patent Application Publication No. 202,183, published November 20, 1986, discloses chain saw protection in a construction of several fabric layers wherein the fabric is loosely woven from aramid yarns and the several layers are loosely stitched together to afford entire breakaway layers to stop the chain.
- the fabric weave is disclosed to be linen-type
- a sacrificial fabric structure for protection from a moving chain saw blade including a plurality of superposed layers of fabric bound together generally 'around the periphery of the layers and made from yarns having a tenacity of at least 10 grams per dtex and a tensile modulus of at least 150 grams per dtex woven in a l/x satin weave wherein x is from 3 to 9.
- a sacrificial fabric structure is, also, provided including a plurality of superposed layers of fabric made from aramid yarns .
- a preferred embodiment of the structure of this invention utilizes aramid yarns which are at least 1200 dtex made from filaments of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) .
- the fabric weave is preferably a 1/3 satin weave (also known as 4 harness satin) and the superposed fabric layers are preferably alternated with layers of felt.
- Fig. 1 represents a schematic representation of satin, twill, and plain weaves.
- Fig. 2 represents a cross-sectional view of a sacrificial structure of this invention.
- the yarns used in fabric structures of this invention are yarns formed from continuous filaments.
- the preferred yarns are made from aramid.
- aramid is meant a polyamide wherein at least 85% of the amide (-C0-NH-) linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
- Para-aramids are the primary polymers in fibers of this invention and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) is the preferred para-aramid.
- PPD-T poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)
- the fabric is, thus, sacrificed to provide protection from the moving chainsaw blades .
- Aramid yarns have proven to be especially serviceable for use in chainsaw protection materials; and the sacrificial fabric structure of this invention includes a plurality of layers of fabric made from aramid yarns of a particular make-up woven in a particular weave which has been discovered to provide especially effective protection.
- the inventors herein have discovered that a significant and surprising improvement in chainsaw protection can be realized by a combination of the strength of aramid fibers and the use of satin weave to render the fibers stable in fabric form but readily available for stopping the chain.
- Fig. la is a Plain weave pattern wherein each filling yarn (11) passes successively over and under each warp yarn (12) , alternating each row and resulting in regular, relatively close-packed fill/warp intersections (13) .
- Fig. lb is a Twill weave pattern wherein each filling yarn (11) is floated over warp yarns (12) in a staggered series to yield a twill or diagonal rib of fill/warp intersections (13) .
- Fig. lc is a Satin weave pattern wherein each filling yarn (11) is floated over warp yarns (12) such that the fill/warp intersections (13) are distributed as evenly and widely separated as possible.
- the satin weave provides a maximum distance between fill/warp intersections while also maximizing the opening between adjacent fill/warp intersections.
- a fabric which minimizes the number of fill/warp intersections and maximizes the free length of the fiber which is available.
- Satin weaves maximize the distance in all directions between fill/warp intersections and provides a smoother (rib-free) surface for more even layering of fabric elements .
- Satin weave fabrics are used in this invention and satin weaves which are characterized as 1/3 to 1/9 satin weaves, are preferred.
- the most usually used satin weave is 1/3, also known as 4 harness satin, wherein the fill yarn passes over one and under three warp yarns, in a continuous repeat; and the resulting fill/warp intersections are spaced apart as far as possible. Satin weaves of closer than 1/3 are believed to provide inadequate free fiber with too many fill/warp intersections and low accessibility to the chainsaw. Satin weaves of looser than 1/9 have been found to yield fill yarns which are too easy for the chainsaw to strip from the fabric resulting in inadequate resistance and little slowing of the chain. It has been discovered that aramid yarns which are useful in this invention have a linear density of at least 200 dtex.
- Yarns in the structure of this invention must have strength adequate to resist breaking or pulling out of the fabric before the fabric is taken up by the chain.
- the yarns should have a linear density of 200 to 3400 dtex, preferably 1000 to 1700 dtex; and the filaments in those yarns should be continuous and have a linear density of greater than 1 dtex and up to 8 dtex, preferably greater than 1.5 dtex and up to 5 dtex.
- the lower limits are necessary to achieve adequate protection and the upper limits are more a matter of convenience of operation. If yarns or filaments are used having linear densities greater than the upper specified limit, it is difficult to form the fabrics and fabrics so-formed are too stiff for easy handling.
- the fabric of this invention must have very high strength to cause the fibers to be pulled from the fabric rather than merely broken by the moving chain.
- the required strength is obtained by using yarns which have a tenacity of at least 10 grams per dtex, preferably at least 15 grams per dtex, and a tensile modulus of 150 to 2000 grams per dtex, preferably 500 to 1500 grams per dtex.
- a modulus lower than 150 grams per dtex results in excessive fiber stretching in use, and fibers with a modulus higher than 2000 grams per dtex are too stiff for practical use.
- a tenacity less than 10 grams per dtex results in a fabric which is torn rather than pulled into the chain. As strength is of primary importance in these applications, there is no upper limit for tenacity for these fibers.
- Fabrics in the structure of this invention can be made from a variety of high strength fiber-forming polymers, including, for example, extended chain polyolefins such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high strength poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (ethylene naphthalate) , poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) , and the like, in addition to poly(p- phenylene terephthalamide) .
- extended chain polyolefins such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high strength poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (ethylene naphthalate) , poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) , and the like, in addition to poly(p- phenylene terephthalamide) .
- chainsaw protection is improved when adjacent layers of the protective structure are not joined in the areas of greatest need for protection.
- the protective structures should not be sewn together, for example, by criss-crossed stitching through the body of the material .
- the preferred construction of layers in the protective structure of this invention includes alternating layers of the aforementioned woven fabric and a felt material, generally made from aramid staple fibers using a needling or hydroentangling consolidation process.
- the felt is from 100 to 140 grams per square meter (3-4 ounces per square yard) and is 1 to 2.5 millimeters (0.04 - 0.1 inch) thick. Specifications for the felt are provided in Specification 6170-4D of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
- protective structure 20 includes fabric layer 21 alternating with felt layer 22.
- cover layer 23 may be provided for decoration, comfort, water proofing, or other desired auxiliary purpose.
- Cover layer 23 is a light weight inner or outer shell fabric which does not participate in providing chainsaw protection.
- the fabric structures of this invention are evaluated in accordance with ASTM F 1414 - 92a (Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing) . Test results are reported as the Threshold Stopping Speed (TSS) .
- the fabric structures which are evaluated are the alternating fabric/felt material structure set out in
- Example 1 Two fabrics were woven from continuous filament aramid yarn having a linear density of 1260 dtex.
- the yarn had a tenacity of 21.5 grams per dtex and a tensile modulus of 850 grams per dtex.
- the filaments in that yarn had a linear density of 1.65 dtex.
- the yarn was as sold by E . I . du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename of Kevlar® K-49.
- One of the fabrics was a 17X17 Plain weave with a weight of 170 g/m 2 (5 oz/yd 2 ) . This fabric served as the control or comparison for this example .
- the other of the fabrics was a 17X17 1/3 (4 Harness) Satin Weave (often called “Crowfoot Weave”) with a weight of 170 g/m 2 (5 oz/yd 2 ) .
- test structure was assembled using a felt conforming to the requirements of the aforementioned Specification 6170-4D -- made from para-aramid fiber staple and having an areal density of about 200 grams/square meter (3.5 ounces/square yard) and a thickness of about 1.5 millimeters (0.06 inch).
- the test structure included two layers of the woven fabric alternated with two layers of the felt and cover layers on the top and the bottom.
- the cover layers were medium weight nylon cloth; and the layers were bound together only around the periphery of the layers.
- the first layer under the top cover layer was a woven aramid fabric .
- the Threshold Stopping Speed was determined in accordance with ASTM F 1414-92a.
- the Threshold Stopping Speed for the two test structures was determined to be :
- Example 2 Two fabrics were woven from continuous filament aramid yarn having a linear density of 1260 dtex.
- the filaments in this yarn had a linear density of 1.65 dtex, a tenacity of 21.5 grams per dtex, and a tensile modulus of 674 grams per dtex.
- the yarn was as sold by E . I . du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename of Kevlar® K-29.
- One of the fabrics was a 17X17 Plain weave with a weight of 170 g/m 2 (5 oz/yd 2 ) . This fabric served as the control or comparison for this example.
- the other of the fabrics was a 17X17 1/3 (4 Harness) Satin Weave (often called "Crowfoot Weave”) with a weight of 170 g/m 2 (5 oz/yd 2 ) .
- the fabrics were used in a form with all of the usual filament and yarn finishes which normally accompany commercially-available fabrics (so-called "greige") and, also, in a form wherein those finishes were scoured from the fibers by usual commercial means using water and detergent. Tests were run using both forms.
- Test structures were assembled using a felt conforming to the requirements of the aforementioned Specification 6170-4D -- made from para-aramid fiber staple and having an areal density of about 200 grams/square meter (3.5 ounces/square yard) and a thickness of about 1.5 millimeters (0.06 inch).
- the test structures included two layers of the woven fabric alternated with two layers of the felt and cover layers on the top and the bottom.
- the cover layers were medium weight nylon cloth; and the layers were bound together only around the periphery of the layers.
- the first layer under the top cover layer was a woven aramid fabric .
- the Threshold Stopping Speed was determined in accordance with ASTM F 1414-92a.
- the Threshold Stopping Speed for the test structures was determined to be:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Toilet Supplies (AREA)
- Details Of Garments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3686997P | 1997-02-05 | 1997-02-05 | |
US36869P | 1997-02-05 | ||
US09/012,613 US5876834A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Protective chain saw chaps |
US12613 | 1998-01-23 | ||
PCT/US1998/001626 WO1998033406A1 (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1998-01-29 | Fabric providing protection from chain saws |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0957696A1 true EP0957696A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
EP0957696B1 EP0957696B1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
Family
ID=26683782
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98903794A Expired - Lifetime EP0957696B1 (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1998-01-29 | Fabric providing protection from chain saws |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0957696B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001513850A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100459362B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1140200C (en) |
AU (1) | AU726941B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9807158A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2276291C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69805502T2 (en) |
EA (1) | EA000807B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO993751D0 (en) |
UA (1) | UA46880C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998033406A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR0009656A (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-01-08 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Heat resistant coating material |
EP1043278A1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-11 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | A covering material comprising a textile product with poly(P-Phenylene-2,6-Benzobisoxazole) fibers |
US6534426B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2003-03-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Knife-stab-resistant composite |
DE10036488A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-07 | Spezialtextilwerk Funke | Textile material is for protecting workers from potential injury caused by circular and chainsaws |
CN100386476C (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2008-05-07 | 江苏九鼎新材料股份有限公司 | Felling protective garment lining |
KR100995703B1 (en) | 2008-10-09 | 2010-11-19 | 한국패션산업연구원 | Chainsaw protective pants |
KR101229550B1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-02-05 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Fabric Layer For Bulletproof Clothes |
DE202012002171U1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-06-06 | Rökona-Textilwerk Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, Wirkerei - Ausrüstung | Cut protection layer for a cut protection textile, cut protection textile and this protective work clothing |
JP5700314B1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-04-15 | 株式会社光和 | Fabric for cut protective clothing |
DE202015006323U1 (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2016-12-09 | Arne Sörensen | Safety panel Slowing down of kinetic burglary tools |
JP6941389B2 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-09-29 | マルイチ エアリアル エンジニア株式会社 | Cut prevention protective material and cut prevention equipment |
JPWO2021070264A1 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-15 | ||
SE545918C2 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-03-12 | Husqvarna Ab | Multi-layer chainsaw protection garment |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279959A (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1981-07-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Water-insoluble copolymers containing amide-polyaldehyde thermosettable system |
FR2581845B1 (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1989-09-29 | Sip Protection Sa | WORK AND SAFETY CLOTHING |
US5578358A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-11-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Penetration-resistant aramid article |
FR2739759B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-02-06 | Oci Sa | FABRIC FOR USE IN MULTI-LAYERED MATTRESSES MOUNTED IN PROTECTIVE GARMENT AND PROTECTIVE GARMENT |
-
1998
- 1998-01-29 CA CA002276291A patent/CA2276291C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-29 KR KR10-1999-7007011A patent/KR100459362B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-29 DE DE69805502T patent/DE69805502T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-29 WO PCT/US1998/001626 patent/WO1998033406A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-29 JP JP53302998A patent/JP2001513850A/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-29 EA EA199900717A patent/EA000807B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-29 UA UA99073932A patent/UA46880C2/en unknown
- 1998-01-29 BR BR9807158-0A patent/BR9807158A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-29 CN CNB988023199A patent/CN1140200C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-29 AU AU60470/98A patent/AU726941B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-29 EP EP98903794A patent/EP0957696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-08-03 NO NO993751A patent/NO993751D0/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9833406A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69805502T2 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
CA2276291C (en) | 2005-07-05 |
CN1246781A (en) | 2000-03-08 |
WO1998033406A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
NO993751D0 (en) | 1999-08-03 |
AU726941B2 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
CA2276291A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
AU6047098A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
BR9807158A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
UA46880C2 (en) | 2002-06-17 |
KR20000070752A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
EA199900717A1 (en) | 2000-02-28 |
JP2001513850A (en) | 2001-09-04 |
EP0957696B1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
CN1140200C (en) | 2004-03-03 |
KR100459362B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 |
EA000807B1 (en) | 2000-04-24 |
DE69805502D1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
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