EP0957270B1 - Schwenkantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur - Google Patents
Schwenkantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0957270B1 EP0957270B1 EP99107529A EP99107529A EP0957270B1 EP 0957270 B1 EP0957270 B1 EP 0957270B1 EP 99107529 A EP99107529 A EP 99107529A EP 99107529 A EP99107529 A EP 99107529A EP 0957270 B1 EP0957270 B1 EP 0957270B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- shaft
- pivoting actuator
- jacket surface
- wing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/12—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the oscillating-vane or curved-cylinder type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary actuator for actuating a valve with a cylindrical, two-part sealed housing and one in it coaxial shaft-wing unit, which with a coaxial shaft of the actuating valve can be coupled torque-proof and from one side in the Housing mounted shaft and two with respect to their parallel to the axis of rotation
- Such a device which is referred to as a swing-wing swivel drive
- a swing-wing swivel drive is for example from the "Rotary Vane Actuators" brochure from Reuter Manufacturing known.
- the well-known swivel drive is said to be suitable for both Hydraulic and pneumatic actuation should be suitable, in particular with pneumatic actuation, the sealing of the chambers in the area of rotating wing due to the very low viscosity of air a significant Problem. This tightness problem is therefore all the more serious, because with a pneumatic actuation of such swivel drives, the pressure of the Fluids after reaching the respective end position of the drive until the next actuation is maintained.
- the state of the art also includes pneumatic rotary actuators, which have only one wing and therefore have comparatively large swivel angles allow.
- pneumatic rotary actuators which have only one wing and therefore have comparatively large swivel angles allow.
- such swivel drives have which, for example, in the general catalog "Pneumatic part-turn actuators, Issue 08/95, the Dietrich Schwabe Society for Control, Control, and Armature Technology m.b.H. "on pages 1, 2 and 5, comparable Disadvantages such as the double wing swivel drives listed above.
- the whole Sealing kit consists of two wing seals, two spring plates, two shaft seals as well as other sealants, which together form a wear part set form. Furthermore, it occurs with such swivel drives as very disadvantageous in the appearance that due to the single-wing design considerable lateral forces act on the vane shaft, which result in increased wear.
- pneumatic double-piston swivel drives are also known, as for example from the brochure "Swing drives of the top class" the company bar pneumatic control systems GmbH emerge.
- Actuators that are either single-acting (with spring return) or double-acting are based on a rack and pinion principle with each self-centering piston guide in the housing.
- Such drives have especially for pneumatic actuation due to their very small size Leakage rates proven for a long time.
- These drives also have an excellent Wear resistance due to the sliding bearing of all moving parts on what an absolute freedom from maintenance results.
- these known drives are comparatively complicated to build and therefore expensive to manufacture.
- the invention has for its object a rotary actuator for actuating a Propose valve that is very low for pneumatic actuation Has leakage rate and is still simple and inexpensive can be made.
- each wing on opposite Sides is provided with two sealing lips made of a rubber-elastic material each along the inner surface of the housing and the inside of one have upper and a lower end wall of the housing extending sections, each with the sealing lips of opposite wings that on the same Side of the median plane of the shaft-wing unit are arranged by means of the outer Shell surface of the shaft outgoing and along the inside of the upper and the lower end wall extending sections formed in itself are, and that each partition with a self-contained, along the outer Shell surface of the shaft, the upper and lower end walls of the housing and the inner circumferential surface of the housing extending seal from a rubber-elastic material is provided.
- the partition walls have an excellent sealing effect, which is the case with a Pneumatic actuation of the swivel drive is readily permitted after it has been reached the end position of the drive system pressure even over a very long Maintain period.
- the leakage rate is in the invention Swivel drive extremely low. Nevertheless, this is when it is actuated, i.e. one turn frictional torque to be overcome by the shaft-vane unit low, especially if the sealing lips are provided with a suitable lubricant be, whereby the sealing effect can be increased again.
- partition walls are also sealed in a very simple manner by inserting them of self-contained circumferential seals in the corresponding End faces of the partitions. These are then simply between the wave and the respective inner lateral surface of the housing used in the axial direction, whereupon the cylindrical housing is completed by the second part. by virtue of The one-piece design of the partition seal will cause any leaks from avoided beforehand.
- the swivel drive according to the invention can thus be very simple and inexpensive manufacture and is further characterized by an almost wear-free Operation off, so that there are only very low running costs.
- the sealing lips are thus on the interacting with them Sealing surfaces and thus on the inside of the upper and lower end wall pressed on the housing so that there is a secure seal.
- the shaft-wing unit is in the assembled state on all sides through the boundary surfaces of the housing by a certain amount compressed, so that there is an overall excellent sealing effect.
- a further improvement in the sealing effect can be achieved in that the Run out sealing lips with sharp edges.
- the particularly critical transition area between the outer surface of the Shaft, the end face of the partition facing this and its upper or lower end face can be sealed particularly advantageously if that of the outer Shell surface of the shaft outgoing sections of the sealing lips each one have trumpet-shaped fillet on the seals of the partitions in Area of a transition from an end face of the partition facing the shaft are adapted to an upper or lower end face of the partition.
- a sealing of this corner area that is also suitable for shaft rotation.
- the channels are assigned at their two ends to one side surface of the Adjoin the wing, the greatest possible swivel range of the wing can be achieved.
- a particularly advantageous construction of the shaft-wing unit is according to the invention in that it consists of a core part made of a glass fiber reinforced Plastic is made with high strength and a limitation on all Chamber-forming surface areas with a casing made of a rubber-elastic Plastic is provided, from which the sealing lips are formed in one piece are.
- the shaft-wing unit can be particularly inexpensive in this way Manufacture injection molding process, the core part being manufactured in a first operation and this in a second step with the rubber-elastic plastic is encapsulated. A separate and time-consuming individual assembly of the sealing lips, at there is no need for their exact fit anyway with such a construction.
- the partitions are advantageously in the form of a circular segment or in cross section triangular and connectable to the housing. In this way can use the partitions on both sides as end stops for the wings serve as well when installing the rotary actuator in a simple way with the Housing are firmly connected.
- the housing is made of two cup-shaped housing half is assembled.
- the two cup-shaped housing halves can be made absolutely identical, if each half of the housing runs in the central plane of a partition Has inflow and outflow channel, with a chamber exclusively via one arranged completely next to the center line of the assigned partition wall connected is.
- each partition on both sides their center line each with an outgoing from the assigned chamber and is provided with a pocket adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, into which the overflow channel opens.
- the shaft of the shaft-wing unit is torque-proof outside the housing connected to an arm, the pivoting movement of two stop elements is limited, which can be positively coupled to the housing, it is not more required that the fixed partitions fulfill this stop function.
- stop elements are circular segment shaped and on their outer surface have a toothing with a corresponding toothing interior.
- Shell surface of an annular housing part adapted to the stop elements can be brought into engagement, can - with appropriate training Toothing - a very fine adjustment of the stop elements and thus an exact Realize adaptation of the rotary actuator to the valve to be operated with it.
- Such a form fit by means of the interlocking teeth can be picked up at any time and in the shifted position of the stop elements restore.
- the rotary actuator 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for actuating a valve consists of a closed, cylindrical housing 2 and one therein coaxial shaft-wing unit 3. This is with a not shown
- the coaxial shaft of the valve to be operated can be coupled in a torque-proof manner, which is why 1 and 2 swivel actuator shown on such a valve, from the one Stub shaft protrudes, is attached.
- the shaft-wing unit 3 consists of a bearing on both sides in the housing 2 Wave 4 and two integrally connected wings 5.
- the middle planes of the Wings 5 are arranged offset from one another by 180 ° and run parallel to the Axis of rotation 6 of shaft 4.
- the housing 2 is made of an upper housing half 7 and composed of a lower housing half 8. Both wings 5 extend each over the entire height 9 of a cylindrical interior 10 of the housing Second
- the wings 5 each extend with a radially outer end face 11 to an inner cylindrical Shell surface 12 of the housing 2, this shell surface 12 of both housing halves 7 and 8 is formed (see FIG. 2).
- Partitions 14 arranged offset by 180 ° are provided. These partitions 14 extend each also over the entire height 9 of the interior 10 of the Housing 2. Their extension also extends from the inner cylindrical surface 12 of the housing 2 up to an outer lateral surface 15 of the shaft.
- the two non-adjacent chambers 16a and 16c are not one in FIG. 1 visible channel connected to each other, which runs inside a rib 17.
- the Rib 17 is located above one that divides the interior 18 of the shaft 4 Partition 18.
- An interconnecting the other two chambers 16b and 16d The channel runs in a rib which is arranged below the partition 18 and therefore cannot be seen in FIG. 1 (cf. FIGS. 3 to 5).
- the cross-section of the two partition walls 14 is essentially triangular or segment of a circle.
- a circumferential groove 19 arranged, in which a one-piece, also circumferential seal 20 is inserted.
- This seal 20 is sliding against the cylindrical outer surface 15 of the shaft 4.
- the seal 20 provides a sealing closure between the partition 14 and the upper end face 21, the lower end face 22 and the cylindrical inner lateral surface 12 of the housing 2 ago. At the latter sealing points there are no relative movements between the components to be sealed on.
- the seal 20 is made of a rubber-elastic material, preferably made of polyurethane, and due to their inherent elasticity under certain prestressing can be inserted into the groove 19.
- Both partitions 14 are on both sides of their central plane 13 with one of the associated chamber 16 outgoing and to the inner lateral surface 12 of the housing adjacent pocket 23a, 23b. 23c and 23d.
- the partition 14 arranged on the left in FIG. 1 opens an overflow channel 24d which is next to the central plane 13 of the associated partition 14 and from a Zuund Outflow channel 25 of the lower housing half 8 starts.
- the inflow and outflow channel 25 can be alternately connected to a pressure medium source or the environment.
- the two housing halves 7 and 8 are made of a glass fiber reinforced polyamide material manufactured and are held together with the help of screws and nuts 26.
- each wing 5 on opposite sides 27 'and 27 "with two sealing lips 28' and 28" made of a rubber-elastic material is provided.
- Each of the sealing lips 28 'and 28 is self-contained; both sealing lips 28 'and 28 "are both one to the axis of rotation of the shaft parallel center plane 32 symmetrically as well as to a perpendicular to the axis of rotation 6 the central plane 33 running the shaft 4.
- Fig. 4 it is further shown that the wings 5 one on the end faces have circumferential web 36, on the edges of which the sealing lips are arranged are.
- the opposite sections 30 'and 31 'of the sealing lip 28 a distance which is greater than the clear height 9 of the interior 10 of the housing 2.
- the diameter of the shaft-wing unit larger in the area of the opposite sections 29 'of the sealing lip 28 than the inside diameter of the interior 10 of the housing 2.
- the channels 37 intersecting in a plan view are still for connection opposite chambers 16 shown, each extending within a rib 17.
- the ribs 17 are integrally connected to a partition 18.
- the stop elements 43 are circular segment-shaped formed and provided on their outer lateral surface with a toothing 44. This toothing can be engaged with a corresponding toothing 45 bring that on an inner lateral surface 46 of an annular housing part 47 is located.
- the ring-shaped housing part 47 is integral with the housing halves 7 and 8 trained to reduce production costs due to large quantities to let (see Fig. 2).
- each partition 14 on both sides its median plane 13 with both on its upper side and on its lower side Nose 49 is provided which engages in a corresponding pocket, which in the two housing halves 7 and 8 are formed, but not in FIGS. 1 and 2 are shown.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Schwenkantrieb mit entferntem oberem Gehäuseteil;
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch den Schwenkantrieb gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Drehachse der Wellen-Flügel-Einheit;
- Fig. 3
- die Wellen-Flügel-Einheit des Schwenkantriebs gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2;
- Fig. 4
- einen Längsschnitt entlang der Linie IV - IV durch die Wellen-Flügel-Einheit gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie V - V durch die Wellen-Flügel-Einheit gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 6
- eine Draufsicht auf die Wellen-Flügel-Einheit gemäß Fig. 3 und
- Fig. 7
- eine Draufsicht auf den Schwenkantrieb gemäß Fig. 2 mit Arm und zwei Anschlagelementen.
Claims (14)
- Schwenkantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur mit einem zylindrischen, aus zwei Teilen (7, 8) bestehenden abgeschlossenen Gehäuse und einer darin koaxial gelagerten Wellen-Flügel-Einheit (3), die mit einer koaxialen Welle (4) der zu betätigenden Armatur drehmomentfest koppelbar ist und aus einer beidseitig in dem Gehäuse gelagerten Welle und zwei bezüglich ihrer parallel zu der Drehachse der Welle verlaufenden Mittelebenen um 180° versetzt angeordneten und mit der Welle verbundenen Flügeln (5) besteht, die sich jeweils über die gesamte Höhe eines Innenraums des Gehäuse und mit einer radial außen liegenden Stirnseite (11) bis zu einer inneren zylindrischen Mantelfäche (12) des Gehäuses erstrecken, wobei das Gehäuse zwei feststehende radial verlaufende und bezüglich ihrer parallel zu der Drehachse der Welle verlaufenden Mittelebenen um 180° versetzt angeordnete Trennwände (14) aufweist, die sich jeweils über die gesamte Höhe des Innenraums des Gehäuses und von der inneren zylindrischen Mantelfläche des Gehäuse bis zu einer äußeren Mantelfläche (15) der Welle erstrecken und den Innenraum des Gehäuses zusammen mit den Flügeln in vier Kammern (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) unterteilen, von denen jeweils zwei nicht benachbarte Kammern (16a, 16c; 16b, 16d) über die Welle durchdringende Kanäle (37) miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei des weiteren zwei benachbarte Kammern jeweils mit einem Zu- und Abströmanschluß (25, 26) versehen sind, die wechselweise mit einer Druckmediumquelle verbindbar sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Flügel (5) auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten (27', 27") seiner Mittelebene mit zwei Dichtlippen (28', 28") aus einem gummielastischen Material versehen ist, die jeweils entlang der inneren Mantelfläche (12) des Gehäuses (2) und der Innenseiten (21, 22) einer oberen und einer unteren Stirnwand des Gehäuses (2) verlaufende Abschnitte (29', 30', 29", 30") aufweisen, wobei jeweils die Dichtlippen (28', 28") gegenüberliegender Flügel (5), die auf derselben Seite (27', 27") der Mittelebene der Wellen-Flügel-Einheit (3) angeordnet sind, mittels von der.äußeren Mantelfläche (15) der Welle (4) ausgehenden und entlang der Innenseite (21, 22) der oberen und der unteren Stirnwand verlaufenden Abschnitten (31', 31 ") in sich geschlossen ausgebildet sind, und daß jede Trennwand (14) mit einer in sich geschlossenen entlang der äußeren Mantelfläche (15), der Welle (4) , der oberen und der unteren Stirnwand des Gehäuses (2) sowie der inneren Mantelfläche (12) des Gehäuses (2) verlaufenden Dichtung (20) aus einem gummielastischen Material versehen ist. - Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtlippen (28', 28") scharfkantig auslaufen.
- Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der äußeren Mantelfläche (15) der Welle (4) ausgehenden und in einem Längsschnitt durch die Welle (4) gegenüberliegenden Abschnitte (31', 31") der Dichtlippen (28', 28") zusammen eine trompetenförmige Ausrundung bilden, an die die Dichtungen (20) der Trennwände (14) im Bereich eines Übergangs von einer der Welle (4) zugewandten Stirnseite der Trennwand (14) zu einer oberen bzw. unteren Stirnseite der Trennwand (14) angepaßt sind.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (37) an ihren beiden Enden an eine Seitenfläche des zugeordneten Flügels (5) angrenzen.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellen-Flügel-Einheit (3) aus einem Kernteil (34) besteht, das aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff mit hoher Festigkeit hergestellt ist, und an allen eine Begrenzung einer Kammer (16) bildenden Oberflächenbereichen mit einer Ummantelung (35) aus einem gummielastischen Kunststoff versehen ist, aus der die Dichtlippen (28', 28") einstückig ausgeformt sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flügel (5) einen an deren Stirnseiten umlaufenden Steg (36) aufweisen, an dessen Rändern die Dichtlippen (28', 28") angeordnet sind.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwände (14) im Querschnitt kreissegmentförmig oder dreiecksförmig sind und mit dem Gehäuse (2) formschlüssig verbindbar sind.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennwände (14) an ihrer Oberseite und an ihrer Unterseite beidseitig der umlaufenden Dichtung (20) jeweils mit einer Nase (49) versehen sind, die in angepaßte Vertiefungen in der zugeordneten Stirnwand des Gehäuses (2) eingreifen.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (2) aus zwei topfförmigen Gehäusehälften (7, 8) zusammengesetzt ist.
- Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Gehäusehälfte (7, 8) einen in der Mittelebene (13) einer Trennwand (14) verlaufenden Zu- und Abströmkanal (25) aufweist, der mit einer Kammer (16) ausschließlich über einen vollständig neben der Mittelebene (13) der zugeordneten Trennwand (14) angeordneten Überströmkanal (24) verbunden ist.
- Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Trennwand (14) beidseitig ihrer Mittelebene (13) jeweils mit einer von der zugeordneten Kammer (16) ausgehenden und an die innere Mantelfläche (12) des Gehäuses (2) angrenzenden Tasche (23) versehen ist, in die der Überströmkanal (24) mündet.
- Schwenkantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (4) der Wellen-Flügel-Einheit (3) außerhalb des Gehäuses (2) drehmomentfest mit einem Arm (40) verbunden ist, dessen Schwenkbewegung von zwei Anschlagelementen (43) begrenzt wird, die formschlüssig mit dem Gehäuse (2) koppelbar sind.
- Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlagelemente (43) kreissegmentförmig sind und an ihrer äußeren Mantelfläche eine Verzahnung (44) aufweisen, die mit einer entsprechenden Verzahnung (45) an einer inneren Mantelfläche (46) eines an die Anschlagelemente (43) angepaßten ringförmigen Gehäuseteils (47) in Eingriff bringbar ist.
- Schwenkantrieb nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Anschlagelementen (43) Schalter (48) zur Rückmeldung der Position des Schwenkantriebs (1) befestigbar sind, wobei die Schalter (48) von dem Arm (40) betätigbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19821435 | 1998-05-13 | ||
DE19821435A DE19821435C2 (de) | 1998-05-13 | 1998-05-13 | Schwenkantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0957270A2 EP0957270A2 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
EP0957270A3 EP0957270A3 (de) | 2001-03-14 |
EP0957270B1 true EP0957270B1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
Family
ID=7867640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99107529A Expired - Lifetime EP0957270B1 (de) | 1998-05-13 | 1999-04-15 | Schwenkantrieb zur Betätigung einer Armatur |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0957270B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE256253T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19821435C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10240594A1 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Ventilklappe und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Ventilklappe |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3731599A (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1973-05-08 | Cameron Iron Works Inc | Rotary operator |
FR2286300A1 (fr) * | 1974-09-27 | 1976-04-23 | Autage Roger | Operateur rotatif a fluide sous pression |
FR2445898A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-04 | 1980-08-01 | Jacottet Paul Ets | Verin rotatif alternatif |
DE2905193A1 (de) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-08-21 | Rogatti Fa Harri | Druckmittelbetaetigter drehantrieb |
US4601231A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1986-07-22 | Torquer Co., Ltd. | Rotary actuator and making method thereof |
US4475738A (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1984-10-09 | Hilliard Lyons Patent Management Inc. | Dynamic seal arrangement with X-shaped seal |
EP0248986B1 (de) * | 1986-06-09 | 1992-03-04 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Hydraulisches Schwenkflügelstellglied |
FR2612572B1 (fr) * | 1987-03-18 | 1991-04-12 | Europ Propulsion | Dispositif fluidique a palette rotative sans joint d'etancheite interne |
DE19511488C2 (de) * | 1995-03-29 | 1998-09-17 | Festo Ag & Co | Fluidbetätigter Schwenkkolbenmotor |
-
1998
- 1998-05-13 DE DE19821435A patent/DE19821435C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-15 AT AT99107529T patent/ATE256253T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-15 DE DE59907984T patent/DE59907984D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-15 EP EP99107529A patent/EP0957270B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59907984D1 (de) | 2004-01-22 |
ATE256253T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
EP0957270A3 (de) | 2001-03-14 |
DE19821435C2 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
EP0957270A2 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
DE19821435A1 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
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