EP0953990A1 - Elektrischer Draht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Elektrischer Draht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953990A1
EP0953990A1 EP99400754A EP99400754A EP0953990A1 EP 0953990 A1 EP0953990 A1 EP 0953990A1 EP 99400754 A EP99400754 A EP 99400754A EP 99400754 A EP99400754 A EP 99400754A EP 0953990 A1 EP0953990 A1 EP 0953990A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
wire
ptfe
cable according
ribbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99400754A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Ferlier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP0953990A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953990A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulated conducting wire, especially for aeronautical and / or space applications. She also relates to an insulator for such a wire and to its method Manufacturing.
  • the insulation must have determined mechanical resistance properties. These properties are cut resistance, resistance to abrasion by scraping and abrasion resistance wire by wire.
  • Cut resistance is measured by force minimum that it is necessary to exercise, at a temperature determined, on an insulator, using a cutting tool standardized, to reach the driver.
  • the resistance to abrasion by scraping is measured at using a needle with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm which is applied on the insulation perpendicular to the wire axis with, according to standards, a force of 500g to 1Kg and that we move in one direction and in the other part of the wire.
  • the result is expressed by the minimum number of cycles, i.e. back and forth from the needle, at the end of which the conductor is exposed.
  • Wire-to-wire abrasion resistance is measured at using a test which consists in rubbing a first wire stretched against a second stretched wire, the first wire moving transversely to the second. Again, the result is expressed by the minimum number of cycles (back and forth) after which the two conductors are laid bare.
  • the insulator has a minimum sensitivity to the propagation of the electric arc.
  • polyimide is a very expensive material, at least around four times more than PTFE.
  • the polyimide price is even higher if it has properties hydrolysis resistance.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce an electric wire or cable for aeronautical and / or space use with insulation with comparable mechanical strength qualities to those of known insulators but of a price significantly less high and with good resistance properties propagation of the electric arc.
  • the wire or cable according to the invention comprises an insulator resistant to the propagation of the electric arc around a conductor, characterized in that the insulation is waterproof and includes a matrix, or base, of PTFE polymer and fibers mechanical reinforcement, continuous and of great length.
  • the fibers will be chosen to ensure the mechanical resistance required for the conductor insulation, i.e. cut resistance and resistance to abrasion (by scraping and thread by thread). They are continuous (no cut).
  • These fibers can be chosen from the group comprising: meta aramid or para-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, carbon fibers, fibers polyimides, PTFE fibers. Glass fibers can also be used if low resistance of the insulation to abrasion by scraping is sufficient. We can use either one fiber type, a combination of several types of fibers.
  • the risk of propagation electric arc is practically eliminated. In the case where the fibers are polyimide, this risk is, anyway, considerably reduced due to the decrease in the quantity polyimide.
  • the yarn according to the invention is less expensive than a conventional thread.
  • the reinforcing fibers have often a much lower cost than polyimide or PTFE.
  • the price per kilogram of a polyamide-imide fiber is about four times less than the price at kilogram of PTFE.
  • the insulation is preferably produced in the form of very long tape (typically several thousand meters) wrapped around the conductor.
  • the insulation is extruded in great length (typically several thousand meters) around the conductor wire, and therefore it is in the form of a large extrudate length.
  • the fibers are advantageously in the longitudinal direction of the ribbon.
  • the recovery rate between turns of the ribbon is example between 10 and 70%, preferably between 10 and 50%.
  • Reinforced tape has characteristics sufficient sealing, insulation and mechanical strength to be used alone on the conductor. Sealing is measured for example under atmospheric pressure by the possibility that the cable formed from the insulation around a core not to leave penetrate a fluid such as water radially, the ends said cable being emerged and the rest of the cable being submerged, at least for a few hours, for example some twelve hours. Thus tightness is measured for example by the test of tensile strength according to standard NF C 93523 or any standard equivalent (which corresponds to a 12-hour immersion), or well by the tensile test according to the ASTM standard D 3032 or even ASTM D 149.
  • the external PTFE tape has for example a thickness between 50 and 100 ⁇ m and a recovery rate between turns between 20 and 70%.
  • the conductor is 20 gauge, that is to say has a cross section of 0.6 mm 2
  • the ribbon, with a matrix or base of PTFE reinforced with fibers has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • Known conductive wires of gauge 20 usually comprise four layers of polyimide insulating tape with a thickness of approximately 30 ⁇ m.
  • the wire according to the invention will be significantly heavier than the conventional wire, especially since the density of the sintered PTFE (which is 2.2) is greater than the density ( 1.5 to 1.8) of the polyimide. Under these conditions, to limit the weight of the conductive wire fitted with insulating tape according to the invention, it would be advantageous to provide a recovery rate between turns of the tape which is relatively low, for example of the order of 10 to 20%.
  • Fibers can be used unbound with others, or can be used in an organized form such as nonwoven tape.
  • the fibers are embedded in the PTFE matrix.
  • the fibers are encrusted on the surface of the matrix, or base, of PTFE.
  • the conductor is for example made of copper or an alloy of copper or aluminum alloy and is advantageously covered of tin, silver or nickel.
  • the ribbon thus formed has a cut resistance and a resistance to scraping abrasion as high as possible and preferably comparable to the similar properties of known polyimide tapes.
  • the abrasion wire to wire is typically of the order of 6 million cycles
  • scraping abrasion is typically of the order of 100 cycles for a force of 0.8 kg
  • resistance to cutting, at room temperature, i.e. 20 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, with a needle 0.5 mm in diameter, is around 10 kgs.
  • fibers having a high modulus of elasticity in traction generally of 2 at 80 N / Tex (where Tex is the weight of the fiber in g / km).
  • fibers of polyamide-imide such as Kermel fibers from the company Rhodia.
  • a fiber of this type is usually made up of a set of 200 to 300 fibers each having a diameter of around 5 or 10 ⁇ m.
  • aramids such as those known under the brand Nomex or para-aramid fibers known under the brands Kevlar and Twaron of the Dupont de Nemours and Akzo companies.
  • a aramid is an aromatic polyamide.
  • the tape 10 comprises a matrix 12 of PTFE in which polyamide-imide fibers 14 1 , 14 2 , 14 3 , etc. are embedded. These fibers are unrelated to each other. However, they extend over a very long length in the longitudinal direction - represented by the arrow F - of the ribbon 10.
  • the thickness of the ribbon is approximately 50 ⁇ m and its width on the order of 350 mm during its manufacture. After manufacture, the ribbon is cut longitudinally into ribbons of widths of approximately 4 to 15 mm each.
  • FIG. 2 differs from that described in relation to FIG. 1 by the fact that polyamide-imide fibers 14 1 , 14 2 , 14 3 , etc. are used. in the form of a nonwoven ribbon, that is to say that said fibers are organized according to parallel weft threads 14 1 , 14 2 , 14 3 and are assembled by transverse warp threads 16 1 (a single warp thread has been shown in Figure 2).
  • the distance between two neighboring warp son is significantly greater than the distance between two neighboring weft son 14 1 , 14 2 .
  • FIG. 3 a section of a wire 20 having a central conductor 22 composed of a plurality of strands 21 1 , 21 2 etc., on which is applied a tape 10 with a recovery rate of the order 20% from one turn to another.
  • the recovery rate is the ratio between, of a share, the width 1 of overlap of two turns 26 and 28 ( Figure 6) of the ribbon wound on the conductor and, on the other hand, the total width L of the ribbon. In this way, along the wire we will have either a single thickness of the ribbon or a double thickness, the double thickness appearing only on approximately 20% of the length. In general, the recovery rate will be between 10 and 50%. However, it is in our interest to minimize this recovery rate so as to limit the weight of the wire and its outside diameter.
  • the ribbon 10 is covered by another ribbon 30 in PTFE of conventional type with a thickness between 30 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • This ribbon 30 is wound in the opposite direction of the ribbon 10, and with a recovery rate between 20 and 70%.
  • the fibers of an aqueous dispersion of PTFE Prior to the corresponding manufacturing stages in FIGS. 4 and 4a, a surface treatment of the fibers so as to improve the bond, or adhesion, between these and the PTFE matrix.
  • the fibers of an aqueous dispersion of PTFE is in the form of fine particles each of which has dimensions of the order of 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • the treatment by Corona effect consists in making circulate a fiber between two electrodes between which creates an electric arc.
  • the plasma of the electric arc performs a surface treatment of the fiber which helps its adhesion subsequent to the PTFE in which it will be embedded or on which it will be encrusted.
  • the fibers and PTFE are introduced into a PTFE extruder operating according to a process known as "pultrusion".
  • Unsintered PTFE powder is mixed with a lubricant such as a hydrocarbon, this mixture forming a whole pasty called "preform”.
  • the pultrusion device comprises, first of all, a guide device 32 into which the fibers are introduced longitudinally at the same time as the pasty mixture.
  • the fibers are pulled and the mixture pasty is pushed under high pressure and at a temperature of the order of 40 ° C, in a flat die 34 which reduces the cross section of the assembly to reach a ribbon thickness of the order of 60 ⁇ m.
  • the ribbon undergoes at the station cooking 36 cooking at a lower or equal temperature at 250 ° C intended to evaporate the lubricant.
  • the effort of traction at the exit of station 32 or 34 allows the installation of fibers in longitudinal direction.
  • the ribbon is introduced into a calendering station 38 which is shown schematically in Figure 4a. Calendering consists of reduce the thickness of the tape previously formed so as to reduce its thickness from 60 to 50 ⁇ m for example. This operation is generally carried out hot. It consists, in a way conventional, to provide two rollers 40 and 42 between which passes the ribbon 44 whose thickness is to be reduced.
  • the ribbon 10 thus produced is wound on a drum 46, then cut longitudinally as mentioned above.
  • the assembly thus formed, which comprises non-PTFE sintered, is then subjected to a sintering operation which consists of heating to a temperature of at least 342 ° C for about 1 minute.
  • This PTFE sintering operation increases the density of the latter, secures them different layers of ribbons, and changes the structure crystal of the PTFE polymer.
  • sintering expels air residual trapped by unsintered PTFE tapes.
  • the ribbon 50 is formed by the incrustation, by pressure, of fibers 52 at the surface of a ribbon 54 of unsintered PTFE whose thickness is between 25 and 40 ⁇ m.
  • a ribbon of fibers 52 arranged in a very long nonwoven ribbon and previously coated with an aqueous dispersion of PTFE and / or subjected to a Corona treatment as described above.
  • This pre-treatment is particularly useful in this realization, because the pressures exerted between the ribbon 54 of PTFE and the fiber ribbon 52 are significantly less important than in the process described in relation to Figures 4 and 4a.
  • the ribbon 52 of fibers non woven is applied to the PTFE 54 tape and the assembly is hot calendered as described with figure 4a. Pressure exerted between the calendering rollers 56 and 58 encrusts the fibers in the surface of the ribbon 54, thereby forming the ribbon 50.
  • the nonwoven ribbon 52 is placed between 2 PTFE tapes.
  • the ribbon based of non-sintered PTFE which is thus formed is wound around the wire conductor as described with other modes of production.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP99400754A 1998-04-09 1999-03-29 Elektrischer Draht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0953990A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9804434 1998-04-09
FR9804434A FR2777382A1 (fr) 1998-04-09 1998-04-09 Fil electrique et son procede de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0953990A1 true EP0953990A1 (de) 1999-11-03

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EP99400754A Withdrawn EP0953990A1 (de) 1998-04-09 1999-03-29 Elektrischer Draht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

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EP (1) EP0953990A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2264978A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2777382A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2921511B1 (fr) 2007-09-21 2010-03-12 Nexans Cable electrique resistant a la propagation d'arc electrique

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427183A (en) * 1943-10-25 1947-09-09 Du Pont Electrical insulation
US2691694A (en) * 1949-04-09 1954-10-12 Du Pont Polytetrafluoroethylene-glass fiber insulated electrical conductors
US4362069A (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-12-07 Markel Corporation High efficiency, abrasion resistant product and process
EP0076130A2 (de) * 1981-09-28 1983-04-06 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Bedrucken von Polymeren die eine niedere Oberflächenenergie aufweisen
WO1986003329A1 (fr) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-05 Habia Cable Sa Revetement isolant souple resistant au feu pour conduites, fils cables electriques et fibres optiques
EP0332932A2 (de) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-20 AUSIMONT U.S.A. Inc. Modifizierte fluorierte Polymere für schwer brennbare, raucharme, gefüllte Kabel
WO1990015422A1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-12-13 Rogers Corporation Coaxial cable insulation and coaxial cable made therefrom
EP0445523A2 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-09-11 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Leitfähige gefüllte Fluorpolymere

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427183A (en) * 1943-10-25 1947-09-09 Du Pont Electrical insulation
US2691694A (en) * 1949-04-09 1954-10-12 Du Pont Polytetrafluoroethylene-glass fiber insulated electrical conductors
US4362069A (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-12-07 Markel Corporation High efficiency, abrasion resistant product and process
EP0076130A2 (de) * 1981-09-28 1983-04-06 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Bedrucken von Polymeren die eine niedere Oberflächenenergie aufweisen
WO1986003329A1 (fr) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-05 Habia Cable Sa Revetement isolant souple resistant au feu pour conduites, fils cables electriques et fibres optiques
EP0332932A2 (de) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-20 AUSIMONT U.S.A. Inc. Modifizierte fluorierte Polymere für schwer brennbare, raucharme, gefüllte Kabel
WO1990015422A1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-12-13 Rogers Corporation Coaxial cable insulation and coaxial cable made therefrom
EP0445523A2 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-09-11 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Leitfähige gefüllte Fluorpolymere

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2777382A1 (fr) 1999-10-15
CA2264978A1 (fr) 1999-10-09

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