EP0953684A1 - Poutre en treillis et pont comportant une telle poutre - Google Patents
Poutre en treillis et pont comportant une telle poutre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0953684A1 EP0953684A1 EP98870100A EP98870100A EP0953684A1 EP 0953684 A1 EP0953684 A1 EP 0953684A1 EP 98870100 A EP98870100 A EP 98870100A EP 98870100 A EP98870100 A EP 98870100A EP 0953684 A1 EP0953684 A1 EP 0953684A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bars
- bridge
- apron
- cables
- rods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D6/00—Truss-type bridges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
- E04C2003/0495—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in several non-parallel surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the structures of construction called beams.
- a beam has the function to transfer efforts to its points of support applied.
- a beam is used when loads must be supported over a certain span, for example for the construction of a bridge or a farm frame.
- the invention relates in particular to an improvement brought to the beams called "truss beams". She also relates to bridges comprising such beams.
- the truss structures are good known in construction, and implemented in many applications.
- a two-dimensional variant of a beam trellis consists of an assembly of bars joining in knots, and forming triangles. Of three-dimensional variants are obtained by assembly bars to form triangles, themselves assembled in polyhedra (tetrahedron, pyramid, etc.).
- the beam as well consists of two or more support points, which can be built-in, ball joints or roller supports.
- Such a beam is subjected to static and / or dynamic forces, which apply to the nodes of the structure or are distributed over it, oriented vertically or in directions any. When loads are distributed over the bars, these bars must ensure the transfer to the nodes of the truss beam. Each of these bars must therefore be sized to withstand distributed loads which can be applied to it. Efforts can come for example of the self-weight of the structure, of a load applied to it, mobile loads traveling on it, wind, snow, or earthquakes but also a combination of these different forces.
- the bars In addition, in the case of distributed loads, typical in the construction of bridges, the bars must be sized to withstand not only the efforts of traction and compression, but also to the efforts of bending. It is therefore also necessary to provide for these bars a larger section than necessary to resume the tensile or compressive force. Efforts by bending can also develop in bars, when the trellis nodes are rigid.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a lattice beam which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above. Its purpose is to provide a beam in trellis capable of withstanding significant efforts and having good rigidity, while being light therefore less expensive than a conventional structure. It aims to increase the resistance without addition of material, by a more appropriate structure or morphology of the construction. It also aims at the realization of works such as bridges enjoying the above advantages.
- the subject of the invention is a truss beam consisting of an assembly of bars, connected in nodes articulated or rigid, and forming triangles.
- Bars are connected by means of connection to opposite nodes of the triangle or triangles of which they are a part.
- These connecting means preferably consist of cables or rods forming a fan. They can also consist otherwise, for example of a structural textile or thin sheet metal. These means of connection are advantageously secured to the bars by means capable of damping vibrations.
- the upper bars mainly subject to a compression force, are bent, the center of curvature being located on the side of the opposite node of a triangle which they are part of. Said means of connection are then put in traction, and thus limit the risk of buckling of upper bars.
- the invention also relates to a bridge comprising a truss beam according to the invention and an apron.
- the apron can be confused with the lower bars of the truss, and a connecting means, connecting the bars below the opposite vertices of the triangles of which they are a part, then resumes in whole or in part the load carried by said apron.
- the apron can also be located at an intermediate height between the lower bars and upper beam bars in trellis.
- the support of the apron can be provided by a range of cables or rods connecting the upper nodes from the lattice beam to the said deck. He can also be secured by a set of cables or rods connecting the upper bars of the lattice beam at the said apron. Apron support cables or rods can also be provided with means capable of absorbing the vibrations.
- Figure 1 shows a trellis beam following prior art 1 comprising a set of 2,3,4 bars joining in nodes 5.
- a truss beam is usually made up of 6 isosceles triangles, and more particularly equilateral. The dimensions of said triangles 6 are usually identical over the entire span of the truss beam according to the prior art 1.
- the beam 1 shown rests on a fulcrum 7 constituting a roller support, and a support point 8 constituting a ball joint.
- An effort applied to this beam 1 is represented by the arrows 9.
- the upper bars 3 of the beam 1 will be subjected to a compressive force. These bars 3 are then liable to undergo deformation buckling, and must therefore be dimensioned so to resist it, with sufficient security. This sizing should be done for all types of stresses to which beam 1 can be subjected.
- Figure 2 is a variant of Figure 1 in which a distributed load 9 applies to the bars This situation arises in particular in the case of a bridge, in which the deck 10 is confused with the lower bars 4, which work also in flexion.
- Figure 3 shows a bridge with a beam in trellis according to the prior art in which the deck 10 is located at an intermediate height between the bars lower 4 and upper bars 3.
- Apron 10 must be sized to withstand the loads which are applied and have the ability to resist in bending.
- Figure 4 shows a first embodiment of a truss beam according to the invention 11, which comprises, like the beam according to prior art 1, a set of bars 2,3,4 joining at nodes 5.
- These knots can be articulated, in which case the bars work exclusively in traction and compression. They can also be rigid, in which case the bars also work in bending.
- the upper bars 3, mainly subjected to a compressive force, are curved, the center of curvature being located on the side of the node 5 of the triangle 6 of which they are part.
- These bars 3 are connected by a connecting means 12 to the opposite nodes 5 triangles 6 of which they are part. Thanks to this means of link 12, the risk of the upper bars buckling 3 in the plane of the corresponding triangles 6 is reduced.
- the connecting means 12 can be a bar or a rod capable of resuming traction or compression. It can also be a set of cables 13, constituting a fan, as shown in Figure 4. Other connecting means 12 able to take up a force traction can be considered without departing from the scope of the invention, such as a thin sheet or a textile structural.
- Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a truss beam according to the invention 11, where distributed loads apply to the lower bars 4.
- a range of cables 13 or rods connects the nodes 5 upper points distributed along the bars lower 4. These cables 13 or rods resume, in all or in part, the distributed load. As a result, we can reduce the section of the lower bars 4.
- the first embodiment aimed at avoiding the buckling of a bar under the effect of an effort of compression
- the second embodiment aimed at avoid bending of a bar under the effect of loads applied or resulting from torques of a knot rigid, can of course be combined in one and same truss beam 11 according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a next bridge invention 16, comprising a truss beam 11 according to the invention.
- the apron 10 is supported by cables 17, 18 or rods. Cables or rods 17 connecting an upper bar 3 to a portion of the deck 10 can be oriented, like the cables 13, towards a lower node 5. This avoids crossings of these cables 13 and 17 and gives the whole look aesthetic. Cables or rods 18 connect a node 5 above points in the deck below.
- FIG. 7 illustrates another mode of suspension of the apron 10.
- the apron 10 is supported there by cables 18 connecting a node 5 above to points of the deck located both in triangle 6 immediately below node 5 than in neighboring 6 triangles.
- the connecting means 12 have not been there represented.
- FIGs 6 and 7 show the case where the deck is located substantially halfway up the beam in lattice 11. In this case, the buckling length of the 2 inclined bars is reduced by more than half.
- a bridge 16 in which the deck 10 is located substantially at the level of the lower bars 4, or at level of the upper bars 3.
- the cables 17 of support from a top bar 3 can be omitted.
- the support cables 18 from a node 5 higher may be omitted.
- Figure 10 is a side view of an example of bridge according to the invention 16 in which the triangles 6 whose bases constitute the lower bars 4 are subdivided, by means of additional bars 19, into one triangular mesh of reduced size. Cables or rods 18 connect the nodes 5 of this mesh of reduced dimensions to lower bars 4.
- Figures 1 to 10 are block diagrams, in the case of a planar structure. The considerations there apply also apply to formed beams two or more parallel planar structures, connected by sleepers, or to three-dimensional structures, made up of tetrahedrons or pyramids.
- the attachment of the connecting means 12 to the bars upper 3 and lower 4, as well as apron 10 can be made rigidly. She can however advantageously be carried out in such a way that vibration damping is obtained.
- the connecting means 12 passes through a wedging means 14, a visco-elastic seal 15, a lower bar 4, a second seal visco-elastic 15, and a second wedging means 14.
- the wedging means 14 can be constituted for example a bolt, tightened on a threaded end of the means connection 12.
- the visco-elastic joint can for example be made of Neoprene. We can thus dampen movements relative of the connecting means 12 and the lower bar 4 following the directions of said connecting means 12.
- Figures 12, 13 and 14 show an example for producing a bridge according to the invention 16, comprising a beam according to the invention 11.
- the structure of the beam consists of 5 meshes each comprising a pyramid 20 with a substantially rectangular base, on their point, and connected by a bar constituting an edge 21 from their base. Bracing crosses 22 provide the triangulation of said bases. Lower bars 4 connect the vertices of pyramids 20.
- the longitudinal dimensions of each of the meshes of the structure are not identical.
- the meshes located in the center of the span have a greater longitudinal dimension than meshes located near the ends.
- the upper bars 3 of these end meshes are bent downwards, under the effect of the traction of cables or rods 17 for supporting the access ramps to the apron 10.
- the apron can be straight. We can also bend it, as you can see in the figure 12, the arc and cable effect thereby reducing the section and avoid the risk of compression alternating cables or rods 17 and 18.
- the surface upper can advantageously constitute a roof 23, so to protect bridge users from the elements. This roof also fulfills the function of connecting means 12, by preventing the buckling of the upper bars 3 in a horizontal direction. Retaining cables or rods longitudinal 24 and lateral 25 ensure the stability of the whole structure of the bridge.
- Bridges according to the invention can include several aprons, superimposed or juxtaposed, and reserved each one has a type of circulation, for example automobile, rail or pedestrian.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- Poutre en treillis (11) constituée d'un assemblage de barres (2;3;4), reliées en des noeuds (5) articulés ou rigides, formant des triangles (6)
caractérisée en ce que
des barres (3;4) sont reliées par des moyens de liaison (12) aux noeuds (5) opposés du ou des triangles (6) dont elles font partie. - Poutre en treillis (11) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de liaison (12) sont choisis parmi les câbles (13), les tiges, formant un éventail, ou les textiles structurels et les tôles minces.
- Poutre en treillis (11) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de liaison (12) sont solidarisés aux barres (3;4) par des moyens aptes à amortir les vibrations.
- Poutre en treillis (11) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les barres supérieures (3), soumises principalement à un effort de compression, sont cintrées, le centre de courbure étant situé du coté du noeud (5) opposé d'un triangle (6) dont elles font partie.
- Pont (16) caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une poutre en treillis (11) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et au moins un tablier (10).
- Pont (16) suivant la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tablier (10) confondu avec les barres inférieures (4) de la poutre en treillis, et qu'un moyen de liaison reliant les dites barres inférieures (4) aux sommets opposés des triangles (6) dont elles font partie reprend en tout ou en partie la charge (9) portée par le dit tablier (10).
- Pont (16) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un tablier (10) situé à une hauteur intermédiaire entre les barres inférieures (4) et les barres supérieures (3) de la poutre en treillis (11).
- Pont (16) suivant la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le tablier (10) est supporté par un éventail de câbles ou des tiges (18) reliant les noeuds (5) supérieurs de la poutre en treillis (11) au dit tablier (10).
- Pont (16) suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 et 8 caractérisé en ce que le tablier (10) est supporté par un ensemble de câbles ou des tiges (17) reliant les barres supérieures (3) de la poutre en treillis (11) au dit tablier (10).
- Pont (16) suivant l'une quelconque des revendication 8 ou 9 caractérisé en ce que les câbles ou les tiges (17;18) sont solidarisés au tablier (10) par des moyens aptes à amortir les vibrations.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98870100A EP0953684B1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 | 1998-04-30 | Poutre en treillis et pont comportant une telle poutre |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98870100A EP0953684B1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 | 1998-04-30 | Poutre en treillis et pont comportant une telle poutre |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0953684A1 true EP0953684A1 (fr) | 1999-11-03 |
EP0953684B1 EP0953684B1 (fr) | 2000-04-05 |
Family
ID=8237037
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98870100A Expired - Lifetime EP0953684B1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 | 1998-04-30 | Poutre en treillis et pont comportant une telle poutre |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0953684B1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2457426A (en) * | 1945-11-05 | 1948-12-28 | Merl R Wolfard | Device for arresting undulations in bridging structures |
DE926730C (de) * | 1951-03-06 | 1955-04-21 | Salzgitter Maschinen Ag | Bruecke mit unmittelbar befahrbaren Stahlbetonfahrbahnplatten |
DE1156099B (de) * | 1960-06-24 | 1963-10-24 | Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh | Bruecke |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE662321C (de) * | 1935-01-10 | 1938-07-13 | Archibald Milne Hamilton | Knotenblech fuer Fachwerkbruecken |
DE975280C (de) * | 1951-02-06 | 1961-11-02 | Aug Kloenne Fa | Stahl-Fachwerkbruecke mit Stahlbeton-Fahrbahnplatte |
-
1998
- 1998-04-30 EP EP98870100A patent/EP0953684B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2457426A (en) * | 1945-11-05 | 1948-12-28 | Merl R Wolfard | Device for arresting undulations in bridging structures |
DE926730C (de) * | 1951-03-06 | 1955-04-21 | Salzgitter Maschinen Ag | Bruecke mit unmittelbar befahrbaren Stahlbetonfahrbahnplatten |
DE1156099B (de) * | 1960-06-24 | 1963-10-24 | Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh | Bruecke |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PH SAMYN AND L KAISIN: "Harmonic Structures:The case of an isostatic Truss Beam", PROC. ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON SHELL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES, 21 May 1996 (1996-05-21), BEIJING - CHINA, pages 255 - 262 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0953684B1 (fr) | 2000-04-05 |
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