EP0953113B1 - Reciprocating compressor - Google Patents

Reciprocating compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953113B1
EP0953113B1 EP97900186A EP97900186A EP0953113B1 EP 0953113 B1 EP0953113 B1 EP 0953113B1 EP 97900186 A EP97900186 A EP 97900186A EP 97900186 A EP97900186 A EP 97900186A EP 0953113 B1 EP0953113 B1 EP 0953113B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
compressor
cylinder
accordance
support part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97900186A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0953113A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Baumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Copco Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
GreenField AG
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Publication date
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Application filed by GreenField AG filed Critical GreenField AG
Priority to DK97900186T priority Critical patent/DK0953113T3/en
Publication of EP0953113A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953113A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/143—Sealing provided on the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/008—Spacing or clearance between cylinder and piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity
    • F05C2251/046—Expansivity dissimilar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/01—Materials digest

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reciprocating compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned are the piston and the cylinder each with a tread from one wear-resistant material, the piston via a rolling element, e.g. a ball on a with a drive device coupled connecting part supported and movable in the cylinder transversely to the longitudinal axis is led.
  • a rolling element e.g. a ball on a with a drive device coupled connecting part supported and movable in the cylinder transversely to the longitudinal axis
  • the wear-resistant materials must be used the piston and the cylinder so that they at least approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion have to the leakage loss during operation in the to keep essentially constant.
  • the invention has for its object one further developed for designs with within one relatively large range of selectable dimensions suitable reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned in a simple, inexpensive construction to create which with little construction effort too in the case of relatively long-stroke versions, the formation of a dry-running split ring seal enables a constant leakage flow guaranteed.
  • the Material combination provided according to the invention is also for versions with relatively high Piston speeds suitable, in particular the Sheath body made of plastic also in the case a failure of the split ring seal a blockage prevents the piston and thus a high Operational reliability of the compressor guaranteed.
  • the Plastic of the jacket body can also with a Dry lubricant, e.g. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE) or the like be endowed.
  • a particular advantage of Execution according to the invention is that the described, essentially non-contact guidance of the Pistons with simple means, especially without additional, elaborate management facility, and under Use of inexpensive, relatively easy to use machining materials can be achieved.
  • Corresponding are also inexpensive versions with relatively large Piston / cylinder and / or stroke dimensions can be realized.
  • the reciprocating compressor shown a four-stage Compressor for the oil-free compression of a gas four horizontally arranged in series Cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 with pistons guided therein, from which are only guided by a piston 5 in cylinder 4 is shown.
  • the cylinders 2 and 4 are in one horizontal horizontal line lying on the drawing plane Axis 6 centered, while cylinders 1 and 3 on one common, set back from the drawing level horizontal axis 7 are centered.
  • the pistons of the Cylinders 2 and 4 are each one in the direction of the axis 6 movable guide part 8 and 10 and one connecting yoke 11 coupled to a slider 12.
  • the slider 12 is on a crank pin 13 one vertically arranged crankshaft 14 mounted and between two guideways 15 formed in the yoke 11 guided transversely to axis 6.
  • the pistons of the Cylinders 1 and 3 are each via a guide part 16 or 17 and a second yoke 18 connecting them with a mounted on the crank pin 13, not shown coupled second slider, which in the opposite the first yoke 11 offset by 90 ° second yoke 18 transversely is guided displaceably to axis 7.
  • the crankshaft 14 is in a central crank chamber 20 of the Compressor housing arranged and not with one engine shown, e.g. an electric motor, coupled.
  • the guide part 10 is in via a connecting part 21 a bushing 22 open towards the crank chamber 20, which in a housing part 4a of the cylinder 4th is arranged.
  • the guide parts 8, 16 and 17 are each in correspondingly via a not shown Connected part in a sleeve 22, which in a Housing section 2a or 1a or 3a of the relevant Cylinder 2 or 1 or 3 is arranged.
  • the suction valve 23 of the cylinder 1 forming a first compression stage is connected to a source via a suction line 25 compressing gas can be connected.
  • the pressure valve 24 of the Cylinder 1 is connected via a connecting line 26 to the Suction valve 23 of the second compression stage Cylinder 2 connected.
  • the pressure valve 24 of the cylinder 2 via a Connection line 27 to the suction valve 23 of the third Compression stage forming cylinder 3 connected, its pressure valve 24 via a connecting line 28 the suction valve 23 of the designed for the final pressure Cylinder 4 is connected.
  • the pressure valve 24 of the Cylinder 4 is on a leading away from the compressor Pressure line 30 connected.
  • the connecting lines 26, 27 and 28 each contain a cooling unit 31 for cooling of the subsequent compression stage to be fed Gas.
  • the pistons are in cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 each run dry.
  • the cylinders 1, 2 and 3 guided pistons e.g. from the beginning mentioned EP patent 0 378 967 known, each with a sealing arrangement, not shown, and a Guide ring made of a suitable for dry running Material, e.g. Teflon.
  • These pistons can via the guide parts 8 each forming a piston neck, 16 and 17 each rigid with the associated yoke 11 or 18 be connected.
  • the piston 5 of the designed for the final pressure Compression stage is arranged in a cylinder 4 Cylinder insert 33 guided, the bore with the piston 5 one open over the entire common length Annular gap that limits a predetermined leakage flow of the compressed in the compression space 32 of the cylinder 4 Allows gas against the connecting part 21.
  • One in Connection part 21 arranged through opening 34 allows leakage gas to flow into the crankcase 20, from which the leak gas via a not shown Discharge line and if necessary the Suction line 25 can be supplied.
  • the piston 5 is coupled to the yoke 11 via a bracket 36 which Relative movements of the rigidly connected to the yoke 11 Guide part 10 and the connecting part 21 transverse to Longitudinal axis 6 of the piston 5 allows.
  • the tread of the The cylinder insert can be coated with a hard material layer, e.g. one made of amorphous diamond-like carbon (ADLC), titanium nitride or the like.
  • ADLC amorphous diamond-like carbon
  • the guide part 10 is in the form of a Centering projection 37 of the yoke 11 attachable sleeve on which the connecting part 21 is appropriate.
  • the connecting part 21 is in the form of a Pot-shaped guide piston, the According to the illustration, the lateral surface has a guide ring 40 from a suitable for dry running, self-lubricating material, e.g. Teflon or Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), can be provided.
  • a suitable for dry running, self-lubricating material e.g. Teflon or Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
  • the Bracket 36 contains the connecting part 21 and the Guide part 10 penetrating into the yoke 11th screw-in support part 38, one against the Connecting part 21 and the guide part 10 braced Head portion 41, and a transverse to the longitudinal axis 6 of the Cylinder 4 or the piston 5 movable support element in the form of between the head section 41 and the piston 5 insertable piston rod 42 which on the piston 5 and in the Head section 41 is held tiltable on all sides.
  • the piston rod 42 is included convex support surfaces formed on their end faces 43 provided in the form of spherical caps and each of these on one in the head section 41 or in the piston 5 arranged attachment section supported.
  • the support surfaces 43 can each be shown with a radius of curvature r be made of substantially half the length corresponds to the piston rod 42 and each one of Free rolling movement of the concerned Support surface 43 allowed on the touchdown.
  • the attachments can as shown on two bearing parts 46 and 47 be formed, each in an axial blind bore 44 or 45 of the head section 41 or of the piston 5 are arranged.
  • the holes 44 and 45 are like this executed that they all-round deflection movements of the Allow piston rod 42, the bore 45 of the Piston 5 has such a depth that the Penetration depth of the piston rod 42 at least approximately half the length, approximately ca. the length of the Piston 5 corresponds. This allows the in his Pistons 5 held movably in the head region each automatically set to a position that one All-round flow through the leak gas enables.
  • the Bore 44 of the head section 41 is shown for Inclusion of a retaining ring 56 surrounding the bearing part 46 certainly.
  • the bearing parts 46 and 47 can each from one hardened steel or with a contact surface made of a wear-resistant material, e.g. Hard metal, be provided.
  • the piston-side end of the piston rod 42 is in the Bore 45 of the piston 5 through an in an annular groove 50 the resilient snap ring 51 arranged on the piston rod 42 performed, which deflection movements of the piston rod 42nd by rolling movements of the support surface 43 on the bearing part 47 allows.
  • the snap ring 51 is through a in the bore 45 insertable spacer sleeve 52 held on a in an inner groove 53 of the piston 5 insertable, resilient Support ring 54 is supported and by which the Piston rod 42 held against the bearing part 47 is.
  • the other end of the piston rod 42 is through one correspondingly arranged second snap ring 51 in the in the bore 44 of the head portion 41 arranged retaining ring 56 held by an in an inner groove 57 of the Head section 51 insertable second support ring 54 secured is.
  • the retaining ring 56 is shown with a Bore 55 executed which one for receiving the Circlips 51 certain shoulder shoulders 58 and one of them is conical towards the piston 5 has widening end portion 60, the corresponding Deflection movements of the piston rod 42 through Rolling movements of the support surface 43 on the bearing part 46 allows.
  • the Head section 41 may also be provided with a bore 44, which extends deeper into the support part 38 and thus the inclusion of a correspondingly longer one End portion of the piston rod 42 allows. Thereby can optionally have a longer piston rod 42 corresponding to a larger radius r of the contact surfaces 43 be used. Execution is also possible, in which the piston 5 is provided with a bore 45, their depth e.g. that of the bore 44 of the head section 41 corresponds to the illustrated embodiment.
  • the piston 5 has a metallic, e.g. from one Ni-Fe alloy, manufactured base body 61 and one this at least partially, as shown in essentially the entire length, surrounding Sheath body 62, which consists of a Plastic material, e.g. a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is made, and on which the tread of the piston 5 is formed.
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • the materials of the piston 5 and him receiving cylinder insert 33 are so on top of each other voted that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the Cylinder material at least approximately from the Combination of thermal expansion coefficients Materials of the base body 61 and the jacket body 62 resulting coefficient of the piston 5 corresponds. This is through a combination of materials with each different thermal expansion behavior Compressor design with a predetermined one Temperature range constant annular gap between Piston 5 and cylinder 4 or cylinder insert 33 realizable.
  • the jacket body 62 can be in the form of a Base body 61 shrinkable over its length running sleeve or, as in Fig.2 shown, consisting of several, each side by side attachable to the base body 61, e.g. aufpressbaren Ring sections 63 may be composed.
  • the coat body 62 can also have several, in the axial direction staggered annular grooves 64 can be executed, which, according to the illustration, are due to each other adjacent ends of the ring portions 63 are formed.
  • the ring grooves 64 enable a uniform Distribution of the pressure in the annular gap, the degraded in each case in the narrow gap between the ring grooves 64 becomes.
  • the Jacket body 62 or each of the ring portions 63 with a reinforcement structure composed of a plurality of long fibers 65 be provided, each in a substantially transverse plane extending to the longitudinal axis 6 of the casing body 62 are arranged.
  • the long fibers 65, in the illustrated Carbon fibers can, as indicated in Fig. 2, each in a circumferential direction of the jacket body 62 penetrating winding or, after another, not illustrated embodiment, each in a flat Be arranged from several, each in a structure crossing at right angles to the longitudinal axis 6 Long fiber pieces is formed.
  • the yoke 11 is through the two connecting parts 21 in Housing of the compressor in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 slidably guided and above that described Support arrangement with the under the corresponding final pressure standing piston 5 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 without play connected.
  • a transfer of transverse forces from the Connecting parts 21 with corresponding lateral play sliding yoke 11 prevented on the piston 5, so that one of vibrations of the yoke 11 unaffected parallel guidance of the piston 5 within of the cylinder 4 or the cylinder insert 33 achievable is.
  • relatively long-stroke ones High pressure compressors e.g.
  • each with a dry-running split ring seal are executed, which one during operation has a constant annular gap, the one constant, the piston 5 over its entire length enveloping leakage flow of the compressed gas and thus a kind of storage of the piston 5 by the compressed gas guaranteed.
  • the described embodiment enables the Formation of flow-through ring gaps in compressors, where the difference between the diameter of the Bore of the cylinder insert 33 and the diameter of the Piston 5 less than 0.02 mm, e.g. 0.005 mm, where the thickness of the annular gap by each between the compression space 32 and the crank space 20 operationally established, as acceptable considered leakage loss is determined.
  • an operationally acceptable Leakage loss e.g. kept constant less than 10% become.
  • the invention is not based on the embodiments of the above described and illustrated type, still on applications limited in the high pressure range.
  • the illustrated Example can include at least one more Compression stage, such as the cylinder 3, according to the invention be trained.
  • the embodiment according to the invention is also for other, single or multi-stage versions, e.g. Compressors for low temperature technology, suitable.
  • the compressor contains at least one Piston running dry, which with a Cylinder insert one over the common Length section open annular gap limited, one Leakage flow of the compressed medium allows.
  • the piston is about a piston rod with one towards it Coupled longitudinally guided support part coupled, which is connected to a drive device.
  • the Piston rod interacts with the piston and the support part end convex support surfaces together, which cross relative movements of the Allow support part opposite the piston. Corresponding becomes one of vibrations of the drive parts unaffected parallel guidance of the piston in the Cylinder insert achieved.
  • the piston has one metallic body and one from one Plastic body manufactured on the body the tread of the piston is formed.
  • the cylinder is made of a material whose Thermal expansion coefficient at least approximately one resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the Materials of the base body and the jacket body equivalent.
  • the compressor according to the invention is especially for the oil-free compression of a gas suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The compressor contains at least one piston (5) guided in a dry-running manner which, together with a cylinder insert (33), bounds a ring gap which is open over the common longitudinal section in each case and permits a leakage flow of the compressed medium. The piston (5) is coupled via a piston rod (42) to a support part (38) which is displaceably guided in the direction of its longitudinal axis (6) and is connected to a drive device. The piston rod (42) cooperates with the piston (5) and the support part (38) via support surfaces (43) which are convex at the end faces and permit relative movements of the support part (38) with respect to the piston (5) which extend transversely to the longitudinal axis (6). Accordingly, a parallel guidance of the piston (5) in the cylinder insert (33) is achieved which is not influenced by oscillations of the driving parts. The piston (5) has a metallic basic body (61) and a sleeve member (62) made of a plastic material on which the running surface of the piston (5) is formed. The cylinder is manufactured of a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion corresponds at least approximately to a resultant coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials of the basic body (61) and of the sleeve member (62). The compressor in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for the oil-free compression of a gas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hubkolbenkompressor entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a reciprocating compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem aus der EP-Patentschrift 0 378 967 bekannten Hubkolbenkompressor der genannten Art sind der Kolben und der Zylinder je mit einer Lauffläche aus einem verschleissfesten Material ausgeführt, wobei der Kolben über einen Wälzkörper, z.B. eine Kugel, auf einem mit einer Antriebseinrichtung gekoppelten Verbindungsteil abgestützt und im Zylinder quer zur Längsachse beweglich geführt ist. Durch die bekannte Ausführung wird insbesondere bei kurzhubigen Kleinkompressoren eine trockenlaufende Spaltringdichtung erzielt, die eine vorbestimmte Leckströmung des verdichteten Mediums zulässt. Dabei müssen die verschleissfesten Werkstoffe des Kolbens und des Zylinders so gewählt werden, dass sie zumindest annähernd gleiche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, um den Leckageverlust während des Betriebes im wesentlichen konstant zu halten.In one known from EP patent specification 0 378 967 Reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned are the piston and the cylinder each with a tread from one wear-resistant material, the piston via a rolling element, e.g. a ball on a with a drive device coupled connecting part supported and movable in the cylinder transversely to the longitudinal axis is led. Due to the well-known design especially for short stroke small compressors dry-running split ring seal achieved the one predetermined leakage flow of the compressed medium allows. The wear-resistant materials must be used the piston and the cylinder so that they at least approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion have to the leakage loss during operation in the to keep essentially constant.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen weiter entwickelten, für Ausführungen mit innerhalb einer relativ grossen Bandbreite wählbaren Abmessungen geeigneten Hubkolbenkompressor der eingangs genannten Art in einer einfachen, kostengünstig herstellbaren Bauweise zu schaffen, welche mit geringem baulichem Aufwand auch bei relativ langhubigen Ausführungen die Bildung einer trockenlaufenden Spaltringdichtung ermöglicht, die eine konstante Leckageströmung gewährleistet.The invention has for its object one further developed for designs with within one relatively large range of selectable dimensions suitable reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned in a simple, inexpensive construction to create which with little construction effort too in the case of relatively long-stroke versions, the formation of a dry-running split ring seal enables a constant leakage flow guaranteed.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Durch die erfindungsgemäss vorgesehene Kombination eines mit einem metallischen Grundkörper und einem diesen umgebenden Mantelkörper aus Kunststoff ausgeführten Kolbens und eines diesen mit einem Ringspalt umgebenden Zylinders kann die Wärmeausdehnung des Kolbens auf besonders einfache, kostengünstige Weise beeinflusst und an den durch das verwendete Material des Zylinders gegebenen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der den Kolben umgebenden Zylinderpartie angepasst bzw. innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Ausdehnungsbereichs gehalten werden, indem die Materialwahl und das Verhältnis der Teilquerschnitte des Grundkörpers und des Mantelkörpers entsprechend einer vorbestimmten resultierenden Wärmedehnung der beiden Kolbenteile aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Entsprechend ist eine trockenlaufende Spaltringdichtung mit einem im wesentlichen konstanten, minimalen Spiel zwischen dem Kolben und dem Zylinder erzielbar, so dass innerhalb eines relativ grossen, betriebsmässig vorbestimmten Temperaturbereichs eine berührungslose, von Seitenkräften freie Führung des Kolbens gewährleistet werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäss vorgesehene Materialkombination ist auch für Ausführungen mit relativ hohen Kolbengeschwindigkeiten geeignet, wobei insbesondere der aus Kunststoff gefertigte Mantelkörper auch im Falle eines Versagens der Spaltringdichtung eine Blockierung des Kolbens verhindert und damit eine hohe Betriebssicherheit des Kompressors gewährleistet. Der Kunststoff des Mantelkörpers kann zudem mit einem Trockenschmierstoff, z.B. Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Polyethylen (PE) oder dgl. dotiert werden. Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemässen Ausführung besteht darin, dass die beschriebene, im wesentlichen berührungsfreie Führung des Kolbens mit einfachen Mitteln, insbesondere ohne zusätzliche, aufwendige Führungseinrichtung, und unter Verwendung von kostengünstigen, relativ leicht zu bearbeitenden Materialien erzielbar ist. Entsprechend sind auch kostengünstige Ausführungen mit relativ grossen Kolben/Zylinder- und/oder Hubabmessungen realisierbar.This task is carried out in the characterizing part of the Features specified claim 1 solved. Through the combination according to the invention provided with a metallic base body and a surrounding Sheath body made of plastic piston and a cylinder surrounding it with an annular gap can increase the thermal expansion of the piston particularly simple, inexpensive way influenced and to the given by the material used for the cylinder Coefficient of thermal expansion of those surrounding the piston Cylinder section adjusted or within a predetermined expansion range can be maintained by the choice of material and the ratio of the partial cross-sections of the base body and the shell body corresponding to one predetermined resulting thermal expansion of the two Piston parts are coordinated. Corresponding is a dry-running split ring seal with an im essentially constant, minimal game between the Piston and cylinder achievable, so inside a relatively large, operationally predetermined Temperature range a non-contact, by side forces free guidance of the piston can be guaranteed. The Material combination provided according to the invention is also for versions with relatively high Piston speeds suitable, in particular the Sheath body made of plastic also in the case a failure of the split ring seal a blockage prevents the piston and thus a high Operational reliability of the compressor guaranteed. The Plastic of the jacket body can also with a Dry lubricant, e.g. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE) or the like be endowed. A particular advantage of Execution according to the invention is that the described, essentially non-contact guidance of the Pistons with simple means, especially without additional, elaborate management facility, and under Use of inexpensive, relatively easy to use machining materials can be achieved. Corresponding are also inexpensive versions with relatively large Piston / cylinder and / or stroke dimensions can be realized.

In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung hervorgehoben.Further configurations are in the dependent claims highlighted the invention.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
einen erfindungsgemäss ausgeführten Hubkolbenkompressor in einer Draufsicht mit einem horizontalen Teilschnitt, und
Fig.2
eine Einzelheit des Hubkolbenkompressors nach Fig.1 in einer grösseren Darstellung.
Further details and features emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
Fig.1
a reciprocating compressor designed according to the invention in a plan view with a horizontal partial section, and
Fig.2
a detail of the reciprocating compressor according to Figure 1 in a larger representation.

Der dargestellte Hubkolbenkompressor, ein vierstufiger Kompressor zum ölfreien Verdichten eines Gases, enthält vier horizontal angeordnete, in Reihe geschaltete Zylinder 1, 2, 3 und 4 mit darin geführten Kolben, von denen nur ein im Zylinder 4 geführter Kolben 5 dargestellt ist. Die Zylinder 2 und 4 sind auf eine in der Zeichnungsebene liegende, gemeinsame horizontale Achse 6 zentriert, während die Zylinder 1 und 3 auf eine gegenüber der Zeichnungsebene zurückversetzte, gemeinsame horizontale Achse 7 zentiert sind. Die Kolben der Zylinder 2 und 4 sind je über einen in Richtung der Achse 6 beweglichen Führungsteil 8 bzw. 10 und ein diese verbindendes Joch 11 mit einem Gleitstück 12 gekoppelt. Das Gleitstück 12 ist auf einem Kurbelzapfen 13 einer vertikal angeordneten Kurbelwelle 14 gelagert und zwischen zwei im Joch 11 ausgebildeten Führungsbahnen 15 quer zur Achse 6 verschiebbar geführt. Die Kolben der Zylinder 1 und 3 sind je über einen Führungsteil 16 bzw. 17 und ein diese verbindendes zweites Joch 18 mit einem auf dem Kurbelzapfen 13 gelagerten, nicht dargestellten zweiten Gleitstück gekoppelt, welches in dem gegenüber dem ersten Joch 11 um 90° versetzten zweiten Joch 18 quer zur Achse 7 verschiebbar geführt ist. Die Kurbelwelle 14 ist in einem zentralen Kurbelraum 20 des Kompressorgehäuses angeordnet und mit einem nicht dargestellten Motor, z.B. einem Elektromotor, gekuppelt.The reciprocating compressor shown, a four-stage Compressor for the oil-free compression of a gas four horizontally arranged in series Cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 with pistons guided therein, from which are only guided by a piston 5 in cylinder 4 is shown. The cylinders 2 and 4 are in one horizontal horizontal line lying on the drawing plane Axis 6 centered, while cylinders 1 and 3 on one common, set back from the drawing level horizontal axis 7 are centered. The pistons of the Cylinders 2 and 4 are each one in the direction of the axis 6 movable guide part 8 and 10 and one connecting yoke 11 coupled to a slider 12. The slider 12 is on a crank pin 13 one vertically arranged crankshaft 14 mounted and between two guideways 15 formed in the yoke 11 guided transversely to axis 6. The pistons of the Cylinders 1 and 3 are each via a guide part 16 or 17 and a second yoke 18 connecting them with a mounted on the crank pin 13, not shown coupled second slider, which in the opposite the first yoke 11 offset by 90 ° second yoke 18 transversely is guided displaceably to axis 7. The crankshaft 14 is in a central crank chamber 20 of the Compressor housing arranged and not with one engine shown, e.g. an electric motor, coupled.

Der Führungsteil 10 ist über einen Verbindungsteil 21 in einer gegen den Kurbelraum 20 offenen Büchse 22 geführt, welche in einer Gehäusepartie 4a des Zylinders 4 angeordnet ist. Die Führungsteile 8, 16 und 17 sind je in entsprechender Weise über einen nicht dargestellten Verbindungsteil in einer Büchse 22 geführt, die in einer Gehäusepartie 2a bzw. 1a bzw. 3a des betreffenden Zylinders 2 bzw. 1 bzw. 3 angeordnet ist.The guide part 10 is in via a connecting part 21 a bushing 22 open towards the crank chamber 20, which in a housing part 4a of the cylinder 4th is arranged. The guide parts 8, 16 and 17 are each in correspondingly via a not shown Connected part in a sleeve 22, which in a Housing section 2a or 1a or 3a of the relevant Cylinder 2 or 1 or 3 is arranged.

Die Kolben begrenzen in den Zylindern 1, 2, 3 und 4 je einen Kompressionsraum, welcher mit zwei am betreffenden Zylinderkopf 1b, 2b, 3b bzw. 4b angeordneten Rückschlagventilen - einem Saugventil 23 und einem Druckventil 24 - in Verbindung steht. Das Saugventil 23 des eine erste Verdichtungsstufe bildenden Zylinders 1 ist über eine Ansaugleitung 25 an eine Quelle eines zu verdichtenden Gases anschliessbar. Das Druckventil 24 des Zylinders 1 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 26 an das Saugventil 23 des die zweite Verdichtungsstufe bildenden Zylinders 2 angeschlossen. In entsprechender Weise ist das Druckventil 24 des Zylinders 2 über eine Verbindungsleitung 27 an das Saugventil 23 des die dritte Verdichtungsstufe bildenden Zylinders 3 angeschlossen, dessen Druckventil 24 über eine Verbindungsleitung 28 an das Saugventil 23 des für den Enddruck ausgelegten Zylinders 4 angeschlossen ist. Das Druckventil 24 des Zylinders 4 ist an eine vom Kompressor wegführende Druckleitung 30 angeschlossen. Die Verbindungsleitungen 26, 27 und 28 enthalten je ein Kühlaggregat 31 zum Kühlen des der jeweils folgenden Verdichtungsstufe zuzuführenden Gases.The pistons limit in cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 each a compression room, which with two on the concerned Cylinder head 1b, 2b, 3b and 4b arranged Check valves - a suction valve 23 and one Pressure valve 24 - communicates. The suction valve 23 of the cylinder 1 forming a first compression stage is connected to a source via a suction line 25 compressing gas can be connected. The pressure valve 24 of the Cylinder 1 is connected via a connecting line 26 to the Suction valve 23 of the second compression stage Cylinder 2 connected. In a similar way the pressure valve 24 of the cylinder 2 via a Connection line 27 to the suction valve 23 of the third Compression stage forming cylinder 3 connected, its pressure valve 24 via a connecting line 28 the suction valve 23 of the designed for the final pressure Cylinder 4 is connected. The pressure valve 24 of the Cylinder 4 is on a leading away from the compressor Pressure line 30 connected. The connecting lines 26, 27 and 28 each contain a cooling unit 31 for cooling of the subsequent compression stage to be fed Gas.

Die Kolben sind in den Zylindern 1, 2, 3 und 4 je trockenlaufend geführt. Die in den Zylindern 1, 2 und 3 geführten Kolben können, wie z.B. aus der eingangs genannten EP-Patentschrift 0 378 967 bekannt, je mit einer nicht dargestellten Dichtungsanordnung und einem Führungsring aus einem für den Trockenlauf geeigneten Material, z.B. Teflon, versehen sein. Diese Kolben können über die je einen Kolbenhals bildenden Führungsteile 8, 16 und 17 je mit dem zugehörigen Joch 11 bzw. 18 starr verbunden sein.The pistons are in cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 each run dry. The cylinders 1, 2 and 3 guided pistons, e.g. from the beginning mentioned EP patent 0 378 967 known, each with a sealing arrangement, not shown, and a Guide ring made of a suitable for dry running Material, e.g. Teflon. These pistons can via the guide parts 8 each forming a piston neck, 16 and 17 each rigid with the associated yoke 11 or 18 be connected.

Der Kolben 5 der für den Enddruck ausgelegten Verdichtungsstufe ist in einem im Zylinder 4 angeordneten Zylindereinsatz 33 geführt, dessen Bohrung mit dem Kolben 5 einen jeweils über die ganze gemeinsame Länge offenen Ringspalt begrenzt, der eine vorbestimmte Leckströmung des im Kompressionsraum 32 des Zylinders 4 verdichteten Gases gegen den Verbindungsteil 21 hin zulässt. Eine im Verbindungsteil 21 angeordnete Durchtrittsöffnung 34 gestattet ein Abströmen des Leckgases in den Kurbelraum 20, aus dem das Leckgas über eine nicht dargestellte Abströmleitung abgeführt und gegebenenfalls der Ansaugleitung 25 zugeführt werden kann. Der Kolben 5 ist mit dem Joch 11 über eine Halterung 36 gekoppelt, welche Relativbewegungen des mit dem Joch 11 starr verbundenen Führungsteils 10 und des Verbindungsteils 21 quer zur Längsachse 6 des Kolbens 5 zulässt. Die Lauffläche des Zylindereinsatzes kann mit einer Hartstoffschicht, z.B. einer solchen aus amorphem diamantartigem Kohlenstoff (ADLC), Titannitrid oder dgl., versehen sein.The piston 5 of the designed for the final pressure Compression stage is arranged in a cylinder 4 Cylinder insert 33 guided, the bore with the piston 5 one open over the entire common length Annular gap that limits a predetermined leakage flow of the compressed in the compression space 32 of the cylinder 4 Allows gas against the connecting part 21. One in Connection part 21 arranged through opening 34 allows leakage gas to flow into the crankcase 20, from which the leak gas via a not shown Discharge line and if necessary the Suction line 25 can be supplied. The piston 5 is coupled to the yoke 11 via a bracket 36 which Relative movements of the rigidly connected to the yoke 11 Guide part 10 and the connecting part 21 transverse to Longitudinal axis 6 of the piston 5 allows. The tread of the The cylinder insert can be coated with a hard material layer, e.g. one made of amorphous diamond-like carbon (ADLC), titanium nitride or the like.

Der Führungsteil 10 ist in Form einer auf einen Zentrieransatz 37 des Jochs 11 aufsteckbaren Hülse ausgebildet, auf welcher der Verbindungsteil 21 angebracht ist. Der Verbindungsteil 21 ist in Form eines topfartigen Führungskolbens ausgebildet, dessen Mantelfläche darstellungsgemäss mit einem Führungsring 40 aus einem für den Trockenlauf geeigneten, selbstschmierenden Material, z.B. Teflon oder Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), versehen sein kann. Die Halterung 36 enthält einen den Verbindungsteil 21 und den Führungsteil 10 durchsetzenden, in das Joch 11 einschraubbaren Stützteil 38, der eine gegen den Verbindungsteil 21 und den Führungsteil 10 verspannbare Kopfpartie 41 aufweist, und ein quer zur Längsachse 6 des Zylinders 4 bzw. des Kolbens 5 bewegliches Stützelement in Form einer zwischen die Kopfpartie 41 und den Kolben 5 einsetzbaren Kolbenstange 42, die am Kolben 5 und in der Kopfpartie 41 allseitig neigbar gehalten ist.The guide part 10 is in the form of a Centering projection 37 of the yoke 11 attachable sleeve on which the connecting part 21 is appropriate. The connecting part 21 is in the form of a Pot-shaped guide piston, the According to the illustration, the lateral surface has a guide ring 40 from a suitable for dry running, self-lubricating material, e.g. Teflon or Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), can be provided. The Bracket 36 contains the connecting part 21 and the Guide part 10 penetrating into the yoke 11th screw-in support part 38, one against the Connecting part 21 and the guide part 10 braced Head portion 41, and a transverse to the longitudinal axis 6 of the Cylinder 4 or the piston 5 movable support element in the form of between the head section 41 and the piston 5 insertable piston rod 42 which on the piston 5 and in the Head section 41 is held tiltable on all sides.

Wie aus der Fig.2 hervorgeht, ist die Kolbenstange 42 mit an ihren Stirnseiten ausgebildeten konvexen Stützflächen 43 in Form von Kugelkalotten versehen und über diese je an einer in der Kopfpartie 41 bzw. im Kolben 5 angeordneten Aufsetzpartie abgestützt. Die Stützflächen 43 können darstellungsgemäss je mit einem Krümmungsradius r ausgeführt sein, der im wesentlichen der halben Länge der Kolbenstange 42 entspricht und der jeweils eine von Gleitreibung freie Abwälzbewegung der betreffenden Stützfläche 43 auf der Aufsetzpartie gestattet. Durch diesen relativ grossen Radius r der Kugelkalotten kann eine relativ geringe Hertzsche Pressung im Abwälzbereich erzielt und damit eine entsprechend günstige Beanspruchung der zusammenwirkenden Flächenpartien gewährleistet werden. Die Aufsetzpartien können darstellungsgemäss an zwei Lagerteilen 46 und 47 ausgebildet sein, welche je in einer axialen Sackbohrung 44 bzw. 45 der Kopfpartie 41 bzw. des Kolbens 5 angeordnet sind. Die Bohrungen 44 und 45 sind so ausgeführt, dass sie allseitige Auslenkbewegungen der Kolbenstange 42 zulassen, wobei die Bohrung 45 des Kolbens 5 eine solche Tiefe aufweist, dass die Eindringtiefe der Kolbenstange 42 mindestens etwa der halben Länge, darstellungsgemäss ca. ¾ der Länge des Kolbens 5 entspricht. Dadurch kann der in seinem Kopfbereich beweglich gehaltene Kolben 5 sich jeweils selbsttätig in eine Position einstellen, die eine allseitige Umströmung durch das Leckgas ermöglicht. Die Bohrung 44 der Kopfpartie 41 ist darstellungsgemäss zur Aufnahme eines den Lagerteil 46 umgebenden Halteringes 56 bestimmt. Die Lagerteile 46 und 47 können je aus einem gehärteten Stahl ausgeführt oder mit einer Aufsetzfläche aus einem verschleissfesten Material, z.B. Hartmetall, versehen sein.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the piston rod 42 is included convex support surfaces formed on their end faces 43 provided in the form of spherical caps and each of these on one in the head section 41 or in the piston 5 arranged attachment section supported. The support surfaces 43 can each be shown with a radius of curvature r be made of substantially half the length corresponds to the piston rod 42 and each one of Free rolling movement of the concerned Support surface 43 allowed on the touchdown. By this relatively large radius r of the spherical caps a relatively low Hertzian pressure in the rolling area achieved and thus a correspondingly cheap Stress on the interacting surface areas be guaranteed. The attachments can as shown on two bearing parts 46 and 47 be formed, each in an axial blind bore 44 or 45 of the head section 41 or of the piston 5 are arranged. The holes 44 and 45 are like this executed that they all-round deflection movements of the Allow piston rod 42, the bore 45 of the Piston 5 has such a depth that the Penetration depth of the piston rod 42 at least approximately half the length, approximately ca. the length of the Piston 5 corresponds. This allows the in his Pistons 5 held movably in the head region each automatically set to a position that one All-round flow through the leak gas enables. The Bore 44 of the head section 41 is shown for Inclusion of a retaining ring 56 surrounding the bearing part 46 certainly. The bearing parts 46 and 47 can each from one hardened steel or with a contact surface made of a wear-resistant material, e.g. Hard metal, be provided.

Das kolbenseitige Ende der Kolbenstange 42 ist in der Bohrung 45 des Kolbens 5 durch einen in einer Ringnut 50 der Kolbenstange 42 angeordneten, federnden Sprengring 51 geführt, welcher Auslenkbewegungen der Kolbenstange 42 durch Abwälzbewegungen der Stützfläche 43 am Lagerteil 47 zulässt. Der Sprengring 51 ist durch eine in die Bohrung 45 einführbare Distanzhülse 52 gehalten, welche auf einem in eine Innennut 53 des Kolbens 5 einsetzbaren, federnden Stützring 54 abgestützt ist und durch welche die Kolbenstange 42 an den Lagerteil 47 anliegend gehalten ist. Das andere Ende der Kolbenstange 42 ist durch einen entsprechend angeordneten zweiten Sprengring 51 in dem in der Bohrung 44 der Kopfpartie 41 angeordneten Haltering 56 gehalten, welcher durch einen in eine Innennut 57 der Kopfpartie 51 einsetzbaren zweiten Stützring 54 gesichert ist. Der Haltering 56 ist darstellungsgemäss mit einer Bohrung 55 ausgeführt, welche eine zur Aufnahme des Sprengrings 51 bestimmte, abgesetzte Schulterpartie 58 und einen von dieser gegen den Kolben 5 hin konisch sich erweiternden Endabschnitt 60 aufweist, der entsprechende Auslenkbewegungen der Kolbenstange 42 durch Abwälzbewegungen der Stützfläche 43 am Lagerteil 46 zulässt.The piston-side end of the piston rod 42 is in the Bore 45 of the piston 5 through an in an annular groove 50 the resilient snap ring 51 arranged on the piston rod 42 performed, which deflection movements of the piston rod 42nd by rolling movements of the support surface 43 on the bearing part 47 allows. The snap ring 51 is through a in the bore 45 insertable spacer sleeve 52 held on a in an inner groove 53 of the piston 5 insertable, resilient Support ring 54 is supported and by which the Piston rod 42 held against the bearing part 47 is. The other end of the piston rod 42 is through one correspondingly arranged second snap ring 51 in the in the bore 44 of the head portion 41 arranged retaining ring 56 held by an in an inner groove 57 of the Head section 51 insertable second support ring 54 secured is. The retaining ring 56 is shown with a Bore 55 executed which one for receiving the Circlips 51 certain shoulder shoulders 58 and one of them is conical towards the piston 5 has widening end portion 60, the corresponding Deflection movements of the piston rod 42 through Rolling movements of the support surface 43 on the bearing part 46 allows.

Abweichend von der dargestellten Ausführung kann die Kopfpartie 41 auch mit einer Bohrung 44 versehen sein, welche sich tiefer in den Stützteil 38 erstreckt und damit die Aufnahme eines entsprechend längeren Endabschnitts der Kolbenstange 42 ermöglicht. Dadurch kann gegebenenfalls eine längere Kolbenstange 42 mit entsprechend grösserem Radius r der Auflageflächen 43 verwendet werden. Es ist auch eine Ausführung möglich, bei der der Kolben 5 mit einer Bohrung 45 versehen ist, deren Tiefe z.B. derjenigen der Bohrung 44 der Kopfpartie 41 der dargestellten Ausführung entspricht.Deviating from the version shown, the Head section 41 may also be provided with a bore 44, which extends deeper into the support part 38 and thus the inclusion of a correspondingly longer one End portion of the piston rod 42 allows. Thereby can optionally have a longer piston rod 42 corresponding to a larger radius r of the contact surfaces 43 be used. Execution is also possible, in which the piston 5 is provided with a bore 45, their depth e.g. that of the bore 44 of the head section 41 corresponds to the illustrated embodiment.

Der Kolben 5 weist einen metallischen, z.B. aus einer Ni-Fe-Legierung, gefertigten Grundkörper 61 und einen diese zumindest teilweise, darstellungsgemäss im wesentlichen über die ganze Länge, umgebenden Mantelkörper 62 auf, welcher aus einem Kunststoffmaterial, z.B. einem Polyetheretherketon (PEEK) gefertigt ist, und an welchem die Lauffläche des Kolbens 5 ausgebildet ist. Die Materialien des Kolbens 5 und des ihn aufnehmenden Zylindereinsatzes 33 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des Zylinderwerkstoffs zumindest annähernd einem aus der Kombination der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der Werkstoffe des Grundkörpers 61 und des Mantelkörpers 62 resultierenden Koeffizienten des Kolbens 5 entspricht. Damit ist durch eine Kombination von Materialien mit je unterschiedlichem Wärmedehnungsverhalten eine Kompressorausführung mit einem über einen vorbestimmten Temperaturbereich konstant bleibenden Ringspalt zwischen Kolben 5 und Zylinder 4 bzw. Zylindereinsatz 33 realisierbar.The piston 5 has a metallic, e.g. from one Ni-Fe alloy, manufactured base body 61 and one this at least partially, as shown in essentially the entire length, surrounding Sheath body 62, which consists of a Plastic material, e.g. a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is made, and on which the tread of the piston 5 is formed. The materials of the piston 5 and him receiving cylinder insert 33 are so on top of each other voted that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the Cylinder material at least approximately from the Combination of thermal expansion coefficients Materials of the base body 61 and the jacket body 62 resulting coefficient of the piston 5 corresponds. This is through a combination of materials with each different thermal expansion behavior Compressor design with a predetermined one Temperature range constant annular gap between Piston 5 and cylinder 4 or cylinder insert 33 realizable.

Der Mantelkörper 62 kann in Form einer auf den Grundkörper 61 aufschrumpfbaren, über dessen Länge durchgehenden Hülse ausgeführt oder, wie in Fig.2 dargestellt, aus mehreren, je einzeln nebeneinander auf dem Grundkörper 61 anbringbaren, z.B. aufpressbaren Ringabschnitten 63 zusammengesetzt sein. Der Mantelkörper 62 kann ferner mit mehreren, in axialer Richtung gegeneinander versetzten Ringnuten 64 ausgeführt sein, welche darstellungsgemäss durch die aneinander anliegenden Enden der Ringabschnitte 63 gebildet sind. Die Ringnuten 64 ermöglichen eine gleichmässige Verteilung des im Ringspalt herrschenden Druckes, der jeweils im engen Spalt zwischen den Ringnuten 64 abgebaut wird.The jacket body 62 can be in the form of a Base body 61 shrinkable over its length running sleeve or, as in Fig.2 shown, consisting of several, each side by side attachable to the base body 61, e.g. aufpressbaren Ring sections 63 may be composed. The coat body 62 can also have several, in the axial direction staggered annular grooves 64 can be executed, which, according to the illustration, are due to each other adjacent ends of the ring portions 63 are formed. The ring grooves 64 enable a uniform Distribution of the pressure in the annular gap, the degraded in each case in the narrow gap between the ring grooves 64 becomes.

Wie aus der Fig.2 weiter hervorgeht, kann der Mantelkörper 62 bzw. jeder der Ringabschnitte 63 mit einer Verstärkungsstruktur aus mehreren Langfasern 65 versehen sein, welche je in einer im wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse 6 des Mantelkörpers 62 verlaufenden Ebene angeordnet sind. Die Langfasern 65, bei der dargestellten Ausführung Kohlefasern, können, wie in Fig.2 angedeutet, jeweils in einer den Mantelkörper 62 in Umfangsrichtung durchsetzenden Wicklung oder, nach einer anderen, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform, jeweils in einer flächigen Struktur angeordnet sein, die aus mehreren, je in einer quer zur Längsachse 6 verlaufenden Ebene sich kreuzenden Langfaserstücken gebildet ist. Durch die beschriebene Verstärkungsstruktur kann sichergestellt werden, dass der einstückig oder mehrstückig ausgebildete Mantelkörper 62 auch bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen noch satt auf dem Grundkörper 61 anliegt, da die Langfasern 65, insbesondere Kohlefasern, einen wesentlich geringeren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten als der Kunststoff des Mantelkörpers 62 aufweisen. Entsprechend kann, wie vorstehend beschrieben, eine an die Wärmedehnung des Zylindereinsatzes 33 angepasste, resultierende Wärmedehnung des Kolbens 5 erzielt werden.As can further be seen from FIG. 2, the Jacket body 62 or each of the ring portions 63 with a reinforcement structure composed of a plurality of long fibers 65 be provided, each in a substantially transverse plane extending to the longitudinal axis 6 of the casing body 62 are arranged. The long fibers 65, in the illustrated Carbon fibers can, as indicated in Fig. 2, each in a circumferential direction of the jacket body 62 penetrating winding or, after another, not illustrated embodiment, each in a flat Be arranged from several, each in a structure crossing at right angles to the longitudinal axis 6 Long fiber pieces is formed. By the described Reinforcement structure can ensure that the one-piece or multi-piece jacket body 62 even full at high operating temperatures Base body 61 rests because the long fibers 65, especially carbon fibers, a much lower one Thermal expansion coefficient than the plastic of the Have jacket body 62. Accordingly, how described above, one to the thermal expansion of the Cylinder insert 33 adapted, resulting Thermal expansion of the piston 5 can be achieved.

Das Joch 11 ist durch die beiden Verbindungsteile 21 im Gehäuse des Kompressors in Richtung der Längsachse 6 verschiebbar geführt und über die vorstehend beschriebene Stützanordnung mit dem unter dem entsprechenden Enddruck stehenden Kolben 5 in Richtung der Längsachse 6 spielfrei verbunden. Durch die beschriebene Stützanordnung wird zugleich eine Uebertragung von Querkräften des durch die Verbindungsteile 21 mit entsprechendem seitlichem Spiel gleitend geführten Joches 11 auf den Kolben 5 verhindert, so dass eine von Schwingungen des Joches 11 unbeeinflusste Parallelführung des Kolbens 5 innerhalb des Zylinders 4 bzw. des Zylindereinsatzes 33 erzielbar ist. Entsprechend können auch relativ langhubige Kompressoren für hohe Drücke, z.B. solche von ca. 40 bis 1000 bar, je mit einer trockenlaufenden Spaltringdichtung ausgeführt werden, welche einen während des Betriebes konstant bleibenden Ringspalt aufweist, der eine konstante, den Kolben 5 auf seiner ganzen Länge umhüllenden Leckströmung des verdichteten Gases und damit eine Art Lagerung des Kolbens 5 durch das verdichtete Gas gewährleistet. Die beschriebene Ausführung ermöglicht die Bildung von durchströmbaren Ringspalten in Kompressoren, bei denen die Differenz zwischen dem Durchmesser der Bohrung des Zylindereinsatzes 33 und dem Durchmesser des Kolbens 5 weniger als 0,02 mm, z.B. 0,005 mm, beträgt, wobei die Dicke des Ringspaltes durch den jeweils zwischen dem Kompressionsraum 32 und dem Kurbelraum 20 betriebsmässig sich einstellenden, als akzeptierbar erachteten Leckageverlust bestimmt ist. Je nach Ausführung kann, bei minimalem Abrieb an Kolben 5 und Zylindereinsatz 33, ein betriebsmässig akzeptabler Leckageverlust von z.B. weniger als 10% konstant gehalten werden.The yoke 11 is through the two connecting parts 21 in Housing of the compressor in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 slidably guided and above that described Support arrangement with the under the corresponding final pressure standing piston 5 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 without play connected. Through the described support arrangement at the same time a transfer of transverse forces from the Connecting parts 21 with corresponding lateral play sliding yoke 11 prevented on the piston 5, so that one of vibrations of the yoke 11 unaffected parallel guidance of the piston 5 within of the cylinder 4 or the cylinder insert 33 achievable is. Correspondingly, relatively long-stroke ones High pressure compressors e.g. those from about 40 to 1000 bar, each with a dry-running split ring seal are executed, which one during operation has a constant annular gap, the one constant, the piston 5 over its entire length enveloping leakage flow of the compressed gas and thus a kind of storage of the piston 5 by the compressed gas guaranteed. The described embodiment enables the Formation of flow-through ring gaps in compressors, where the difference between the diameter of the Bore of the cylinder insert 33 and the diameter of the Piston 5 less than 0.02 mm, e.g. 0.005 mm, where the thickness of the annular gap by each between the compression space 32 and the crank space 20 operationally established, as acceptable considered leakage loss is determined. Depending on Execution can, with minimal abrasion on piston 5 and Cylinder insert 33, an operationally acceptable Leakage loss of e.g. kept constant less than 10% become.

Die Erfindung ist weder auf Ausführungen der vorstehend beschriebenen und dargestellten Art, noch auf Anwendungen im Hochdruckbereich beschränkt. Beim dargestellten Beispiel kann auch mindestens eine weitere Verdichtungsstufe, etwa der Zylinder 3, erfindungsgemäss ausgebildet sein. Die erfindungsgemäse Ausführung ist auch für andere, ein- oder mehrstufige Ausführungen, z.B. Kompressoren für die Tieftemperaturtechnik, geeignet.The invention is not based on the embodiments of the above described and illustrated type, still on applications limited in the high pressure range. In the illustrated Example can include at least one more Compression stage, such as the cylinder 3, according to the invention be trained. The embodiment according to the invention is also for other, single or multi-stage versions, e.g. Compressors for low temperature technology, suitable.

Die Erfindung lässt sich zusammenfassend wie folgt beschreiben: Der Kompressor enthält mindestens einen trockenlaufend geführten Kolben, welcher mit einem Zylindereinsatz einen jeweils über den gemeinsamen Längenabschnitt offenen Ringspalt begrenzt, der eine Leckströmung des verdichteten Mediums zulässt. Der Kolben ist über eine Kolbenstange mit einem in Richtung seiner Längsachse verschiebbar geführten Stützteil gekoppelt, der mit einer Antriebseinrichtung verbunden ist. Die Kolbenstange wirkt mit dem Kolben und dem Stützteil über stirnseitige konvexe Stützflächen zusammen, welche quer zur Längsachse verlaufende Relativbewegungen des Stützteils gegenüber dem Kolben zulassen. Entsprechend wird eine von Schwingungen der Antriebsteile unbeeinflusste Parallelführung des Kolbens im Zylindereinsatz erzielt. Der Kolben weist einen metallischen Grundkörper und einen aus einem Kunststoffmaterial gefertigten Mantelkörper auf, an dem die Lauffläche des Kolbens ausgebildet ist. Der Zylinder ist aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt, dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient zumindest annähernd einem resultierenden Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der Werkstoffe des Grundkörpers und des Mantelkörpers entspricht. Der erfindungsgemässe Kompressor ist insbesondere zum ölfreien Verdichten eines Gases geeignet.The invention can be summarized as follows describe: The compressor contains at least one Piston running dry, which with a Cylinder insert one over the common Length section open annular gap limited, one Leakage flow of the compressed medium allows. The piston is about a piston rod with one towards it Coupled longitudinally guided support part coupled, which is connected to a drive device. The Piston rod interacts with the piston and the support part end convex support surfaces together, which cross relative movements of the Allow support part opposite the piston. Corresponding becomes one of vibrations of the drive parts unaffected parallel guidance of the piston in the Cylinder insert achieved. The piston has one metallic body and one from one Plastic body manufactured on the body the tread of the piston is formed. The cylinder is made of a material whose Thermal expansion coefficient at least approximately one resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the Materials of the base body and the jacket body equivalent. The compressor according to the invention is especially for the oil-free compression of a gas suitable.

Claims (10)

  1. Reciprocating piston compressor comprising at least one cylinder (4) and a piston (5) guided therein which is coupled to a drive device via a support element that is movable transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the cylinder (4) and via a support part (38) which is displaceably guided in the direction of the longitudinal axis (6), with the support element cooperating with the piston (5) and the support part (38) in each case via a convex support surface (43) and with the cylinder (4) together with the piston (5) bounding a narrow ring gap which is in each case open over the common length portion and permits a predetermined leakage flow of the compressed medium, characterised in that the piston (5) has a metallic basic body (61) and a sleeve member (62) which is made of a plastic material and encloses the former at least along a part of its length and on which the running surface of the piston (5) is formed; and in that at least one part (33) of the cylinder (4) including a corresponding running surface consists of a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion corresponds at least approximately to a resultant coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials of the basic body (61) and of the sleeve member (62) of the piston (5), so that the ring gap is constant over a predetermined temperature range.
  2. Compressor in accordance with claim 1 in which the sleeve member (62) includes a reinforcement structure extending through it consisting of a plurality of long fibres (65), e.g. carbon fibres, which are each substantially arranged in a plane extending transverse to the longitudinal axis (6) of the sleeve member (62).
  3. Compressor in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2 in which the sleeve member (62) is formed by a plurality of ring sections (63) which can be pressed onto the basic body (61) adjacent to one another.
  4. Compressor in accordance with one of the preceding claims in which a plurality of ring grooves (64) that are mutually displaced in the axial direction are formed at the outer periphery of the sleeve member (62).
  5. Compressor in accordance with one of the preceding claims in which a piston rod (42) which can be inserted between the piston (5) and the support part (38) and is tiltably held at the piston (5) and at the support part (38), with convex support surfaces (43) being formed at the ends of the piston rod, is provided as a support element; and in that the piston (5) and the support part are each provided with a seating portion associated with one of the relevant support surfaces (43).
  6. Compressor in accordance with claim 5 in which the support surfaces (43) of the piston rod (42) are each formed in the shape of a spherical section which is executed with a radius of curvature (r) that substantially corresponds to half the length of the piston rod (42).
  7. Compressor in accordance with claim 5 or claim 6 in which at least one of the parts to be coupled - piston (5) and support part (38) - has an axial bore (45 or 44, 55 respectively) which is intended for receiving an end section of the piston rod (42) and encloses the piston rod (42) with a clearance which permits deflection movements of the piston rod (42).
  8. Compressor in accordance with claim 7 in which the axial bore (45) provided in the piston (5) extends over a depth which corresponds to at least half the length of the piston (5).
  9. Compressor in accordance with one of the claims 5 to 8 in which at least one of the seating portions is formed on a bearing part (47 or 46 respectively) which can be laid into the respective axial bore (45 or 44, 55 respectively) of the piston (5) or of the support part (38).
  10. Use of at least one compressor in accordance with one of the preceding claims as the high pressure stage of an arrangement for the oil-free compression of a gas consisting of a plurality of piston in cylinder units connected in series.
EP97900186A 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Reciprocating compressor Expired - Lifetime EP0953113B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK97900186T DK0953113T3 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 piston Compressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1997/000015 WO1998031936A1 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Reciprocating compressor

Publications (2)

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EP0953113A1 EP0953113A1 (en) 1999-11-03
EP0953113B1 true EP0953113B1 (en) 2004-05-26

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ID=4550854

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EP97900186A Expired - Lifetime EP0953113B1 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Reciprocating compressor

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US (1) US6293764B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0953113B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE267957T1 (en)
AU (1) AU727704B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2278039C (en)
DE (1) DE59711674D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2221684T3 (en)
NO (1) NO327494B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1998031936A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO327494B1 (en) 2009-07-20
AU727704B2 (en) 2000-12-21
AU1364197A (en) 1998-08-07
ATE267957T1 (en) 2004-06-15
CA2278039A1 (en) 1998-07-23
DE59711674D1 (en) 2004-07-01
NO993511D0 (en) 1999-07-16
ES2221684T3 (en) 2005-01-01
CA2278039C (en) 2006-12-19
WO1998031936A1 (en) 1998-07-23
EP0953113A1 (en) 1999-11-03
NO993511L (en) 1999-09-16
US6293764B1 (en) 2001-09-25

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