EP0950772A2 - Abzweigverbindung - Google Patents
Abzweigverbindung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0950772A2 EP0950772A2 EP99302798A EP99302798A EP0950772A2 EP 0950772 A2 EP0950772 A2 EP 0950772A2 EP 99302798 A EP99302798 A EP 99302798A EP 99302798 A EP99302798 A EP 99302798A EP 0950772 A2 EP0950772 A2 EP 0950772A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- fluid
- gradient
- outlet
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/02—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
- E03F5/021—Connection of sewer pipes to manhole shaft
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
- E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
- E02D29/1463—Hinged connection of cover to frame
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/02—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a branch connection for a fluid transport network and has particular, although not exclusive, relevance to access chambers and manholes, such as used in foul water drainage systems.
- the invention also relates to conduits, coupled to such a branch connection for transporting fluids to and from the connection.
- branch connections are generally arranged so that a main pipe is tapped into at an angle by a branch pipe. Because high flow rates and large volumes of fluid per unit time must be catered for, it is necessary to ensure that the branch connection (and at least its outlet) are able to withstand the high fluid forces and turbulent flow generated when two moving bodies of fluid are brought together.
- connection through which fluid may flow, the connection comprising:
- the flow from the branch pipe is more controlled and the detrimental effects of turbulent flow at the junction of the first and at least one further channel are alleviated.
- the first channel is configured to define a flow portion which presents a declivitous gradient to fluid flowing from the first inlet to the first outlet. In this way the build-up of debris within the chamber can be prevented.
- each at least one further channel is arranged to present a declivitous gradient to fluid flowing from the second inlet portion to the second outlet thereof, which declivitous gradient is steeper than the declivitous gradient of the first channel. This provision enables the at least one further channel to allow the fluid flowing therethrough to merge with the fluid flow in the first channel more readily and, again, help alleviate the detrimental effects of turbulent flow within the connection.
- the fluid flow path of the or each at least one further channel from the inlet portion to the outlet portion is non-linear and preferably curviform.
- the variation in cross sectional shape of the flow surface of the or each at least one further channel is from being substantially semi-circular in a region adjacent the inlet portion to being asymmetric in a region adjacent the outlet portion. This enables the flow of fluid therewithin to be less turbulent than with a regular cross-sectional shape.
- the asymmetric shape is preferably defined by a substantially linear radially inner, first side wall meeting an arcuate radially outer, second side wall.
- fluid is presented to the first inlet via a first external conduit and fluid is presented from the first outlet to a further external conduit, the first and further conduits presenting, to the fluid flowing therethrough, respective gradients, wherein the gradient of the further external conduit is at least as steep as the gradient of the first external conduit and preferably steeper.
- the declivitous flow path of the first channel has a gradient in a first region, at which the further channel communicates with the first channel, that is greater than a gradient in a second region which is adjacent the said first region and upstream thereof.
- This arrangement causes fluid flowing through the branch portion of the connection to be accelerated, thereby reducing turbulence caused by the branch flow and enhancing the branch flow itself.
- connection comprises two further channels intersecting the first channel at opposite points.
- connection constitutes the base pan of an access chamber, manhole or gully.
- connection through which fluid may flow; the connection comprising:
- a third aspect of the invention sets out to solve this problem.
- a conduit connection including a channel having an inlet and an outlet through which fluid may flow; a first external conduit to present fluid to the inlet; and a further external conduit to receive fluid from the outlet; wherein each of the first external conduit, the channel and the further external conduit present to fluid flowing therethrough a particular declivitous gradient, the channel has a greater cross-sectional area than the first external conduit and the gradient of the channel is steeper than that of the first external conduit.
- the connection enables the connection to maintain a self-cleansing fluid velocity for relatively low fluid flows, because the gradient differential between the first external conduit and the channel counteracts the velocity-reducing effect of the cross-sectional area disparity.
- the gradient of the further external conduit is at least as steep as that of the first conduit.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated a chamber base portion, shown generally as 1, formed from a fired clay or plastics material.
- the chamber 1 is formed in a known manner by utilizing molding techniques apparent to those skilled in the art.
- the chamber 1 includes a first channel 2 allowing the passage of fluid therethrough.
- the first channel 2 has an inlet 4 in Figure 1 and an outlet 6.
- Communicating with this first channel 2 are two branch pipes 8 and 10 which are mirror images of each other, but otherwise identical. Although two branch pipes 8, 10 have been shown in this example, there could be only one, or indeed, more than two. Two have been shown by way of example only. For simplicity only one will be described in detail below.
- the first channel 2 is shaped to have a generally semi-circular lower region. This is to allow the easy passage fluid through the channel 2.
- An upper region 24 of the channel 2 is formed with an angled profile. Hence, if the channel 2 becomes filled with fluid and debris (for example, as would be the case in a foul-water chamber), any debris in the upper regions is caused by these angled surfaces 24 to fall back into the base (i.e. semi-circular) region of the channel 2 as the level of fluid reduces. The debris is then carried away by fluid flowing in this lower base region. In this way, the build-up of debris in the chamber 1 is avoided.
- the channel initially seeks to communicate with the chamber 1 in a direction orthogonal to that of the first channel 2.
- the branch pipe 10 it can be seen that it turns to the left to intersect, and therefore directly communicate with, the first channel 2 at an acute angle.
- the line 26 of the lowest part of the base of the branch pipe 10 moves off-centre relative to the overall width of the pipe as one progresses along the length thereof. The reasons for this will be explained further below.
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the shape and configuration of the branch pipe 10 and its communication with the first channel 2 in more detail.
- Figure 4 is a cross-section along Y-Y in Figure 1.
- Figure 5 is a plan view of part of the base portion and corresponds to part of Figure 1. It will be seen that a number of section lines A-A to J-J are marked onto Figure 5.
- Figure 6 shows the profile of the branch pipe 10 and its relative position in each respective sectional plane.
- the branch pipe 10 when first communicating with the chamber 1, forms a lower region of generally semi-circular cross-sectional shape. Fluid passing through this first region of the branch pipe 10, therefore, is subject to the same fluid dynamics as that passing through the input region 4 of the first channel 2.
- the cross sectional shape gradually changes to become that shown as section J in Figure 6.
- the base line 26 has moved so that the part-circular base region of the branch pipe 10 now has a different centre and a smaller radius. It has also gradually lowered, so as to define the declivitous flow path.
- the radially inner wall 28 as viewed from Figure 5 has become generally vertical.
- the radially outer wall 30 becomes inclined at around 40 ° to the vertical.
- any fluid flowing through the pipe will also move generally to the left as it experiences this shift in the base line along its flow path.
- the fluid flows through the branch pipe 10, it is gradually directed towards the radially inner wall 28 of the pipe 10. If the region of the pipe at J-J were to be of the same cross-sectional shape as that at the region A-A, then, when fluid entered into the region of the intersection between branch pipe 10 and first channel 2, clearly most of this would be occurring in the region marked 32 in Figure 1 and would thus cause turbulent flow in this region.
- first channel 2 in this region itself varies from that of the semi-circular region at inlet 4 due to communication with the branch pipes 10.
- branch pipes 10 is continued here.
- the configuration is adapted in order to maintain guidance of the fluid flow as it passes into the region of communication between the branch pipes 10 and the channel 2.
- the cross-sectional shape of first channel 2 at the region Y-Y advantageously follows that of the branch pipe.
- the left-hand wall 34 of first channel 2 at this region follows the semi-circular cross-section of shape as shown in Figure 2, but that at region 35 it begins to follow the more steeply sided left hand wall as shown at 28 at region J-J.
- the mid-point 38 of main pipe 2 is the generally horizontal mid-point of the semi-circular region as shown in Figure 13. This cross-sectional shape again aids to prevent build up of turbulence at the point of communication between branch pipe 10 and first channel 2, so as to provide a means for enabling the two bodies of fluid to mix without undue turbulence occurring.
- the declivitous gradient of the branch pipe 10 is desirable for the declivitous gradient of the branch pipe 10 to be steeper than that of the first channel 2. Once again, this is to enable a smooth mixture of fluid flow at the region of communication between the pipe 10 and the first channel 2.
- branch pipe it is advantageous for the branch pipe to have a declivitous gradient at the approach to, and intersection with, the first channel 2. This will particularly assist the flow of fluid therethrough at times of low volume fluid flow.
- each of the further channels can have a variation in cross-sectional shape corresponding to that described above.
- the curviform shape of the length of branch pipe 10 can also be mirrored in any further branch pipes, as is the case with branch pipe 8.
- the chamber 1 is generally not used on its own. It will normally form part of a larger network of conduits arranged to carry fluid from one place to another.
- a first conduit 40 as shown in Figure 1
- a second conduit 42 is used to transport fluid from the outlet portion 6 of first channel 2.
- the effective diameter of the first and second conduits 42 will typically be significantly smaller than the effective diameter of the first channel 2 (and indeed any other channel) of the chamber 1.
- any fluid passing through the first conduit 40 and entering the first channel 2 will experience a decrease in velocity. This presupposes a uniform gradient as viewed from the perspective of the fluid flowing through the conduits 40, 42 and first channel 2.
- the first channel 2 has a declivitous gradient as between the first conduit 40 and second conduit 42.
- the first conduit will typically have a gradient of the order of 1:100 and the gradient of the channel 2 in a region 50 immediately downstream of the first conduit 40 is set greater than this at 1:30. Because the gradient of the first channel 2 is greater than that of the first conduit 40, the fluid entering the channel 2 experiences an accelerating effect which counteracts the decelerating effect caused by the disparity in diameters. The net effect is that the through-flowing fluid maintains its input velocity and, hence, does not drop below the self-cleansing velocity.
- the overall declivitous gradient 44 also assists in allowing movement of debris to occur through the chamber 1 and therefore this, in itself, will assist avoiding any extraneous causes of turbulent flow to occur in the region of communication between branch pipe 10 and first channel 2.
- a further benefit is achieved by providing an overall gradient 44 along the length of first channel 2. This is that any fluid flowing through the first channel 2, which is subject to an increase of velocity caused by the declivitous gradient 44, will help "pull" fluid entering the communication region 32 between the first channel 2 and branch pipe 10 towards the outlet. This leads to a more efficient flow at the region of communication between channel 2 and pipe 10.
- This effect is enhanced by providing a gradient in communication region 52 of channel 2, that is even steeper than the rest 50 of the gradient 44. In this case region 52 has a gradient of 1:100. Region 52 corresponds with the inlets from the further pipes 10, so as to provide an acceleration weir which increases the flow rate of the fluid in the first channel 2 as it merges with the flows from the branch pipes 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9807895A GB2336166B (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Branch connection |
GB9807895 | 1998-04-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0950772A2 true EP0950772A2 (de) | 1999-10-20 |
EP0950772A3 EP0950772A3 (de) | 2000-03-15 |
EP0950772B1 EP0950772B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=10830306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99302798A Expired - Lifetime EP0950772B1 (de) | 1998-04-09 | 1999-04-09 | Abzweigverbindung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0950772B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE301746T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69922077T2 (de) |
GB (2) | GB2336166B (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1577987A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1980-10-29 | Wavin Bv | Inspection chambers |
DE9403517U1 (de) * | 1994-03-03 | 1994-04-28 | H. Niemeyer Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 48477 Hörstel | Kanalisations-Schachtunterteil |
DE29623187U1 (de) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-02-19 | ALPHACAN Omniplast GmbH, 35630 Ehringshausen | Schachtunterteil |
-
1998
- 1998-04-09 GB GB9807895A patent/GB2336166B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-09 GB GB0203049A patent/GB2369129B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-09 DE DE69922077T patent/DE69922077T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 EP EP99302798A patent/EP0950772B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-09 AT AT99302798T patent/ATE301746T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9807895D0 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
ATE301746T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
GB2336166B (en) | 2002-07-24 |
GB0203049D0 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
GB2369129A (en) | 2002-05-22 |
DE69922077D1 (de) | 2004-12-30 |
GB2369129B (en) | 2002-07-24 |
EP0950772A3 (de) | 2000-03-15 |
DE69922077T2 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
EP0950772B1 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
GB2336166A (en) | 1999-10-13 |
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