EP0940789B1 - Verfahren zur Brandmeldung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Brandmeldung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0940789B1
EP0940789B1 EP99103015A EP99103015A EP0940789B1 EP 0940789 B1 EP0940789 B1 EP 0940789B1 EP 99103015 A EP99103015 A EP 99103015A EP 99103015 A EP99103015 A EP 99103015A EP 0940789 B1 EP0940789 B1 EP 0940789B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
fire
microwave
ultrasound
output signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99103015A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0940789A2 (de
EP0940789A3 (de
Inventor
Valentin Dr. Magori
Heinrich Ruser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0940789A2 publication Critical patent/EP0940789A2/de
Publication of EP0940789A3 publication Critical patent/EP0940789A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0940789B1 publication Critical patent/EP0940789B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
    • G08B29/186—Fuzzy logic; neural networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for Fire alarm, whereby emitted signals between a transmitter unit and a receiving unit the area to be monitored happen and be reflected.
  • the aim of meaningful early fire detection is to: Sensitivity to characteristics in the early phase of the Increase fire and at the same time the possibility of one minimize false alarms.
  • a combined fire detector on microwave and ultrasound base or in combination with Light described, which according to the invention microwave and Emits ultrasound signals and the interference of normally, d. H. in the case of non-fire, given Doppler frequency - coherence [4] between the microwave reception signals and the Uses ultrasound reception signals as a recognition criterion.
  • the new procedure be referred to as an "anti-incidence" procedure.
  • the combination of the acoustic detector with a microwave sensor has the advantage that microwave signals as Reference can be used because of smoke or smoke Heat phenomena on the propagation path are hardly touched; while the signals reflected by objects in space, if they are about to be monitored from the same place Be emitted space, coherent Doppler frequencies own, i.e. they are reciprocal to each Ultrasonic and microwave wavelength. So kick in Space fluctuating in the ultrasonic signals which are not observed in the microwave signal, so is this an indication of corresponding fluctuations in the propagation medium, which is typical of an emerging fire are like rising air and combustion gases.
  • the exploitation of the microwave-ultrasound coincidence principle sensitive and reliable fire detection. moreover becomes an additional important motion detector [5; 6; 7] Use of the microwave ultrasound Doppler frequency principle proposed.
  • CW signals unmodulated continuous wave signals
  • CW signals basically only movements can be detected.
  • the Doppler shifts may by determining the signal phase or by means of spectral analysis with FFT (F ast F individual Fourier ransformation T) are evaluated. The significance of the statement is increased if the alarm criterion for several successive evaluation areas must be met before a fire is concluded.
  • Neural networks can be used for classification or methods of fuzzy logic can be used advantageously [8th].
  • the classification of the signal parameters of the ultrasound and Microwave receive signals for decision making, for example Signal level, propagation damping, flicker frequency, Detected object distances is often only taken into account certain general rules and their processing using "fuzzy" logic or a trained one Decision network possible.
  • FMCW signals frequency-modulated continuous wave signals
  • a periodically frequency-modulated signal is transmitted reflected on an object and reaches the recipient: The frequency of the difference signal from the transmit and receive signals is then proportional to the object distance.
  • ultrasound and microwave signals to a common reflector can be aligned, for example by the distance from the ultrasonic sensor at a different distance the reflector detected by the microwave signal become. So the distance to the respective object must be beforehand not be known.
  • the distance resolution for example by interpolation of the spectrum, easily in the range of a few Millimeters can be done by tracking the distance a strong reflection object, for example one vertical wall, which by the microwave reference the change in the speed of sound was recognized as fixed be tracked due to heat generation. If flicker frequencies are detected in the spectrum at the same time, which in turn are missing in the microwave signal, can Fire can be closed as the cause.
  • a fuzzy evaluation the use of one database or the integration over several Evaluation areas (sweep intervals) also increase the significance here the statement.
  • FMCW signals also a Localization of the source of the fire over a distance of several Meters away possible.
  • a delimitation of the coverage area is done with simple means such as Low pass, reached.
  • a fluctuating interference is present at distance resolution method such as run-time method, FMCW, correlation process with PN code (P seudo- N oise) objects.
  • distance resolution method such as run-time method, FMCW, correlation process with PN code (P seudo- N oise) objects.
  • PN code P seudo- N oise
  • the tools of the described evaluation such as quadrature demodulation, arctangent calculation, phase tracking, threshold evaluation, possibly Hilbert transformation and FFT, are used in the same way for motion detection, so that the two alarm detectors, fire and intrusion alarm, are combined without additional hardware to form a universal, powerful room monitoring system can be.
  • the evaluation principle described can advantageously implement with digital signals, preferably igitalen on a microcontroller, or D S ignal p ROCESSOR (DSP).
  • DSP D S ignal p ROCESSOR
  • the fire detector described has the character of a route sensor: the quantities to be sensed influence the emitted signal on the propagation path.
  • the sensitivity range of the sensor thus corresponds to its detection range, which results from the range and the opening angle of the radiation.
  • An active IR detector could therefore be used instead of the microwave sensor take over the "control" of the ultrasonic sensor or used in addition to increased security against interference signals become.
  • the transmission channel SK of the ultrasonic sensor comprises a signal generator G and modules for signal conditioning of the transmission signal sus (t) (transmission amplifier V, adaptation A).
  • the receive signal e us (t) is divided into two orthogonal components i us (t) and q us (t) after amplification and bandpass filtering BP by quadrature demodulation QDM.
  • the ultrasound transmitter transducers SW and reception transducers EW are preferably ultrasound transducers with high quality and sensitivity, such as piezoceramic bending transducers.
  • the microwave Doppler sensor e.g. 2.5; 5.8; 10; 24 GHz
  • the microwave Doppler sensor is usually subject to relatively low requirements because the monitored distances and the resolution requirements are moderate.
  • the demodulated received signals of the ultrasonic sensor and the microwave sensor are read in 4 channels (2 ultrasonic signals ius , q us , 2 microwave signals i mw , q mw ) alternately in blocks of, for example, 256 points via the internal A / D converter.
  • 2 ultrasonic signals ius , q us , 2 microwave signals i mw , q mw are read in 4 channels
  • 2 ultrasonic signals ius , q us , 2 microwave signals i mw , q mw ) alternately in blocks of, for example, 256 points via the internal A / D converter.
  • Doppler frequencies approximately 5 to 480 Hz for ultrasound and of approximately 3 to 320 Hz for microwave occur.
  • the movements caused by fire appear in the range up to approx. 200 Hz. Accordingly, a sampling frequency of approx. 1 kHz can be used.
  • the amplitude of the received signals is tracked continuously and performed a Doppler evaluation.
  • the phase of the complex Ultrasonic and microwave signals are calculated using an arctangent certainly.
  • the Doppler frequency results from the derivation of the phase, the direction of movement from the Sign.
  • flicker pendulum
  • the extracted features Doppler frequency, flickering movement and intensity profile are used for alarm decision over several consecutive Evaluation intervals followed.
  • the Doppler evaluation can only be carried out if a change is registered that is greater than is a set tolerance range.
  • the Doppler evaluation can only be carried out if a change is registered that is greater than is a set tolerance range.
  • the detection of "irregularities” Keep ultrasound sensor continuously active and the microwave sensor to switch on as a control only if there are any significant ones Attenuation and fluctuations on the way of propagation of the sound signal can be registered.
  • the ultrasound signal S us (t) can be generated by software and output via a D / A converter.
  • the ultrasound received signal e us (t) and the downmixed microwave difference signal d mw (t) are read in via an A / D converter board.
  • the difference signal d us (t) is formed in the receiver by software multiplication, so that the ultrasound sensor now only consists of the ultrasound transmitter transducer SW and the receiver transducer EW (preferably piezoceramic bending oscillators).
  • a sensor with good linearity in frequency modulation is preferably used as the microwave FMCW module.
  • the microwave FMCW module Using an FFT over blocks of, for example, 1024 sampling points, the (real) spectrum of both received signals is formed and examined for maxima.
  • FIG. 3 is an evaluation feature the phase development of the received signals is plotted, which indicates the sensitivity of the sensor to changes demonstrated the transmission route.
  • Fig 3a) are minimal Recognize phase fluctuations due to background noise.
  • Fig. 3b) shows the influence of air movements on the Phase of the ultrasound signal.
  • smoke causes strong Fluctuations in the ultrasound phase, as shown in Fig. 3c).
  • the microwave phase remains almost unaffected.
  • Fig. 3d is the evaluation of the received signals shown when moving people.
  • the detection capability was then determined under test conditions in accordance with EN 54/7 of the combined sensor based on a test fire TF 1, beech wood fire - small bright particles, examined.
  • the sensor was placed under the ceiling, its distance to the source of the fire was 3m.
  • 4a) and 4b) are the amplitudes of the received signals over a period of 5 minutes.
  • the ultrasound signal shows considerable amplitudes, similar to that caused by movement of people could be. The enables a clear distinction Comparison with the microwave signal together with an evaluation fluctuations in Doppler frequency; see Fig 4c).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP99103015A 1998-03-06 1999-02-15 Verfahren zur Brandmeldung Expired - Lifetime EP0940789B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19809763A DE19809763A1 (de) 1998-03-06 1998-03-06 Verfahren und Sensor zur Brandmeldung
DE19809763 1998-03-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0940789A2 EP0940789A2 (de) 1999-09-08
EP0940789A3 EP0940789A3 (de) 2000-08-16
EP0940789B1 true EP0940789B1 (de) 2002-10-23

Family

ID=7860027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99103015A Expired - Lifetime EP0940789B1 (de) 1998-03-06 1999-02-15 Verfahren zur Brandmeldung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0940789B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE226747T1 (es)
DE (2) DE19809763A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2186261T3 (es)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7221260B2 (en) * 2003-11-21 2007-05-22 Honeywell International, Inc. Multi-sensor fire detectors with audio sensors and systems thereof
DE10360485B4 (de) * 2003-12-22 2005-11-24 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Temperaturüberwachung entlang einer Messleitung
JP6694636B2 (ja) * 2016-01-27 2020-05-20 国立大学法人弘前大学 火炎検出センサ及び火炎検出方法
EP3942537A1 (en) * 2019-06-14 2022-01-26 Carrier Corporation Smoke and steam detector

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3369214D1 (en) * 1982-07-22 1987-02-19 Monicell Ltd Alarm system
DE3318974C2 (de) * 1983-05-25 1985-10-17 Preussag AG Bauwesen, 3005 Hemmingen Flammenmelder
US4625199A (en) * 1985-01-14 1986-11-25 American District Telegraph Company Combination intrusion detector system having correlated ultrasonic and microwave detection sub-systems
IL96129A0 (en) * 1990-07-20 1991-07-18 Spectronix Ltd Method and apparatus for detecting a fire,explosion,or projectile-penetration in a monitored space

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19809763A1 (de) 1999-12-02
DE59903134D1 (de) 2002-11-28
EP0940789A2 (de) 1999-09-08
EP0940789A3 (de) 2000-08-16
ATE226747T1 (de) 2002-11-15
ES2186261T3 (es) 2003-05-01

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