EP0940511B1 - A thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature - Google Patents
A thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0940511B1 EP0940511B1 EP99830116A EP99830116A EP0940511B1 EP 0940511 B1 EP0940511 B1 EP 0940511B1 EP 99830116 A EP99830116 A EP 99830116A EP 99830116 A EP99830116 A EP 99830116A EP 0940511 B1 EP0940511 B1 EP 0940511B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- incisions
- approximately
- previous
- knurling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature, for forming an insulating cladding. More generally, the present invention relates to panels that can be laid on internal or external walls or portions of buildings or structures for any use (private, industrial, services, etc).
- An isolating panel according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in FR-A-2589903.
- These panels are usually fitted to prefabricated walls of industrial structures, which in themselves have little insulating power. They are placed edge to edge to form a continuous cladding fixed in some suitable way to the external faces of said walls, for example, by adhesive bonding, pinning in, mechanical fixing (e.g. with metal sections), or with a combination of these techniques.
- the opposite face of the panel from the adhesively bonded face is then protected by applying a plaster, typically reinforced with a mesh of polymer fibers, glass fibers, metal lathing or the like, and completed with a finish coat, generally an organic or inorganic plaster.
- This cladding system is usually termed "overcoat" cladding.
- this type of cladding has a tendency to lift off the wall to which it is applied.
- the plaster too tends to come away from the panel. This is caused by the relatively sharp gradient of deformation.
- the gradient of deformation can be caused by rising and/or falling temperatures and by the temperature gradient which is maintained by said insulating panels between their faces, the outward face being in contact with the plaster which is subject to direct insolation and to cooling, and the inward face in contact with the supporting wall.
- the deformations involve the insulating panel, the wall and the plaster.
- the gradient of deformations tends to cause each panel to bend, subjecting it to tensile and compressive stresses which tend to lift it off the wall to which it is applied.
- these panels (which are usually made from expanded polystyrene cut from blocks, or preformed in slabs, or extruded, in mineral fibers, glass fibers, polyurethane or cork) sometimes offer poor adhesion to the glues and to the plaster itself so that its detachment is facilitated.
- the application of the glue and of the plaster is mostly done by hand. This does not ensure the ideal thickness of said components, which depend on having the correct thickness in order to withstand stresses.
- the adhesion of the plasters and their thickness when not ideal, encourage detachment.
- the present invention provides a thermally insulating panel according to claim 1.
- the panel according to the invention at least the outward surface of the panel, i.e. the opposite surface to that applied to the wall, incorporates at least one multiplicity of incisions that extend preferably over the whole of said surface of the panel.
- the incisions may be distributed over part of the surface, but preferably over approximately the whole surface. They may be laid out at constant or variable intervals and/or parallel with each other or even in different directions for the different incisions.
- the incisions are preferably continuous and run across the entire panel and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, may be straight or curved and parallel with each other.
- the incisions preferably exhibit, transversely to the incisions themselves, a uniform distribution.
- the panel incorporates, in addition to said at least one multiplicity of incisions, knurling distributed uniformly generally over the entire outward surface, in order to promote the adhesion of a plaster.
- the knurling may be distributed also over part or all of the inward surface of the panel, in order to provide a key for the adhesive for its bonding to the wall.
- "knurlingā means any surface configuration with relief areas and depressed areas.
- the depth of said knurling of the outward surface of the panel in a central area of the surface is shallower than the depth of the knurling of a peripheral band of the same surface.
- the knurling of the rear or inward surface may be distributed only over a peripheral band and in a moderate number of zones inside said band, while yet ensuring a sufficient degree of adhesion of the panel to the wall.
- complete distribution of the knurling over the entire inward or rear surface is not excluded.
- the panel 1 is rectangular in plan view, has a thickness of approximately 40 mm, and is produced by injection moulding of expanded beads of polystyrene.
- the panel according to the invention may differ in shape from the rectangular and may have variably thicknesses, different than and in particular greater than 40 mm.
- the moulded expanded polystyrene is one of the preferred materials, but it should be understood that other materials can be used for the manufacture of the panel, such as expanded polystyrene cut from blocks, extruded expanded polystyrene, cork, glass wool, mineral wool and other materials.
- the panel incorporates - in the example illustrated - straight incisions 3 parallel to its short sides.
- incisions may also be provided along the long sides and/or non-straight non-parallel incisions with non-constant distribution.
- These incisions 3 have a width (s) (see Fig. 5) of approximately 0.5 mm in the example, so that the mortar of a plaster applied to the outside of the cladding composed of the panels does not penetrate into the incisions, or only to a limited extent. Different thicknesses may also be appropriate.
- the incisions 3 have a depth of the order of from approximately 0.5 mm to one half of the thickness of the panel and preferably of one third of the thickness of the panel. This allows the outward surface of the panels to expand in the direction of the greater dimension of each panel, absorbing this expansion with a contraction of the width (s) of said incisions 3, so that in this direction there are no excessive compressive and tensile stresses on each panel due to thermal expansion and so that the tendency of the panel to bend is therefore limited. In the direction of their depth, the incisions need not be perpendicular to the surface of the panel.
- the outward surface 1A of the panel also comprises knurling in the form of protruding triangular islands 5 (see also Fig. 4) separated from one another by straight grooves 7 intersecting with each other in roughly circular intersections (9).
- the triangular islands 5 and said intersections 9, respectively have a height (h) and a diameter (d) of approximately 7 mm, and said grooves 7 have a width of approximately 1 mm, although these measurements should not be regarded as restrictive. Consequently the penetration of the mortar into the grooves 7 and into the intersections 9 enables the plaster to adhere to the surface 1A of the panel.
- a peripheral band 1C of the surface 1A has a knurling depth (p1) (see Fig. 5) greater than the depth (p2) of the knurling of the rest of the surface 1D lying inside the band 1C.
- the rear or inward surface 1B (Fig. 3) by which the panel is applied to the wall incorporates knurling of uniform thickness distributed in a peripheral band 1E and in zones 1F of the area lying inside said peripheral band 1E.
- the knurling is intended to enhance the adhesion and to indicate correctly the distribution of the adhesive on the panel for attachment to the wall, specifically around the edge of the panel and on said zones 1F to avoid flexing caused by thermal expansions.
- This arrangement also makes it possible to limit the volume of adhesive employed and the reduction in insulating power of the panel due to a similar reason to that described above in respect of face 1A.
- the perimeter of the panel may have any configuration, not necessarily the sharp edges illustrated, e.g. dovetail, tongue-and-groove or other configuration to permit the panels to be laid edge-to-edge and/or slotted into each other.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature, for forming an insulating cladding. More generally, the present invention relates to panels that can be laid on internal or external walls or portions of buildings or structures for any use (private, industrial, services, etc).
- An isolating panel according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in FR-A-2589903.
- These panels are usually fitted to prefabricated walls of industrial structures, which in themselves have little insulating power. They are placed edge to edge to form a continuous cladding fixed in some suitable way to the external faces of said walls, for example, by adhesive bonding, pinning in, mechanical fixing (e.g. with metal sections), or with a combination of these techniques. The opposite face of the panel from the adhesively bonded face is then protected by applying a plaster, typically reinforced with a mesh of polymer fibers, glass fibers, metal lathing or the like, and completed with a finish coat, generally an organic or inorganic plaster. This cladding system is usually termed "overcoat" cladding.
- However, this type of cladding has a tendency to lift off the wall to which it is applied. Moreover, the plaster too tends to come away from the panel. This is caused by the relatively sharp gradient of deformation. The gradient of deformation can be caused by rising and/or falling temperatures and by the temperature gradient which is maintained by said insulating panels between their faces, the outward face being in contact with the plaster which is subject to direct insolation and to cooling, and the inward face in contact with the supporting wall. The deformations involve the insulating panel, the wall and the plaster. The gradient of deformations tends to cause each panel to bend, subjecting it to tensile and compressive stresses which tend to lift it off the wall to which it is applied. Also, these panels (which are usually made from expanded polystyrene cut from blocks, or preformed in slabs, or extruded, in mineral fibers, glass fibers, polyurethane or cork) sometimes offer poor adhesion to the glues and to the plaster itself so that its detachment is facilitated. The application of the glue and of the plaster is mostly done by hand. This does not ensure the ideal thickness of said components, which depend on having the correct thickness in order to withstand stresses. The adhesion of the plasters and their thickness, when not ideal, encourage detachment.
- To eliminate or greatly reduce the problems described above, and to promote the adhesion of the plaster at the same time limiting the reduction in the insulating power of the panel, the present invention provides a thermally insulating panel according to claim 1. In the panel according to the invention at least the outward surface of the panel, i.e. the opposite surface to that applied to the wall, incorporates at least one multiplicity of incisions that extend preferably over the whole of said surface of the panel. This way the expansion of the outward surface of the panel, when it receives heat from the external environment, or gives heat up to the external environment, is at least partially absorbed by said incisions which reduce in thickness and modify the stresses by reducing the amount of area subject to these forces and avoiding the flexing and consequent detachment of the panel from the wall. The incisions may be distributed over part of the surface, but preferably over approximately the whole surface. They may be laid out at constant or variable intervals and/or parallel with each other or even in different directions for the different incisions.
- The incisions are preferably continuous and run across the entire panel and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, may be straight or curved and parallel with each other. The incisions preferably exhibit, transversely to the incisions themselves, a uniform distribution.
- Furthermore, according to the invention, the panel incorporates, in addition to said at least one multiplicity of incisions, knurling distributed uniformly generally over the entire outward surface, in order to promote the adhesion of a plaster. In one possible embodiment the knurling may be distributed also over part or all of the inward surface of the panel, in order to provide a key for the adhesive for its bonding to the wall. In the context of this description and of the accompanying claims, "knurling" means any surface configuration with relief areas and depressed areas.
- In addition, according to the invention, the depth of said knurling of the outward surface of the panel in a central area of the surface is shallower than the depth of the knurling of a peripheral band of the same surface. This reduces the use of mortar in said central area, limits the reduction in the insulating power of the panel caused by the presence of the knurling, and ensures good adhesion of the plaster in said band.
- In order to reduce the amount of adhesive employed and limit the reduction in the insulating power of the panel, the knurling of the rear or inward surface may be distributed only over a peripheral band and in a moderate number of zones inside said band, while yet ensuring a sufficient degree of adhesion of the panel to the wall. However, complete distribution of the knurling over the entire inward or rear surface is not excluded.
- Other advantageous features and embodiments of the panels according to the invention are defined in the accompanying claims.
- A clearer understanding of the invention will be gained from the description and the attached drawing, the latter showing a practical and non-restrictive embodiment of the invention. In the drawing:
- Figs. 1, 2, 3 show views of the outward face or surface, the edge and the face or surface of application (i.e. the rear or inward face), respectively, of a panel according to the invention; and
- Figs. 4, 5 show detail IV from Fig. 1 enlarged, in plan view and in section on a plane marked V-V in Fig. 4 respectively.
-
- Referring to Figs. 1-3, the panel 1 is rectangular in plan view, has a thickness of approximately 40 mm, and is produced by injection moulding of expanded beads of polystyrene.
- It should be understood that the panel according to the invention may differ in shape from the rectangular and may have variably thicknesses, different than and in particular greater than 40 mm. The moulded expanded polystyrene is one of the preferred materials, but it should be understood that other materials can be used for the manufacture of the panel, such as expanded polystyrene cut from blocks, extruded expanded polystyrene, cork, glass wool, mineral wool and other materials.
- On the
opposite surface 1A to thesurface 1B bonded to the supporting wall, the panel incorporates - in the example illustrated -straight incisions 3 parallel to its short sides. Altematively or in combination, incisions may also be provided along the long sides and/or non-straight non-parallel incisions with non-constant distribution. Theseincisions 3 have a width (s) (see Fig. 5) of approximately 0.5 mm in the example, so that the mortar of a plaster applied to the outside of the cladding composed of the panels does not penetrate into the incisions, or only to a limited extent. Different thicknesses may also be appropriate. Theincisions 3 have a depth of the order of from approximately 0.5 mm to one half of the thickness of the panel and preferably of one third of the thickness of the panel. This allows the outward surface of the panels to expand in the direction of the greater dimension of each panel, absorbing this expansion with a contraction of the width (s) of saidincisions 3, so that in this direction there are no excessive compressive and tensile stresses on each panel due to thermal expansion and so that the tendency of the panel to bend is therefore limited. In the direction of their depth, the incisions need not be perpendicular to the surface of the panel. - The
outward surface 1A of the panel also comprises knurling in the form of protruding triangular islands 5 (see also Fig. 4) separated from one another bystraight grooves 7 intersecting with each other in roughly circular intersections (9). In the example thetriangular islands 5 and saidintersections 9, respectively, have a height (h) and a diameter (d) of approximately 7 mm, and saidgrooves 7 have a width of approximately 1 mm, although these measurements should not be regarded as restrictive. Consequently the penetration of the mortar into thegrooves 7 and into theintersections 9 enables the plaster to adhere to thesurface 1A of the panel. - A
peripheral band 1C of thesurface 1A has a knurling depth (p1) (see Fig. 5) greater than the depth (p2) of the knurling of the rest of thesurface 1D lying inside theband 1C. This ensures stronger adhesion of the plaster around the edge of the panel without excessively reducing the insulating power of the panel inarea 1D, which is the greater part of the panel, such reduction being the result of replacing the insulating material with mortar in the sunken parts of the knurling. - The rear or
inward surface 1B (Fig. 3) by which the panel is applied to the wall incorporates knurling of uniform thickness distributed in aperipheral band 1E and inzones 1F of the area lying inside saidperipheral band 1E. In this case the knurling is intended to enhance the adhesion and to indicate correctly the distribution of the adhesive on the panel for attachment to the wall, specifically around the edge of the panel and on saidzones 1F to avoid flexing caused by thermal expansions. This arrangement also makes it possible to limit the volume of adhesive employed and the reduction in insulating power of the panel due to a similar reason to that described above in respect offace 1A. - The perimeter of the panel may have any configuration, not necessarily the sharp edges illustrated, e.g. dovetail, tongue-and-groove or other configuration to permit the panels to be laid edge-to-edge and/or slotted into each other.
- It will be understood that the drawing shows only an illustrative embodiment purely by way of a practical demonstration of the invention, and that the invention can be varied in its shapes and arrangements without thereby departing from the scope of claims. The presence of any reference numerals in the accompanying claims is for the purpose of facilitating the reading of the claims with reference to the description and drawing, and does not limit the scope of protection represented by the claims.
Claims (14)
- A thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature, for forming an insulating cladding, wherein at least the opposite surface (1A) of the panel to that (1B) applied to the wall incorporates at least one multiplicity of incisions (3), and incorporating in addition to said at least one multiplicity of incisions (3), a knurling (5, 7, 9) distributed uniformly, preferably over approximately the entire outward surface (1A), in order to promote the adhesion of a plaster, characterized in that the depth of said knurling (5, 7, 9) in a central area (1D) of the surface is shallower than the depth of the knurling of a peripheral band (1C) of the same surface.
- A panel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said knurling (5, 7, 9) is distributed also at least partly over the inward surface (1B) of the panel, in order to provide a key for the adhesive for its bonding to the wall.
- A panel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said knurling of the inward surface (1B) is distributed only over a peripheral band (1E) and in a moderate number of zones (1F) inside said band.
- A panel as claimed in one or more of claims 1-3, characterized in that said knurling includes protruding islands (5) of equilateral triangular plan, separated from one another by straight channels (7) meeting in circular intersections (9).
- A panel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said triangular islands have a height (h) of approximately 7 mm, said channels have a width (t) of approximately 1 mm and said intersections (9) have a diameter of approximately 7 mm.
- Panel as claimed in one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that said incisions are parallel.
- A panel as claimed in one or more of the previous claims , characterized in that said multiplicity of incisions extends for the most part over the whole of said surface (1A) of the panel.
- A panel as claimed in one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that said incisions (3) are continuous and run across the entire panel.
- A panel as claimed in one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that said incisions (3) are straight.
- A panel as claimed in one or more of the previous claims, characterized in that said incisions (3) are curved.
- A panel as claimed in any one of the previous claims, characterized in that said at least one multiplicity of incisions (3) exhibits, transversely to the incisions themselves, a uniform distribution.
- A panel as claimed in any one of the previous claims, characterized in that said incisions (3) have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm.
- Panel as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that said incisions (3) have a depth of from approximately 5 mm to approximately one half of the thickness of the panel and preferably of approximately one third of the thickness of the panel.
- A panel as claimed in any one of the previous claims, characterized in that it is of rectangular shape and incorporates a single multiplicity of straight incisions (3) oriented parallel to the short dimension of the rectangle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITFI980049 | 1998-03-05 | ||
IT98FI000049A ITFI980049A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | A THERMAL INSULATION PANEL SUITABLE TO BE APPLIED TO SURFACES OF BUILDING WALLS PARTICULARLY EXPOSED TO THERMAL SHOCKS. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0940511A2 EP0940511A2 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
EP0940511A3 EP0940511A3 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
EP0940511B1 true EP0940511B1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=11352420
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99830116A Expired - Lifetime EP0940511B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-05 | A thermally insulating panel for application to surfaces of walls of buildings that are particularly exposed to sudden changes of temperature |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0940511B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE258629T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69914386T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2213345T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITFI980049A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITRE20050099A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Enrico Maria Pederini | SYSTEM FOR COATING BUILDING STRUCTURES |
EP2347912B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-07-11 | MĆ¼ller Martini Holding AG | Device for moulding the back of book block |
FR2977265B1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-07-26 | Isobox Technologies | COMPOSITE PANEL FOR THE THERMAL INSULATION OF FACADE OF BUILDINGS |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7935446U1 (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1980-04-03 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | THERMAL INSULATION PLATE |
DE3203046A1 (en) * | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-04 | Friedrich 6702 Bad DĆ¼rkheim Heck | Interior insulation of wet rooms and insulating board for its production |
FR2589903B1 (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1990-08-17 | Zryd Ets | DEVICE FOR INSULATING WALLS FROM THE EXTERIOR. |
US5224316A (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1993-07-06 | Fredericks Chester P | Textured insulated building panel |
IT237244Y1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 2000-09-05 | Dow Italia | PANEL FOR THE THERMAL INSULATION OF PILLARS OR BEAMS OF BUILDINGS PRESENTING PRE-BREAKING LINES SUITABLE TO ALLOW SEPARATION |
-
1998
- 1998-03-05 IT IT98FI000049A patent/ITFI980049A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-03-05 AT AT99830116T patent/ATE258629T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-05 ES ES99830116T patent/ES2213345T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-05 EP EP99830116A patent/EP0940511B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-05 DE DE69914386T patent/DE69914386T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITFI980049A0 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
DE69914386T2 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
ATE258629T1 (en) | 2004-02-15 |
ES2213345T3 (en) | 2004-08-16 |
EP0940511A3 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
EP0940511A2 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
ITFI980049A1 (en) | 1999-09-05 |
DE69914386D1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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