EP0937556A2 - Process and mould for making concrete blocks , in particular for the railway track building - Google Patents

Abstract

The mold (20) consists of a flat base (21), a trellised mold (22) possessing vertical partitions (27-29) and a vertical opening (26), and a stamp mold (23) possessing a stamp(34). A displacement body (30) is inserted laterally into the vertical opening in the trellised mold through an opening in the vertical partition. The vertical opening in the trellised mold widens out conically downwards as do the displacement body and opening in the vertical partition.

Description

The invention relates to a mold for producing a shaped block made of concrete mass, especially for track construction, and shows at the same time process for its production. So it's about the production of shaped stones that are about normal parallelepiped shape have a different shape. While such normal shaped blocks made of concrete, in particular shaped blocks in S or Z shape for creating a composite paving, for example have constant height over the length and width there are other shaped stones that are not approximated in all levels show rectangular cross section, but the one arched or angled surface, one from a surface extending into the Have stone extending recess or recess or at least have a multi-dimensional surface. In any case, this surface represents one of the six surfaces of the shaped stone. The shaped stone otherwise has at least another newly formed area. Such shaped stones do not have a constant in any of the three spatial directions continuous cross section. Although they can have areas in which the cross section over part of the extension in the direction in question is constant, but they have different ones Areas where the cross section varies. Such shaped stones thus have a discontinuous cross-sectional shape in some areas.

DE-GM 1 970 456 is a three-part mold for production of shaped blocks made of concrete mass known, the one one flat base, a vertical partition and a vertical one Openwork grid shape and a stamp has stamp shape. It is a sinker provided the side through an opening in the vertical Partition in the vertical opening of the grid shape is retractable. The displacement body is fixed in volume, i.e. its volume agrees with the differential volume of the creator Shaped stones to form a parallelepipedic envelope match. The opening in the vertical partition and the Displacers are connected to the flat surface, so arranged at the bottom of the grid shape. The sinker is essentially insertable into the grid shape at the bottom, the protruding part at the bottom face of the stamp. The displacement body extends in one spatial direction continuously along the corresponding Dimension of the lattice shape, so that the finished stone has a constant cross-section in this spatial direction. The displacement body can also only be part of the length or take up the width of the grid shape. With such a shape no shaped stone can be produced in any of the three spatial directions at least in some areas a non-constant, i.e. discontinuous, Has cross-sectional profile. Rather, there is one Spatial direction in which the shaped stone has a constant cross-section having. With this known shape, shaped stones like manufacture as follows, from a single batch of concrete. The displacement body is in the vertical opening introduced into the lattice shape, filled the concrete mass. Then it will be the displacement body is removed from the grid shape, so that the im formed in the lower region of the lattice shape collapses and on the surface of the poured concrete mass shifted. The volume and shape of the sinker correspond to the final shape of the shaped block. With the stamp lowered into the lattice form becomes the final one Shape of the shaped stone generated. The compaction of the concrete mass is done by vibration. The disadvantage of this is that the after pulling out the sinker onto the surface shifting cavity only a partially reproducible shape occupies. The dimensional accuracy of the shaped stones produced in this way is not guaranteed. But it is already on the possibility pointed out the shaped stone alternatively from a first Batch of core mass and a second batch of facing mass. Here, too, the displacement body is first inserted into the introduced empty grid shape. The first brought in Core mass is pre-compressed and then face mass is introduced, before the displacer moves out of the grid shape becomes. The final compression can then take place. The disadvantage of this is that when the temporary collapse Cavity after pulling out the sinker Mix the core mass and the facing mass so that the shaped stone just where the complicated designed surface is is a mixture of core and facing mass the surface forms.

Shaped stones of the type mentioned at the outset, that is to say in none of the three spatial directions have a constant cross-sectional profile, are used especially in track construction as so-called rail chamber fill stones needed. When laying tram tracks, especially in big cities, the two tracks are through Tie rods fixed at the intended distance and on a Underbedding applied. Each rail usually has symmetrical to their vertical longitudinal median plane two different trained rail chambers, in which the Tie rod fittings are housed. This is what it is about are screw fittings that are essentially horizontal extend through the upright web of the rail and serve to fix the tie rod. When laying such tracks the task arises to fill the rail chambers with filler stones fill, to which a plaster can then be laid, which fills the main interior between two rails and even after the outside of the rail to a road training connects. Such rail chamber fillstones are Form stones with areas in all three spatial directions Varying cross-sectional profile, the filler stone having a recess has, the size and arrangement of the arrangement the screw connection of the tie rod is coordinated. It is known, form the fillers so that they are in the vertical plane of the Screw connection are divided. In addition to such filler stones that as it were half a recess for receiving the screw connection have, there are other filler stones in the space between two screw connections and the none have three-dimensional surface, but only trapezoidal in accordance with the shape of the rail Have cross-section.

Fill stones of the type described first, i.e. in all three Spatial directions of the cross-sectional course, have so far been manufactured exclusively by hand. It will uses a one-piece form that looks like one represents open trough. The bottom of the trough is three-dimensional designed as required by the rail screw connection. The trough has conically extending side walls that give off an open edge through which the concrete mass is filled by hand. A shaking process then takes place in order to compact the earth-moist concrete mass. Possibly additional concrete mass is filled into the form. The shape is then smeared according to its top margin. By tilting or turning the shape by hand, the thus formed raw stone placed on a document and the Form removed. This molding process by hand with the help a one-piece trough shape agrees in principle with the known one "Cake cheeks" match, which in toddlers when playing in Sandboxes is known. The known manufacturing process of such Molded stones by hand have numerous disadvantages. The production by hand is complex and time consuming. The necessary Tilting process to empty the mold will damage the Shaped stones. The compacting effect by shaking can only be imperfect and done unevenly. The tolerable tolerances such shaped stones are relatively large. Usually one draws insufficient compression of the concrete mass a deformation of the shaped stone during drying or hardening due to uneven Shrinkage after itself, so that those made by hand Shaped stones become crooked and crooked. The shaped stones can also only be made in small batches, because the introduced and smeared mass in the trough-like Mold undergoes a pre-hardening process, which usually lasts several hours must be, so that the form for a subsequent Shaping process is not available. The lack of dimensional accuracy of such hand-made shaped stones has an adverse effect in many ways. At the Laying the stones to the right and left of a rail result there are relatively large remaining voids that will ultimately result in Potting compound must be filled so that the consumption of such relatively expensive potting compound is relatively high. If laying the rail chamber fill stones are carried out while the vehicle is in operation, how this cannot be avoided, especially in big cities, this leads to the fact that the inserted filler stones by the vibration by the tram their relative location on the foot leave the rail, so an appropriate correction is required will before the space between two rails can be paved with other stones. The minor Dimensional stability of the hand-made shaped stones prevented in some cases the machine laying that is absolutely desired of other shaped stones between two rails.

The invention has for its object a form for production of a shaped block from concrete mass and method to to show its manufacture, with the or the stones of the type in question, that is, in all three spatial directions cross-sectional profile varying at least in some areas, with improved properties in a simple manner by machine can be produced.

According to the invention, this is in a three-part form Production of a shaped block from concrete mass from a flat Underlay, a vertical partition and a vertical Openwork grid shape and a stamp having stamp shape and one laterally by a Opening in the vertical partition into the vertical Breakthrough the grid shape retractable and volume fixed displacement body, which is achieved indicates that for the production of a shaped block with at least in some areas discontinuous cross-sectional course in all three Spatial directions of the displacement body and the opening in the vertical partition as high as possible on the lattice shape and as close as possible to the discontinuous cross-sectional profile on Forming stone defining surface of the stamp are arranged.

The mold according to the invention for producing a shaped block from Concrete mass, the at least partially discontinuous cross-sectional profile has in all three spatial directions, has the displacement body no longer at the bottom of the grid shape on the flat surface, but the higher the better on the Lattice shape, so that the fall height when the temporary collapse Cavity is as small as possible. This forms the collapsing temporary cavity on the free surface the filled-in earth-moist concrete mass compared to the stand technology more precisely and therefore more reproducibly. The dimensional accuracy of the shaped stone is improved. In particular, it is possible that the displacement body immediately after the upper edge of the lattice shape or with only a small distance is arranged below. This advantage occurs when an Molded stone is made from a single batch of concrete mass. The advantage also applies if the molded block is made from a first batch of core mass and a second batch of facing mass will be produced.

The shape is so far for the production of a shaped body described. However, it is understood that the shape is usually has a plurality of nests, so that a plurality of corresponding Moldings can be produced at the same time. The displacement body are attached laterally, in the Usually on two opposite ends of the form. Form itself is formed in at least three parts and has one Base, a grid shape and a stamp shape. Add to that another drawing sheet comes between the pad and Grid shape is used. By using the drawing plate this flat surface of the shaped stone becomes even smoother designed. Of course, it also makes sense to have several displacement bodies to manage via a common drive, d. H. entering or leaving various openings to lead the interior of the openings outwards again. The three-dimensional surface is now on top, while she was lying down with the trough-like hand shape.

The displacement body can be a parallelepipedic body be formed, the end face in the vertical Breakthrough extended position with the partition of Opening in the lattice shape is aligned. The sinker is essentially by volume and locally at the top of the lattice shape fixed. Its shape is not so important because the temporary cavity collapsed anyway and the external shape ultimately through the shape the stamp of the stamp shape in connection with the side wall the grid shape and the base is determined. It is important despite the relatively high arrangement of the sinker relative to the grid shape, the emergence of an additional Avoid cavity below the sinker. Therefore, the shape of the sinker can also vary from that Shape of the finished shaped block.

It makes sense if the vertical opening in the lattice shape is conically expanding downwards and also the displacer and the opening in the vertical Partition expand conically downwards. This makes it easier the introduction of the concrete mass, even during shaking, and also demolding.

For the production of a shaped block from a core mass and a The final dimensions are the displacement body and the opening in the vertical partition at a distance below the upper edge of the lattice shape arranged as it is for insertion which is also about the discontinuous cross-sectional profile facing mass extending on the surface of the shaped stone is required. This distance makes it possible to Area of the intricately designed surface a continuous Fill layer from the facing mass, which is in the area of the collapsing temporary cavity with the core mass mixed.

The sinker should be surrounded by concrete have non-obstructive cross-section. He can e.g. in connection with the partitions of the lattice shape one down not have a narrowing cross section. It should be horizontal Extension should not be too flat, so when No additional shaking under the sinker Cavity is created or remains, but the grid shape is fully filled below the sinker.

The lattice shape can have a plurality of vertical openings and the stamp shape a plurality of each of the openings have assigned stamps. This makes it possible to use a known filling machine in connection with the mold and reproducible in a simple manner with a relatively high output To produce shaped blocks with high dimensional accuracy.

In a method for producing a shaped block from concrete mass becomes a three-part shape from a flat surface, a vertical partition and a vertical opening having a grid shape and a stamped Stamp shape and a side through an opening in the vertical partition into the vertical opening of the lattice shape retractable and fixed volume used. The displacer becomes vertical Breakthrough of the grid shape introduced. Moist concrete mass is in the lattice shape after the insertion of the sinker filled by machine, smeared and shaken. So a temporary cavity is created in the concrete mass. To the removal of the sinker from the grid shape the stamp shape with the stamp lowered into the lattice shape, the surface of which is molded and the rough shaped stone thus formed molded on a base. For the production of a shaped stone with at least partially discontinuous cross-sectional profile in In all three spatial directions, the displacement body is inventively sideways into the vertical opening of the empty one Grid shape as high as possible and as close as possible below the desired discontinuous three-dimensional varying surface of the Formstone introduced.

Another such method is to manufacture a shaped block with discontinuous at least in some areas Cross-sectional profile in all three spatial directions the empty First fill the lattice form with concrete mass, then the displacement body as high and as close as possible below the desired discontinuous three-dimensional varying surface of the Formsteins introduced into the concrete mass in the lattice form and filled concrete mass displaced upwards. Then done wiping off excess concrete mass before the sinker is moved out of the grid shape.

In both cases, the stamp of the stamp shape is on the Lowered surface of the concrete mass. Then there is the shaking and the shaping of the shaped block thus formed relative to the vertical opening downwards onto the surface.

The invention proceeds despite the expected difficulties the idea, even those comparatively more complicated now to manufacture shaped stones mechanically by a three-part form from a flat document, one a vertical opening having a grid shape and one a stamp-shaped stamp shape is used. In this respect, a form is used as it is also in connection with comparatively simple shaped stones is used with a board machine. In addition, a Displacer in the vertical opening of the lattice shape introduced relatively high up. The sinker will just below the surface to be formed, facing the stamp of the shaped stone placed on the formation of the three-dimensional Reproducible surface and influence with good accuracy to take. The sinker is regarding its volume to be displaced but is correct with regard to its shape not primarily with that to be achieved Shape of the shaped stone on the surface in question. The dimensioning and design of the sinker rather depends on other criteria, for example according to the behavior of the concrete mass during the vibrating process. The volumetric definition of the sinker is aimed according to the surface to be formed, its extent and Arrangement, especially according to the regionally varying Cross-sectional profile. But also the absolutely necessary area size of the sinker and the size and accessibility the one formed below him in the lattice form, with Concrete mass to be filled is decisive. The volume of the Displacement body can be chosen to be about 3% smaller than the theoretical volume of a depression in the stone. The Displacer serves a temporary, relatively wide to create a cavity in the concrete mass located above only for a short time of the entire production of the shaped stone is created and remains to be an ultimately uneven Achieve reproducible bulk. A concrete mass can be comparatively easily in a recess pour in or bring in, especially after a Wiping a more or less horizontal Surface is created on the concrete mass. Much more difficult is to provide a fill that is horizontal does not have a continuous surface. This will be the case here achieved by using the temporary cavity. After this the displacer has been removed from the grid shape the concrete mass in the opening also drops low head, whereby the cavity is destroyed and the The surface of the poured concrete is no longer horizontal runs. In association with the displacement body, the Stamp the stamp shape on a three-dimensional surface, with which it is lowered onto the surface of the concrete mass. It the raw shaped block thus formed is then shaken and shaped relative to the vertical opening down on the pad. The three-dimensional is the new method Surface of the shaped stone no longer below, as with the Hand shaping, but now at the top. This three-dimensional surface arrives in the installation position of the shaped stone z. B. as a rail chamber fill stone in a vertical position, namely the rail facing away while the opposite flat surface passing through the base just designed is formed, a vertical one running pad forms on which another plaster can be connected. The new processes don't advantageous to previously known molding machines, so-called Board machines to be used unchanged for production. It arise despite the complicated shape of the shaped stone those advantages associated with machine manufacturing are. This results in excellent dimensional accuracy and Reproducibility. The quality is also compared to the shaped stones raised. It creates a homogeneous, even compacted structure in the rock without larger pores or blowholes. Furthermore, the raw molded block receives two Compression and such a high level of structural strength already during molding, that the molding immediately after shaping can happen and the lattice shape for the next shaping cycle is available again. The drying or setting Shrinkage that occurs is minimized. The new procedures offer the further advantage that the the tie rod fittings facing recesses on the shaped block kept optimally small can be. In other words, the shaped stone gets a special one high mass that is placed relatively close to the rail. By this good dimensional accuracy can on the one hand be relocated Filling stones can also be carried out during operation. The Danger of slipping due to impact or vibrations is largely eliminated. Between the rail and the Filling stone results in smaller voids, so that consumption of hot sealing compound is reduced. While handmade In certain applications, filler stones are glued together storage using an adhesive is required made, can be made with the new process Lay fillers loosely. The new molded block also shows a flat connection side for the connection of a paving, for example between the rails, that is in the misaligned position is aligned vertically and as a result of good dimensional accuracy, also a machine laying of the plaster between the rails. Finally comes with that new procedures adherence to a setting time, as described by several hours for hand shaping was required to complete in progress. Because in one form a plurality of stones produced at the same time results in a significant Performance increase. For example, 20 shaped stones in about 30 seconds. The mechanical shaping is cleverly used to by hand molding much higher compression also relatively narrow to be able to produce protruding webs immediately after the Forming are already so solidified that committee largely is avoided. It is amazing that such a thing Complicated shaped block, so in all three Spatial directions of the cross-sectional course, can be produced at all by machine. So this applies to shaped stones, which are perpendicular to each other across the surface standing directions, for example in the horizontal plane, varying dimensions in the third direction, i.e. different Height dimensions.

By removing the sinker and / or lowering it of the stamp of the stamp form, the temporary cavity becomes Brought down and thus a pre-compressed bed with a vary at least in one direction across the surface Dimension of wet concrete mass in the opening of the lattice shape generated. The temporary cavity is created during manufacture generated and subsequently destroyed again to already in this state a three-dimensionally deformed surface to create the concrete mass, which is already local is designed differently, as is the design of the Formstones roughly required. The displacement body is in primarily in terms of volume, but also locally. His external shape usually matches the shape of the finished one Shaped body existing recess does not match, but corresponds essentially only to the arrangement of the recess. The The shape of the sinker is based on other criteria, especially after the flow behavior of the concrete mass during of shaking in between. In this way it can be advantageous a pre-compressed bed with varying upper limits generate, which then attack the stamp shape with the stamp can. When shaking the finished product, only comparatively little is left Concrete mass moved horizontally.

There is a possibility that the concrete mass from a first Batch of core concrete mass filled into the lattice form, smeared, is shaken and thus pre-compressed and then a second batch of facing concrete mass in the lattice form filled, smeared, shaken and thus the raw molded block is fully compacted. It is of course also possible for both Batches using the same concrete mass, for example, if the shaped stone has no special surface properties should or must have. On the other hand, it is possible to the places where, for example, narrow webs are formed must be used to use facing concrete mass in order to and way to favor the shape. In all cases it is advisable to use two batches, i.e. pre-compression perform, and also the stamp form the possibility to give the stamps to a certain depth in the Lattice shape can penetrate the shape.

The method according to the invention can vary in detail be designed. A first sensible procedure results from the fact that the displacement body in the empty grid shape is retracted, that then the first batch Core concrete mass introduced into the lattice form and then the second Batch of facing concrete mass filled into the lattice form and is smeared that the displacement body from the lattice shape is extended, and then the stamp shape with the stamp weighted on the surface of the concrete mass and the rough shaped block is compacted by shaking. With this The displacer is moved into the empty lattice shape retracted so that the first batch after its introduction in the vertical perforation of the lattice shape already around the sinker must flow around. Introducing the first Batch in the grid form includes filling, wiping and Shake one. The gaps between the Displacer and the side walls of the lattice shape are not be designed too closely so that the concrete mass on them Pass through places down and can store. First after the second batch is also introduced into the lattice mold has become, the displacer from the lattice shape extended so that the temporary cavity collapses or through the stamp is brought down to collapse. The The weight of the stamp shape then acts on the stamp or stamps the concrete mass and the final shape hardening takes place through a shaking process under load Weight of the stamp shape.

Another way of manufacturing is that the first batch of core concrete mass introduced into the lattice form is that the displacer is then retracted into the lattice shape is and a pre-compression by shaking that then the second batch of facing concrete mass into the lattice form is filled in and wiped off that then the displacement body removed from the grid shape, the stamp shape with the Stamp placed on the surface of the concrete mass by weight and the raw molded block is compacted by shaking. With this production, the displacement body does not displace just air in the mold, but concrete mass that is the first batch has been introduced. This also creates a temporary cavity created. The further process steps are corresponding designed. This method is particularly advantageous if particularly thin-walled webs or flanges on the Molded stone are to be molded.

The shaping of the rough shaped stone on the base can by weight Relieve the rough form stone in the lattice form and relative raising of the grid shape compared to the stamp shape respectively. When the weight is relieved, the stamp shape only slightly, at most by a few millimeters, raised. This happens on the one hand, around the bracketed Relieve concrete mass from pressure. Generally this is enough Relief already out to the pressed raw molded block too already detach from the wall on the lattice shape so that it even when lifting the grid shape on the surface rests. This detachment from the lattice shape is also of conicity depending on the shaped stone in the area of the side walls. This is in the manufacture of rail chamber filler blocks Taper given by the shape of the rail. If the Taper is not desired, as is the case with other shaped stones The case may be a relative increase in the lattice shape compared to the stamp shape to be used to make the rough shaped stones loosen from the openings of the grid shape and on to keep the document.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf einen Formstein in der Ausbildung als Schienenkammerfüllstein,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Formsteins gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Stirnansicht des Formsteins gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Schiene mit der Anordnung zweier unterschiedlich geformter Formsteine als Schienenkammerfüllsteine,

Fig. 5

die wesentlichen Elemente der bei dem Verfahren eingesetzten Form, angepaßt an den Formstein der Fig. 1 bis 3,

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 5 durch die Gitterform,

Fig. 7

Teile der Form während der Herstellung des Formsteins,

Fig. 8

eine weitere Darstellung während des Herstellvorgangs,

Fig. 9

die Relativlage der Teile vor der Entformung des Formsteins und

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht auf eine komplett eingeteilte Gitterform für die Herstellung von Schienenkammerfüllsteinen.

The invention is further illustrated and described on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a shaped block in the training as a rail chamber fill block,

Fig. 2

2 shows a side view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows an end view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

a vertical section through a rail with the arrangement of two differently shaped shaped blocks as rail chamber filler blocks,

Fig. 5

the essential elements of the form used in the method, adapted to the shaped stone of FIGS. 1 to 3,

Fig. 6

5 shows a section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5 through the lattice shape,

Fig. 7

Parts of the mold during the manufacture of the shaped block,

Fig. 8

another representation during the manufacturing process,

Fig. 9

the relative position of the parts before the mold is removed from the mold and

Fig. 10

a plan view of a completely divided grid shape for the production of rail chamber filler blocks.

1 to 3 is a shaped block 1 in training as Rail chamber fill block clarified. Fig. 1 shows a top view from above and leaves the top surface during manufacture 2 of the shaped block 1 recognize. A large area of the surface 2 has the same height over the length 3 and width 4. In an adjoining area are symmetrical to a vertical longitudinal center plane 5 two symmetrically arranged Webs 6 are provided, between which a recess 7 is formed is provided as a depression in the surface 2 and has an inclined surface 8 in the central region of the surface. The shaped block 1 has parallel to each other on its Narrow sides two vertical end faces 9 and 10. On the long sides two longitudinal surfaces 11 and 12 are provided, which are conical are designed. The webs 6 are conical over their height designed as shown in the drawings. The recess 7 has a bottom surface 13 which, like the surface the webs 6 at an angle of z. B. 9 ° inclined Horizontal can run. The shaped block 1 has a height 14 on, which are in the two spatial directions of the horizontal plane extends over a large part of the surface 2 and only varies in the area of the webs 6 and the recess 7 or decreases. To this extent, the total surface varies Height. The shaped block 1 has a bearing surface 15 which continuously, i.e. over the length 3 and width 4, as a plane Surface is formed and in the assembled position of the shaped block Appears as a vertically aligned rail chamber filler occurs.

The shaped block 1 does not have one in any of the three spatial directions constant cross section. In every direction the stone 1 at the individual points on the by the area formed in two other spatial directions constant and non-constant in other areas, so varying dimensions. The shaped block 1 thus shows areas different cross-sections in all three spatial directions on. The shaped stone can be made, for example, in the manner of a bread cut into slices in each of the three spatial directions and receives different - at least in some areas Cross sections.

Fig. 4 shows the installation situation of the shaped block 1 in the outer area on a rail 16. Inside, that is between two Rails 16 is a shaped block 1 'which is basically of the same design arranged, which has only adapted dimensions. Man recognizes that the shaped blocks 1, 1 'with their contact surfaces 15th are arranged vertically, in such a way that the Elements of a screw 17, for example a screw shaft and a nut for attaching an implied Tie rod 18 on the vertical flange 19 of the rail 16 serve to be received in the recess 7. The shaped stones 1 and 1 'are symmetrical to their respective median longitudinal planes 5 trained and enclose each with two head to head in Area of the screw 17 arranged blocks the screw 17 relatively narrow, so comparatively leaving behind small cavities. The taper of the side surfaces 11 and 12 on each shaped block 1 is formed by the shape of the rail 16 given. Due to the shape of the shaped blocks 1 or 1 'symmetrical to the respective longitudinal median plane 5 it is achieved that two such shaped stones each head to head in the area of one Screw 17 can be placed while between two other screw connections on the rail Filling stones can be introduced that have no recesses 7 are manufactured.

Fig. 5 shows the basic structure of a mold 20 as it is used in the method according to the invention. Form 20 is formed in at least three parts and has a base 21, a grid shape 22 and a stamp shape 23. Between the Base 21 and the lattice shape 22 can additionally be a Drawing plate 24 may be provided. The pad 21, often called Board is formed, lies on a work table 25 or passes through the filling machine with which the concrete mass gets into the mold 20 is introduced. The grid shape 22 lies on the Base 21 or on the intermediate drawing plate 24 on, although these parts one above the other for clarification in Fig. 5 are shown. The grid shape 22 points for everyone Stone 1 is a substantially vertically extending Opening 26, which is open at the top and bottom is. In Fig. 5, two are vertical in hatched representation running partitions 27 and 28 recognizable. On the partition 27 forms the end wall 10 of the shaped block 1, while the Partition 28 of the end wall 9 of the shaped block 1 is assigned. The partitions 27 and 28 are aligned vertically to the base 21 provided so that here is a rectangular shape of the shaped stone 1 forms. The opening 26 is through a Longitudinal partition 29 on one and the other long side in association to the side surfaces 11 and 12 of the shaped block 1 is completed. The longitudinal partitions 29 are, however, down conically widening against each other. The angle will predetermined by the shape of the foot of the rail 16, serves but also the easy demolding.

In the area of the partition 28, a displacement body 30 is in the Horizontal plane according to double arrow 31 slidably mounted thus in the longitudinal direction of the shaped block 1 into the opening 26 retractable or from this opening 26, as shown, is arranged extractable. The displacement body 30 penetrates the partition wall 28. Its front face is flush with it the inside of the partition 28. Also its rear end extends parallel to the partition 28. Above and below the displacement body 30 has mutually parallel, here 7 flat surfaces despite the recess to be formed. The side Surfaces of the displacer 30 (FIG. 6) are themselves flared downwards, in the same Angles like the taper of the partitions 29. The displacer 30 is thus provided in the form of a parallelepiped and trained. It is fixed by volume, i.e. its volume is determined by the volume of the stone 1 recess to be formed 7. The volume of the displacer 30 can preferably be chosen to be about 3% smaller than that Volume of the recess 7. It is also important that the displacement body 30 with its parallelepiped shape none Has dimension with one of the dimensions of the opening 26 would match. The displacement body 30 goes So in none of the three spatial directions, but is selective or placed as a body within the opening 26. It is of crucial importance that the breakthrough in the partition wall 28 through which the displacement body 30 into the Opening 26 of the grid shape 22 is retractable, if possible up to the lattice shape 22, here somewhat above the middle of the Partition 28 just below the imaginary finished surface of the shaped block 1 is placed according to its shape. By this measure can be the surface of the after retracting of the displacer 30 collapsing cavity more precise and reproducible preforms. The drop height of the concrete mass is low. This increases the dimensional accuracy of the finished product Formstein 1. A mixture of core mass and facing mass is avoided. The displacer 30 can be a piston rod Have 32 on which a drive, not shown attacks the displacer 30 between its two Positions either to enter the opening 26 or, as shown to drive out of this. It goes without saying that several openings 26 with several displacers 30 along a long side of the grid shape 22 (FIG. 10) can be provided via a common drive are summarized.

The stamp plate 23 of the form 20 has a bearing plate 33, to which a plurality of stamps 34 are preferably exchangeably attached are. The stamp 34 shown completely here has one Outline that corresponds to the outline of the opening 26 in the lattice shape 22 is matched so that the stamp 34 in the interior of the Opening 26 can retract. The relative movement in this regard the stamp form 23 with the stamp 34 is by the Double arrow 35 indicated. It is essential to recognize that the Stamp 34 a three-dimensional on its downward side Surface 36 has, which corresponds to the horizontal part of the surface 2 of the shaped block 1 over a Much of the length extends, two ramps 37 for training the webs 6 and between them a bulge 38 with an inclined surface 39 for imaging recess 7 with inclined surface 8 between the webs 6 on the shaped block 1.

The drawing plate 24 can according to the molding process Arrow 40 relative to the held pad 21 and the captured grid shape 22 are pulled out.

Fig. 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI, for simplification only by the grid shape 22 to the location and the To illustrate the taper of the displacer 30. The Side walls of the displacer 30 form with the longitudinal partition walls 29 one its passage width from top to bottom not narrowing gap, resulting in a flow of the filled earth-moist concrete mass favors. This also ensures that the concrete mass when filling and shaking also the Space between the lower surface of the displacer 30 and completely fills the drawing plate 24. In any case, it is then the case when the displacement body 30 corresponds to the not to be formed recess 7 on the molded block 1 is not too large has horizontal cross-sectional area. If shaped stones with different shape than shown here, it can be necessary to compare the shape of the displacement body 30 even more deviant to the shape of the shaped stone choose to complete the filling and sliding down the concrete mass to be poured into the space under the sinker to reach.

The different steps of the manufacturing process will be based on a first execution option and by clarification 7 to 9 explained as follows:

7, the grid shape 22 rests on the base 21 or on the work table 25, with the opening 26 below is closed by the drawing plate 24. The sinker 30 is in the opening 26, as shown in Fig. 7, retracted so that its over the partition 28 inwards protruding part occupies a temporary cavity 41 or insofar as the air in the opening 26 is displaced. Subsequently a first batch of concrete mass, preferably core concrete mass, from above into the opening 26 (and other others Openings 26) filled. This is done with a filling truck, that in the filling machine relative to the lattice shape 22 is moved perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 7. It can make sense be to join a jog to the space below of the displacer 30 to be completely filled. In In many cases, this pre-jogging process is not necessary. The upper edge of the grid shape 22 is wiped off so that the entire space of the opening 26 with the exception of the Cavity 41-occupying part of the displacer 30 with Concrete mass (shown in dashed lines) is filled. The stamp shape 23 is removed or raised from the grid shape 22, so that the filling truck can fulfill its function. Subsequently to a wiping process in which excess, concrete mass projecting over the upper edge of the lattice form 22 is wiped, a shaking process follows, which closes a pre-compression of the introduced into the opening 26 Concrete mass leads. The concrete mass also drops by that Displacement body 30 in the lattice shape 22 further downwards, so that the surface of the concrete mass thus created, which is shown in Fig. 7 is indicated by dashed lines, is slightly lower than the top edge of the lattice shape 22. During this time the displacement body 30 in the retracted position. A second filling process or the introduction then closes a second batch of concrete mass, usually as a facing mass formed, which thus also from above into the lattice shape 22 or the cavity formed by the intermediate shaking becomes. Here too, there is a wiping process to remove excess Remove mass. Once that is done, will the displacement body 30 from the opening 26 to the outside extended, as indicated in the end position shown in FIG. 5 is, so that the end face of the displacer 30 with the Inner wall of the partition 28 is aligned. By driving out of the displacement body 30 falls relatively high up on the Lattice form 22 temporary cavity 41 together, so that now the surface of the concrete mass over an essential Length of the shaped block 1 to be formed along the upper edge of the Grid shape 22 extends. However, this surface then kinks obliquely in the direction of the partition wall 28 as shown by the dash-dotted line 42 is indicated in Fig. 8. It understands themselves that the surface in this area of the collapsing Cavity 41 is not completely flat, but depending on the slope conditions, the simplified inclined position occupies. Strictly speaking, it arises after the Cavity 41 forming surface of the concrete mass targeted uneven surface that already surface on the shape the recess 7 and its position on the shaped block 1 is coordinated. It can also be understood from this that the displacement body 30 may not stroke along the drawing plate 24, but in a certain height in the partition 28 just below the location of the recess 7 to be formed on the shaped block 1 got to. It is also possible that the extension movement of the displacement body 30 not immediately to collapse the temporary Cavity 41 leads, but this only at a subsequent Lowering the stamp form 23 collapses.

As can be seen in FIG. 9, the stamp shape 23 is lowered in such a way that that the surface 36 of the stamp 34 is on the surface of the concrete mass and the outline of the stamp 34 penetrates into the outline of the opening 26. Sense of this Settling is the weight of the stamp form 23 on the Allow concrete mass to act. The stamp shape 23 can this purpose in the area of the bearing plate 33 with not shown Additional weights must be provided. Stepping through the weight a certain further compacting effect of the concrete mass on. Finally, there is a shaking process (Finished vibrating), through which the final compaction of the concrete mass to a rough shaped stone that is still within the Opening 26 is, however, already its finished surface shape has, as illustrated by FIGS. 1 to 3 has been.

Immediately after the shaking process has ended, the Connect the molding process. For this purpose the stamp shape 23 slightly raised so that the chambered concrete mass is relieved of pressure. In many cases, this is sufficient for the blank from the partitions 27, 28 and the longitudinal partitions 29 already to solve. This is favored by the taper the longitudinal partitions 29 (Fig. 6). Then the grid shape 22 raised, the stamp form 23 being carried upwards becomes. If a drawing plate 24 is used, this will pulled away before lifting the grid shape 22.

Fig. 9 shows the state of the rough shaped block 43 before the pressure relief through the stamp body 23 and before molding. Man recognizes that the bulge 38 the recess 7 (Fig. 1 to 3) has been molded into the rough shaped block 43 in the opening 26. The rough shaped block 43 has the final shape and is consolidated. After the molding only closes drying or setting of the concrete mass, whereby the external dimensions can hardly be changed. This way and The shaped block 1 is formed.

A slightly different, but particularly advantageous because very This is the way to produce dimensionally stable shaped stones possible that the first batch of concrete mass in the empty opening 26 is introduced while the displacer 30 is still in the extended position. By the subsequent retraction of the displacer 30 in the Opening 26 into the concrete mass in the area of the temporary Cavity 41 moved. The surface bulges of the concrete mass in the opening 26. It includes itself Wiping process. Here, too, there is an intermediate vibration and pre-compressing the first batch of the core mass. Then a second batch of facing mass is put in and it closes a wiping process and extending the displacement body 30 from the opening 26 on. This one too The stamp body 23 is then lowered and the final shaking of the rough shaped stone 43 and its shaping, as described above.

10 shows a plan view of a lattice shape 22 in a schematic division and clarification. It can be seen that a plurality of openings 26 are provided there. The division is made in such a way that four stones 1 and four stones 1 'are accommodated in the lattice shape. Corresponding to the shaped stones 1 and 1 ', openings are provided to form only conical shaped stones 44 and 44', which therefore have no recesses 7 and the height of which does not vary. The shaped blocks 44 and 44 'are inserted between the shaped blocks 1 and 1' and thus between the screw connections 17 on the rails. REFERENCE SIGN LIST 1 Shaped stone 11 Side surface 2nd surface 12th Side surface 3rd length 13 Floor area 4th width 14 height 5 Longitudinal median plane 15 Contact surface 6 web 16 rail 7 Recess 17th Screw connection 8th Sloping surface 18th Tie rod 9 Face 19th Vertical flange 10th Face 20th shape 21 document 31 Double arrow 22 Lattice shape 32 Piston rod 23 Stamp shape 33 Bearing plate 24th Drawing sheet 34 stamp 25th Worktable 35 Double arrow 26 Breakthrough 36 surface 27 partition wall 37 ramp 28 partition wall 38 Bulge 29 Longitudinal partition 39 Sloping surface 30th Displacement body 40 arrow 41 cavity 42 line 43 Rough stone 44 Shaped stone

Claims (10)

Three-part mold (20) for producing a shaped block (1, 1 ') from concrete mass from a flat base (21), a vertical partition (27, 28, 29) and a vertical opening (26) having a grid shape (22) and one Stamp (34) having stamp shape (23) and a laterally through an opening in the vertical partition (28) in the vertical opening (26) of the lattice shape (22) retractable and volume-fixed displacement body (30), characterized in that for producing a Shaped stones (1, 1 ') with at least partially discontinuous cross-sectional shape in all three spatial directions of the displacement body (30) and the opening in the vertical partition wall (28) as high as possible on the lattice shape (22) and as close as possible to that defining the discontinuous cross-sectional shape on the shaped stone Surface of the stamp (34) are arranged. Mold according to Claim 1, characterized in that the vertical opening (26) in the lattice shape (22) is designed to widen conically downwards, and in that the displacement body (30) and the opening in the vertical partition (28) also move downwards expand conically. Mold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the production of a shaped block (1, 1 ') from a core mass and a facing mass the displacement body (30) and the opening in the vertical partition wall (28) at a distance below the upper edge of the Lattice shape (22) are arranged, as is necessary for the introduction of the facing mass, which also extends over the discontinuous cross-sectional profile on the surface of the shaped stone. Mold according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the displacement body (30) has a cross-section which does not hinder the flow of concrete mass. Method for producing a shaped block (1, 1 ') from concrete mass, a three-part form (20) consisting of a flat base (21), a vertical partition wall (27, 28, 29) and a vertical opening (26) having a lattice form (22 ) and a stamp form (23) having a stamp form (23) and a laterally through a perforation in the vertical partition (28) in the vertical opening (26) of the lattice form (22) retractable and volume-fixed displacement body (30) is used by the displacement body (30) is introduced into the vertical opening in the lattice form (22), earth-moist concrete mass is filled into the lattice form (22) by machine, smoothed off and shaken, and a temporary cavity (41) is thus created in the concrete mass, after removal of the displacer (30) from the lattice shape (22), the stamp shape (23) with the stamp (34) is lowered into the lattice shape (22), the surface of which is molded and thus formed e Raw molded block (43) is formed on a base (21), characterized in that for the production of a molded block (1, 1 ') with an at least partially discontinuous cross-sectional shape in all three spatial directions, the displacement body (30) laterally into the vertical opening (26) the empty lattice shape (22) is placed as high as possible and as close as possible below the desired discontinuously three-dimensionally varying surface of the shaped block (1, 1 '). Method for producing a shaped block (1, 1 ') from concrete mass, a three-part form (20) consisting of a flat base (21), a vertical partition wall (27, 28, 29) and a vertical opening (26) having a lattice form (22 ) and a stamp form (23) having a stamp form (23) and a laterally through a perforation in the vertical partition (28) in the vertical opening (26) of the lattice form (22) retractable and volume-fixed displacement body (30) is used by the displacement body (30) is introduced into the vertical opening in the lattice form (22), earth-moist concrete mass is filled into the lattice form (22) by machine, smoothed off and shaken, and a temporary cavity (41) is thus created in the concrete mass, after removal of the displacement body (30) from the lattice shape (22), the stamp shape (23) with the stamp (34) is lowered into the lattice shape (22), the surface of which is molded and which is thus formed e Raw molded block (43) is formed on a base (21), characterized in that, in order to produce a molded block (1, 1 ') with an at least partially discontinuous cross-sectional shape in all three spatial directions, the empty grid mold (22) is first filled with concrete mass, then the Displacement body (30) as high as possible and as close as possible below the desired discontinuously three-dimensionally varying surface of the shaped block (1, 1 ') in the concrete mass in the lattice form (22) and the filled concrete mass is displaced upwards so that excess concrete mass is then wiped off before the displacement body (30) is moved out of the grid shape. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the concrete mass from a first batch of core concrete mass is poured into the lattice mold (22), wiped off, shaken and thus pre-compacted and that a second batch of facing concrete mass is then poured into the lattice form (22), wiped off, shaken and the raw molded block (43) is thus compacted. Method according to claims 5 and 7, characterized in that the displacement body (30) is moved into the empty grid form (22), that the first batch of core concrete mass is then introduced into the grid form (22), wiped off, shaken and thus precompacted, and then the second batch of facing concrete mass is poured into the lattice mold (22) and wiped off, that the displacement body (30) is moved out of the lattice mold (22), and then the stamp mold (23) with the stamp (34) on the surface the concrete mass is set off by weight and the rough molded block (43) is compacted by shaking. Process according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the first batch of core concrete mass is introduced into the lattice mold (22), that the displacement body (30) is then moved into the lattice mold (22) and after the wiping, pre-compaction is carried out by shaking that then the second batch of facing concrete mass is poured into the lattice form (22) and wiped off, that the displacement body (30) is then removed from the lattice form (22), the stamp form (23) with the stamp (34) onto the surface of the concrete mass by weight and the rough shaped block (43) is compacted by shaking. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the shaping of the rough shaped block (43) onto the base (21) by relieving the weight of the rough shaped block (43) in the grid shape (22) and lifting the grid shape (22) relative to the punch shape ( 23) takes place.

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