EP0937169B1 - Machine a laver - Google Patents

Machine a laver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0937169B1
EP0937169B1 EP97911363A EP97911363A EP0937169B1 EP 0937169 B1 EP0937169 B1 EP 0937169B1 EP 97911363 A EP97911363 A EP 97911363A EP 97911363 A EP97911363 A EP 97911363A EP 0937169 B1 EP0937169 B1 EP 0937169B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
perforated container
washing machine
machine according
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97911363A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0937169A1 (fr
Inventor
Barry David Sumner
Martin William Myerscough
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monotub Industries PLC
Original Assignee
Monotub Industries PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9623443.0A external-priority patent/GB9623443D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9713935.6A external-priority patent/GB9713935D0/en
Application filed by Monotub Industries PLC filed Critical Monotub Industries PLC
Publication of EP0937169A1 publication Critical patent/EP0937169A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0937169B1 publication Critical patent/EP0937169B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F23/00—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry 
    • D06F23/06—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry  and rotating or oscillating about an inclined axis
    • D06F23/065—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry  and rotating or oscillating about an inclined axis with a rotatable imperforate tub
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/02—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums
    • D06F37/04—Rotary receptacles, e.g. drums adapted for rotation or oscillation about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/08—Liquid supply or discharge arrangements
    • D06F39/083—Liquid discharge or recirculation arrangements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/42—Safety arrangements, e.g. for stopping rotation of the receptacle upon opening of the casing door

Definitions

  • washing machines include a fixed water tank having a top or front opening.
  • a rotatable drum is provided within the tank, the drum having perforated side walls to allow water from the water tank to enter the drum, and an opening which corresponds generally with the opening in the water tank.
  • the opening of the drum has a diameter smaller than the inside of the drum giving an annular ring around the opening.
  • a door providing a water tight seal closes the openings in the drum and water tank.
  • a user opens the door, thereby giving access to the interior of the drum, and adds items to be washed through this opening into the drum.
  • the door is then closed and the water tank is partially filled with water to commence the washing cycle.
  • the drum is rotated, thereby moving the items in the drum through the water contained in the tank.
  • Agitators are provided in the drum to enhance this movement.
  • the annular ring around the opening in the drum prevents items from passing through the opening and into the water tank itself and prevents them becoming damaged by contact with a fixed door.
  • the water in the water tank is drained away and the drum is rotated at high speed to spin out any excess water.
  • the door is opened and the user reaches into the interior of the drum and removes the items which have been washed individually.
  • a washing machine comprises:
  • the items to be washed are provided within a perforated container having almost the same capacity as the drum. Therefore the capacity of the washing machine is not reduced significantly by the inclusion of the perforated container, and the movement of the items, which is necessary to ensure efficient washing, is not inhibited.
  • the perforations on the perforated container allow the free flow of water between the inside of the drum and the inside of the perforated container, and therefore ensures the items are soaked, washed and rinsed in exactly the same way as if the perforated container were not provided.
  • the removable means for partially closing the front end of the drum is arranged so that in use items to be washed which are contained in the perforated container cannot be dispelled through the front opening of the drum.
  • the axis around which the drum rotates may be a horizontal axis, although it is preferred that the axis is inclined to the horizontal. Where the drum is inclined, water within the drum will remain below the open end of the drum, and therefore there is no need to provide a water tight seal to contain the water.
  • the removable closure means may be an integral part of the perforated container.
  • the closure means may be an end surface of the perforated container which coincides with the open front end of the drum, and in this case may be a surface which extends over substantially the entirety of the opening of the drum.
  • the front end of the perforated container comprises a surface extending over the entire opening of the drum
  • a separate opening is provided in the perforated container to allow items to be added to and removed from the perforated container. This opening may be provided by a hinge extending along the edge of the perforated container parallel to the longitudinal axis of the perforated container.
  • the perforated container can easily be opened out once removed from the drum to allow easy access to the items in the perforated container.
  • the end surface of the perforated container includes an opening through which items to be washed can be added or removed from the perforated container, and in this case the end surface of the perforated container does not extend over the entirety of the opening of the drum, but gives only a partial closure. This allows items to be added to and removed from the perforated container when this is provided within the drum of the washing machine, and in particular allows items to be added and removed during the washing cycle.
  • the opening in the end of the perforated container is a generally central opening, thereby giving an annular cover which extends around the side of the opening in the front of the drum. This is advantageous as any items being washed which may approach the front end of the drum during washing will be close to the side of the drum due to the rotation of the drum.
  • the removable means may be in the form of a separate cover which is provided to close the end of the drum.
  • This cover can be provided either on the drum itself, or on the perforated container, in which case the cover will rotate with the drum.
  • the cover may be hinged to the drum or perforated container.
  • the drum is preferably generally cylindrical, the drum advantageously has a slightly larger diameter at its rear end than at its front opening end. With this arrangement, when the drum is rotated at high speed to spin water, the water will be forced towards the back of the drum where it may be collected easily.
  • the drum may have solid side walls, or the side walls may be apertured so the drum has a frame like appearance.
  • the perforated container is of a resilient material so that the perforated container retains its shape.
  • the perforated container is preferably generally cylindrical, but advantageously is slightly tapered with the closed rear end having a smaller diameter than the front end. This slightly frusto-conical shape facilitates easy positioning of the perforated container in and removal from the drum.
  • the perforated container includes projections projecting radially inwardly of the perforated container.
  • projections or agitators, lifts the items in the perforated container as it is rotated.
  • the drum can have smooth side walls to allow easy insertion and removal of the perforated container, however the raised projections on the inside of the perforated container act to provide sufficient agitation to the clothes during the washing cycle to clean the clothes efficiently.
  • the perforated container is made from a resilient material, as the drum rotates, centrifugal force will cause the perforated container to flex outwardly into contact with the inside of the drum thereby holding the perforated container in place.
  • the perforated container may be held in place by other fixing means, for example a bayonet fitting or snap fitting.
  • Water may be removed by centrifugal force during a spinning operation forcing the water to the outside of the drum where it is collected and removed, for example through an outlet point mounted on a fixed arm within the rotatable drum.
  • holes may be provided on the back surface of the drum at a height below the front end of the drum so that water is discharged through the holes.
  • collectors may be provided on the back of the drum which collect and lift water as the drum rotates to discharge the water through an outlet provided on the back of the drum.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view taken through the axis of a generally cylindrical drum of a washing machine according to the present invention.
  • the cylindrical drum includes side walls 1 and a circular back end wall 7 defining a drum with an open front 8.
  • the drum is mounted on an axial spindle 2 for rotation about its axis which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of about 20°.
  • the back surface 7 of the drum includes a plurality of outlet holes 5. The lowest outlet hole 5 is below the height of the lip of the open front 8.
  • the drum also includes a removable perforated container 3 which is positionable within the drum through the front opening 8 of the drum, and which is removable through the front opening 8.
  • the perforated container 3 is shaped and dimensioned to closely correspond to the internal walls of the drum so the internal volume of the perforated container 3 is only slightly smaller than that of the drum.
  • the perforated container 3 is generally tapered so that the front end including the opening has a larger diameter than the rear closed end. This assists in the insertion of the perforated container 3 into the drum.
  • the perforated container 3 has perforations through which water in the drum can pass into the perforated container 3, and through which water in the perforated container 3 can drain into the drum.
  • the performations are in the form of elongate slits having a width of about 2mm and a spacing of about 2cm.
  • the perforated container 3 is held within the drum in such a way that the perforated container 3 rotates with the drum. This is achieved by a projection 9 provided on the drum which engages with a recess 10 on the perforated container 3.
  • the projection 9 and recess 10 are provided axially, the projection 9 and recess 10 have a non-circular shape to transmit the rotation of the drum to the perforated container 3.
  • the projection 9 and recess 10 may be provided non-axially, and in this case the projection 9 and recess 10 can have any desired shape.
  • the projection may be provided on the perforated container 3 and the recess on the drum, or, where there is more than one projection and recess, a mixture of recesses and projections may be provided on both the drum and the perforated container 3.
  • the open end of the perforated container 3 includes an annular ring 4 giving a reduced diameter opening to the perforated container 3.
  • the ring 4 ensures that clothes do not fall out of the perforated container 3 during the washing cycle.
  • the perforated container 3 includes a hinged portion extending along the side of the perforated container 3 generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the perforated container 3.
  • the perforated container 3 also includes a clasp to hold the perforated container 3 in its generally cylindrical shape. In this way, a clasp may be undone and the perforated container opened about the hinge to allow easy access to the contents of the perforated container.
  • the perforated container includes a completely closed front end, and an opening 25 in the side wall.
  • the side wall corresponds closely with the inside of the drum, items contained within the perforated container are not able to fall from the perforated container through the opening into the drum.
  • items to be washed are added to the perforated container through the opening 25 before the perforated container is placed in the drum.
  • the perforated container is lifted into the drum, effectively closing the perforated container so all the items to be washed are maintained within the perforated container. With this arrangement, it is not possible to add items after the washing cycle has begun.
  • a shroud 6, inclined to the horizontal by the same angle as the drum is provided to a vertical front opening of the machine.
  • the opening of the machine is closed by a door 11. This closure does not form a watertight seal but acts merely to prevent splashes during the washing cycle.
  • clothes are placed into the perforated container 3, either before the filled perforated container 3 is put in the cylindrical drum through the front opening 8, or when the perforated container 3 has been positioned in the drum.
  • Water which may include washing detergent is introduced to the drum through the spindle 2. The water enters the perforated container 3 through the perforations in the perforated container to wet the clothes.
  • the drum When the water and clothes are in the perforated container 3 within the cylindrical drum, the drum is rotated about its inclined axis, thereby agitating the clothes in the water to wash them. Due to the inclination of the drum, water passes through the holes 5.
  • the rear 7 of the drum is positioned within a recess of a water collector 12. As water is discharged through the holes 5 in the back of the drum, this will be collected in the water collector 12, and will fall, under gravity, to the bottom of the water collector to be dispensed through the outlet 13.
  • the rate at which the water is discharged from the drum is such that there is no need to provide a hermatic seal between the edge of the collector 12 and the outside of the drum.
  • the water may be recirculated, and may pass through a heater (not shown) to reheat the water, before being reintroduced to the drum through the inlet 2. This ensures that the water within the drum is maintained at the required temperature.
  • the water from the outlet 13 is not recirculated, but is merely dispensed down a drain.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a water volume detector which is provided in the recirculation path to determine the volume of the free water in the drum.
  • the volume of water in the tank can be determined by measuring the pressure difference in part of the recycling circuit.
  • the water in the fixed tank is pumped from the tank, around a recycling path and back into the fixed tank.
  • a pressure sensor provided between the tank and the pump detects the pressure due to the height of water in the tank, and from this the volume of water can be calculated from the measured pressure.
  • the pressure in the drum is at atmospheric pressure as the drum is not perfectly sealed. Where the water tank is a rotating tank, this system cannot be used unless the outlet is provided at a fixed point below the surface of the water. As previously described this is difficult.
  • a system is provided to ensure that sufficient water is added to the drum to saturate the items to be washed completely.
  • Water from an external source is added to a secondary chamber 14 which is open to the atmosphere.
  • the water is pumped from the secondary chamber 14 into the main drum.
  • Water discharged from the drum is introduced into the secondary chamber 14.
  • a pressure detector 15 is provided between the secondary chamber 14 and the pump 16, and by measuring the pressure it is possible to determine the volume of water in the chamber 14.
  • the secondary chamber 14 is open to the atmosphere, so the detected pressure is purely due to the head of water in the secondary chamber 14. If the secondary chamber 14 were closed, the pressure in the tank may vary as the volume of water compresses the air in the tank.
  • the water entering the secondary chamber 14 from the external source is pumped into the drum and is absorbed by items in the drum. No or little water will be discharged from the drum. When the items in the drum are completely saturated, additional water will be discharged from the drum into the secondary chamber 14. This additional water will change the rate of change of the volume of water in the secondary chamber 14, or the water in the secondary chamber will reach a predetermined volume. This is detected by the pressure sensor. When it is determined that sufficient water has been provided to the drum, the external supply can be cut off.
  • collectors 18 are provided at the back of the drum. These collectors 18 are best seen in the axial view of Figure 6, in which the perforated container has been removed for clarity.
  • the collectors 46 are provided in the form of arms on the rear surface 7 of the drum. Due to the inclination of the drum, the water in the drum will fall, under gravity, to the back of the drum. Anti-clockwise rotation of the drum, when viewed from the front end 8 causes this water to be scooped up by the collectors 18. The continuing rotation of the drum causes the arms 18 to lift the water collected, and directs the collected lifted water through the outlet holes 5. Accordingly, by continually rotating the drum in an anti-clockwise direction, the water within the drum is expelled through the back 7 of the drum through the holes 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a further alternative arrangement in which the arms 18' are shaped so that water is collect and expelled when the drum rotates in either direction.
  • the rear of the drum 7 may be provided with two annular rings 20 and 21 defining a channel 22 containing the outlet orifices 5.
  • the housing of the washing machine similarly includes two annular walls 23, 24 to define a groove 25, the width of the groove 25 being such that the walls 20 and 21 on the back of the drum 7 may be provided within the groove 25.
  • the groove 25 includes a single outlet 26, although additional outlets may be provided. With this arrangement, the drum is free to rotate, yet as water is dispensed through the dispensing orifices 5 it is constrained by the grooves 22 and 25 and directed to the single fixed outlet 26.
  • the drum or perforated container 3 may be provided with agitators to lift the clothes within the drum.
  • agitators are in the form of a projection 30 which extends from the back of the drum 7 circumferentially around the drum and towards the front of the drum and return to the back of the drum.
  • the base of the agitator 30 is generally triangular in cross-section, having a maximum height from the side walls 1 near the base 7 of the drum, and a minimum height near the front 8 of the drum.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the agitator 30 may be other than triangular.
  • the agitator 30 has rounded apexes to prevent damage to the clothes.
  • the perforated container 3 is provided with corresponding agitators. In this case the agitators act to hold the perforated container within the drum to prevent relative rotational movement of the drum and perforated container 3 during the washing cycle.
  • two or more agitators may be included.
  • the agitator 30 includes components extending towards the front of the drum in both a clockwise and anti-clockwise circumferential direction, on rotation of the drum, articles within the drum are lifted and drawn towards the front of the drum upon rotation of the drum in either direction.

Claims (12)

  1. Une machine à laver comportant :
    un tambour (1) monté à rotation autour d'un axe, et comprenant une extrémité frontale globalement ouverte (8) ; et
    un moyen amovible (11) pour fermer au moins partiellement l'ouverture frontale (8) du tambour (1), est caractérisée en ce que la machine comporte en outre :
       un conteneur perforé (3) configuré de manière à être placé à l'intérieur du tambour (1), la surface extérieure du conteneur perforé (3) correspondant étroitement à la surface intérieure du tambour (1), le conteneur perforé (3) ayant un volume interne substantiellement égal à celui du tambour (1), et étant amovible au travers de l'ouverture frontale (8) du tambour (1).
  2. Une machine à laver selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'axe autour duquel tourne le tambour (1) est incliné par rapport à l'horizontale.
  3. Une machine à laver selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le moyen amovible de fermeture (4) fait partie intégrante du conteneur perforé (3).
  4. Une machine à laver selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le moyen amovible de fermeture (4) est une surface qui s'étend sur substantiellement la totalité de l'ouverture (8) du tambour (1).
  5. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conteneur perforé (3) comprend une charnière s'étendant le long du bord du conteneur perforé (3) parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du conteneur perforé (3) pour permettre l'ouverture du conteneur perforé (3) après qu'il ait été retiré du tambour (1).
  6. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la surface d'extrémité (4) du conteneur perforé (3) comprend une ouverture au travers de laquelle des articles à laver peuvent être ajoutés ou retirés du conteneur perforé (3).
  7. Une machine à laver selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle l'ouverture dans l'extrémité du conteneur perforé (3) est une ouverture globalement centrale.
  8. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le moyen amovible de fermeture comprend un couvercle distinct qui est prévu pour fermer l'extrémité (8) du tambour (1).
  9. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conteneur perforé (3) est réalisé en un matériau élastique de manière que le conteneur perforé (3) garde sa forme.
  10. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conteneur perforé (3) est légèrement conique, avec l'extrémité arrière fermée présentant un diamètre inférieur à l'extrémité frontale.
  11. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conteneur perforé (3) comprend des saillies (30) faisant saillie radialement vers l'intérieur du conteneur perforé (3) et qui, à l'utilisation, soulèvent les articles contenus dans le conteneur perforé (3) en rotation.
  12. Une machine à laver selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le conteneur perforé (3) est retenu en place par une saillie (9) prévue sur l'un du conteneur perforé (3) et du tambour(1), et un évidement (10) formé sur l'autre du conteneur perforé (3) et du tambour (1).
EP97911363A 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Machine a laver Expired - Lifetime EP0937169B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9623443.0A GB9623443D0 (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Washing machine
GB9623443 1996-11-08
GBGB9713935.6A GB9713935D0 (en) 1997-07-01 1997-07-01 Washing machine
GB9713935 1997-07-01
PCT/GB1997/003072 WO1998021393A1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Machine a laver

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0937169A1 EP0937169A1 (fr) 1999-08-25
EP0937169B1 true EP0937169B1 (fr) 2001-10-17

Family

ID=26310378

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97911363A Expired - Lifetime EP0937169B1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Machine a laver
EP97911370A Expired - Lifetime EP0937167B1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Machine a laver

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97911370A Expired - Lifetime EP0937167B1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Machine a laver

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0937169B1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE218639T1 (fr)
AU (4) AU733360B2 (fr)
BR (2) BR9714309A (fr)
CA (2) CA2271702C (fr)
DE (2) DE69713129T2 (fr)
ES (2) ES2166070T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2332000B (fr)
NZ (2) NZ335348A (fr)
WO (4) WO1998021394A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9908020D0 (en) * 1999-04-08 1999-06-02 Monotub Plc Washing machine
FR2914655B1 (fr) * 2007-04-06 2009-05-22 David Espic Automate de traitement de linge

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637186A (en) * 1947-09-20 1953-05-05 Easy Washing Machine Corp Laundry machine
DE839786C (de) * 1949-09-24 1952-04-17 Wildersbach Henri Borzer (Frankreich) Wäschezentrifuge
DE1017128B (de) * 1955-03-23 1957-10-10 Erich Sulzmann Waschanlage zum Waschen und Spuelen von textilen Flaechengebilden, insbesondere Waesche
GB782145A (en) * 1955-09-07 1957-09-04 Erich Sulzmann Improvements in or relating to a device for washing and rinsing textile articles
FR1472650A (fr) * 1966-03-26 1967-03-10 Appareil ménager à tambour tournant, notamment machine à laver
DE4202760A1 (de) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-05 Gisela Stoll Waschvollautomat mit fliegender oder doppelseitig waagerecht gelagerter waschtrommel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2271701C (fr) 2004-10-19
CA2271702A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
EP0937167B1 (fr) 2002-06-05
AU4955597A (en) 1998-06-03
EP0937167A1 (fr) 1999-08-25
CA2271702C (fr) 2005-06-07
NZ335347A (en) 2000-05-26
AU4877797A (en) 1998-06-03
EP0937169A1 (fr) 1999-08-25
AU733312B2 (en) 2001-05-10
BR9714311A (pt) 2000-05-02
CA2271701A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
WO1998021392A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
DE69707489T2 (de) 2002-05-23
AU4878197A (en) 1998-06-03
DE69713129T2 (de) 2002-11-07
WO1998021394A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
DE69713129D1 (de) 2002-07-11
GB2332000A (en) 1999-06-09
GB9902885D0 (en) 1999-03-31
AU733360B2 (en) 2001-05-10
BR9714309A (pt) 2000-05-02
DE69707489D1 (de) 2001-11-22
ES2174233T3 (es) 2002-11-01
ATE218639T1 (de) 2002-06-15
NZ335348A (en) 2000-11-24
GB2332000B (en) 2001-01-03
AU4877497A (en) 1998-06-03
WO1998021393A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
ATE207149T1 (de) 2001-11-15
ES2166070T3 (es) 2002-04-01
WO1998021391A1 (fr) 1998-05-22

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