EP0933175B1 - Method for manufacturing components, wooden beams made from said components and a production line for mechanical working of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The method manufactures quarters (14) for beams (16) with holes (17) from wet outer round timber segments (12). The outer segment cross sections are used for two quarters, with relatively asymmetrical joint glue faces (1-4), and asymmetric dimensions (5-8), with two of the joint faces (3,4) being of different heights. Processing of the sloping faces (9,10) takes place later, or after drying the quarters. The machining line has circular saw stations for guide slot sawing, joint face sawing, cutting-out sawing, and slanting face sawing. All stations, except for the slot saw, are positioned above the workpiece movement plane.

Description

Invention:

Process for producing individual parts (14) and wooden beams (16), from these Individual parts manufactured; and production line (Fig. 11) for mechanical processing.

Description:

The invention relates to a method by which the described under "prior art" serious disadvantages are eliminated; and that of the invention underlying procedure offers the solutions for optimal yield and the implementation of all important aspects for the physical area.

The invention meets the demand for optimal yield. In the so-called WET AREA are on the round timber outer segments (12) - after the previous one Measurement (R) - only three machining operations lying on one level (1/2/11) depending on the joint glue surfaces (1/2/3/4). The individual cross-sectional height uses for the glue area are retained in order then optimal in a further work step (and mostly different for right and left, s. 3 and 4) to use the actually possible log areas (13).

The placement of the separating cut (11) and that of the outer width machining (1 and 2) are coordinated with one another in the procedure according to the invention; losses due to incorrectly separated round timber outer segments do not take place; and it is above all possible with this procedure, which differs from the market to meet the required beam cross-sections (W x H), because these require for the most varied beam H dimensions often off-center and on the outside width machining (1 and 2) orienting separating cuts (11). With the invention Procedure can do this without loss of yield and quality and without Rejects due to incorrect glue area widths are met.

Of course, it is also possible to do all machining (1/2/11/3/4/9/10) in one complex center (Fig. 7), but also the principle applies that the processing levels (1/2/11) the optimal height processing (for 3/4 for B0.5) and the logs on the left and right independently of each other (13) can be used. The basis for the procedure according to the invention is asymmetry. With the new method according to the invention achieved the optimal cross-sectional area yield.

When the oblique processing (9/10) is carried out is in itself irrelevant. It is also irrelevant to the procedure according to the invention whether the different Surfaces are machined parallel or conically to each other (Fig. 2).

The procedure and processing according to the invention such that only Quarter pieces (14) go into the drying process or out of the drying process come (Fig. 5), also solves the physical relationships in the drying process problems arising from stress / shrinkage / deformation / Cracks. The deformations resulting from the tangential shrinkage lead in the characteristic shapes of quarter pieces (Fig. 8 - a) in the drying process not to cracking. Affect the tangential stresses / shrinkages the two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other (Fig. 8 - a) in a predictable manner (Fig. 8 - z), and thus increases because of absolutely crack-free Drying not only the quality, but also the yield because of the additions (Fig. 8 - z) are calculable and limited to a corresponding minimum can be.

The procedure according to the invention (the asymmetrical use) also leads to that an advantageous annual ring structure (Fig. 3 and 10) is achieved (in referred to as "standing" with respect to the beam cross section H). The maximum possible The effect is achieved with the first processing of the round timber outer segment (12) by the outer width machining applied to the upper joining surface machining (3 and 4) (1 and 2 with inclusion 11), making left and in height on the right independently of each other wood geometries are left, which then the creation the processing areas in the possible vicinity of the round timber outer areas (13) enable, and thereby the tree rings (Fig. 3 and 10) the trend after running in or out on two surfaces at right angles to each other and only lead to small parts of disadvantageous structures (15 a).

With the new, inventive and including the asymmetry as a basis The process is of optimal quality (no drying cracks and always that advantageous tree ring structures) with maximum yield.

The complex asymmetrical machining in one line (FIG. 11) ensures production costs are reduced; however, it also requires the configuration of a new type MACHINING LINE based on circular saws. These tasks are accomplished according to the invention solved as follows:

Instead of the known chain and plate belt or roller feeds for the alignment-oriented implementation of the reference point (Fig. 12 - R) and for alignment of the workpiece in alignment with the center line 22 - 23 - 24 two rotating chain strands (30) with workpiece feeders (31) are used. In conjunction with the UNDERCUT (28) and the SIMULTANEOUS SAWS (28) - In which no machine parts are arranged below the saw stations are - the concept according to the invention also leads to the important options of free falling (34) of the remnants / splinters (34).

An essential point for the asymmetrical, complex use of the log cross-section (12) is the conversion of the measurement data into a accordingly aligned insertion position. This is according to the invention solved that the reference point or the reference line (R) with 22 - 23 - 24 in accordance is to be brought; thus a reference to the line which is the important height use to 18/20 and 19/21 (Fig. 12). The positions of the points 18/20 and 19/21 (Fig. 12) are derived from the permissible hole size, which in the DIBt APPROVAL is fixed at B 0.4 and H0.45.

The conical surfaces (32 and 33) are created with the high feed rates allowing circular saws only possible in connection with the inventive Circular saw alignments (35 - Fig. 13) including the deflection wedges (36).

State of the art

The procedures according to EP 0 388 507 are known and are practiced and EP 0 518 246, namely:

The round timber outer segments become "all around" symmetrical when wet processed, and these wooden parts / cross-sections, which are two equally high quarters contain, then come (also with the introduction of relaxation slots) in the drying. With these patented methods, the Quarter-piece shapes are only created after separating cuts after drying. This The method has decisive disadvantages, both economically (yield) and in terms of quality (right figures Fig. 8 and Fig. 10).

Round wood outer surfaces are now misshapen, and consequently the round wood outer segments can only be used symmetrically in the rarest of cases. The possibilities the right and left quarter piece placement are different in practice, and the currently practiced continuous (not graded) surface processing leads (as in Fig. 3- right cross section) in almost all cases of wood loss.

The further with the current methods (= round timber outer segments "all around" Shape symmetrically, then dry, and then cut the quarter pieces with separating cuts produce) resulting drying damage and the non-definable so-called cross-sectional keyings and cracks (Fig. 8) are considerable and lead to loss of yield and quality. The drying slits introduced only work to a limited extent; there are usually "drying cracks in the extension of the relaxation slots".

Furthermore, the currently practiced method leads to the symmetrical all-round machining in one of the two quarters (i.e. 50% of production) due to the lack of use of the outer tree rings (in the outer area of the logs) -13, p. also Fig. 3- right figure) the loss of favorable tree ring structures result, and thus the route of the unfavorable annual ring course (15 b) enlarged.

The run-in / run-in of many annual rings on two parallel surfaces (7/8 to 3/4) leads to loss of resilience in the event of deflections above the H values, what about the changes associated with the new e-standards (introduction machine-tested classes) will be of great importance in the future.

In the publication 0 518 246 from 16.12.92 a separation of the Trunk outer segments disclosed (not patented), however, no width processing is done (1/2) for creating the joint glue surfaces and no separation (5/6 or 11) included depending on the upper processing of the joining glue surfaces (3/4), and even in 0 518 246 it was not at all the "graded-asymmetrical" External segment use intended to achieve favorable tree ring structures.

The off-center separation in connection with symmetrical "all-round machining", mentioned in 0 518 246 is also contradictory and not practical, because two of the same height, but unevenly wide due to the eccentric separation Quarter pieces in the symmetrical preprocessing necessarily wrong glue surface widths exhibit.

The wooden beam (16) with a central hole (17) is an absolute in itself Quality product, but it is not with the currently known methods - or only with great restrictions - feasible. Just three points from 0 388 507 and 0 518 246 have proven their worth, namely: core area-free beam corners / none Tree rings (eg "arched" on 7 or 8) tapering / and defined on only one surface Hole size with symmetrical processing and central separation.

Regarding the PROCESS of the raw material shaping, it should also be noted that for the production of single parts / quarter pieces for the cross beams known in the market - also called heartwood beams - complex, asymmetrical round timber outer segment uses are neither practiced anywhere, nor in any documents / prior publications (except in 198 01 924.6 and 198 03 861.5) are mentioned.

MACHINING LINES (Fig. 11) are known in many different ways, but there is no MACHINING LINE with which 6 to 12 differently sized round timber outer segments per minute with the high feed rate of approx. 120 m / min necessary for 6 to 12 pieces. (high cutting performance due to loss of time due to alignment / START) would have to be processed without knocking out.

Although EP 0 518 246 discloses in a sketch processing in one machine run, but this is clearly shown as a PROCESSING CENTER with milling, planing or chipping heads, which (in practice at high Feeds confirmed) branch tears to a degree cause the quarter pieces sometimes become unusable.

The wooden beams (16) created by "turning" the quarter pieces Hole (17), in addition to many advantages, has an enormously favorable side effect in that that the branches (37) - because they are getting bigger and bigger towards the inside of the beam (ie contrary to nature) - do not separate outwards (do not "fall out") can). However, because the single piece surfaces when machining with milling, Planer heads or chip heads are already "knots damaged" (pull out), this goes favorable side effect lost due to the lack of suitable circular saw lines.

The drawing notes show in detail:

Fig. 1

indicated as a cross-section, a round timber outer segment (12) with placed, asymmetrical use (by 1 to 11) and incorporating what is referred to as a round timber outer region (13); as well as graphically represented a wooden beam (16) with a hole (17) and knot characteristics, created for H on B from quarter pieces (14) -

Fig. 2

Cross sections / top views / side views of asymmetrically used round timber outer segments (12), shown on the left for PARALLEL processing and on the right for CONICAL processing -

Figure 3

in the left cross-sectional hint the asymmetrical round timber outer segment assignment (12), among other things with the differently high quarter piece surfaces (3 and 4),
and in the mean cross-sectional hint, among other things, the inclusion of the round timber outer area (13) and the resulting favorable tree ring structure (15 a)
as well as in the right cross-sectional hint the resulting bad tree ring structure (15 b) with symmetrical use and non-occupancy of the round timber outer area (13), which leads to tree ring courses running in and out in parallel areas (from 7/8 to 3/4); and in addition, the outlined round timber segment geometries (shapes "from practice") result in a loss of yield of more than 10% in the symmetrical uses compared to the asymmetrical assignment -

Fig. 4

Logs, how they are cut open -

Fig. 5

the round timber outer segments resulting from the logs for the wooden beams (12)
as well as a graphic indication of the measurement (R)
and the first processing phase 1/11/2 in the still wet wood condition of the round timber outer segments (12) -

Fig. 6

in the first vertical row, cross-sections of round timber outer segments (12) with the indication of different machining placements (1/11/2) and differently high quarter-piece segments (3/4),
in the second vertical row the forms (after 1/11/2), and in the third vertical row the quarters to be dried -

Fig. 7

Outline of how complex processing can be carried out in a center -

Fig. 8

left cross section a "crack-free" quarter piece (14) after drying with sketching of the additions (z), right cross section according to the methods EP 0 388 507 and EP 0 518 246 (undefined cross section keying - z -, torn, and yield losses due to non-use of the Round log outer areas (13) -

Fig. 9

finished beams (4)

Fig. 10

the graphic on the left shows a reference to optimal yield for quarter pieces (14) with optimal tree ring structures (15 a),
the graphic on the right shows methods of EP 0 388 507 and EP 0 518 246 with poor yield due to non-use of the outer log area (13) and for the same reason with poor tree ring structure (15 b).

Fig. 11

Schematic representation of the sequence in the processing line with the beginning of the incoming round timber outer segments (12) before the measurement (29) "until delivery" of the quarter pieces (14) after the bevel sawing (9/10) in station 27 -

Fig. 12

Cross-section and top views in relation to the sequence within the processing line, and in the cross-section sketched below the important points (18 to 21) resulting from the measurement (29) as well as the reference point determining the alignment / insertion or the reference line R for the separating cut 11 (24) -

Fig. 13

above a cross section with an indication of the taper slope (33) from the last processing station (27), and
Including schematic plan views of the alignment adjustment (35) of sawing stations to the taper slope (32 or 33) and the deflecting wedge (36) downstream of the circular saw blade stations (25 to 27).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Add-adhesive surface

2

Add-adhesive surface

3

Add-adhesive surface

4

Add-adhesive surface

5

Area for B 0, 5

6

Area for B0.5

7

Area for H0.5

8th

Area for H0.5

9

sloping surface

10

sloping surface

11

separating cut

12

Round timber outer segment

13

Round timber outdoors

14

quarter piece

15

Year ring structures (long distance unfavorable)

16

beamed

17

Hole in wooden beams

R

Reference point / line from the survey

18

important measurement point

19

important measurement point

20

important measurement point

21

important measurement point

22

slitting saw (for guide ruler)

23

guide rule

24

crosscut (possibly also as a band saw)

25

two sawing stations

26

sawing station

27

Saw station (possibly with with milling cutter head)

28

BELOW AVERAGE SYSTEM

28

TRACKING SYSTEM SAWS

29

measurement

30

two revolving chain falls

31

Werkstückvorschieber

e

End of two chain falls

32

Konizitätssteigung

33

Konizitätssteigung

34

free waste of Remnants / Spreißeln

35

Sawing station Customizable taper

36

rejection wedge

37

Branch shapes in cross-section

Claims (8)

1. Process for the production of component parts / quarter pieces (14) from "wet" round timber outer segments (12) by machining faces laid conically or parallel to one another and coordinating all faces (1 to 10) after previous measurement (29) of the outer segments and machining of the quarter pieces (14), in particular the glued faces (3/5 and 4/6) after drying to glue the individual pieces to form beams (16) with a hole (17), characterised in that round timber outer segment cross-sections (12) are used for the two quarter pieces (14) with jointed glued faces (1 to 4) located asymmetrically to one another and also with symmetrically set dimensions (5 to 8) and the faces (3 and 4) are laid at different heights (5 and 6).
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the machining of the inclined faces (9 and 10) is conducted subsequently or after drying the quarter pieces.
3. Process according to Claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the production of the quarter pieces (14) occurs both via machine lines and via machining CENTRES.
4. Machining line for machining using the process according to Claim 1 and 2 fitted with guide, stop or upper and side pressing elements, which is equipped with circular saw stations for sawing guide slots (22) / sawing jointed faces (25) / cut-off sawing (24) /sawing jointed faces (26) / and for sawing inclined faces (27), and in which all the stations, apart from the slot saw, are disposed above the passing workpieces and operate in UNDERCUT mode (28) and DOWNCUT SAWING mode (28); and also machining line with forward feeds, the elements of which also serve as a reference for path-time controls of all the axes of the machining stations; and also including a measurement means (29), disposed upstream of the line, of the round timber outer segment cross-sections (12), characterised in that two circulating chain strands (30) run with the workpiece forward feeds (31) continuously to the left and right of the slot saw (21), the guide arm (23) and the cut-off saw (24) and continuously work beyond the cut-off saw (E), and no machine parts disposed below the UNDERCUT / DOWNCUT SYSTEM hinder the free fall of the residual pieces / chippings (34).
5. Machining line according to Claim 4, characterised in that before insertion of the round timber outer segment (12) in front of the machining line (Figure 11), upon alignment and insertion of the round timber outer segment (12) the reference point or reference line (R) from the measurement means is consistent with the alignment (22 to 24), and all other measurement points (18 to 21) enter into the axis controls of the stations (25 - 26 - 27).
6. Machining line according to one of Claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the arranged stations (25 to 27) are continuously adjusted in width during the workpiece passage time and produce cutting faces laid conically to the feed direction such that on the quarter piece (14) the faces have a rate of taper (32) of about 4 to 6 mm per m and in the case of the inclined face a slope (33) of about 2 to 5 mm per m is present.
7. Machining line according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the circular saw blade alignments of the stations (25 to 27) are adaptable (35) to the rates of taper (32 and 33) and wedge-type deflectors (36) are disposed behind the circular saw blades.
8. Machining line according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that a RIBBON SAW is used instead of the circular saw station for cutting off (24) and cutter or blade heads are used instead of the circular saws (27) for the inclined faces (9/10).

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