EP0932944B1 - Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer station und mit einer antwortschaltung - Google Patents

Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer station und mit einer antwortschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0932944B1
EP0932944B1 EP97909195A EP97909195A EP0932944B1 EP 0932944 B1 EP0932944 B1 EP 0932944B1 EP 97909195 A EP97909195 A EP 97909195A EP 97909195 A EP97909195 A EP 97909195A EP 0932944 B1 EP0932944 B1 EP 0932944B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modulation
phase
signal
amplitude
modulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97909195A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0932944A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Reiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Infineon Technologies AG
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Infineon Technologies AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Infineon Technologies AG filed Critical Infineon Technologies AG
Publication of EP0932944A1 publication Critical patent/EP0932944A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H04B5/266—One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data transmission circuit a station and with a response circuit, the Station a primary coil with a signal generator for Generation of an alternating magnetic field with a carrier frequency and an amplitude demodulator, the Response circuit a secondary coil and an amplitude modulator for influencing the load of the secondary coil and wherein the amplitude modulator is designed that the alternating magnetic field can be modulated with a data signal is.
  • the generic data transmission circuits are especially with SPR systems (Simultaneous Powering and Reading) with inductive transmission of energy and data applied.
  • SPR systems Simultaneous Powering and Reading
  • Such SPR systems are also used in applications in use with contactless chip cards.
  • the station's signal generator generates a periodic signal on the primary coil, which is reflected in the Range an alternating inductive field or alternating magnetic field trains that in an area around the primary coil as a so-called "near field” works.
  • an alternating inductive field or alternating magnetic field trains that in an area around the primary coil as a so-called "near field” works.
  • one of the primary coil is outgoing electromagnetic wave in the near field of the primary coil the purely inductive effect of signal coming from the primary coil in the foreground.
  • a response circuit can be brought in, which derives its operating energy particularly from the Alternating magnetic field relates.
  • the answer circuit is included a secondary coil in which the alternating magnetic field induced an AC voltage. These induced AC voltage is in the response circuit rectified, smoothed and a data signal generating block fed.
  • the data signal generation block is included one arranged in particular in the area of the secondary coil Amplitude modulator in such a way that this in Dependency of one generated from the data signal generation block Data signal can change the load on the secondary coil.
  • the amplitude modulator train as a variable resistive load, whereby the resistance load of the secondary coil suitably is changed according to the data signal.
  • Such Changing the resistance load of the secondary coil has Consequence that the electrical properties of the Change primary coil on the station side, since between Primary coil and secondary coil an inductive coupling consists.
  • the coupling factor of this inductive coupling is usually between one percent and five percent.
  • the amplitude demodulator probes on the side of the primary coil that changes with the data signal at which Primary coil drops voltage and reconstructs from it the data signal.
  • GB-A-2 232 851 shows a loosely coupled one Transformer via which a measuring circuit e.g. on one moving part of a vehicle is powered.
  • the Transformer is switched by the measuring electronics via a switch loaded with a frequency, the integer Multiple is the energy supply frequency.
  • This periodic Load is phase modulated when the level of a binary Changes data signal, which is transmitted by the measuring circuit.
  • the modulated signal is returned to the primary side of the Transformers transferred and for data acquisition by the Multiplication with a periodic signal demodulated.
  • the response circuit also has a phase modulator Influencing the electrical properties of the secondary coil on, wherein the amplitude modulator and / or the Phase modulator are designed so that this or these in particular by at least one modulation signal are controllable.
  • the object of the invention is based on the essential to the invention Realization that especially in mass production a response circuit based on the manufacturing tolerances the primary circuit with the primary coil and the Secondary circuit can be out of tune with the secondary coil. For certain, especially the distance between the secondary coil and primary coil dependent coupling factors does this this means that the receiving voltage in the primary coil is no longer modulated according to a pure amplitude modulation becomes. Rather, the receive voltage in the primary coil under certain conditions according to a phase modulation modulated. There is only one amplitude demodulator on the station side is provided, this can be phase-modulated No longer demodulate what is known as a signal Zero in the demodulation of the received signal manifests.
  • the answer circuit according to the main claim 1 By designing the answer circuit according to the main claim 1 is achieved that the alternating magnetic field of both Amplitude modulation as well as phase modulation is underneath. Suitable activation or Deactivating the amplitude modulator and / or the phase modulator achieved that the two modulations for example with respect to the modulation signal by 90 ° are offset. If the two modulations then regarding the strength can be carried out appropriately so that it approximately equal sidebands in terms of amplitude generate, then with a suitable displacement of Amplitude and phase modulation a cancellation of a Preserved sideband of the modulation. As a result, amplitude modulation regardless of manufacturing tolerances and varying intervals of response circuit and station so-called "modulation zeros" avoided.
  • both an amplitude modulator and - according to claim 2 - a phase demodulator the signal at any time demodulate since the modulation of the magnetic alternating field according to the invention only to phase differences of the receiving data signal leads with suitable coding do not interfere with the data signal.
  • the amplitude modulator is parallel to Secondary coil switchable resistance is formed.
  • the phase modulator can be considered parallel capacitor that can be connected to the secondary coil, wherein the capacitor acts as a phase shift capacitor Has.
  • the invention is also in a further development of Response circuit with an intermediate modulation device for Modulating the data signal with a subcarrier signal provided, the frequency of the subcarrier signal in particular different from the frequency of the carrier signal or the alternating magnetic field.
  • the subcarrier signal is can advantageously be obtained from the carrier signal by using a frequency divider in a Clock derivation device.
  • the system clock then serves indirectly for controlling the phase and / or amplitude modulator.
  • the subcarrier signal can also be applied to others Generated way.
  • the modulation result is a data signal and subcarrier signal thereafter with the alternating magnetic field modulated. This results in a special one simple construction of the amplitude demodulator, since that Modulation result can be demodulated particularly easily.
  • the response circuit can be a phase shift device have, which can be designed such that at least a first and at least a second each shifted towards each other by a certain phase amount Control clocks can be generated from the system clock.
  • the Phase shifting device with in particular at least one Frequency divider equipped.
  • no significant Effort precisely shifted control clocks from the Carrier signal vibration of the alternating magnetic field generated that directly for controlling the amplitude and phase modulator can be used.
  • This from the carrier signal derived, phase-shifted vibrations can be as Subcarrier signals are used on the data signal is modulated.
  • the amplitude demodulator has in particular on the input side a bandpass filter whose center frequency is essentially equal to the sum or difference of the frequencies of Carrier signal and auxiliary signal is.
  • a particularly simple structure of the invention Data transmission circuit results when the Answer circuit and / or the station are designed that they can process digital signals.
  • Such Circuits can be made with conventional digital Train circuit technology in a particularly simple way.
  • the invention further relates to a response circuit, the especially for use with a transponder or a chip card is determined, the response circuit with a secondary coil and with an amplitude modulator for Influence the resistance load of the secondary coil is.
  • the amplitude modulator is designed so that an external alternating magnetic field with a particular of the data signal generated by the response circuit can be modulated, if the answer circuit is close to that Primary coil is located, the external magnetic alternating field generated.
  • the response circuit has additionally a phase modulator to influence the electrical properties of the secondary coil, the Amplitude modulator and / or the phase modulator so are trained that this or this by a Activation signal can be controlled.
  • the answer circuit can in particular according to one of claims 3 to 13 be trained, which is advantageous Embodiments of the response circuit according to the invention result.
  • the invention also relates to a method for modulating an external magnetic alternating field of a station with one from a response circuit based on a data signal generated modulation signal. According to the invention this is done Modulate such that a sideband of the modulated alternating magnetic field is generated more than the other. Thereby becomes the signal power of the modulation of the alternating magnetic field concentrated on a sideband channel and There are no modulation zeros.
  • Figure 1 shows a data transmission circuit according to the invention with a station 1 and with a reply circuit 2.
  • the station 1 has a signal generator 3, which in an alternating voltage signal with a primary circuit Carrier frequency ⁇ generated.
  • the generated by the signal generator 3 AC signal is fed to the primary coil 4, being in the circuit between signal generator 3 and Primary coil 4, a resonant circuit capacitor 5a and a Damping resistor 5b are provided.
  • the station 1 points continue to be connected in parallel to the primary coil 4
  • Demodulator 6 on.
  • the demodulator 6 is in this view not shown, it can be used as an amplitude demodulator as well as a phase demodulator.
  • the response circuit 2 has a secondary coil 7, which in the Operation of the data transmission circuit according to the invention in the close range of the primary coil 4 is brought.
  • the Secondary coil 7 forms with a resonant circuit capacitor 9 a secondary circuit.
  • the resonant circuit capacitor 9 gives that Secondary circuit a suitable resonance frequency.
  • the itself the secondary coil 7 and to the resonant circuit capacitor 9 subsequent part of the answer circuit 2 is divided into essentially in a power supply assembly as well as in a carrier signal modulation module.
  • the power supply module has one for this Rectifier 8, which at its output with a Smoothing or screen capacitor 10 is provided. Farther the power supply module has a voltage regulator in the shape of a Zener diode 11.
  • the rectifier 8 is in the Embodiment 2 of the response circuit shown as Bridge rectifier made up of four diodes.
  • the carrier signal modulation assembly essentially exists from a data signal generation block 12, an amplitude modulator 13 and a phase modulator 14 the amplitude modulator 13 in parallel with the secondary coil 7 switched so that this with an additional resistor is resilient.
  • the phase modulator 14 has one capacitor connected in parallel with the secondary coil 7, see above that their capacitive load is changeable.
  • the Amplitude modulator 13 and the phase modulator 14 are both as linear and as non-linear modulators executable.
  • the amplitude modulator as a series connection of an ohmic resistor with one electrically operated switch.
  • the phase modulator In contrast, 14 is a series connection of one Capacitor and an electrically operated switch executed.
  • the amplitude modulator 13 and the phase modulator 14 are each via a connecting line 15 or 16 in connection with the data signal generation block 12, and in such a way that their switches on the instructions of Data signal generation blocks 12 can be actuated.
  • the data signal generation block 12 is still a Carrier signal line 17 directly with the secondary coil 7 in Connection. Finally, the data signal generation block points 12 also have power supply connections 18 and 19, respectively which he with the power supply assembly of the response circuit 2 communicates.
  • FIG. 2 shows the data signal generation block 12 of the response circuit 1 in more detail.
  • the data signal generation block 12 has a clock processing device 23, which over the Carrier signal line 17 with the secondary coil 7 in connection stands. Clocks to the processing device 23 a frequency divider 24, which is also one in this View not shown includes phase shifter.
  • the frequency divider 24 generates two phase-shifted, same frequency signals over a first Output line 25 and a second output line 26 be delivered.
  • the first one generated by the frequency divider 24 Signal is sent to a first via the first output line 25 Transfer subcarrier modulator 27.
  • the second of Frequency divider 24 generated signal is via the second Output line 26 to the second subcarrier modulator 28 to hand over.
  • To output the signals from the first subcarrier modulator 27 and of the second subcarrier modulator 28 these to the connection lines 15 already mentioned or 16 connected.
  • the first subcarrier modulator 27 and the second Subcarrier modulator 28 also receive from one further provided in the data signal generation block 12 Logic and storage device 29 a data signal.
  • the logic- and storage device 29 gets just like everyone else Assemblies of the data signal generation block 12 their Operating energy from the power supply connections 18 and 19.
  • the first subcarrier modulator 27 and the second Subcarrier modulator 28 are designed so that the Frequency divider 24 generated signals with the data signal from the logic and memory device 29 are modulated can.
  • the data transmission circuit behaves in accordance with the invention as described below.
  • the signal generator 3 in station 1 generates a high frequency AC signal that the primary coil 4th is fed.
  • the resonant circuit capacitor 5a leads due to a series resonance to an increase in voltage in the primary coil 4.
  • the damping resistor 5b provides the necessary bandwidth.
  • the on the two connections of the Signal generator 3 connected primary coil 4 is consequently with that generated by the signal generator 3 AC signal with a carrier frequency ⁇ applied.
  • the response circuit 2 In operation of the data transmission circuit according to the invention is the response circuit 2 in the area of the near field of Primary coil 4 introduced, in such a way that the Secondary coil 7 of the response circuit 2 in the immediate Environment of the primary coil 4 is located. Then that induces Alternating magnetic field in the secondary coil is an alternating voltage at a frequency that is equal to the carrier frequency ⁇ matches.
  • This AC voltage is from the power supply module the response circuit 2 sampled and rectified. This is the rectifier 8 with the two Outputs of the secondary coil 7 connected.
  • a smoothed DC voltage whose size is limited by the Zener diode 11, and to a value necessary for the operation of the data signal generation block 12 is necessary.
  • the smoothed and limited output voltage of the power supply module is via the power supply connections 18 and 19 am Data signal generation block 12 applied.
  • the data signal generation block 12 then goes into an active state in which it is on the carrier signal line 17 samples the voltage induced in the secondary coil 7.
  • the clock derivation device 20 shown in FIG. 2 conducts from the AC voltage induced in the secondary coil 7 a system clock and passes this to the frequency divider 21st to.
  • phase shifting device provided that the system clock, a first subcarrier signal and one with the first subcarrier signal of the same frequency second subcarrier signal generated that regarding the phase of the first Subcarrier signal by 90 ° to the first subcarrier signal is moved.
  • subcarrier modulators 24 shown in FIG. 2 25 becomes that stored in the logic and memory block 26 Data signal with the subcarrier signals to form a phase modulation signal and to an amplitude modulation signal modulated.
  • the amplitude modulation signal is then via the connecting line 15 to the amplitude modulator 13 fed while the phase modulation signal over the Connection line 16 is fed to the phase modulator 14.
  • the amplitude modulator 13 and the phase modulator 14 load the secondary coil 7 according to them supplied signals. Since between primary coil 4 and Secondary coil 7 there is a coupling, the load acts the secondary coil 7 through the phase modulator 14 and through the amplitude modulator 13 to the electrical Properties of the primary coil 4 back. This changed shape and size of the resulting on the primary coil 4 Signals what is sampled by the demodulator 6. at appropriate training of the in this view no closer shown demodulator 6, the data signal from the so changed AC voltage in the primary coil 4 reconstruct.
  • Figures 3 to 6 illustrate the operation of the inventive modulation of the carrier signal with the subcarrier signal, these representations are based on those of Subcarrier signals not influenced or Phase and amplitude modulation signals are limited to to make the basic idea of the invention clearer.
  • FIG. 3 shows a pointer representation of a modulation of the subcarrier signals with the carrier signal, as is carried out by the amplitude modulator 13 and by the phase modulator 14.
  • the carrier signal is shown as a carrier signal pointer 20 which rotates around the origin O with its carrier frequency ⁇ .
  • the amplitude modulation signal pointers 21a (a 1 ) and 21b (a 2 ) and the phase modulation signal pointers 22a (p 1 ) and 22b (p 2 ) are shown rotating around the tip of the carrier signal pointer 20.
  • two pointers 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b are shown, each representing the two spectral components of the amplitude modulation and the phase modulation.
  • Phase and amplitude modulation signals have a constant frequency ⁇ .
  • the rotational speed ⁇ of the Spectral components compared to the carrier signal corresponds to the Frequency of the subcarrier signal, which for all pointers 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b of the amplitude modulation and the Phase modulation is the same.
  • the pointers 21a and 22a of the Rotate amplitude modulation or phase modulation however opposite to the pointers 21b and 22b of the Amplitude modulation or phase modulation.
  • the carrier signal pointer 20 rotates at the carrier frequency ⁇ , while the amplitude modulation pointers a 1 , a 2 and the phase modulation pointers p 1 , p 2 are at rest.
  • the amplitude modulation pointers a 1 , a 2 begin to rotate at the rotation speed ⁇ around the tip of the carrier signal pointer 20, one spectral component a 1 rotating counterclockwise in the illustration shown, while the other spectral component a 2 rotates clockwise rotates.
  • the spectral components a 1 , a 2 of the amplitude modulation have moved from the vertical position shown in FIG. 4 to a horizontal position, so that the one spectral component a 2 of the amplitude modulation coincides with the two spectral components p 1 , p 2 of the phase modulation, while the other spectral component a 1 of the amplitude modulation is opposite the spectral components a 2 , p 1 , p 2 . It is at this point in time that the spectral components p 1 , p 2 of the phase modulation start.
  • One spectral component p 1 then begins to rotate counterclockwise at the frequency ⁇ , while the other spectral component p 2 begins to rotate clockwise at the frequency ⁇ .
  • the spectral component a 1 with the spectral component p 1 is canceled.
  • the remaining spectral components a 2 and the other spectral component p 2 of the phase modulation are amplified.
  • FIG. 6 shows the vector diagram from FIG. 3 at time t> 90 ° / ⁇ .
  • the spectral components a 1 , a 2 of the amplitude modulation have moved further from the position in FIG. 5 by a certain angle.
  • the spectral components p 1 , p 2 have also moved further by a certain angle from the position in FIG. 5.
  • the angles by which the spectral components a 1 , a 2 , or p 1 , p 2 have moved further from the position in FIG. 5 correspond in each case, since the spectral components each have the same frequency ⁇ around the tip of the carrier signal. Turn pointer 20.
  • the spectral component a 1 of the amplitude modulation and the spectral component p 1 of the phase modulation are canceled out, while the spectral components a 2 of the amplitude modulation and p 2 of the phase modulation are amplified.
  • the Phase modulation thus the amplitude modulation by 90 ° Signal period of the frequency ⁇ of the subcarrier signal ahead.
  • the phase modulation is thus the amplitude modulation by 90 ° of the signal period Frequency ⁇ of the subcarrier signal lags.
  • the directions of the pointers 21b and 22b always coincide, while the directions of the pointers 21a and 22a always are opposite. No modulation zeros therefore. If the hands 21a and 22a are the same length, a complete extinction then occurs Sideband so that the signal power of the modulation of the Alternating magnetic field is concentrated on a sideband.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP97909195A 1996-10-15 1997-09-25 Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer station und mit einer antwortschaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0932944B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19642568A DE19642568A1 (de) 1996-10-15 1996-10-15 Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer Station und mit einer Antwortschaltung
DE19642568 1996-10-15
PCT/DE1997/002187 WO1998017014A1 (de) 1996-10-15 1997-09-25 Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer station und mit einer antwortschaltung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0932944A1 EP0932944A1 (de) 1999-08-04
EP0932944B1 true EP0932944B1 (de) 2002-03-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97909195A Expired - Lifetime EP0932944B1 (de) 1996-10-15 1997-09-25 Datenübertragungsschaltung mit einer station und mit einer antwortschaltung

Country Status (11)

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EP (1) EP0932944B1 (uk)
JP (1) JP2001502145A (uk)
KR (1) KR100427107B1 (uk)
CN (1) CN1254022C (uk)
AT (1) ATE214525T1 (uk)
BR (1) BR9712328A (uk)
DE (2) DE19642568A1 (uk)
ES (1) ES2174224T3 (uk)
RU (1) RU2214053C2 (uk)
UA (1) UA54455C2 (uk)
WO (1) WO1998017014A1 (uk)

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DE10346474B4 (de) * 2003-10-02 2014-07-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensorbauteil mit einem Sensorchip, Sensorstapel und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer biochemischen Probe

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FR2791493B1 (fr) * 1999-03-25 2001-06-08 Inside Technologies Circuit d'emission/reception de donnees par couplage inductif
JP3956799B2 (ja) * 2002-08-19 2007-08-08 ブラザー工業株式会社 通信システムの応答器
DE102007004814B4 (de) * 2007-01-31 2013-06-06 Continental Automotive Gmbh Güteanpassung eines Empfangsschaltkreises
DE102008018829A1 (de) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Knick Elektronische Messgeräte GmbH & Co. KG Induktive Übertragungsvorrichtung für elektrische Energie und Daten
JP2012501500A (ja) * 2008-08-26 2012-01-19 クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッド 並行して行う無線電力伝送および近接場通信
RU2695533C2 (ru) * 2013-04-12 2019-07-23 Кардлаб Апс Карта со смещенным генератором поля
CN105264549B (zh) * 2013-04-12 2018-09-18 卡德赖博私人有限公司 卡、组件、组装卡的方法和输出信息的方法
CN111357185B (zh) * 2017-11-15 2023-09-29 西门子股份公司 用于多电平转换器的脉冲宽度调制控制

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10346474B4 (de) * 2003-10-02 2014-07-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensorbauteil mit einem Sensorchip, Sensorstapel und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer biochemischen Probe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0932944A1 (de) 1999-08-04
CN1254022C (zh) 2006-04-26
RU2214053C2 (ru) 2003-10-10
KR20000049180A (ko) 2000-07-25
JP2001502145A (ja) 2001-02-13
UA54455C2 (uk) 2003-03-17
DE59706626D1 (de) 2002-04-18
ATE214525T1 (de) 2002-03-15
BR9712328A (pt) 1999-08-31
KR100427107B1 (ko) 2004-04-17
CN1233361A (zh) 1999-10-27
WO1998017014A1 (de) 1998-04-23
ES2174224T3 (es) 2002-11-01
DE19642568A1 (de) 1998-04-23

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