Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
  • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
  • A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
  • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
  • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
  • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
  • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel formulation, and to its use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of certain disorders.
• [R-(Z)]- ⁇ -(methoxyimino)- ⁇ -(l-azabicyclo [2.2.2]oct-3-yl)acetonitrile monohydrochloride (compound X) and methods for its preparation are disclosed in EP-A-0392803, WO95/31456 and WO93/17018.
• the compound enhances acetylcholine function via an action at muscarinic receptors within the central nervous system, and is therefore of potential use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of dementia in mammals.
• WO96/12486 discloses the use of compound X in the manufacture of a medicament for enhancing amyloid precursor protein processing along a non- amyloidogenic pathway in patients suffering from, or at risk of developing, Alzheimer's disease.
• the present invention provides a controlled release oral dosage form containing compound X, its parent free base or any other pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• controlled release any formulation technique wherein release of the active substance from the dosage form is modified to occur at a slower rate than that from an immediate release product, such as a conventional swallow tablet or capsule.
• Controlled release includes delayed release wherein release of the active substance from the dosage form is modified to occur at a later time than that from a conventional immediate release product.
• the subsequent release of active substance from a delayed release formulation may also be controlled to occur at a slower rate.
• Controlled Drug Delivery Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Edition. Eds. J.R. Robinson, V.H.L. Lee. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York 1987.
• Such controlled release formulations are preferably formulated in a manner such that release of compound X is effected throughout the gastro-intestinal tract, and takes place predominantly over the first eight to twelve hours following ingestion.
• Preferred formulations include wax matrices, swellable and/or gellable polymer or hydrogel matrices, tablets coated with release controlling polymers or waxes, and pellets, granules or beads comprising matrices or coated with release controlling polymers or waxes and then formulated as capsules, compressed tablets or suspensions.
• Suitable waxes for matrix formation or release controlling coating include non- ionic beeswax derivatives such as Gelucire 62/05, 50/02 or 50/13 (Gattefosse), glyceryl behenate, other fatty acid mono-, di- or tri-esters of glycerol such as Precirol ATO5
• microcrystalline wax hydrogenated castor oil or hydrogenated vegetable oil
• long-chain aliphatic alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and carnuba wax.
• Suitable materials for the formation of hydrogel matrices or swellable and/or gellable polymer matrices may be selected from alkyl celluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylatcs, polymethylmethacrylates, methacrylate/divinylbenzene copolymers, carboxymethylamide, polyoxyalkylenc glycols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and carboxymethyl cellulose.
• the swellable polymeric material in particular may be selected from crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crosslinked hydroxypropylcellulose, high molecular weight polyhydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylamide, potassium methacrylate/divinylbenzene copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, crosslinked polyvinyipyrrolidone and high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol.
• the gellable polymeric material in particular may be selected from methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, low-molecular weight hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, low-molecular weight polyvinylalcohols, polyoxyethyleneglycols and non-cross-linked polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• the swellable and gellable polymeric material in particular may be selected from medium-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and medium-viscosity polyvinylalcohols.
• Release controlling polymers include hydrogel polymers such as those listed above, hydrophobic polymers and enteric, or pH dependent, polymers.
• Suitable materials for the formation of hydrophobic release controlling polymer coatings include alkyl celluloses, which may be used in the form of latex suspensions such as Surelease (Colorcon) or Aquacoat (FMC), and methacrylic acid derivatives, which may be used in the form of latex suspensions such as Eudragit RS, RL and NE (Rohm).
• Suitable materials for the formation of enteric or pH dependent polymer coatings include methacrylic acid derivatives, which may be used in the form of latex suspensions such as Eudragit L and S (Rohm).
• Seal coats film layers used to separate the various functional layers of the formulation or to provide a final layer to the outside of the formulation, contain suitable materials for film forming such as alkylcelluloses, which may be used in the form of latex suspensions such as Surelease (Colorcon) or Aquacoat (FMC), and hydroxyalkycelluloses such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (for example Opadry (Colorcon)).
• alkylcelluloses which may be used in the form of latex suspensions such as Surelease (Colorcon) or Aquacoat (FMC), and hydroxyalkycelluloses such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (for example Opadry (Colorcon)).
• the formulation may also include plasticisers such as triethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate or medium chain triglycerides in the release controlling polymer layer.
• plasticisers such as triethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate or medium chain triglycerides in the release controlling polymer layer.
• Pellet-forming materials include suitable grades of microcrystalline cellulose such as Avicel PHlOl (FMC). Granules may be formed from any of the commonly used pharmaceutical fillers or diluents such as lactose, lactose monohydrate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate or search.
• FMC Avicel PHlOl
• Beads may be formed by layering or spraying on non-pareil seeds.
• Suitable ingredients in controlled-release dosage forms include polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol and these, as well as the pharmaceutical fillers, may be used to modify the release rate by inclusion in matrices, pellets, granules or beads.
• the formulation may also include hydrophobic excipients that retard the release from the formulation such as ethylcellulose, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide or glyceryl monostearate and/or one or more binders such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose or polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• hydrophobic excipients that retard the release from the formulation such as ethylcellulose, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide or glyceryl monostearate and/or one or more binders such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose or polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and glidants such as colloidal silica may also be included.
• a particularly preferred formulation comprises drug-layered beads coated with a release controlling polymer either alone or in combination with drug-layered beads not coated with a release controlling polymer (immediate release beads).
• appropriate size non-pareil sugar beads may be layered with a solution or dispersion containing the active substance, inert excipients, and/or retardants such as ethylcellulose, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide or glyceryl monostearate and/or one or more binders such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• the layering of the active substance may be accomplished at a predetermined rate and temperature using either a coating pan or a fluid bed drier.
• the layered beads may be seal coated with a suitable film forming polymer such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (e.g. Opadry) or Eudragit® L30D-55 (a methacrylic acid copolymer) and then may be coated with one or more suitable release controlling polymers preferably selected from from alkyl celluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and methacrylic acid derivatives, such as ethylcellulose, Eudragit® RS, Eudragit® RL or Methocel E4M, to produce beads that release compound X over an eight to twelve hour period and/or release compound X in one or more pulses. Seal coated beads may be used for an immediate release dose.
• a suitable film forming polymer such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (e.g. Opadry) or Eudragit® L30D-55 (a methacrylic acid copolymer)
• suitable release controlling polymers preferably selected from from alkyl celluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses
• the controlled release or a mixture of controlled release and immediate release beads may then be filled into an appropriate size capsule or compressed with inert excipients into tablets of appropriate physical parameters such as shape, size, hardness and disintegration.
• the polymer(s), release controlling plus any seal coat polymer(s), preferably make up 10 to 30% by weight of the total dosage form.
• Plasticizer is normally present and may make up at least 2% by weight.
• Binder(s) and retardant(s) typically make up to 3-10% by weight.
• the polymer matrix is preferably a hydrogel polymer selected from alkyl celluloses such as methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcelluloses such as hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylates, cross-linked polyvinyipyrrolidone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
• the polymers typically make up 10 to 50% by weight of the tablet.
• the matrix tablet can be sealed with a hydrophobic release controlling polymer coating such as ethylcellulose (Surelease (Colorcon)) to retard the hydration of the hydrogel matrix in the tablet.
• the hydrophobic coating polymer typically make up 4 to 10% by weight of the tablet.
• a particular aspect of the invention provides a system for the controlled release of an active substance which is compound X, its parent free base or any other pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising (a) a deposit-core comprising an effective amount of the active substance and having defined geometric form, and (b) a support-platform applied to said deposit-core, wherein said deposit-core contains at least the active substance, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of (1) a polymeric material which swells on contact with water or aqueous liquids and a gellable polymeric material wherein the ratio of the said swellable polymeric material to said gellable polymeric material is in the range 1 :9 to 9:1 , and (2) a single polymeric material having both swelling and gelling properties, and wherein the support-platform is an elastic support, applied to said deposit-core so
• the swellable polymeric material in (1) may be selected from crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crosslinked hydroxypropylcellulose, high molecular weight polyhydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, carboxy-methyl starch, potassium methacrylate/divinylbenzene copolymer, crosslinked polyvinyipyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol.
• the gellable polymeric material in (1) may be selected from methylcellulose and non-cross-linked polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• the support-platform may comprise; polymers such as polyhydroxypropylmethy] cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyhydroxpropyl cellulose and polysodium carboxymethylcellulose; plasticizers such as polyoxyethylene glycols, castor oil, hydrogenated cator oil, ethyl phthalate, butyl phthalate, natural glycerides, synthetic glycerides and semisynthetic glycerides; binders such as polyvinyipyrrolidone, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose gum arabic and alginic acid; hydrophilic agents such as mannitol, lactose, starch and colloidal silica; and/or hydrophobic agents such as hydrogenated castor oil, magnesium stearate, a fatty substance, wax, natural glycerides and synthetic glycerides.
• plasticizers such as polyoxyethylene glycols, castor oil, hydrogenated cator oil, ethy
• the polymer(s) typically make up 30 to 90% by weight of the support-platform, for example about 35 to 40%.
• Plasticizer may make up at least 2% by weight of the support-platform, for example about 15 to 20%.
• Binder(s), hydrophilic agent(s) and hydrophobic agent(s) typically total up to about 50%) by weight of the support-platform, for example about 40 to 50%.
• a further aspect of the invention provides a system for the controlled-rate release of compound X, consisting of: a) a deposit-core comprising effective amounts of compound X and having defined geometric form, b) a support-platform applied to said deposit-core wherein said deposit-core contains, mixed with the active substance, at least one member selected from the group consisting of a (a) 5-80%) by weight of the total weight of deposit-core of a polymeric material having a high degree of swelling on contact with water or aqueous liquids and 90-10% by weight of the total weight of the deposit core of a gellable polymeric material, and (b) a single polymeric material having both swelling and gelling properties, and other adjuvants able to provide the mixture with suitable characteristics for compression and for intake of water, and wherein said support-platform consists of a polymeric material insoluble in
• the swellable polymeric material in (a) may be selected from crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crosslinked hydroxypropylcellulose, high molecular weight polyhydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, carboxy-methylamide, potassium methacrylate/divinylbenzene copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, crosslinked polyvinyipyrrolidone and high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol.
• the gellable polymeric material in (a) may be selected from methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, low-molecular weight hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, low-molecular weight polyvinylalcohols, polyoxyethyleneglycols and non-cross-linked polyvinyipyrrolidone.
• the swellable and gellable polymeric material in (b) may be selected from medium- viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and medium-viscosity polyvinylalcohols.
• the support platform may comprise insoluble polymeric material selected from acrylates, cellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate-propionate, polyethylene, methacrylates, acrylic acid copolymers and high-molecular weight polyvinylalcohols.
• Such formulation may be prepared as generally described in US 4,839,177.
• WO 94/06416 discloses a yet further alternative controlled release formulations suitable for use in the present invention.
• a yet further aspect of the invention provides a system for the controlled-rate release of compound X, consisting of a pharmaceutical compressed tablet capable of releasing compound X at different rates, consisting of three layers, wherein
• a first layer contains compound X with immediate or controlled release formulation, composed of rapidly swelling and/or soluble and/or erodible polymeric substances by contact with aqueous fluids, and adjuvants;
• a second layer contains compound X, either equal to or different from those of the first layer, with slow release formulation, composed of swelling and/or gellable and/or erodible polymeric substances by contact with aqueous fluids, and adjuvants;
• a low-permeability barrier-type layer coating said second layer or, alternatively, placed between the first and second layer, consisting of polymeric substances, adjuvants, plasticizing agents and, if necessary, compound X.
• the polymeric substances of the first layer may be selected from cross-linked polyvinyipyrrolidone, low- and medium-molecular-weight hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, potassium methacrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, starches, starch derivatives, microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose derivatives, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and dextrin derivatives.
• the polymeric substances of the second layer may be selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having molecular weight from 1 ,000 to 4,000,000, hydroxypropyl cellulose having molecular weight from 2,000 to 2,000,000, carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinyl alcohols, glucans, scleroglucans, mannans, xanthans, alginic acid and derivatives thereof, carboxymethylcellulose and derivatives thereof, poly(methyl vinyl ethers/maleic anhydride), ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and cellulose derivatives.
• the adjuvants of the first and second layers may be selected from the group consisting of starch, pregelled starch, calcium phosphate, mannitol, lactose, saccharose, glucose, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, polyvinyipyrrolidone, methylcellulose, starch solution, ethylcellulose, arabic gum, tragacanth gum, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, colloidal silica, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, waxes, and mono-, bi-, and trisubstituted glycerides.
• the polymeric substances of the barrier type layer may be selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having molecular weight from 1,000 to 4,000,000, hydroxypropyl cellulose having molecular weight from 2,000 to 2,000,000, carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinyl alcohols, glucans, scleroglucans, mannans, xanthans, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and methylcellulose.
• the adjuvants of the barrier-type layer may be selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, semisynthetic glycerides, glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl behenate, polyvinyipyrrolidone, gelatine, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearate, talc, sodium benzoate, boric acid, and colloidal silica.
• the plasticizing agents of the barrier-type layer may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated castor oil, fatty acids, substituted triglycerides and glycerides, polyoxyethylene glycols and derivatives thereof having molecular weight from 400 to 60,000.
• Such formulation may be prepared as generally described in WO 94/06416.
• the dosage form preferably contains compound X itself.
• Compound X has active doses around 5-125 microgramme ( ⁇ g) (calculated as free base). It has been found through administration to human patients that efficacy as a cognition enhancer may be obtained at daily doses below O.Olmg/kg more particularly 0.003mg/kg and below, for example 0.000 l-0.003mg/kg, such as 0.00035-0.003mg/kg, 0.0007-0.003mg/kg, 0.000 l-0.0007mg/kg or 0.00035-0.002mg/kg.
• Suitable unit doses to achieve such daily doses are 5, 12.5, 25, 50 or 75 ⁇ g, administered twice daily or 50 ⁇ g or lOO ⁇ g, once daily. Such unit doses are calculated on the basis of 50-70kg individuals and as free base.
• the in vitro release profile of the dosage form i.e. the amount of compound X released over time will be selected so that it will provide an area under the in vivo plasma profile curve that is similar to that obtained following conventional oral administration of a fast release tablet, 5 to 75 ⁇ g (calculated as free base) compound X twice a day.
• the dosage form of the invention may be used in the treatment and or prophylaxis of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, in mammals, and for enhancing amyloid precursor protein processing along a non-amyloidogenic pathway in patients suffering from, or at risk of developing, Alzheimer's disease. These disorders are herein after referred to as "the Disorders”.
• the present invention provides a method of treating "the Disorders" by administering an effective amount of a controlled release oral dosage form containing compound X, its parent free base or any other pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a sufferer in need thereof.
• the present invention further provides the use of a controlled release oral dosage form containing compound X, its parent free base or any other pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating "the Disorders".
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of "the disorders" which comprises a controlled release oral dosage form containing compound X, its parent free base or any other pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• pellets are produced by extrusion/spheronization, using water as a granulation liquid and an appropriate size fraction is obtained by screening. Pellets are then coated in a fluid bed coater (bottom spray) with 2-10% (w/w) of an aqueous Surelease dispersion (15% solids in dispersion).
• Pellets are produced by extrusion/spheronization using water and sodium laurylsulphate as a granulation liquid, and an appropriate size fraction is obtained by screening. Pellets may additionally be coated in a fluid bed coater (bottom spray) with aqueous polymer dispersions to further reduce release rates and obtain the desired release profiles.
• Example 5 Hydrophilicity
• Tablets may be prepared by the following procedure: 1. Blend the starch and HPC in a high shear mixer 2. Dissolve the drug into a small quantity of water and spray into blend while mixing
• Tablets may be prepared by the following procedure:
• Tablets may be prepared as described in US5433123
• Example 9 200 mg of non-pareil sugar beads of 16-20, 20-25 or 25-30 mesh size may be used. A medicated layer solution of the following composition was used:
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS- 1-9025 A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing ethylcellulose (Surelease®) of the following composition was made and used for polymer coating the seal coated beads at an 10% to 25% weight gain, in particular 10, 12, 15, 17, 22 and 25%.
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh non- pareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Opadry® Clear seal coating solution to a weight gain of 3% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were polymer coated to a weight gain of 10% to 25% with the Surelease® coating dispersion.
• the final polymer coated beads were produced by seal coating the polymer coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry® Clear seal coating solution.
• Seal coating A seal coating dispersion containing Eudragit® L30D-55 of the following composition was made and used for seal coating the drug layered beads at an 4% weight gain.
• Purified water q.s. Total 100 Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing ethylcellulose (Surelease®) of the following composition was made and used for polymer coating the seal coated beads at an 10% to 25% weight gain.
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh nonpareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Eudragit® L30D-55 seal coating dispersion to a weight gain of 4% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were polymer coated to a weight gain of 10% tp 25% with the Surelease® coating dispersion.
• the final polymer coated beads were produced by seal coating the polymer coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry® Clear seal coating solution.
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS-1-9025A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing Ethylcellulose
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh nonpareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Opadry® Clear seal coating solution to a weight gain of 3% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were polymer coated to a weight gain of 10% with the Aquacoat® coating dispersion.
• the final polymer coated beads were produced by seal coating the polymer coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry® Clear seal coating solution.
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS-1 -9025 A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing Eudragit® RS or RS/RL of the following composition was made and used for polymer coating the seal coated beads at an 10% weight gain.
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh nonpareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Opadry® Clear seal coating solution to a weight gain of 3% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were polymer coated to a weight gain of 10% with the Eudragit® RS or RS/RL coating dispersion.
• the final polymer coated beads can be produced by seal coating the polymer coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry® Clear seal coating solution.
• Example 13 200 mg of non-pareil sugar beads of 16-20, 20-25 or 25-30 mesh size may be used.
• a medicated layer solution of the following composition was used:
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS- 1-7006) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Example 14 (Ethylcellulose coated beads with a retardant) 200 mg of non-pareil sugar beads of 16-20, 20-25 or 25-30 mesh size may be used.
• a medicated layer solution of the following composition was used: Component % w/w Function
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS- 1-9025 A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing Ethylcellulose (Surelease®) of the following composition was made and used for polymer coating the seal coated beads at 10% weight gain.
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh nonpareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Opadry® Clear seal coating solution to a weight gain of 3% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were polymer coated to a weight gain of 10% with the Surelease® coating dispersion.
• the final polymer coated beads can be produced by seal coating the polymer coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry® Clear seal coating solution.
• Table 5 Release Profile of Ethylcellulose Coated Beads, with Retardant, of Compound X in Water
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS-l -9025 A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Drug layered beads were produced by layering the drug solution onto 25-30 mesh nonpareil beads using a Niro STREA-1 fluid bed dryer so as to layer 100 micrograms of the drug as the free base onto 200 mg of the non-pareil beads.
• the drug layered beads were seal coated with Opadry® Clear seal coating solution to a weight gain of 3% to produce the immediate release beads.
• a portion of the immediate release beads were enteric coated to a weight gain of 20% with the Eudragit® enteric coating dispersion.
• the final enteric coated beads were produced by seal coating the enteric coated beads to a weight gain of 2% with the Opadry Clear seal coating solution.
• Example 16 (matrix tablet) Ingredient mg/tablet Function
• Seal coating solution A solution of Opadry® Clear (YS-l -9025 A) in purified water at 10% solids concentrations was made by dissolving 100 grams of Opadry® Clear into 900 grams of purified water.
• Polymer Coating A polymer coating dispersion containing Ethylcellulose (Surelease®) of the following composition was made and used for polymer coating the seal coated beads at 10% weight gain.

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