Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D498/18—Bridged systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

• This invention relates to compounds of formula I below or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which possess immunosuppressive and/or anti tumor and/or antiinflammatory activity in vivo and/or inhibit thymocyte proliferation in vitro. These compounds are therefore useful in the treatment of transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, the treatment of Candida albicans infections, treatment of diseases of inflammation treatment of hyperproliferative vascular disease (restenosis) and in the treatment of certain human tumors.
• autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis
• Candida albicans infections treatment of diseases of inflammation treatment of hyperproliferative vascular disease (restenosis) and in the treatment of certain human tumors.
• Rapamycin is a tnacrocyclic triene antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. which was found to have antifungal activity, particularly against Candida albicans. both in vitro and in vivo [C. Vezina et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 721 (1975); S.N. Seghal et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 727 (1975); H. A. Baker et al., J. Antibiot. 31, 539 (1978); U.S. Patent 3,929,992; and U.S. Patent 3,993,749J.
• Rapamycin alone (U.S. Patent 4,885,171 ) or in combination with picibanil (U.S. Patent 4,401,653) has been shown to have antitumor activity.
• R. Martel et al. [Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55, 48 (1977)] disclosed that rapamycin is effective in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model, a model for multiple sclerosis; in the adjuvant arthritis model, a model for rheumatoid arthritis; and effectively inhibited the formation of IgE-like antibodies.
• the immunosuppressive effects of rapamycin have been disclosed in FASEB 3,
• patent 5,288,71 1 discloses a method of preventing or treating hyperproliferative vascular disease by administration of a combination of rapamycin and heparin.
• U. S. patent 5,286,730 discloses a method of treating immunoinflammatory disease by treatment with rapamycin alone or in combination with cyclosporin A.
• U. S. patent 5,286,731 provides a method of treating immunoinflammatory bowel disease by administration of rapamycin alone or in combination with cyclosporin A.
• Various structural features of rapamycin have been modified in efforts to increase the potency or specificity of pharmacological action. For instance, a number of U. S.
• patents disclose compounds where one or more of the hydroxy groups having normal stereochemistry at positions 14, 31 , and 42 have been converted into acyl esters, sulfonyl esters, and carba ates.
• U. S. patent 5,023,263 discloses 42-oxo rapamycin.
• U. S. patent 5,258,389 discloses 31 and/or 42 O-alkyl, O-aryl, O-alkenyl, and O-alkynyl ethers of rapamycin having normal stereochemistry at the 42 position.
• the PCT published application WO 94/09010 discloses 31 and/or 42 O-alkylate rapamycin analogs wherein the keto groups at positions 15 and 33 may be reduced to a hydroxyl group or a methylene group.
• the compounds of this invention are represented by the following chemical formula and are novel. While a number of rapamycin analogs substituted at positions 31 and 42 have been disclosed, substitution at position 29 has not been heretofore disclosed.
• the compounds useful in this invention are represented by the formula below:
• W and Y are OR' and X and Z together form a bond or W and X are OR 2 and Y and Z together form a bond, wherein R 1 is selected from -(CH2) n -Ar where Ar is not phenyl, -(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH3 where n is not 1, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O(CH2CH 2 O) m -CH3,
• R 2 is selected from H, Cj-Cio alkyl, Ar(CH 2 ) n -, C3-C 1 0 alkenyl, -(CH 2 CH 2 O)nCH3, -CH 2 CH2CH2 ⁇ (CH2CH 2 O) m -CH3, -CH 2 (CH 2 ) n -OR3, -CH 2 (CH 2 ) n -X where X is F, Cl, Br or I; and -(CH 2 ) n -CH 2 CH(OR 5 )CH 2 OR 6 where R 5 and R 6 are selected independently from H, Ci-Cjn alkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -Ar, -CONH(CH 2 ) n -Ar or COC(CH3)2-(CH 2 ) n -Ar, -COR7 and -CO 2 R 7 , where R? is C ⁇ C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C6 alkenyl, or Ar;
• alkyl includes straight and branched chain hydrocarbons and the aryl groups (Ar) are selected independently from phenyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, furanyl, 1 , 2, 3-triazolyl and tetrazolyl.
• This invention also encompasses the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts where they can be formed.
• the compounds of this invention exhibit immunosuppressive and/or antifungal and/or antitumor and/or antiinflammatory activity in vivo and/or inhibit thymocyte proliferation in vitro and are therefore useful in the treatment or inhibition of organ or tissue transplantation rejection or host vs. graft disease, proliferative diseases such as restenosis following angioplasty procedures, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and multiple sclerosis; fungal infections, and diseases of inflammation such as psoriasis, exzema, seborrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary inflammation such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, bronchitis and the like.
• An invention compound was found to inhibit the growth of human breast, colon and ovarian cancer cell lines in submicromolar concentration and it is therefore expected that the invention compounds will be useful in inhibiting these and other tumors in humans.
• the compounds of this invention can be prepared by standard literature procedures as outlined below.
• Other suitable bases may be used in place of the 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine and may include pyridine, lutidine, collidine, sodium hydride, or sodium carbonate.
• the compounds of this invention exhibit immunosuppressive and/or antifungal and/or antitumor and/or antiinflammatory activity in vivo and/or inhibit thymocyte proliferation in vitro and are therefore useful in the treatment of transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases (i.e. lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis), Candida albicans infections, and diseases of inflammation.
• An invention compound inhibits in vitro in sub-micromolar concentrations, the growth of certain human tumor cell lines, including colon (MIP 101), breast (T47D, SKBR-3), and ovarian (A2780S) cells and therefore it is expected that compounds of this inventon will be useful in the treatment of these and other tumors.
• the solution was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a pale yellow foam.
• the product mixture was separated by HPLC (40 % EtOAc/hexane, Dynamax 2" silica column, 20 mL/min), and four fractions were collected.
• the second fraction which was obtained in 12 % yield was identified as 42-O-benzylrapa ⁇ nycin.
• the third fraction which was obtained in 14 % yield was identified as the dihydrate of the title compound.
• LAF lymphocyte proliferation
• the comitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation procedure was used as K) an in vitro measure of the immunosuppressive effects of representative compounds. Briefly, cells from the thymus of no ⁇ nal BALB/c mice are cultured for 72 hours with PHA and IL-1 and pulsed with tritiated thymidine during the last six hours. Cells are cultured with and without various concentrations of rapamycin, cyclosporin A, or test compound. Cells are harvested and incorporated; radioactivity is determined. 15 Inhibition of lymphoproliferation is assessed in percent change in counts per minute from non-drug treated controls. The results are expressed by the following ratio, or as the percent inhibition of lymphoproliferation of 1 ⁇ M.
• rapamycin analog ICsnanalog
• rapamycin ICsrjrapa
• ratio of the ID50S of rapamycin to the analog R/A
• the in vivo test procedure is designed to determine the survival time of pinch skin graft from male DBA/2 donors transplanted to male BALB/c recipients.
• the method is adapted from Billingham R.E. and Medawar P.B., J. Exp. Biol. 28:385- 402, (1951). Briefly, a pinch skin graft from the donor is grafted on the dorsum of the recipient as a ho ograft, and an autograft is used as control in the same region.
• the in vivo adjuvant arthritis standard pharmacological test procedure measures the ability of test compounds to prevent immune mediated inflammation and inhibit or treat rheumatoid arthritis. The following briefly describes the test procedure used.
• a group of rats male inbred Wistar Lewis rats
• FCA Freund's Complete Adjuvant
• the rats are then orally dosed on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday schedule from day 0-14 for a total of 7 doses. Both hind paws are measured on days 16, 23 and 30.
• the difference in paw volume (mL) from day 16 to day 0 is determined and a percent change from control is obtained.
• the left hind paw (uninjected paw) inflammation is caused by T-cell mediated inflammation and is recorded as percent change from control.
• the right hind paw inflammation is caused by non-specific inflammation.
• Compounds were tested at a dose of 2 g/kg. The results are expressed as the percent change in the uninjected paw at day 16 versus control; the more negative the percent change, the more potent the compound. Rapamycin provides between -70% and -90% change versus control, indicating that rapamycin treated rats have between 70-90% less immune-induced inflammation than control rats.
• Example 3 The compound of Example 3 was shown to inhibit in submicromolar concentrations breast (T47D), colon (MIP 101), and ovarian (A 2780S) cancer cell lines according to the following assay procedure:
• Human tumor cell lines were plated in 96-well plates (250 ⁇ L/well, 1-6 x 10 4 cells/mL) in RPMI 1640 medium, containing 5% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum). Twenty- four hours after plating, drugs were added at five log concentrations (0.01 -100 ⁇ g mL). After 48 hours exposure to drugs, cells were fixed with trichloroacteic acid, and stained with Sulforhodamine B. After washing with trichloroacetic acid, bound dye was solubilized in 10 mM Tris base and Optical Density was determined using a plate reader. Under conditions of the assay, the optical density is proportional to the number of cells in the well. IC50S (concentrations causing 50% inhibition of cell growth) were dete ⁇ nined from the growth inhibition plots. The assay is described in details by Philip Skehan et al., J. National Cancer Institute 82, 1107-11 12, 1990.
• the compounds are useful in the treatment of transplantation rejection such as, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow, and skin transplants; autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes ellitus, yasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis; and diseases of inflammation such as, psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema, seborrhea, inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary inflammation such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, bronchitis and the like; proliferative diseases such as restenosis following angioplasty procedures, and fungal infections.
• the compounds are also expected to be useful in the treatment of breast, colon, or ovarian cancers in humans.
• the compounds may be administered neat or with a pharmaceutical carrier to a mammal in need thereof.
• the pharmaceutical carrier may be solid or liquid and the active compound shall be a therapeutical ly effective amount.
• a solid carrier can include one or more substances which may also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aids, binders or tablet-disintegrating agents; it can also be an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
• the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. The powders and tablets preferably contain up to 99% of the active ingredient.
• Suitable solid carriers include, for example, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.
• Liquid carriers are used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs and pressurized compositions.
• the active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, a mixture of both or pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats.
• the liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colors, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo-regulators.
• suitable examples of liquid carriers for oral and parenteral administration include water (partially containing additives as above, e.g.
• cellulose derivatives preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution
• alcohols including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g. fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).
• the carrier can also be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
• Sterile liquid carriers are useful in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration.
• the liquid carrier for pressurized compositions can be halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellant.
• Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspensions can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously.
• the compound can also be administered orally either in liquid or solid composition form.
• the formulated compound can further be administered intranasally through insufflation of a powder formulation, rectally or vaginally via suppositories, and topically or transdermally.
• the formulated invention compound can be administered alone or in combination with one or more addidional immunoregluatory agents such as a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, rapainyucin, cyclosporin A, FK-506, OKT-3 or ATG as established by Stepkowski, Transplantation Proceedings 23: 507 (1991).
• one or more addidional immunoregluatory agents such as a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, rapainyucin, cyclosporin A, FK-506, OKT-3 or ATG as established by Stepkowski, Transplantation Proceedings 23: 507 (1991).
• the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, e.g. as tablets or capsules.
• the composition is sub-divided in unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient;
• the unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example, packeted powders, vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids.
• the unit dosage form can be, for example, a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form.
• the dosage to be used in the neatment must be subjectively determined by the attending physician.

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• 1997
  • 1997-09-03 CA CA002266039A patent/CA2266039A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-09-03 JP JP10512815A patent/JP2001500126A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-09-03 EP EP97939749A patent/EP0927182A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-09-03 AU AU41768/97A patent/AU4176897A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-09-03 CN CN97199423A patent/CN1235608A/zh active Pending
  • 1997-09-03 WO PCT/US1997/015439 patent/WO1998009970A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation

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