EP0925323A1 - Procede pour la preparation de solutions de plastiques biodegradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques - Google Patents

Procede pour la preparation de solutions de plastiques biodegradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques

Info

Publication number
EP0925323A1
EP0925323A1 EP97942881A EP97942881A EP0925323A1 EP 0925323 A1 EP0925323 A1 EP 0925323A1 EP 97942881 A EP97942881 A EP 97942881A EP 97942881 A EP97942881 A EP 97942881A EP 0925323 A1 EP0925323 A1 EP 0925323A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
solvent mixture
aliphatic polyester
solvent
added
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97942881A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Esser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19640032A external-priority patent/DE19640032A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0925323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0925323A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
    • C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
    • C08J3/095—Oxygen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2377/12—Polyester-amides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing solutions of biodegradable plastics, in particular aliphatic polyester amides, and to the use of the solution obtained for the production of films and for coating substrates made of metal, paper, wood, plastic, ceramic and foodstuffs.
  • Plastics are widely used in the household, trade and industry, for example as moldings, foils and coatings. However, their disposal after use is an increasing problem. Therefore, biodegradable plastics have also been developed in recent years.
  • polyester amides based on natural amino acids are known. They are manufactured using an elaborate protective group technique, since they are generally natural amino acids in combination with hydroxycarboxylic acids, which is very cumbersome. In addition, these polymers do not have any mechanical properties that are necessary for the production of consumer articles.
  • polyesteramides made from lactic acid, diamines and dicarboxylic acid dichlorides are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,343,931 and 4,529,792.
  • Biodegradable polymers made from caprolactone and caprolactam are known from Japanese patents 79 113 593 and 79 109 594. knows.
  • the polyester amides mentioned above are difficult to produce.
  • polyester amide is disclosed in European patent application EP 641 817.
  • the polyester amide described there can be processed thermoplastically and is biodegradable. It has a melting point of at least 75 ° C. and the proportion by weight of the ester structures is between 30 and 70% and the proportion of the amide structures is between 70 and 30%.
  • the polymer described has good mechanical properties. The processability is very difficult. Molded articles can only be produced from the polymers in bulk. Solutions, for example in ethanol, are not stable and lead to the decomposition of the polymer within a short time.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce solutions of biodegradable polyester amides in order to be able to make them easier and easier to process.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing solutions of biodegradable plastics, in particular aliphatic polyester amides, which is characterized in that the aliphatic polyester amide contains in a solvent mixture
  • biodegradable aliphatic polyesteramides work well in the solvent mixture according to the invention, which contains components A, B and / or C contains, let solve. After just a few minutes, the polymer swells in the solution and dissolves. The dissolution rate can, if necessary, be increased by mechanical influences, such as stirring.
  • the solution obtained is stable for several days without any degradation of the polymer structure being observed.
  • the method detects the following steps
  • the softened and swollen plastic is mechanically crushed and the emulsion formed is preferably filtered.
  • the soaked and swollen plastic preferably filtered, the filtered solids can be fed to a new batch of plastic / solvent mixture.
  • powdery plastic is introduced into a solvent with constant stirring so that it dissolves immediately and a coating can be carried out.
  • the C - C alcohols of component A are preferably methanol and / or ethanol, it being preferred for ecological reasons to use methanol and ethanol obtained from vegetable raw materials.
  • the solvent mixture preferably contains the C -C alcohol in an amount of 70 to 98.9% by weight, in particular in an amount of 90 to 98.9% by weight.
  • Acetone and butanone have been found to be particularly suitable as C -Cr. Ketone.
  • the ketone is preferably present in the solvent mixture in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight.
  • benzoic acid and its derivatives i.e. Compounds in which the aromatic ring is substituted.
  • Benzoates are preferably used, denatoniomobenzoate being particularly preferred.
  • Component C is usually contained in the solvent mixture in an amount of 0.01 to 5 ppm.
  • a preferably used polyester amide is made up of aliphatic monomers, in which the proportion by weight of the ester structure is between 30 and 70% and the proportion of the id structure is between 70 and 30%. So that the polymer can be used outdoors, ie also in the sun, the polyesteramide should have a melting point of at least 75 ° C. Polyesteramides such as those described in European patent application EP 0 641 817 have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the average molecular weight (Mw determined by chromatography in n-cresol against standard polystyrene) is from 10,000 to 300,000, preferably 20,000 to 150,000.
  • the polyester amides preferably used can be obtained in a manner known per se, for example by mixing the amide or ester-forming starting components and subsequent polymerization.
  • the synthesis can be carried out either by the "polyamide method” by stoechiometric mixing of the starting components, if appropriate with the addition of water and subsequent removal of water from the reaction mixture, or by the "polyester method” by adding an excess of diol with branching of the acid groups and subsequent esterification or transamidation of these esters.
  • excess glycol is also distilled off in the water.
  • polyesteramides can also be used in which the monomers are distributed as longer segments in the polymer molecule.
  • polyester amides which are preferably used, the following are used as monomers, for example
  • Dialcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, etc. and / or dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and their lower alkyl esters, and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids and lactones, such as Caprolacton etc., and / or amino alcohols such as ethanolamine, propa- nolamine etc., and / or cyclic lactams such as e-caprolactam and laurolactam etc., and / or v-aminocarboxylic acids such as aminocaproic acid etc. and / or mixtures (lil salts) of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, succinic acid etc. and diamines such as hexamethylene diamine, diaminobutane, etc.
  • dicarboxylic acids such
  • hydroxyl- or acid-terminated polyesters with molecular weights between 200 and 10,000 can also be used as the ester-forming component.
  • the polyester amides obtained can further contain 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, of so-called branching agents.
  • branching agents can e.g. trifunctional alcohols such as trimethyolpropane or glycerin, tetrafunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol, trifunctional carboxylic acids such as citric acid.
  • trifunctional alcohols such as trimethyolpropane or glycerin
  • tetrafunctional alcohols such as pentaerythritol
  • trifunctional carboxylic acids such as citric acid.
  • the solvent mixture used according to the invention can contain, in addition to the above-mentioned components A, B and C, further constituents which improve the solubility of the polymers and, if appropriate, stabilize the solution.
  • the mixture can also contain water in an amount of up to 30% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 10% by weight.
  • the films produced according to the invention offer a significantly more widespread application range for biodegradable polyester amides than the pure substances.
  • films can be cast from the solutions. Clear, elastic films are obtained which can be produced in any thickness and can be used, for example, as compostable garbage bags or milk films.
  • the films can contain any fillers, care should be taken to ensure that the compostability of the polymers is not impaired by these additives.
  • fillers are talc, CaSO, for example gypsum, which is obtained during flue gas desulfurization, compost, peat, potting soil etc.
  • the last-mentioned fillers enable the use of biodegradable polymers in agriculture and horticulture.
  • Another possible use of the solution obtained according to the invention is the use for coating substrates of metal, paper, wood, plastic, ceramic and food. It can be used as a protective coating for metal substrates and glass as a protective coating during transport. Furthermore, paper or cardboard can be coated, for example, so that the mechanical properties of cardboard and paper and the resistance to moisture and water are increased, but the paper can be returned to the ecological cycle after use.
  • the coating can take place, for example, in the immersion process, by application with a brush or in the spray process.
  • the foils that are formed can be removed in their entirety in a very short time without leaving any residue.
  • solutions obtained according to the invention is as an adhesive.
  • the solutions in concentrated form are applied to the surfaces or points to be connected, after a short flash-off time, which serves to evaporate the solvent mixture, the surfaces are pressed together.
  • BAK 1095 (commercial product from Bayer AG, Leverkusen) was used as the polymer. BAK 2195 can also be used.
  • Example 2t
  • 300 g of the polymer are placed in a beaker.
  • the solvent mixture is added and the mixture is left in a closed vessel in which a vacuum is drawn for 24 hours without heating until an increase in volume and color change in the plastic are found.
  • the plastic is again covered with solvent and then left to stand for about 24 hours with the beaker closed.
  • BAK 1095 was used as the plastic.
  • BAK 2195 can also be used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la préparation de solutions de plastiques biodégradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques, caractérisé en ce que le polyesteramide aliphatique est introduit dans un mélange de solvants contenant (A) un alcool C1-C4, (B) une cétone C1-C6 et/ou (C) un acide carboxylique aromatique ou bien un sel de celui-ci. Les solutions obtenues conviennent pour la fabrication de films, pour l'enduction de substrats et comme adhésifs.
EP97942881A 1996-09-11 1997-08-27 Procede pour la preparation de solutions de plastiques biodegradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques Ceased EP0925323A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19636984 1996-09-11
DE19636984 1996-09-12
DE19640032 1996-09-27
DE19640032A DE19640032A1 (de) 1996-09-11 1996-09-27 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Lösungen biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoffe, insbesondere aliphatischer Polyesteramide
PCT/EP1997/004662 WO1998011153A1 (fr) 1996-09-11 1997-08-27 Procede pour la preparation de solutions de plastiques biodegradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0925323A1 true EP0925323A1 (fr) 1999-06-30

Family

ID=26029270

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97942881A Ceased EP0925323A1 (fr) 1996-09-11 1997-08-27 Procede pour la preparation de solutions de plastiques biodegradables, notamment de polyesteramides aliphatiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0925323A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4455997A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998011153A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SK69995A3 (en) * 1992-12-04 1995-12-06 Franz Haas Waffelmaschienen In Process for producing biodegradable thin-walled starch-based moldings
DE4327024A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-16 Bayer Ag Thermoplastisch verarbeitbare und biologisch abbaubare aliphatische Polyesteramide
CA2171498A1 (fr) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-10 Takashi Higashi Resines de copolymeres aliphatiques d'ester-amide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9811153A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4455997A (en) 1998-04-02
WO1998011153A1 (fr) 1998-03-19

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