EP0922510B1 - Method and device for forming a tube in a tube plate - Google Patents
Method and device for forming a tube in a tube plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0922510B1 EP0922510B1 EP97810965A EP97810965A EP0922510B1 EP 0922510 B1 EP0922510 B1 EP 0922510B1 EP 97810965 A EP97810965 A EP 97810965A EP 97810965 A EP97810965 A EP 97810965A EP 0922510 B1 EP0922510 B1 EP 0922510B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- pipe
- mandrel
- hydraulic
- widening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/08—Tube expanders
- B21D39/20—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable
- B21D39/203—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable expandable by fluid or elastic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49364—Tube joined to flat sheet longitudinally, i.e., tube sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for producing pipes a heat exchanger, in particular a preheater in a power plant, wherein the pipes are rolled hydraulically into a tube sheet and a rounded one Pipe inlet are formed.
- the hydraulic Rolling method as used, for example, by Teco tube expanders company in Wuppertal, DE is used instead of the mechanical expansion hydraulic expansion of the pipe. This allows, regardless of Pipe material, a problem-free expansion and the attachment of the pipe over the entire tube sheet depth, reducing the resulting strength of the connection is increased. Furthermore, the hydraulic expansion allows for the entire Tube sheet depth the use of thinner and less expensive tube sheets, as the tube wall thickness as a load-bearing part in such an expansion Tube sheet can be taken into account.
- inserts are trumpet-shaped structures which are fixed to the pipe inlet by pipe widening and project slightly beyond the surface of the pipe base.
- the trumpet shape of the inlet piece of the tube is also known under the term "bellmouth inlet”.
- the round shape of the inserts favors the flow inlet by reducing the radial velocity gradients at the transition from the water chamber to the pipe and the shear forces on the inner wall of the pipe.
- the resistance values of the flow inlet in such a pipe inlet are discussed, for example, in IE Idelchick, Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance, p. 126, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag (1986).
- a low resistance value on the one hand reduces the inlet pressure loss, on the other hand protects the oxide layer of the pipe and generally reduces the erosion and corrosion of the pipe.
- the pipe inlet pieces are each made of erosion and corrosion resistant materials.
- the inserts also have the advantage that they protrude a multiple of the tube outer diameter over the tube sheet surface and a "water cushion" is formed in the area of the inlet field, which greatly reduces erosion of the tube sheet.
- the expansion of the pipe results from hydraulic pressure in the zone mentioned.
- the ends of the zone are also arranged elastomeric rings, which are by the axial hydraulic Apply a radial force to the pipe and deform it.
- the end the tube end protruding tube end is thereby expanded in a funnel shape, with the other side of the tube sheet, the tube is bulged, which means that the tube on both sides is anchored in the tube sheet.
- this object is achieved by a hydraulic rolling process for Pipes loosened in the tube sheets of a heat exchanger, in which the hydraulic Widening of the pipes and the formation of pipe inlet pieces from the pipes can be summarized in a single operation.
- the pipes of a heat exchanger through the holes in one Tube bottom and cut at the end of the influence with an excess length, the one Is several times the outside diameter of a pipe.
- the mandrel of a hydraulic Expanding machine inserted into the entire depth of the tube sheet.
- a hydraulic pressure expands the pipe until it reaches the whole Inner wall of the hole adheres.
- the tube end, the crimping head of the Tube hydraulically pressure-molded in the direction of the tube sheet until the tube end is one predetermined rounded shape reached.
- a first advantage of the procedure lies in the fact that the expansion as well as the education of the inlet piece in a short working time and therefore carried out inexpensively becomes.
- the time required for the entire process is only 8-10 seconds, which is due to the fact that the process is purely hydraulic with no further Pieces of material is carried out and a milling back of the pipe ends as well There is no need to insert and fasten separate inserts.
- a second advantage lies in the use of the same pipe for the manufacture of the pipe inlet piece. On the one hand, no additional, prefabricated pipe inlet piece is necessary, on the other hand there is no seam and therefore no flow stumbling point which should be carefully rounded off. By completely avoiding one The interface between the pipe inlet piece and the pipe is the risk of cracking cracks and resulting corrosion also avoided.
- the device for performing the method according to claim 2 consists of a device for hydraulic expansion of a pipe with a mandrel, which is in the pipe is introduced and the one sealable pressure chamber and several channels for Filling a pressure fluid has.
- the device has a further shaping device that is set back somewhat from the end of the mandrel and is arranged outside the pipe end and externally the rounded to be formed Has shape of the pipe inlet piece.
- the molding device in turn contains one sealable pressure chamber with a filling channel for the hydraulic fluid which moves the molding device and the tube end into the predetermined shape is pressed.
- the method for manufacturing the tube in a tube sheet is described using the following device.
- 1 shows a tube sheet 1 with a bore 2 into which a tube 3 is guided.
- the device for manufacturing the tube 3 has a mandrel 4 with a central filling channel 5, which leads from a liquid container (not shown), and three side channels 6 for the hydraulic liquid.
- the central side channel 6 leads from the central channel 5 into a narrow cavity 7, which is delimited by the dome 4 and the inner wall of the tube 3.
- the two outer channels 6 each lead to an O-ring 8, which seals the cavity 7 between the mandrel 4 and the inner tube wall 9.
- a shaping device 11 is arranged on the mandrel 4, which slides on the mandrel 4.
- a channel 13 leads from a liquid container (not shown) to a cavity 14 for the hydraulic liquid.
- the cavity 13 is in turn sealed airtight by O-rings 15 and a surrounding housing 16.
- the mandrel 4 also has a stop 17 which limits the free movement of the shaping device 11 in the direction of the tube sheet 1.
- a return spring 18 is arranged between a further stop 19 and the O-rings 15 and determines the rest position of the shaping device 11 in its relaxed state.
- the tube 3 is first passed through the bore 2 to such an extent that a piece of tube projects beyond the surface 20 of the tube sheet 1.
- the tube is then cut to an excess length of two to four times the outer tube diameter.
- the mandrel 4 of the expansion device is inserted into the entire depth of the tube sheet 1.
- the cavities of the system are filled with liquid and pressurized, that is to say the central channel 5, the three side channels 6 and the cavity 7, which is delimited by the mandrel 4, the O-rings 8 and the inner tube wall becomes.
- the O-rings 8 are spread so that they close the cavity 7 airtight.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Fertigung von Rohren eines Wärmeübertragers, insbesondere eines Vorwärmers in einem Kraftwerk, wobei die Rohre in einem Rohrboden hydraulisch eingewalzt und ein abgerundeter Rohreinlauf gebildet werden.The invention relates to a method and a device for producing pipes a heat exchanger, in particular a preheater in a power plant, wherein the pipes are rolled hydraulically into a tube sheet and a rounded one Pipe inlet are formed.
Bei Wärmeübertragern in Kraftwerken werden die mit Wasser durchflossenen Rohre mittels Einwalzungstechniken in Rohrböden fixiert. Hierfür wird zunächst ein Rohr in eine Bohrung eines Rohrbodens plaziert und sodann der Dorn der Walzmaschine in das Rohr eingeführt , welcher das Rohr plastisch so aufweitet, dass dieses an Innenwand der Bohrung haftet. Durch die Einwalzung wird das Rohr in der Regel durch die Haftkräfte zwischen der Bohrungswand und der Rohraussenwand fixiert und abgedichtet. Die Dichtheit der Verbindung zwischen Rohr und Rohrboden wird durch Schweissen verbessert, wobei die Schweissnaht lediglich als Dichtnaht dient und zu den Haftkräften nicht beiträgt. Man unterscheidet heute zwischen mechanischer und hydraulischer Einwalztechnik. Die mechanische Einwalzung erstreckt sich dabei typischerweise über eine Tiefe von 20 bis 30 mm, welche zumeist kleiner ist als die des Rohrbodens. Ein Einwalzen über die gesamte Rohrbodentiefe ist mit dieser Methode zwar möglich, erweist sich jedoch als zeitaufwendig und bei den einen Rohrmaterialien als schwierig. Die hydraulische Walzmethode, wie sie zum Beispiel von der Firma Teco tube expanders company in Wuppertal, DE durchgeführt wird, verwendet anstelle der mechanischen Aufweitung des Rohres eine hydraulische Aufweitung. Diese erlaubt, unabhängig vom Rohrmaterial, eine problemlose Aufweitung und die Befestigung des Rohres über die gesamte Rohrbodentiefe, wodurch die resultierende Festigkeit der Verbindung erhöht ist. Ferner erlaubt die hydraulische Aufweitung über die gesamte Rohrbodentiefe die Verwendung von dünneren und kostengünstigeren Rohrböden, da durch eine solche Aufweitung die Rohrwanddicke als tragender Teil im Rohrboden berücksichtigt werden kann.In heat exchangers in power plants, the pipes through which water flows fixed in tube sheets using rolling techniques. For this, a pipe is first put in placed a hole in a tube sheet and then the mandrel of the rolling machine in inserted the tube, which plastically expands the tube so that it Inner wall of the hole adheres. The pipe is usually rolled in fixed by the adhesive forces between the bore wall and the pipe outer wall and sealed. The tightness of the connection between the tube and the tube sheet is improved by welding, the weld seam only serving as a sealing seam and does not contribute to the detention forces. One differentiates between today mechanical and hydraulic rolling technology. Mechanical rolling typically extends over a depth of 20 to 30 mm, which is usually smaller than that of the tube sheet. Rolling in over the whole Pipe bottom depth is possible with this method, but proves to be time-consuming and difficult for some pipe materials. The hydraulic Rolling method, as used, for example, by Teco tube expanders company in Wuppertal, DE is used instead of the mechanical expansion hydraulic expansion of the pipe. This allows, regardless of Pipe material, a problem-free expansion and the attachment of the pipe over the entire tube sheet depth, reducing the resulting strength of the connection is increased. Furthermore, the hydraulic expansion allows for the entire Tube sheet depth the use of thinner and less expensive tube sheets, as the tube wall thickness as a load-bearing part in such an expansion Tube sheet can be taken into account.
Bei Vorwärmern in Kraftwerken, insbesondere bei Hochdruckvorwärmern, ereignen
sich relativ häufig Schäden durch Erosion am Rohreinlauf. Solche Schäden werden
erfolgreich durch sogenannte Inserts (Einschübe) behoben. Diese Inserts, wie
beispielsweise in der Britischen Patentschrift 1,141,239 beschrieben, sind
trompetenförmige Gebilde, die am Rohreinlauf durch Rohraufweitung fixiert werden
und über die Fläche des Rohrbodens leicht hinausragen. Die Trompetenform des
Einlaufstückes des Rohres ist auch unter dem Begriff "bellmouth inlet" bekannt. Die
runde Form der Inserts begünstigt den Strömungseinlauf, indem die radialen
Geschwindigkeitgradienten am Übergang von der Wasserkammer zum Rohr sowie
die Scherkräfte an der Rohrinnenwand reduziert werden. Die Widerstandswerte des
Strömungseinlaufs bei einem derartigen Rohreinlauf sind zum Beispiel in I.E.
Idelchick, Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance, S. 126, 2. Edition, Springer Verlag
(1986) diskutiert. Ein niedriger Widerstandswert bewirkt einerseits eine Reduzierung
des Einlaufdruckverlusts, andererseits eine Schonung der Oxidschicht des Rohres
und eine allgemeine Reduktion der Erosion und Korrosion des Rohres. Zusätzlich
sind die Rohreinlaufstücke jeweils aus erosions- und korrosionsresistenten
Werkstoffen gefertigt.
Die Inserts erbringen ferner den Vorteil, indem sie um ein Mehrfaches des
Rohraussendurchmessers über die Rohrbodenfläche herausragen und sich im
Bereich des Einlauffeldes ein "Wasserpolster" bildet, das eine Erosion des
Rohrbodens stark vermindert.With preheaters in power plants, especially with high pressure preheaters, damage by erosion at the pipe inlet occurs relatively often. Such damage is successfully remedied by so-called inserts. These inserts, as described, for example, in British Patent 1,141,239, are trumpet-shaped structures which are fixed to the pipe inlet by pipe widening and project slightly beyond the surface of the pipe base. The trumpet shape of the inlet piece of the tube is also known under the term "bellmouth inlet". The round shape of the inserts favors the flow inlet by reducing the radial velocity gradients at the transition from the water chamber to the pipe and the shear forces on the inner wall of the pipe. The resistance values of the flow inlet in such a pipe inlet are discussed, for example, in IE Idelchick, Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance, p. 126, 2nd edition, Springer Verlag (1986). A low resistance value on the one hand reduces the inlet pressure loss, on the other hand protects the oxide layer of the pipe and generally reduces the erosion and corrosion of the pipe. In addition, the pipe inlet pieces are each made of erosion and corrosion resistant materials.
The inserts also have the advantage that they protrude a multiple of the tube outer diameter over the tube sheet surface and a "water cushion" is formed in the area of the inlet field, which greatly reduces erosion of the tube sheet.
Nachteilig bei solchen Inserts ist jedoch, dass sich infolge der Einwalzung im Bereich der Einwalzstelle an der Nahtstelle zwischen Insert und Rohr eine Strömungsstolperstelle bildet, welche das Risiko von Spaltrissen und an diesen sich bildender Korrosion erhöht. Letztlich werden durch die nachträgliche Befestigung von Inserts zusätzliche Kosten verursacht.A disadvantage of such inserts, however, is that the area is rolled up as a result of the rolling in the rolling point at the interface between insert and tube one Flow stumbling point, which forms the risk of cracking cracks and on them forming corrosion increased. Ultimately, the subsequent attachment of Inserts caused additional costs.
In der US 4,761,981 (nächstliegender Stand der Technik) ist ein hydraulisches Verfahren zur Aufweitung und Verankerung eines Rohres in einem Rohrboden offenbart. Dort wird ein Dorn in einem Rohr positioniert, das in den Rohrboden eingeführt worden ist. Durch zwei O-Ringe am Dorn wird eine Druckzone im Bereich des Rohrbodens definiert.In US 4,761,981 (closest prior art) is a hydraulic method for expanding and anchoring a Tube disclosed in a tube sheet. There, a mandrel is positioned in a tube, which in the tube sheet has been introduced. Two pressure rings on the mandrel create a pressure zone in the Area of the tube sheet defined.
Die Aufweitung des Rohres ergibt sich durch hydraulischen Druck in der erwähnten Zone. An den Enden der Zone sind ferner elastomere Ringe angeordnet, welche durch den axialen hydraulischen Druck eine radiale Kraft auf das Rohr ausüben und dieses verformen. Das aus dem Rohrboden herausragende Rohrende wird dadurch trichterförmig aufgeweitet, wobei an der anderen Rohrbodenseite das Rohr eine Ausbauchung erhält, wodurch das Rohr beidseitig im Rohrboden verankert ist.The expansion of the pipe results from hydraulic pressure in the zone mentioned. On The ends of the zone are also arranged elastomeric rings, which are by the axial hydraulic Apply a radial force to the pipe and deform it. The end the tube end protruding tube end is thereby expanded in a funnel shape, with the other side of the tube sheet, the tube is bulged, which means that the tube on both sides is anchored in the tube sheet.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Fertigung
von hydraulisch eingewalzten Rohren in Rohrböden mit einem gerundeten
Einlaufrohrstück ausgehend vom Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 2 (vgl. US 4761981) zu schaffen, bei der das Einwalzen des Rohres in den Rohrboden
und die Herstellung des Rohreinlaufstückes in einem verkürzten und deshalb
kostengünstigeren Arbeitsgang vollführt wird und durch die Strömungsstolperstellen
vermieden und das Risiko von Spaltrisskorrosion minimiert wird.It is the object of the invention, a method and a device for manufacturing
of hydraulically rolled tubes in tube sheets with a rounded
Inlet pipe piece starting from the preamble of
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein hydraulisches Einwalzverfahren für Rohre in Rohrböden eines Wärmeübertragers gelöst, bei dem die hydraulische Aufweitung der Rohre und die Bildung von Rohreinlaufstücken aus den Rohren selbst in einen einzigen Arbeitsgang zusammengefasst werden. Hierzu werden zunächst die Rohre eines Wärmeübertragers durch die Bohrungen eines Rohrbodens geführt und am Einflussende mit einer Überlänge abgeschnitten, die ein Mehrfaches des Aussendurchmessers eines Rohres beträgt. Zwecks der hydraulischen Aufweitung eines Rohres wird sodann der Dorn einer hydraulischen Aufweitmaschine in die gesamte Tiefe des Rohrbodens eingeführt. Durch Abgabe eines hydraulischen Drucks wird das Rohr aufgeweitet bis es an der gesamten Innenwand der Bohrung haftet. Danach wird das Rohrende, der Bördelkopf des Rohres, hydraulisch in Richtung Rohrboden druckgeformt bis das Rohrende eine vorbestimmte gerundete Form erreicht. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a hydraulic rolling process for Pipes loosened in the tube sheets of a heat exchanger, in which the hydraulic Widening of the pipes and the formation of pipe inlet pieces from the pipes can be summarized in a single operation. To do this first the pipes of a heat exchanger through the holes in one Tube bottom and cut at the end of the influence with an excess length, the one Is several times the outside diameter of a pipe. In order to hydraulic expansion of a pipe is then the mandrel of a hydraulic Expanding machine inserted into the entire depth of the tube sheet. By donation A hydraulic pressure expands the pipe until it reaches the whole Inner wall of the hole adheres. Then the tube end, the crimping head of the Tube, hydraulically pressure-molded in the direction of the tube sheet until the tube end is one predetermined rounded shape reached.
Ein erster Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt darin, dass die Aufweitung sowie die Bildung des Einlaufstücks in einer kurzen Arbeitszeit und daher kostengünstig durchgeführt wird. Die für das gesamte Verfahren notwendige Zeit beträgt nur 8-10 Sekunden, was darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass das Verfahren rein hydraulisch ohne weitere Materialstücke durchgeführt wird und ein Zurückfräsen der Rohrenden sowie das Einführen und Befestigen von separaten Inserts entfällt. Ein zweiter Vorteil liegt in der Verwendung desselben Rohres für die Herstellung des Rohreinlaufstückes. Einerseits ist kein zusätzliches, vorgefertigtes Rohreinlaufstück notwendig, andererseits ergibt sich keine Naht und daher keine Strömungsstolperstelle, welche sorgfältig abgerundet werden müsste. Durch die vollständige Vermeidung einer Nahtstelle zwischen Rohreinlaufstück und Rohr ist das Risiko von Spaltrissen und daraus resultierender Korrosion ebenfalls vermieden.A first advantage of the procedure lies in the fact that the expansion as well as the education of the inlet piece in a short working time and therefore carried out inexpensively becomes. The time required for the entire process is only 8-10 seconds, which is due to the fact that the process is purely hydraulic with no further Pieces of material is carried out and a milling back of the pipe ends as well There is no need to insert and fasten separate inserts. A second advantage lies in the use of the same pipe for the manufacture of the pipe inlet piece. On the one hand, no additional, prefabricated pipe inlet piece is necessary, on the other hand there is no seam and therefore no flow stumbling point which should be carefully rounded off. By completely avoiding one The interface between the pipe inlet piece and the pipe is the risk of cracking cracks and resulting corrosion also avoided.
Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 2 besteht aus einer Vorrichtung zur
hydraulischen Aufweitung eines Rohres mit einem Dorn, welcher in das Rohr
eingeführt wird und der einen abdichtbaren Druckraum und mehrere Kanäle zum
Einfüllen einer Druckflüssigkeit aufweist. Die Vorrichtung weist eine
weitere Formvorrichtung auf, die vom Dornende etwas zurückversetzt und
ausserhalb des Rohrendes angeordnet ist und äusserlich die zu bildende gerundete
Form des Rohreinlaufstückes besitzt. Die Formvorrichtung enthält wiederum einen
abdichtbaren Druckraum mit einem Auffüllkanal für die Druckflüssigkeit, durch
welche die Formvorrichtung bewegt und das Rohrende in die vorbestimmte Form
gedrückt wird.The device for performing the method according to
Es zeigen:
Das Verfahren zur Fertigung des Rohres in einem Rohrboden wird anhand der
folgenden Vorrichtung beschrieben.
In der Figur 1 ist ein Rohrboden 1 gezeigt mit einer Bohrung 2, in die ein Rohr 3
geführt ist. Die Vorrichtung zur Fertigung des Rohres 3 weist einen Dorn 4 auf mit
einem zentralen Auffüllkanal 5, der von einem nicht eingezeichneten
Flüssigkeitsbehälter herführt, und drei Seitenkanälen 6 für die hydraulische
Flüssigkeit. Der mittlere Seitenkanal 6 führt vom zentralen Kanal 5 in einen schmalen
Hohlraum 7, der durch den Dom 4 und die Innenwand des Rohres 3 begrenzt wird.
Die beiden äusseren Kanäle 6 führen je zu einem O-Ring 8, welche den Hohlraum 7
zwischen dem Dorn 4 und der Rohrinnenwand 9 abdichtet. Unmittelbar ausserhalb
des Rohrendes 10 ist auf dem Dorn 4 eine Formvorrichtung 11 angeordnet, die auf
dem Dorn 4 gleitet. Sie weist auf der dem Rohrende 10 zugewandten Seite eine
geschwungene Form 12 auf, welche jene Form besitzt, die für die Innenseite des
Rohreinlaufs gewünscht ist. Ein Kanal 13 führt vom einem nicht eingezeichneten
Flüssigkeitsbehälter zu einem Hohlraum 14 für die hydraulische Flüssigkeit. Der
Hohlraum 13 wird wiederum durch O-Ringe 15 und ein umgebendes Gehäuse 16
luftdicht abgeschlossen. Der Dorn 4 weist ferner einen Anschlag 17 auf, welche die
freie Bewegung der Formvorrichtung 11 in Richtung des Rohrbodens 1 begrenzt.
Eine Rückstellfeder 18 ist zwischen einem weiteren Anschlag 19 und den O-Ringen
15 angeordnet und bestimmt in ihrem entspannten Zustand die Ruheposition der
Formvorrichtung 11.
Im Verfahren zur Befestigung des Rohres 3 in der Bohrung 2 und zur Fertigung des
Rohreinlaufs wird zuerst das Rohr 3 durch die Bohrung 2 so weit hindurch geführt,
dass ein Rohrstück über die Fläche 20 des Rohrbodens 1 hinausragt. Das Rohr wird
sodann mit einer Überlänge vom zwei- bis vierfachen Rohraussendurchmessers
abgeschnitten. Der Dorn 4 der Aufweitungsvorrichtung wird in die gesamte Tiefe des
Rohrbodens 1 eingeführt. Zur hydraulischen Aufweitung des Rohres 3 werden die
Hohlräume des Systems mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt und unter Druck gesetzt, d.h. also der
zentrale Kanal 5, die drei Seitenkanäle 6 und der Hohlraum 7, der durch den Dorn 4,
die O-Ringe 8 und die Rohrinnenwand begrenzt wird. Die O-Ringe 8 werden dabei
gespreizt, sodass sie den Hohlraum 7 luftdicht abschliessen. Sobald das Rohr 3
aufgeweitet worden ist und in der Bohrung 2 haftet, erfolgt ein zweiter Druckaufbau
im Hohlraum 14 der Formvorrichtung 11. Der Druck bewirkt eine Schiebung jenes Teils
der Formvorrichtung 11 mit der geschwungenen Form 12 bis zum Anschlag 17, wobei der Bördelkopf, das Rohrende 10 in
Richtung Rohrboden gedrückt wird. Das Rohrende erhält dabei die Trompetenform
gemäss der geschwungenen Form 12. Nach Abklingen des hydraulischen Drucks
kehrt die Formvorrichtung durch Wirkung der Rückstellfeder 18 wieder in ihre
Ausgangsposition zurück. Figur 2 zeigt den vollendeten abgerundeten
trompetenförmigen Rohreinlauf mit der Vorrichtung 11 am Anschlag 17. Der
Arbeitsvorgang dauert insgesamt ca. 8-10 Sekunden.
Der Krümmungsradius der Trompetenform des gebildeten Rohreinlaufstückes
beträgt vorzugsweise ca. zehn Prozent des Innendurchmessers des Rohres.
Gemäss den Berechnungen von Idelchick führt eine solche Krümmung des
Rohreinlaufs zu einem Widerstandswert für die Einlaufströmung, der ca. vier mal
kleiner ist als der eines Rohres mit scharfen Kanten.
Nach Vollführung der Aufweitung des Rohres und Bildung der Trompetenform
werden die Kanten jedes Rohreinlaufs in einer Nachbearbeitung entgratet, um von
den Kanten ausgehende Wirbelströme zu minimieren. The method for manufacturing the tube in a tube sheet is described using the following device.
1 shows a
In the method for fastening the
The radius of curvature of the trumpet shape of the tube inlet piece formed is preferably approximately ten percent of the inner diameter of the tube. According to Idelchick's calculations, such a bend in the pipe inlet leads to a resistance value for the inlet flow that is approximately four times smaller than that of a pipe with sharp edges.
After completion of the expansion of the pipe and formation of the trumpet shape, the edges of each pipe inlet are deburred in a post-processing in order to minimize eddy currents emanating from the edges.
- 11
- RohrbodenTube sheet
- 22nd
- Bohrungdrilling
- 33rd
- Rohrpipe
- 44th
- Dornmandrel
- 55
- zentraler Auffüllkanalcentral filling channel
- 66
- SeitenkanalSide channel
- 77
- Hohlraumcavity
- 88th
- O-RingO-ring
- 99
- RohrinnenwandInner pipe wall
- 1010th
- RohrendePipe end
- 1111
- FormvorrichtungMolding device
- 1212th
- geschwungene Formcurved shape
- 1313
- Kanalchannel
- 1414
- Hohlraumcavity
- 1515
- O-RingO-ring
- 1616
- Gehäusecasing
- 1717th
- Anschlagattack
- 1818th
- RückstellfederReturn spring
- 1919th
- Anschlagattack
- 2020th
- Flächearea
Claims (3)
- Method for hydraulically widening tubes (3) in bores (2) in tube plates (1) of a heat exchanger by means of a hydraulic device, and for producing tube inlets, the hydraulic widening of the tubes and the production of the tube inlets being carried out in a single work operation, by the tubes (3) being guided through the bores (2) of the tube plate (1), being cut off at their inflow ends with an excess length and being hydraulically widened over the entire depth of the bores (2), and the tube inlets being formed by means of the same hydraulic device from the ends (10) of the same tubes (3) projecting above the tube plate (1),
characterized in that after widening the tubes (3) over the entire depth of the bores (2) of the tube plate (1), the tube ends (10) are shaped by pressing in the direction of the tube plate (1) on the same hydraulic device for widening the tubes (3) by means of a hydraulic shaping device (11) so that the tube ends (10) achieve a predetermined, rounded shape. - Device for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, having a mandrel (4) for inserting into the tube (3), and ducts (5, 6) for filling up with a liquid for the purpose of hydraulically widening the tube, there being a sealable cavity (7) between the mandrel (4) and the tube (3) after insertion of the mandrel (4) into the tube (3), characterized in that the device for hydraulically widening the tube (3) has a further hydraulic shaping device (11) for forming rounded tube inlets which is arranged on the mandrel (4) of the device outside the tube end (10), the shaping device (11) having sealable cavities (14) and ducts (13) for filling up the cavities (14) with liquid, and in that the shaping device (11) has a part with a swept-back shape (12), which part can slide on the mandrel (4), the swept-back shape (12) corresponding to that of the inside of the tube inlet to be formed.
- Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the swept-back shape (12) has a radius of curvature which is more than four per cent of the inside diameter of the tube (3).
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97810965A EP0922510B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | Method and device for forming a tube in a tube plate |
| DE59704471T DE59704471D1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | Method and device for manufacturing a tube in a tube sheet |
| JP10347375A JPH11244964A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1998-12-07 | Method and device for manufacturing tube in tube plate |
| US09/206,321 US5992198A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1998-12-07 | Method and device for producing a tube in a tube plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97810965A EP0922510B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | Method and device for forming a tube in a tube plate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0922510A1 EP0922510A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| EP0922510B1 true EP0922510B1 (en) | 2001-08-29 |
Family
ID=8230515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97810965A Expired - Lifetime EP0922510B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1997-12-10 | Method and device for forming a tube in a tube plate |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5992198A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0922510B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11244964A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59704471D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107262616A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | The exchanger tubes and tubesheets only swollen Joining Technology not welded is welded on Heat Exchanger of Nuclear Power Plant |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7641698A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-18 | Industria Scambiatori Calore S.P.A. | Process for making a fluid-tight connection betweeen a tube and a plate-shaped part |
| GB2376431A (en) * | 2001-06-16 | 2002-12-18 | Seco Aluminium Ltd | Manufacture of aluminium based heat transfer panels |
| US8839846B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2014-09-23 | Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation | Mechanical joint for CuZnFe alloy heat exchanger and method |
| CN102672038B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-12-10 | 枣庄福源印染机械有限公司 | Cylindrical pipe flanging die |
| CN103286178B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-01-13 | 芜湖众力底盘系统有限公司 | A kind of method of sleeve pipe Quick flanging |
| FR3069614B1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-05-29 | Akwel Sweden Ab | THIN WALL PIPE AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURE |
| CN109482752A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-19 | 保隆(安徽)汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of formation of tubes disconnecting device |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1141239A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1969-01-29 | Charles B Maretzo | Insert constructions for tubes of heat exchangers and condensers |
| FR1527073A (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1968-05-31 | Expandable flexible dudgeon | |
| CH592840A5 (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-11-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US4387507A (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1983-06-14 | Haskel Engineering & Supply Co. | Method and apparatus for radially expanding tubes |
| US4502308A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1985-03-05 | Haskel, Inc. | Swaging apparatus having elastically deformable members with segmented supports |
| US4802273A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1989-02-07 | Cockerill Mechanical Industries | Hydraulic expansion tool for tubular element |
| US4694677A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-22 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Elongated tube expander tool |
| US4967468A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1990-11-06 | Torque And Tension Equipment Inc. | Apparatus for fixing boiler tubes during replacement of same |
| US4761981A (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-08-09 | Haskel, Inc. | Swaging apparatus for flaring and anchoring tubes |
| US5062199A (en) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-11-05 | Haskel, Inc. | Apparatus for radially expanding and anchoring sleeves within tubes |
| JPH07124671A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-05-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Hydraulic tube expanding device for heat exchanger |
-
1997
- 1997-12-10 EP EP97810965A patent/EP0922510B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-10 DE DE59704471T patent/DE59704471D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-07 US US09/206,321 patent/US5992198A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-07 JP JP10347375A patent/JPH11244964A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107262616A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | The exchanger tubes and tubesheets only swollen Joining Technology not welded is welded on Heat Exchanger of Nuclear Power Plant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59704471D1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| US5992198A (en) | 1999-11-30 |
| JPH11244964A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
| EP0922510A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
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