Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
  • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8611—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf
  • E04B2/8617—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf with spacers being embedded in both form leaves
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
  • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel hollow building blocks, in general, and in particular, to their use in the construction of bomb-blast and gas permeably resistant walls.
• bomb shelters are steel reinforced concrete structures, usually built at ground or below- ground level, having especially thickened and reinforced concrete walls.
• a disadvantage of conventional bomb shelters is, however, that as they are located at or below ground level, they are particularly susceptible to chemical attack, as the chemicals normally used may have a density greater than that of air, and they thus accumulate in low places close to ground level. This problem was faced by authorities in Israel during the Gulf War of 1990-1991, when it was necessary to advise civilian populations how best to take cover when under missile attack, as it was suspected that the missiles carried chemical warheads.
• USP 4,167,840 to Ivany discloses improving the refinforcement of hollow-concrete-block masonry walls with vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars while pouring concrete into the hollow voids of the blocks.
• the wall thus becomes a solid reinforced wall with the wall surfaces being of concrete masonry.
• French Patent No. 2,612,971 describes a well-known DURISOL® building block made from wood concrete' , which is essentially a mixture of treated wood shavings and concrete. As indicated in an article by Ralph Ironman, entitled “Wood Concrete Branches Out", published in the August 1988 edition of CONCRETE PRODUCTS, these wood concrete building blocks are known to be lightweight, have thermal and acoustic insulation properties, fire retardant, frost resistant and rot-proof and are used to impart one or more of these specific properties to structures built with them.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,371,968 to Obino discloses a formwork component for the formation of shuttering for use in concrete construction the framework comprising parallel hardened foamed plastic panels such as from polystyrene and polyurethane connected by vertical rigid metal cross members embedded in the panels.
• the framework of this patent does not provide any energy absorbing properties and therefore is unsuitable for a blast resistant wall construction.
• the framework is manufactured as a complete unit and each such unit occupies substantial space during storing and shipping.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight, easy-to-erect wall construction having blast resistance and gas impermeable properties, and which substantially maintains its structural integrity in the face of a bomb blast.
• a lightweight hollow building block for constructing a blast resistant and gas impermeable barrier wall comprising oppositely disposed spaced apart walls connected by bridging elements forming interconnected horizontal and vertical voids characterized in that the walls are formed of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete having a density of no more than approximately 1 ton per cubic meter and bridging elements that are gas impermeable.
• the gas impermeable bridging element may comprise metal or other rigid gas impermeable plates or bars permanently embedded in the opposite parallel walls, or rods journaled through holes in the walls and capped on the exterior side of the walls. Such caps may be nuts, threaded onto terminal ends of the metal rod spacers.
• a bomb blast and gas impermeable barrier wall and a method of constructing such a wall by using the above blocks so as to impart blast and gas resistance to the wall.
• the barrier wall comprises a construction of lightweight hollow building blocks placed in direct contact on top of and next to one another, said blocks having formed therein interconnected vertical and horizontal voids and an interconnected core of vertical and horizontal steel reinforced concrete beams disposed in said voids, characterized in that said hollow blocks have oppositely disposed walls formed of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete having a density of no more than approximately 1 ton per cubic meter, said oppositely disposed walls being connected by gas impermeable bridging elements, said construction providing energy absorption to resist forces resulting from an explosive blast and prevent permeation of gases therethrough.
• the method of constructing such a wall includes the following steps: assembling in a wall arrangement a plurality of the above hollow blocks, so as to place the blocks in direct contact on top of and next to one another such that the vertical and horizontal voids of adjacent blocks are interconnecting; and forming an integral web of concrete and steel reinforcement in the interconnecting vertical and horizontal voids, forming a composite wall construction of the hollow blocks and reinforced concrete which impart to the composite wall construction the ability to substantially retain its structural integrity in the presence of blast forces of a magnitude sufficient to destroy a block and reinforced concrete wall employing conventional hollow masonry blocks and also provides gas impermeability.
• the method includes the additional step of embedding the steel reinforcement extending beyond the wall in the reinforced concrete structure, thereby to attach the composite wall construction to the reinforced concrete structure so as to protect the selected portion of the reinforced concrete structure from blast forces.
• Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a protective wall constructed in accordance with this invention
• Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are respectively a perspective, top and end view of one embodiment of a wood concrete block according to this invention.
• Figures 3a, 3b and 3c are respectively perspective, top and end view of another embodiment of a wood-concrete block in accordance with this invention.
• Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the front of the wall of Figure 1;
• Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the top of the wall of Figure 1.
• FIG 1 there is shown a composite wall construction 1 formed of an assembly of building blocks 2 which are made of a mixture of mineralized wood shaving and concrete as illustrated in Figures 2a-2c and 3a-3c and an integral web of reinforced concrete extending within the block assembly. This is described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 4 and 5.
• the hollow building blocks shown in Figures 2a-2c and 3a-3c are composed of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, as discussed later on. These blocks are lightweight, having a density of approxia tely 0.9 tons per cubic meter, as opposed to approximately 2.4 tons per cubic meter for conventional masonry blocks. They also have desirable characteristics with respect to fire resistance, sound absorption, thermal insulation and gas and radiation impermeability.
• walls can be constructed in accordance with this invention as internal double walls in existing buildings, thus making it possible to provide blast and gas shelters in every apartment on every floor by merely constructing such walls up against any outside wall in any room.
• barrier walls constructed with the blocks of this invention is that there is no possibility for bullets or fragments to penetrate the wall, since there are no "soft" bridges through which bullets can penetrate, as is the case with conventional Durisol ® blocks.
• the illustrated wall is typically constructed within a frame 3 of reinforced concrete.
• the surface finish on the blocks 2 is naturally decorative enough to be suitable for the interior of an apartment, without requiring further finishing.
• the wall consists of blocks 2 placed on top of one another 4 and next to each other 5 without any spaces left between blocks, thus not requiring any caulking or grouting which would detract from the attractive natural surface of the wall.
• the blocks 2 are composed, as stated above, of a mixture of mineralized wood shaving and concrete, and they have been found to have a high energy absorption capability. They may have very good characteristics with respect to fire resistance, sound absorption, thermal insulation and gas impermeability.
• FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the basic building blocks suitable for the construction of wall 1.
• the block 10 is comprised of two parallel walls 12 and 14 made of mineralized wood shaving-concrete which are connected by metal plate bridging elements 16.
• the bridging elements 16 form partitions between walls 12 and 14. Elements 16 do not bridge the walls 12 and 14 along their entire height, but rather leave spaces between the top 6 and bottom 8 of bridge 16 (see Figure 2c) and the top 17 and bottom 18 of the walls 12 and 14 respectively, so that reinforcing rods (not shown) can be placed therein.
• block 10 may have apertures 19 in the bridging elements 16 to allow concrete poured into the block 10 to flow more freely to fill the entire interior of the block 10.
• the advantage of using metal bridges 16 rather than bridges of the same wood-concrete material as the walls 12, 14, as is known in the art, is because wood-concrete is porous in nature and thus permeable to gases. Walls constructed with blocks made entirely with this material, even when filled with concrete, provide a porous path via the wood-cement bridge from one side of the block through to the other side of the block.
• the block according to the present invention provides a complete concrete and metal separation between block walls once concrete is poured therein, so that gases cannot permeate through the block.
• FIGS 3a-3c there is shown another embodiment of a wood-concrete block 10a according to the invention.
• the block 10a has two parallel walls 32, 34 that are connected with a space between them by four bolts 36.
• the bolts 36 are throughgoing through walls 32, 34 and are capped by nuts 38.
• the spacing of the bolts 36 is such as to leave spaces 40 between the bolts 36 and the edges 42 of walls 32 and 34. This is to enable reinforcing rods (not shown) to be laid across a row of blocks 10a within the volume of the blocks .
• the novel block illustrated in Figures 3a-3c has another advantage not found in conventional blocks in that it can be assembled in situ.
• many more disassembled blocks comprising walls 32, 34, bridging rods 36 and capping nuts 38 can be transported per carrier, whether containers or truck, than conventional blocks. These disassembled parts can be then assembled at the construction site.
• bridging element is made of a material that is non-pervious to gases.
• a reinforced concrete frame bottom 20 As shown in Figure 4, there is first poured a reinforced concrete frame bottom 20, as shown in Figure 4, and the blocks 2 are placed thereon in a row adjacent one another. Steel reinforcement 21 is then placed horizontally on top 6 of bridging element 16 (see Figure 2a) of the blocks 10, extending 22 ( Figure 4) beyond the terminal blocks 2E and 2F.
• a second layer of blocks 2 is placed staggered on top of the first layer, leaving vertical cavities. Further rows of blocks are added up to the desired height of the wall.
• Steel reinforcing rods 24 are introduced vertically into the cavities 13 and concrete is then poured into these cavities 13 to fill the voids and form a web of vertical and horizontal steel reinforced concrete beams within the blocks.
• the terminal ends 22 of the steel reinforcing rods are then embedded in concrete which completes the reinforcing frame 3 around the wall 1.
• a vertical steel reinforcing rod 24 can be inserted into the cavities 13 of the blocks 2 after the first layer of blocks and horizontal steel rods 21 have been placed in position and tied to the horizontal steel rods 21 where they cross each other 25. Subsequent layers of blocks are then slipped over the vertical steel reinforcing rods 24 and placed in position with the vertical and horizontal steel bars being tied together wherever they cross each other.
• the core is connected via the reinforcing steel to the reinforced concrete framework of the building.
• Additional strengthening of the protective wall may be accomplished by providing prestressing (or post-tensioning) at the top and bottom and on either side of the wall. This strengthens the membrane or wall formed by the DURISOL® blocks and also strengthens its connection to the framework.
• a wall consisting of conventional masonry building blocks internally reinforced with concrete and steel bars similar to Ivany, US 4,167,840; b) A wall constructed of conventional building blocks to which plates of ferro-cement were glued on their inside surface to provide reinforcement; c) A wall made of solid blocks of silicate; d) A wall made of ITONG® blocks reinforced with beams; and e) A wall made of wood-concrete blocks according to this invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=26323359

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1997
  • 1997-06-22 KR KR1019980710587A patent/KR20000022169A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-06-22 CN CN97195932A patent/CN1109168C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-06-22 TR TR1998/02726T patent/TR199802726T2/xx unknown
  • 1997-06-22 WO PCT/IL1997/000207 patent/WO1998000612A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-06-22 JP JP50396098A patent/JP3558650B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-06-22 AU AU31881/97A patent/AU711337B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1997-06-22 EP EP97927354A patent/EP0922145A4/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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