EP0914525B1 - Method and an arrangement for earth separation and loading - Google Patents
Method and an arrangement for earth separation and loading Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0914525B1 EP0914525B1 EP97914680A EP97914680A EP0914525B1 EP 0914525 B1 EP0914525 B1 EP 0914525B1 EP 97914680 A EP97914680 A EP 97914680A EP 97914680 A EP97914680 A EP 97914680A EP 0914525 B1 EP0914525 B1 EP 0914525B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bucket
- conveyor
- bucket wheel
- undercarriage
- buckets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
- E02F3/22—Component parts
- E02F3/24—Digging wheels; Digging elements of wheels; Drives for wheels
- E02F3/248—Cleaning the wheels or emptying the digging elements mounted on the wheels, e.g. in combination with spoil removing equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
- E02F7/02—Conveying equipment mounted on a dredger
Definitions
- the method of earth separation and loading and the arrangement for application of this method may be utilised in various types of excavators and loaders, picking up crushed material, store in dumps and transferring it to means of transport of various types.
- Known face-shovel excavators separate the output from the subsoil with an upward motion of the bucket and therefore lumps of soil, separated with bucket blades or teeth, drop inside the bucket. Emptying the bucket is accomplished in various ways.
- the bucket In single bucket excavators, the bucket, after filling, is lifted upwards and then the superstructure of the machine, together with the bucket, rotates in order to place the bucket above the designated means of transport. After opening the bottom flap of the bucket, the output is discharged, usually into an open body of a road vehicle. After another rotation of the excavator superstructure and lowering the bucket, the latter begins to move upwards, separating another portion of soil.
- multi-bucket excavators are mounted on the bucket wheel or circular chain and, after separation of appropriate amount of soil, lift the output to a considerable height and due to that, the output pours off onto continuous duty belt conveyor situated nearby, which subsequently transfers the output to the means of transport or to a dump.
- Single-bucket undershot excavators are mainly used to dig soil below the level, on which the excavator moves. In such case they also cut soil in an upward direction. These excavators are also used for cutting soil above the level, on which the excavator moves. Contrary to the previous cases the cutting is performed with an downward motion, whilst in the last part of the cycle, the bucket performs a scraping turn whereby it is filled with output. After lifting the bucket and rotating the excavator superstructure, the output is discharged onto the means of transport, due to another rotation of the bucket in relation to the extension arm.
- the said single-bucket excavators feature two major flaws:
- Multi-bucket excavators have the following flaws:
- the invention is directed to an excavation assembly according to the preamble of claims 2 and 12 and to a method for earth separation and loading.
- An excavating assembly in accordance with the preamble of claims 2 and 12 is known from US 4 180 927.
- a conventional excavator is disclosed in AU 427389.
- the purpose of the invention is to develop a method of soil cutting at a substantially lower energy consumption and different operating technique.
- the cutting method allots also to increase the cutting speed, what additionally results in increased productivity.
- the method of soil separation is defined by the steps of claim 1.
- the arrangement for the application of the method is defined by the features of claim 2. Further embodiments are defined by the dependent claims 3 to 11.
- the variation of the arrangement for cutting earth below the level on which the arrangement is moving is provided with a bucket wheel with several, preferably three buckets, located on an arm while the soil is cut with a downward motion of the buckets and the output is slip upwards along the slip to the discharge height and then conveyed by means of conveyors to means of transport or dump.
- the method of separation and loading earth onto means of transport and the arrangement for the application of this method - an excavator are shown on an example application in the figures, where in fig.1 a side view of the excavator is shown, in fig.2 - top view of the excavator, in fig.3 platform turning gear and loading conveyor turning gear are shown and in fig.4 - the top view of both said turning gears.
- the excavator consists of an undercarriage 1 e.g. on crawlers with a running gear and a turning gear and a rotary platform 2 with supporting structure 3 .
- An extension arm 4 is mounted with an articulated joint to the front of the rotary platform, bearings 5 of bucket wheel 6 with a number, preferably three buckets 7 are located at the front of them with cutting blades 8 , two side walls 9 and plate 10 situated at the centre of the bucket wheel.
- the bucket has no wall on the outside.
- Slip plate 11 is rotationally mounted to the bucket wheel shaft, by means of arms 12 .
- the slip plate is secured against rotation by means of a screw joint with the extension arm.
- the slip plate consists of slip 13 located on the circumference of the bucket wheel and two side plates. The inside diameter of the slip is marginally larger than the outside diameter of the bucket wheel.
- the slip has a constant cross section, from the bottom to a chute 14 , whereas above the chute, it has a hole, slightly wider than buckets.
- Below the chute belt conveyor I begins with ribbed belt 15 .
- the bottom end of the supporting structure of the conveyor is mounted with an articulated joint to the slip plate and its top end mounted slidingly on rollers to supporting structure 3 .
- Extension arm 4 is inclined by means of hydraulic cylinder 16 allowing lifting and lowering the bucket wheel. Apart from that this extension arm has its front part sliding in the rear part what allows for the movement of the bucket wheel, within definite limits, forwards and backwards. This movement is generated by hydraulic cylinder 17 , mounted with an articulated joint to the front and rear part of extension arm 4 .
- rotary platform 2 is mounted to undercarriage frame 1 by means of roller bearing 18 , situated under the platform. Above the platform there is another roller bearing 19 allowing the rotation of loading conveyor II 20 in relation to the undercarriage.
- This conveyor is designed to load the output onto any means of transport.
- Conveyor 20 in its lower part is mounted with an articulated joint to the rotary frame of this conveyor and in its central part, by means of a link and hydraulic cylinder 21 , to the rotary bearing on the top of supporting structure 3 .
- Hydraulic cylinder 21 allows inclination of the loading conveyor in the vertical plane, according to the height of any means of transport, independent from the excavator. Turning gear of the excavator is shown in fig.3 and 4.
- This gear consists of hydraulic cylinder 22 , vertical inner sleeve 23 , linking the undercarriage supporting structure with the rotary structure of the loading convey or above rotary bearing 19 and of appropriate articulated joints.
- Hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected with one joint to the undercarriage supporting structure and with the other end to the articulated joint of inner sleeve 23.
- the movement of hydraulic cylinder piston rod causes the rotary structure of loading conveyor to turn in one or other direction, within determined limits.
- hydraulic cylinder 24 is joined at one end, by means of an articulated joint, with the undercarriage supporting structure 1 and at the other end, also by means of an articulated joint, with rotary platform 2 what allows platform 2 to rotate, within definite limits in relation to undercarriage 1 .
- an internal combustion engine is installed, driving all excavator mechanisms by means of an oil pump. This engine performs also the role of an additional counterweight for extension arm 4 and bucket wheel 6 .
- Controls are located in cab 25 , omitted for clarity sake from fig.i.
- the excavator is operated by two people. One operator controls the bucket wheel and conveyor I with ribbed belt; the other one controls the loading of independent means of transport.
- the functioning of the excavator where the method of earth separation and loading on means of transport has been applied, is as follows.
- the operator of loading devices sets the outlet of loading conveyor 20 horizontally, above the open body of a vehicle, by means of hydraulic cylinder 22 , and the outlet height by means of hydraulic cylinder 21 , and then starts the loading conveyor.
- the other operator starts the turning gear of bucket wheel 6 and, as necessary, the thrust gear by means of hydraulic cylinder 17 .
- the separation of earth commences and a subsequent bucket is filled by the earth moving downwards.
- the cut begins according to the slope height, approximately in the position, where in fig.1 is the top left bucket.
- the slip plate 11 In the position, where in the figure is the bottom bucket, the slip plate 11 begins to close the outer opening of the bucket, whilst the inner plate 10 pushes before it the output contained in the bucket.
- the output in the bucket slides on the slip 13 to the height of chute 14 .
- the discharge of the loosened output from the bucket commences from the position, where the top right bucket is in fig.1.
- the output due to appropriate inclination of inner plate 10 and due to centrifugal force, the output slides along the chute and above it onto belt conveyor I with ribbed belt, which subsequently feeds it to loading conveyor 20 and the letter discharges the output onto any means of transport.
- Earth separation is accomplished as platform 2 rotates from one extreme position to another, by means of hydraulic cylinder 24 .
- the operator has here at his disposal a thrust mechachanism, which controls the thickness of the layer cut.
- the excavator without the use of the running gear, out subsequent layers until the total movement of the thrust mechanism is exhausted, where the bucket wheel is reversed by means of hydraulic cylinder 17 and the excavator moves forward by means of the running gear of the undercarriage.
- the method of earth separation and loading onto means of transport has a number of outstanding advantages in relation to methods commonly used.
- First of all cutting earth takes place with a out layer maximally relieved and thereby with very low friction of earth cut and with the utilisation of horizontal pressure, repelling extreme layers in the vertical zone of the slope. In some cases, with dry and loose soil, serious loss of internal friction may occur. Then so called fluidisation of crushed material occurs. This material flows down the slope /known self creep of trench walls/ and it is enough, without moving the excavator, to pump the material, like pumping liquids, at an extremely low energy consumption.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is the maximum utilisation of engine power for cutting soil.
- the stability of the excavator is thereby improved, as the overturning moment from the extension arm, buckets and output is balanced, by large, by the loading conveyor located on the other side of the undercarriage. Additionally, a substantial moment from the cutting reaction is replaced by a substantially smaller, and at the same time, stabilising moment from cutting reaction /due to opposite direction of the reaction/.
- the cutting system according to the invention allows reduction in energy consumption for soil separation, substantial reduction in bucket wheel weight and in consequence counterweight and supporting structure weights.
- An additional advantage of soil separation method is the use of thrust mechanism, allowing excavator operation when cutting non-homogeneous soil, containing considerable amount of rock what practically prevents the use of multi-bucket excavators. Elimination of full rotation of excavators simplifies to a large extent the turning gear. In such case, a multi-step mechanical gear, driven by a simple hydraulic motor or a slow speed hydraulic motor, becomes superfluous. It is enough to use a simple hydraulic cylinder in lieu of such devices. Complex rotary columns, feeding oil under prssure to the running gear of both crawlers of the undercarriage are avoided, whilst each crawler must have the capability to run in both directions.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
- high cut resistance /face-shovel excavators/,
- low productivity in relation to weight, due to cycle operation instead of continuous operation.
- high out resistance,
- high bucket wheel weight /or extension arm frame with chain/ resulting in excessive weight of the entire excavator.
In such case, a multi-step mechanical gear, driven by a simple hydraulic motor or a slow speed hydraulic motor, becomes superfluous. It is enough to use a simple hydraulic cylinder in lieu of such devices. Complex rotary columns, feeding oil under prssure to the running gear of both crawlers of the undercarriage are avoided, whilst each crawler must have the capability to run in both directions.
Claims (12)
- Method for earth separation and loading, comprising the steps of:separating earth by means of several buckets (7) mounted on a bucket wheel (6) by separating soil from subsoil via a downwardly directed motion of the buckets such that the separated output portion is not deflected by the respective bucket and is able to remain in contact with the circumferencially surrounding subsoil after being cut,moving the buckets such that subsequently separated output portions are slid along a slip plate (11) to a height allowing - due to gravity and centrifugal force - to discharge subsequent portions onto an inclined first continuous duty conveyor (15) mounted together with the bucket wheel (6) on the rotary part (4) of an excavator,transferring the output by the first conveyor (15) to a second continuous duty conveyor (10) mounted on the excavator undercarriage (2) with possibility of independent rotation, andconveying the output by the second conveyor (10) to any means of road, rail or other means of transport or other continuous duty conveyors or to a dump.
- An excavation assembly comprising:an undercarriage (1) with running gear and rotary platform (2) on this undercarriage (1),an extension arm (4) connected to the rotary platform (2) and having a bucket wheel (6), a slip plate (11), a chute (14) and an inclined first continuous duty conveyor (15),several, preferably three buckets (7) on said bucket wheel (6),each bucket (7) having cutting blades (8) one of which is located at the circumference of the bucket wheel (6), two sidewalls (9) and an inner plate (10) enabling the discharge of the output due to gravity and centrifugal force onto the first conveyor (15) after movement of the output along the slip plate (11) up to an appropriate height, anda second continuous duty conveyor (20) mounted on the excavator undercarriage (1) with the possibility of an independent rotation,
each bucket (7) is open at the circumference of the bucket wheel (6) behind the one cutting blade (8). - Excavating assembly according to claim 2, further comprising a supporting structure (3) on the rotary platform (2) to hold and manipulate the extension arm (4) with the bucket wheel (6) and to move the bucket wheel (6) upwards and downwards by means of a hydraulic cylinder (16) and the extension arm (4).
- Excavation assembly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the front part of the extension arm (4) is arranged to slide into the rear part of the extension arm (4) such that the front part can be displaced linearly in forward and backward direction in relation to the rear part of the extension arm (4) by means of a hydraulic cylinder (17) to change the reach of the bucket wheel (6) while in operation.
- Excavation assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 4, wherein the bucket wheel (6) comprises a hub rotatably attached to the front end of the arm (4) by means of a bearing (5) and six pairs of rods immovably fixing the buckets (7) to the hub, wherein the rods are parallel to the radius of the bucket wheel (6) and hold blades (8) of the buckets (7) and the rods hold the rear ends of the buckets (7).
- Excavating assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 5, wherein each bucket (7) of the bucket wheel (6) includes an inner plate (10) perpendicular to the radius of the bucket wheel (6) and two triangular side plates forming the side walls (9) with their external edges forming parts of the circumference of the bucket wheel (6).
- Excavating assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 6, wherein the slip plate (11) consists of a slip (13), two side walls and three pairs of arms (12) mounting the slip plate (11) immovably to the extension arm (4) and rotationally to the axis of the bucket wheel (6).
- Excavating assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 7, wherein rotating means for the rotary platform (2) comprise a hydraulic cylinder (24) linking by means of two articulated joints at its ends the undercarriage (1) to the rotary platform (2) and a roller bearing (18) situated below the rotary platform (2).
- Excavating assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 8, wherein the rotating means of the independently rotating second conveyor (20) comprises a roller bearing (19) situated above the rotary platform (2) and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (22) connected with its one end to the supporting structure (3) of the undercarriage (1) by means of an articulated joint and with its other end to the extension bracket of the vertical large diameter inner sleeve (23) supporting the rotary platform (2) with the mounting frame of the second conveyor (20) by means of an articulated joint.
- Excavating assembly according to one of the daims 2 - 9, wherein the first conveyor (15) is mounted with its bottom end by means of an articulated joint to the slip plate (11) and with its top end mounted slidingly on rollers to the supporting frame (3).
- Excavating assembly according to one of the claims 2 - 10, wherein the second conveyor (20) in its lower part is mounted with an articulated joint to the rotary frame of this conveyor and in its central part, by means of a link and a hydraulic cylinder (21) is mounted to the rotary bearing on the top of the supporting frame (3), for inclining the second conveyor (20).
- An excavation assembly comprising:an undercarriage (1) with running gear and a rotary platform (2) on this undercarriage (1),an extension arm (4) connected to the rotary platform (2) and having a bucket wheel (6), a chute (14) and an inclined first continuous duty conveyor (15),several, preferably three buckets (7) on said bucket wheel (6), each bucket (7) having cutting blades (8) one of which is located at the circumference of the bucket wheel (6), two side walls (9) and an inner plate (10), anda second continuous duty player (20) mounted on the excavator undercarriage (1) with the possibility of an independent rotation,
each bucket (7) further comprises a swinging outer wall at the circumference of the bucket wheel (6) behind the one cutting blade (8), said swinging outer wall being openable by means of a cam or a buffer when the bucket in its upward motion reaches the upper level of the chute (14) to discharge the output due to gravity and centrifugal force onto the first continuous conveyor (15).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL317296 | 1996-12-02 | ||
PL31729696A PL180409B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1996-12-02 | Method of loosening and loading loosened rock onto means of transport and apparatus therefor |
PCT/PL1997/000005 WO1998024983A1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1997-04-03 | Method and an arrangement for earth separation and loading |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0914525A1 EP0914525A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0914525B1 true EP0914525B1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=20068754
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97914680A Expired - Lifetime EP0914525B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1997-04-03 | Method and an arrangement for earth separation and loading |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0914525B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69727383D1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL180409B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998024983A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2803536B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2002-06-14 | B M H S A | PROCESS FOR PREHOMOGENEIZING BULK MATERIALS, DEVICE AND USE THEREOF |
GB0712895D0 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2007-08-15 | Thomas Gareth J | Excavator vehicle |
CN101694103B (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-07-06 | 熊梓光 | Bottom propelling excavator |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1386987A (en) * | 1920-08-19 | 1921-08-09 | Pawling And Harnischfeger Comp | Excavating-wheel |
CH464094A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1968-10-15 | Bade & Co Gmbh | Milling device for undercutting supply elements or structures in the production of diaphragm walls |
AU427389A (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1972-08-23 | ||
JPS6033945B2 (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1985-08-06 | サタホワイト、インダストリズ、インコ−パレイテイド | excavation loading equipment |
DE3503915A1 (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1985-09-05 | PHB Weserhütte AG, 5000 Köln | Bucket wheel excavator |
-
1996
- 1996-12-02 PL PL31729696A patent/PL180409B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-04-03 DE DE69727383T patent/DE69727383D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-03 WO PCT/PL1997/000005 patent/WO1998024983A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-04-03 EP EP97914680A patent/EP0914525B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL317296A1 (en) | 1998-06-08 |
PL180409B1 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
WO1998024983A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
EP0914525A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
DE69727383D1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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