EP0912262B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0912262B1
EP0912262B1 EP97916292A EP97916292A EP0912262B1 EP 0912262 B1 EP0912262 B1 EP 0912262B1 EP 97916292 A EP97916292 A EP 97916292A EP 97916292 A EP97916292 A EP 97916292A EP 0912262 B1 EP0912262 B1 EP 0912262B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
liquid
current
lances
sediment
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97916292A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0912262A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Streich
Alexandra Frei
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Lindenport SA
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Lindenport SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B9/0933—Removing sludge or the like from tank bottoms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first independent Process claim and an apparatus for performing of the procedure.
  • the method and device serve to thicken in Crude oil or from its muddy to compact sediments in containers, in which crude oil is stored and / or transported, bound crude oil recover.
  • the crude oil extracted from the ground in the extraction of crude oil is initially without any further treatment in storage tanks, the crude oil tanks stored with a large capacity and kept ready for distribution.
  • the service life of the oil in such containers is usually long enough that themselves, especially in extreme climatic conditions Can form sedimentation. In doing so, the speed of sediment formation and the formation and composition of the sediments depending on Provenance of the oil can be very different. If such containers several Times can be partially emptied and refilled without the sediments can be removed, a sediment layer with a thickness of up to 1.5m and make more.
  • the amounts contained in such a sediment layer of crude oil are considerable since they are largely made up of and in thickened oil contained higher molecular substances such as. Asphalt, paraffins or Contains waxes.
  • the sediments can also be made from lighter crude oil caused by thickening under the influence of heat.
  • the sediments often have a gelatinous consistency and represent nothing else than a heavy crude oil fraction, the majority of which are made with crude oil or lighter proportions of crude oil are readily miscible or readily soluble in them.
  • the sediments also contain foreign bodies in the form of, for example Stones or metal parts, mostly in the form of rust.
  • the sediments described above in the crude oil tanks meant an undesirable material that with periodic cleaning of the Containers today still with appropriate cleaning media, mostly with aqueous ones Solutions of detergents, removed from the containers and more or landfilled or destroyed less sensibly.
  • the document shows an example US-A-1,978,015 (Erdman) according to which an apparatus and a Process for cleaning a tank is described.
  • the device is a permanently installed device, with which one after emptying the tank Washing liquid or steam to remove accumulated on the floor Residues initiated and after dissolving them by suction is removed again. What remains is a cleaned tank bottom. Slanted Exit points shaped to suck the liquid back can, the liquid introduced into a vortex-like flow bring.
  • the method according to the invention essentially consists in and a multitude directly above the sediment with hydrodynamic energy of spatially fixed aligned liquid jets in such a way that the liquid introduced is essentially horizontal Trains electricity.
  • the aim is to create a targeted one in the ensemble of liquid jets Train electricity or targeted currents.
  • a self-contained stream or a self-contained one Flow behaves in a container with a circular plan, as he or she would be driven by a gigantic agitator, what by the multitude of specially arranged and aligned lances with fixed Nozzle alignment is effected.
  • the boundary of the flowing liquid layer should be remain undisturbed towards the top and their limit against below, so the boundary between flowing liquid and sediment like this be trained that an increased erosive effect of the flow arises.
  • the process according to the invention consumes less process energy than the known method and is easier to carry out.
  • the for Implementation of the method to be created according to the invention is much easier and easier to operate than the corresponding device for the known method and in particular it is simpler to the adapt and assemble the treated container.
  • the means to do this are very great Simplified, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to assemble, robust, unaffected and practically maintenance-free lances.
  • the liquid immediately above the sediment differs of the crude oil above the sediment at least in that their Concentration of substances from sedimentation is smaller. It is about in the case of a crude oil container, for example, crude oil from the top Layers of the container or a less concentrated portion of the same Crude oil, that means a portion of crude oil from which the heavy components are separated.
  • the essential components the liquid used is the same as the essential components of the liquid stored and / or transported in the container to be treated, such that the liquid without hesitation after absorption of the sediment substances mixed with the stored liquid and / or the same further processing can be supplied.
  • the method according to the invention takes advantage of the finding that it through appropriate supply of flow energy (hydrodynamic energy) it is possible to place an area or layer in still liquids Flow movement to move, moving between the flowing Layer and above or below, stationary or with another Form layers that flow at a speed like a shear surface.
  • flow energy hydrodynamic energy
  • the liquid is more suitable for liquefaction from the layer injected into the circuit layer above the circuit current layer, so arises a certain mass flow from the circular flow layer into the the area delimited by the shear surface or it the circuit current layer is a corresponding amount of fluid, namely the The amount of liquid injected is continuously removed. So it will Continuity condition for the circuit current layer met.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a device for performing the The method according to the invention essentially consists of a plurality of hollow, the lances to be injected crude lances, which in essentially can be inserted vertically into the container to be treated, also through the sediment, if possible to the bottom of the container.
  • the end region of each lance directed towards the container bottom at least one nozzle arranged on the side of the lance, preferably but there are several spaced-apart nozzles, and you other end protruding from the top of the container can be connected to a feed line, through which supply line liquid can be supplied under pressure.
  • the Nozzles are arranged on the lances in such a way that they essentially flow into one show common direction.
  • two rows of radially angled along the tube axis Nozzles are arranged.
  • the lances are positioned so that a Part of the nozzles above the sediment surface and part of the nozzles in the sediment are positioned. This is achieved, for example, with lances that Have rows of superposed nozzles, the length of the Row of nozzles is advantageously so large that it also thick sediment layers can tower over.
  • the lances are essentially distributed over the base of the container positioned vertically in the container in such a way that the nozzles End areas of the lances should extend as far as the container bottom, that is, are also introduced into the sediment layer. All lances are aligned in such a way that the spray directions of all nozzles, for example, are relative to a given flow center (or to another central Area) tangential component aligned in the same flow direction exhibit.
  • the flow center is advantageous for cylindrical containers aligned with the container axis.
  • the nozzles are aligned accordingly and the Lances are connected to the delivery system, liquid gets into the lances pressed and injected into the container through the nozzles. It is in one In the initial phase, the liquid mainly emerge from nozzles that are above the Sediment surface in the supernatant liquid because the sediment the exit from the other nozzles has a significantly higher resistance opposed as the liquid above it.
  • Alignment of the nozzles occurs after some time above the sediment an essentially horizontal liquid flow, for example in the form of a flowing layer of liquid, mainly from newly stirred There is liquid. This fluid flow interacts with the Sediment surface and erodes this, the sediment surface sinks and more and more nozzles lying directly on the sediment surface in the general fluid flow.
  • the newly added liquid is in the range of several in Direction of flow (downstream) transported nozzles, wherein it accumulates with the sediment materials to be liquefied, and then becomes it is pushed upwards by liquid which is fed in further.
  • the sediment can be broken down to the bottom of the container in this way become.
  • Heavy, insoluble sediment components such as stones, metal parts, Rust or the like will be due to the minimal but inevitable Swirling hardly leave the floor area and can be in a separate one Operation can be removed from the container.
  • storage tanks for crude oil usually have a circular shape Floor plan, which is also suitable for carrying out the inventive
  • the method is ideally suited because it creates a flowing layer of liquid there are no "blind spots" where the liquid is not is moved.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in containers with different base shapes or floor plans, the flow to be generated, preferably a self-contained flow, advantageously flows essentially parallel to the container wall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the idealized principle of a circularly driven liquid layer based on a drawing of a cylindrical vessel 1 with a central axis 34 as a flow center, in which vessel 1 a fluid 2 is contained.
  • the fluid 2 is divided into 3 layers here.
  • Layers 6.1 and 6.2 are layers with fluid 2 resting relative to vessel 1. Between these two resting layers there is a layer 5 in which the fluid is in motion. The direction of movement of the layer is shown by arrow 35.
  • the layer 5 moves essentially in a circle, ie there is a circular current in the layer 5 around the central axis 34 of the vessel 1 as the center of movement.
  • the circulating current is a current without turbulence and turbulence.
  • the flow field within the layer is homogeneous and consists exclusively of horizontal movement components.
  • FIG. 1 describes an idealized one System in which the friction on the shear surfaces has been neglected.
  • the most pronounced shear surfaces are in fact characterized by this from that shear stresses due to the horizontal relative movement of the adjacent Fluid layers to each other and the friction within the fluid be built in them. This has the consequence that the frictional forces in the That run essentially tangentially to the outer wall of the vessel 1 layer 6 at least the lowest part adjacent to the shear surface which layer, which ideally rests relative to the vessel 1, move slightly can.
  • these secondary effects are described below neglected.
  • the circulating current layer 5 has little turbulence, i.e. essentially horizontal has components running tangentially to the outer wall of the vessel, is the energy required to create and maintain one Flow low.
  • the flow has a little internal energy loss because the fluid mass in layer 5 is uniform and without vortex formation moved relative to the vessel 1. It is even possible for the user of the method the thickness or height of the circular current layer or column with the help to determine the device according to the invention itself and it has thus the possibility of moving only a small part of the fluid mass bring or keep as necessary for the procedure. This brings another significant reduction in energy consumption (e.g. pump output) of the Systems in the plant.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the principle of the energy supply into the circuit current layer 5, which is also idealized here.
  • the thickness of the circuit current layer 5 is essentially determined by the arrangement of the means, hereinafter referred to as kinetic energy sources 7, which introduce kinetic energy into the fluid.
  • these kinetic energy sources 7 are shown as points from which a directed liquid jet or a directed liquid acceleration originate.
  • the directional arrows 36 indicate the direction in which the fluid is accelerated or moved by the kinetic energy sources 7.
  • Various means can be used as kinetic energy sources 7. Here it is nozzles that inject fluid or elements that introduce kinetic energy into layer 5 in the sense of FIG.
  • the present invention is concerned with the supply of energy to the liquid by injecting liquid from the resting layers 6.1 or 6.2 or, preferably, from the circuit current layer itself, which by means of a pump is pressed through the nozzles. This method is shown in detail in FIG. 3 described.
  • the orientation of the circuit current layer 5 is essentially influenced through the alignment of the kinetic energy sources 7. This is visualized Alignment in the figure by the directional arrows 36.
  • these arrows are directed in such a way that, viewed from above the vessel, a circular current counterclockwise arises,
  • the directional arrows essentially point in the direction of flow, namely tangential to the outer wall of the vessel.
  • the extent of the circular flow layer 5 in the longitudinal direction of the vessel 1 is essentially from the expansion of the kinetic energy sources 7 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 34 of the vessel, which is also the center of the flow of the circulating current is 5.
  • the kinetic energy sources 7 are distributed.
  • Figure 2 are the kinetic energy sources 7 in five groups of rows on top of each other the same distance from each other. The arrangement in the figure shows only the principle of the arrangement of these kinetic energy sources 7. Optimal Arrangements are discussed in detail in some of the following figures.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the principle according to the invention of the injection of liquid into the circulating current layer 5 to be moved of a cylindrical crude oil tank 1 with a central axis 34 as a flow center around which the fluid located in the moving layer 5 rotates in a circle through the free surface of the Lances 10 are immersed in the tank 1.
  • These lances extend into the area of the bottom of the tank 1.
  • the lances 10 have rows of nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which rows of nozzles extend from the end of the lances 10 facing the tank bottom to the shear surface 30.
  • the nozzles take on the function of the kinetic energy sources from FIG. 2.
  • the ends of the lances protruding from the tank are equipped with a feed system connectable, that in Figure 3 schematically by leads 20, a distributor 29, a pump 26 and a suction point 21a in the area of the moving Circular current layer 5 is shown. It is thus possible to get liquid from the Vacuum circuit layer and this with the help of the pump 26 in the individual Lances 10 to pumps, where they moved through the nozzles 11 into the Layer 5 can be injected.
  • the fluid 2 that is pumped through a nozzle creates a jet of liquid, which are represented by the directional arrow 36 in the drawing the lances 10 in arrangement and orientation as described above in the Introduced fluid 2 is kinetic energy by injecting the liquid introduced into the layer 5 in such a way that essentially one in FIG described, after a while stationary with constant pump output Circular current arises, with the difference that the lower unmoving layer 6.2 of Figure 1 by arranging the lances according to Figure 3, itself can train. It forms with the device described in FIG. 3 a stationary, circularly moving layer 5, which is at the bottom is in the tank.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically the alignment principle for the nozzles.
  • the figure shows a lance 10 with a nozzle 11, a predetermined flow center 34 and a horizontal circle 32 around the flow center, the nozzle opening lying on this circle.
  • the circle 32 is an example of a flow line of a horizontal, self-contained flow, namely a circular flow around the flow center 34.
  • the direction of ejection through the nozzle which is drawn somewhat exaggerated here, is denoted by the vector R, which is generally vertical Component R v , a horizontal, tangential component R t (parallel to the flow line) and a horizontal radial component R r (perpendicular to the flow line) can be divided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of a container with a circular plan or floor and a flow center 34 running perpendicularly through its center.
  • the curved flow lines look like straight lines on smaller sections and that in this representation of a container with a few centimeters radius, the directional arrows look exaggerated. However, they correspond to approximately twice the spray width of the nozzles, so that one can well imagine the successive flow formation.
  • a plurality of vertical lances 10 are arranged on concentric circles in an essentially regular pattern over the floor plan of the container.
  • the spraying directions are also shown by nozzles arranged on these lances or the horizontal components R h thereof, which are all arranged tangentially and counterclockwise (no component R r ).
  • the nozzles shown can be individual nozzles attached to each lance, which are then advantageously arranged at different heights, or they can be vertical rows of rectified nozzles, as shown in FIG. 3. In addition to being horizontal (parallel to the floor), the nozzles can also be directed ⁇ downwards at the same or different angles.
  • nozzles may be aligned radially instead of tangentially, so that the currents that form between the nozzles meet radially in the center.
  • FIG. 6 shows the possibility of generating a pronounced liquid flow with the aid of the method according to the invention with 'steady' lances 10.
  • the lower part with the nozzle arrangement of four lances 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4 is shown schematically.
  • the nozzles arranged one above the other 11, which rows of nozzles from the end of the tank bottom facing Lances 10 are shown schematically in the figure in a ring.
  • the liquid squeezed out of the nozzles and their direction of the liquid guide jet are represented by the directional arrows 36.
  • Those indicated with the directional arrows 36 Fluid jets thus refer to the cone axes with an actual one Ejection effect in the form of a slim funnel.
  • the direction arrows 36 of two adjacent lances (10.1 and 10.2 or 10.3 and 10.4) have not only one component in the direction of the main flow 37, but they also point towards the main flow direction Component on.
  • the liquid sprayed out of the lance 10.1 therefore hits the Area of the main flow on the liquid jets of the lance 10.2 and accelerates the fluid in the area of the main flow. This supply of energy of course decays after a certain distance covered by the fluid.
  • another pair of lances 10.3 and 10.4 is in brought into the fluid in the same way as the lances 10.1 and 10.2, such that maintain the desired main stream 37 or depending on the distance of the Lance pairs to each other can even be accelerated.
  • the course of the Main flow 37 is then due to the geometric arrangement of the lance pairs (10.1 and 102 or 10.3 and 10.4) and by the pressure of the injected Fluid affects. So in a tank with circular or differently shaped floor plan currents are generated.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further top view of the plan view of a container in which lances 10 with nozzles are arranged essentially on four flow lines (flow lines shown in broken lines) of the stream to be generated.
  • the nozzles of the lances of two adjacent flow lines are slightly aligned with each other (with opposite, radial component as in Figure 4), so that a main flow can develop between the flow lines of a pair of lances.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of a container which has an oval plan rather than a circular one and in which vertically standing lances 10 with nozzles are arranged. So that the self-contained liquid flow to be generated by injecting liquid through the nozzles arranged on the lances flows as far as possible over the entire floor plan, it is not arranged around a flow center but rather around a "rotating surface" 34.
  • the lances are essentially arranged on inner flow lines S i and on outer flow lines S a of this liquid flow, and the nozzles are oriented such that the corresponding spray directions have a horizontal, tangential component R t and a horizontal, radial component R r , the radial component R r of the nozzles on the inner flow line S i towards the outside, the radial components R r of the lances on the outer flow lines S a are directed towards the inside.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of a crude oil tank 1 with a sediment layer 3 on the bottom of the tank 1.
  • the figure shows a variant of the method and device according to the invention for the liquefaction of crude oil sediments.
  • Lances 10 (only one lance is shown in FIG. 9 by way of example) have only one or a small number of nozzles 11 or a short density Row of nozzles at one end they and are not in the sediment layer introduced, but only extend to just above their surface.
  • the Circular current layer 5 thus sweeps over the sediment surface and erodes these and gradually dissolves them.
  • lances 10 are gradually lowered until they reach the ground, which is the case, for example, with a crude oil tank with a floating roof Lowering the liquid level (pumping out crude oil) realized can be.
  • the injected fluid can come from the top of the crude Circular current layer 5, fresh liquid or crude oil from the top resting Layer 6
  • Fresh liquid or crude oil is injected from layer 6 without one fluid takes from the circular flow layer 5, it becomes in the area of the shear surface come to a mass transition, otherwise the continuity equation for Layer 5 would not be fulfilled.
  • the pronounced shear surface 30 could then a more or less diffuse less pronounced transition area form.
  • FIG. 10 shows, on the basis of a schematic section through part of a crude oil tank 1, a further variant of the method and device according to the invention for the liquefaction of crude oil sediments.
  • Two lances 10 are shown with a row of nozzles consisting of at least one nozzle 11, which is located at the bottom end of the lances 10 facing the bottom of the crude oil tank 1.
  • the lance feed lines 20, the pump 26 and the suction point 21a are also shown schematically.
  • the lances 10 are inserted, for example, in the stilt openings provided on the floating roof 4 and are let down through the sediment layer 3 to the bottom of the tank 1 and fixed in this position. It does not need to be specifically mentioned here that a large amount of such lances are used in the real, enormous large crude oil tanks.
  • the injected liquid (here crude oil from the upper layers of tank 1) is pressed through the nozzles 11 into the thickened crude oil layer, which is successively upon contact with crude oil from the upper area of the tank 1 dissolves.
  • the injected liquid here crude oil from the upper layers of tank 1
  • the injected liquid is pressed through the nozzles 11 into the thickened crude oil layer, which is successively upon contact with crude oil from the upper area of the tank 1 dissolves.
  • the injected liquid here crude oil from the upper layers of tank 1
  • the injected liquid here crude oil from the upper layers of tank 1
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention on the basis of a sectional drawing through a crude oil tank 1 with a floating roof 4, stylized here, in which tank 1 crude oil 2 is stored above a sediment layer 3.
  • the tank 1 is equipped with a number and arrangement of lances 10, as required by the method according to the invention for producing a circular current layer above the sediment layer 3.
  • lances 10 are shown schematically in FIG. These lances extend through the liquid layer 2 and the sediment layer 3 to the area of the tank bottom.
  • the lances 10 have rows of nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which rows of nozzles extend from the end of the lances 10 facing the tank bottom to the sediment layer into the liquid layer.
  • the lances are aligned in such a way that they generate a circulating current layer 5 described in FIG. 3 above the sediment layer 3.
  • the other ends of the lances 10 protruding from the container are with a Supply system connected, which is shown schematically in the figure by a feed line 20, a distributor 29, a pump 26 and a suction point 21a There is a three-way valve between the suction point 21a and the pump 26 27 are provided, which can be brought into a position via which introduced fresh oil through the lances through a fresh liquid supply 38 can be.
  • a feed line 20 a distributor 29, a pump 26 and a suction point 21a
  • a three-way valve between the suction point 21a and the pump 26 27 are provided, which can be brought into a position via which introduced fresh oil through the lances through a fresh liquid supply 38 can be.
  • tanks of this type have no suction point the container wall, this would be closed by an immersion tube 21b, for example realize.
  • the drawn suction point 21a is only intended to illustrate how, for conservation the mass balance, crude oil from the driven layer (the Circular current layer) is sprayed back.
  • the procedural alignment of the nozzle direction or exit direction the liquid jets of the lances can be done in many different ways.
  • this alignment is done, for example, by aligning a fixed one Brand M on the tube adapter 22 on an angle scale invariant to the floating roof 25 made.
  • the alignment for the whole ensemble of lances can be optimized in a computer simulation. According to the calculated The lances are then individually aligned and fixed. you can then also provide for multi-stage operations in which after a a certain time of exposure to part or all of the lances in a different position brought together to create flows with a different flow character to achieve. This is the case, for example, with more complicated floor plans.
  • the adapter tube has a substantially the length of the nozzle grater adjusted slot S so that the fluid when overlapping the row of nozzles can still emerge freely from the nozzles with the adapter tube.
  • a possible guidance between the adapter tube 22 and the lance 10 is shown in FIG 11 shown by the guide element 13.
  • the lance adapter 23 forms the transition link between the, depending on the applicable standardization, different sized pipe adapters 22 and the lance 10, which one in essentially independent of the respective standardization for the stilt openings can always be the same size in diameter. This is another one Point why this device is comparatively cheap to manufacture.
  • the lance may, if desired, be relative to the adapter tube 22 move along its length. This leads to fluctuations in the liquid level of the tank 1 not to move the lances 10 or on these lances 10 attached nozzle rows relative to the tank 1 and Sediment layer 3 lying on the tank bottom.
  • the lance system fits fluctuations in the liquid level in the tank 1 in the simplest way. No elaborate readjustments have to be made, what this procedure is very easy to maintain makes.
  • the lances 10 are guided axially through the elements 23 and those in the lower Area of the lances 10 attached nozzles 11 can be used from here in the upper area of the lance attached weight elements 12 always in Area of the tank bottom.
  • the mass of the weight elements 12 is adapted to the mass of the lance 10 and selected so that the lance 10 can easily penetrate the sediment layer 3 or that the lower ends of the lances 10 also lowering or increasing the Liquid level in tank 1 remain in the area of the tank bottom.
  • FIG. 12 shows a section through a possible embodiment of a lance 10, the nozzle 11 attached to it and through the pipe adapter 22.
  • the embodiment of the nozzle 11 permits adjustment of the nozzle by means of a ball joint. It is possible here to influence the direction of the liquid jet 36 to a certain extent.
  • a tube with an external thread and a ball socket 25 is fastened to the lance tube 10.
  • the actual ball nozzle 50 sits in said ball socket and is held in position by means of the union nut 51. It is advantageous if the dimensions of the lance nozzle system do not exceed the internal dimensions of the pipe adapter. So it is possible to pull the lances out of the pipe adapter at any time.
  • Figure 13 shows a further embodiment of a lance nozzle system.
  • This is a lance 10 with two rows of nozzles 11.1 and 11.2 pointing in different directions.
  • the individual nozzles, or at least one of the two in each row, can of course be adjusted as shown, for example, in FIG. 12, or, as shown here, can be made rigid.
  • the construction method shown here can be easily put together with tolerances in the mm range using standard profiles.
  • FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a further lance nozzle system which allows the nozzles 11 to be adjusted about an adjustment axis 63.
  • the body that contains the actual nozzle 11 is a shaft piece with a corresponding hole for the nozzle 11 and two laterally lying holes with an internal thread, which define the adjustment axis 63 with the corresponding holes on the rectangular tube piece 61, which is attached to the lance.
  • the direction of the nozzles can be adjusted horizontally about the longitudinal axis of the lance via the mark M on the scale 25 and the direction of the nozzles vertically about the adjustment axis 63.
  • FIGS. 15 A, B, C show in parts A and B assembles a further embodiment of a lance nozzle system according to the same principle as described in FIG. 14.
  • This embodiment has been simplified to the extent that the processing effort in the manufacture of the lances is as low as possible.
  • the plates 71 and the sections 61 of the hollow beam are fastened to the U-profile with welding points 72, and the drilled nozzles 60 are screwed in.
  • the foot piece of the lance is closed with a plate 71, the upper lance part is closed with a correspondingly long plate 71 as the side wall and the attachment elements for the liquid are mounted and the lance is ready.
  • a gap 73 of a few mm between the disk nozzle 60 and the rectangular tube piece 61 is entirely permissible because it does not significantly affect the general functioning of the lance.
  • FIG. 16 shows an exemplary embodiment of a lance 10, which consists of a relatively rigid construction containing the nozzles 11 and of a relatively flexible hose 81 which is connected to the fixed lance part 10 via a hose coupling 80.
  • the fixed part with the rows of nozzles is in the tube adapter 22 guided by means of the lance adapter 23 and the guide element 13.
  • the adapter tube 22, which is adapted to the standard openings of the respective country, is slit over the entire length in order to enable the lance 10 to be retracted or extended from above at any time.
  • FIGS. 17A and B show two embodiments of nozzles which can be closed or blocked so that a pronounced fluid jet can no longer emerge from the nozzle 11.
  • FIG. 17A shows an embodiment with the principle as described for FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • the disk nozzle 60 is fixed in a position in which a pronounced jet of liquid can no longer form.
  • the disk nozzle 60 in the position shown, however, cannot shut off the nozzle completely tightly. A certain quantity of fluid can still escape. Since the method according to the invention is not susceptible to such small disturbances, such an incomplete shut-off of a nozzle can be tolerated.
  • nozzles can also be closed by other simple means.
  • lids can be attached to the nozzle openings or, as shown in FIG. 17B, a tubular nozzle 55 can be sealed, for example with the aid of a lid in the form of a union nut lid 56.
  • FIG. 18 schematically shows an embodiment of lances 10 with two rows of nozzles, which show nozzles 11.1 and 11.2 essentially in opposite directions.
  • the primary nozzle rows of the individual lances 10 with the nozzles 11.1 are arranged in such a way that they form a circular flow around the main container axis 34 in the lower layer 5.
  • These secondary rows of nozzles are usually much smaller, ie contain fewer nozzles than the primary rows of nozzles.
  • FIG. 19 schematically shows the principle of an embodiment of lances with suction points 21a. It is advantageous if suction points for the system described are designed as dip tubes 21b inserted through the roof of the tank. In order not to disturb the circulating flow, it can be advantageous to design a plurality of suction points 21a in such a way that they even make a certain contribution to the formation and maintenance of the flow.
  • the suction pipes 21b can, for example, as shown in the figure, have suction openings 21a arranged one above the other, similar to the lances, which are introduced into the circular flow layer in such a way that such rows of the suction openings 21a are directed essentially downstream.
  • the liquid is accelerated or moved by sucking it in.
  • immersion tubes 21b By using such immersion tubes 21b, directional kinetic energy can thus be introduced into the fluid, similarly as with the lances, and the efficiency of the entire system can thus be increased.
  • the axes of the diagram are described as follows: t denotes the time axis, h describes the height above the tank bottom and k stands for the sediment concentration.
  • the diagram contains three important areas. First the area 98, which describes the actual sediment layer, secondly the area 97, which represents the conditions in the ideal circuit current layer and thirdly, the area 96 which the resting layer over the Circular current layer describes.
  • the surfaces 90 which is a horizontal surface and represents the sediment concentration k on the fluid surface and area 91, which is the sediment concentration k over height from the dormant layer to the shear surface remain constant, i.e. the courses do not change with time t.
  • the horizontal surface 92 represents the sediment concentration in the shear surface.
  • the associated height h is equal to the height of the shear surface above the bottom of the tank. It can be seen that the sediment concentration k increases with the time in this shift changes. This comes from concentration k in the circular flow layer over time by dissolving the sediment layer steadily increased, which is also described by the area 93, the the concentration k in the circular current layer is visualized above the level of the same.
  • the horizontal surface 94 represents the concentration k in the sediment layer.
  • the corresponding height h decreases over time and is equal to that average height of the sediment layer at the respective time t.
  • the aim of the The procedure is to dissolve the thickened sediment layer. This will be after one reaches certain time t3 and the areas 94 and 95 disappear at this Time.
  • the injected fluid originates from the circular flow layer, as described in FIG. 20 itself, so there is a mass balance in this moving Layer, i.e. one can speak of a circulation process. Becomes Liquid from the quiescent layer lying above the circular current layer injected through the lances and the rows of nozzles attached to them, so must, the circuit current layer is not again a corresponding amount Fluid withdrawn continuously, a mass flow in the area above the Circular current layer arise, which mass flow the formation of a pronounced Shear surface at the top of the circular current layer can complicate.
  • the circuit current layer For example, by lifting and lowering the immersion tube to remove what is to be injected Make fluid as thin as possible.
  • the length of the rows of nozzles of the lances 10 corresponds essentially to that Thickness of the circular current layer 5, and this minimum calculated thickness can be adjusted by lances 10 with correspondingly long rows of nozzles be used.
  • the individual nozzles 11 can be made lockable, i.e. it will the means described above provided the leakage of liquid prevent by specifically selected nozzles 11. It is therefore possible that only a lower one, to the desired thickness of the circuit current layer to be generated adapted part of the nozzles 11 of a row of nozzles is active, and the corresponding upper part has closed or blocked nozzles 11.
  • the Location of the suction point 21, can be adjusted in height with the help of a Immersion tube in the roof 4 of the tank 1 and the respective thickness of the Circular current layer 5 can be adjusted.
  • the diagram in FIG. 20 describes a system with an ideal circular current layer, i.e. with a distinctive shear surface. It is natural it is clear that shear stresses are actually built up in the shear surface and this is due to the internal friction in the fluid to the "dormant Layers 6 "will be forwarded Layers 6 set a speed profile, i.e. the as dormant layers 6 designated fluid masses will also move easily.
  • the ideal circular current layer is discussed in this invention taken as a basis for better understanding and simplification.
  • the main advantages of the method according to the invention over The state of the art is that the necessary for its implementation Device without moving parts under the surface of the liquid gets along. Essentially only includes the pump in operation moving parts. There are also no arrangements for rotating the lances necessary during the procedure.
  • the lances are very simple in construction and therefore inexpensive to manufacture and without great precision (tolerances in the mm range).
  • the system can be made of cheap material, e.g. Steel-37 consist. Because of the simplicity of the construction, the lances according to the invention are much lighter in weight than turning lances and therefore easier in handling less susceptible to mechanical damage e.g. in the Assembly, transport or storage.
  • the lances according to the invention are very easy to assemble, very easy to operate and do not need any special care.
  • the method according to the invention in or from thickened crude oil muddy to compact sediments in containers in which crude oil is stored and / or transported to recover bound crude oil by the sediment with crude oil or refinery products as a solvent treated and at least partially liquefied and redissolved, whereby the solvent is squeezed out of nozzles to form a flow, which the sediment erodes and dissolves as far as it can be dissolved, is essentially characterized by the fact that a large number of targeted liquid jets consisting of solvent from fixed and corresponding fixed aligned nozzles are generated, which nozzles are so aligned are that the liquid jets cover the surrounding medium in sections drive in a common direction and set in motion and unite with this into a common current.
  • the device for carrying out the method essentially consists from a hollow body, a connection for the introduction of a liquid and has nozzles for the exit of this liquid through which the liquid can be ejected under pressure, with a plurality over part of its length of radially fixed nozzles are provided and that these nozzles can be aligned or aligned in such a way that, at least some of them together, essentially arranged parallel to each other Have liquid jets generated.
  • an arrangement of devices for carrying out the method in a container is such that a plurality of nozzles is positioned in pairs on each flow line of a flow line pair (S i / S a ) of the liquid flow to be generated or generated and that they are aligned in this way that the horizontal, radial component (R r ) of the direction of injection of the nozzles on each of the two flow lines are directed at an acute angle to one another and between a downstream pair of nozzles, the liquid jets driving the surrounding medium in a common direction and becoming one with it can combine common flow and that one or more pumps are connected to the lances and supply them with liquid, and that one or more immersion pipes for supplying the pump (s) with liquid are arranged so that they have the suction side in the layer provided for the flow rage n or that connections are provided for sucking in liquid outside the layer mentioned.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
EP97916292A 1996-05-03 1997-04-17 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl Expired - Lifetime EP0912262B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH112996 1996-05-03
CH112996 1996-05-03
CH175096 1996-07-11
CH175096 1996-07-11
PCT/CH1997/000152 WO1997041976A1 (de) 1996-05-03 1997-04-17 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl

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EP0912262A1 EP0912262A1 (de) 1999-05-06
EP0912262B1 true EP0912262B1 (de) 2003-01-08

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US (1) US6217207B1 (ru)
EP (1) EP0912262B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE230638T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU727169B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2253554C (ru)
DE (1) DE59709106D1 (ru)
EA (1) EA000558B1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2191836T3 (ru)
NO (1) NO315359B1 (ru)
NZ (1) NZ332416A (ru)
WO (1) WO1997041976A1 (ru)

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CA2253554C (en) 2009-06-30
CA2253554A1 (en) 1997-11-13
NO985101D0 (no) 1998-11-02
AU727169B2 (en) 2000-12-07
ATE230638T1 (de) 2003-01-15
NZ332416A (en) 2000-03-27
NO985101L (no) 1998-11-02
US6217207B1 (en) 2001-04-17
AU2501397A (en) 1997-11-26
WO1997041976A1 (de) 1997-11-13
EA199800972A1 (ru) 1999-04-29
DE59709106D1 (de) 2003-02-13
EA000558B1 (ru) 1999-10-28
NO315359B1 (no) 2003-08-25
EP0912262A1 (de) 1999-05-06
ES2191836T3 (es) 2003-09-16

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