EP0911466B1 - Wearfree programmable electronic locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The security system has a programmable electronic key (2.0) which is positioned into the electronic lock (1.0) with which it has a contactless communication via transceivers (1.3, 2.3) in each unit. A programmed code in the memory (2.1) of the key is compared with a stored code in the lock memory (1.1) to operate the release of the lock. Additional security is provided by crypto-graphic blocks (1.5, 2.4) in each unit.

Description

The invention relates to a wear-free programmable electronic locking device, in particular for Doors with changing locking authorization.

According to the state of the art are for doors with changing Locking authorization, for example for doors from Swimming pool cabinets, locks with permanently assigned Keys provided, the keys when not in use Lockers in waiting position in the locks stuck. If a cabinet is occupied, the lock is operated, and the operator takes the key with them.

These locking devices belonging to the prior art have the disadvantage that each lock has a specific one Key is assigned, the assignment cannot be changed is. For example, if a key is lost, the entire lock must be replaced or it must be closed each lock has a spare key.

Because these locking devices on a mechanical basis work, they are also not wear-free, and the Locks and keys need to be replaced from time to time be what with a significant cost connected is.

With today's common and widespread mechanical and electronic locking devices, such as already executed, a permanent assignment between the castle and key. For this purpose, a key is usually unique encodes that to a lock or a specific one Group of locks fits. Purely mechanical working Closing devices have the disadvantage that the process the coding can only be carried out once, and a subsequent change in the coding on keys or lock is not possible. With the known electronic locking systems is a change in coding Although possible, these systems are subject to your contact-based transmission of the coding from Key to the lock on the one hand to a certain wear the contact surfaces and secondly the risk of corrosion on the contact surfaces and thus ensure, in particular under harsh environmental conditions such as moist aggressive atmosphere, no permanently safe Closure.

The prior art (DE 44 15 104 A1) include Method and device for storing data in a portable storage unit that contains a non-volatile Has memory, which with a write and Control device having a readable device and is readable. To transfer the data between the Storage unit and the control unit is an optical coupling intended. The control device has a random generator for generating a random code as an identifier and one Memory for storing a random code. through the optical coupling, the random code is also on the Storage unit transferable and in its non-volatile Storage storable. The random code can be stored in memory even after interruption and after restoration of the optical Coupling read out again and optically to the control unit be retransmitted. The control unit has one Device for comparing that stored in its memory Random codes with the one returned by the storage unit Random code on that with an evaluation device is coupled. This device can, for example intended to release the reading mechanism of the locking system be, so opening the locking mechanism only is then possible if in the memory of the storage unit the same random code as in the memory of the control unit is saved.

This locking device belonging to the prior art has the disadvantage that with the storage unit, which is used as a key, for example several Locks of a locking system can be operated, so that with one key, for example, several cabinets, for example in a swimming pool.

The prior art (EP 0 311 112 A2) also belongs a locking system, which also has a cryptography unit has, and in which a remote control unit is used as an electronic key. Also this prior art device has the Disadvantage that several with one electronic key Locks can be operated.

The technical problem underlying the invention consists in specifying a locking device in which the assignment between key and lock during or immediately before the actual closing process, with a free choice between those to be operated Locks should be guaranteed, and at the guaranteed is that with a key after pressing one Lock no other lock is actuated.

This technical problem is caused by the device solved with the features of claim 1.

The locking device according to the invention consists of an electronic read / write key and one electronic programmable lock. This locking device is based on the principle of contactless, electromagnetic Code and locking data transmission between a passive electronic key and an active one electronic lock. They have the electronic lock and the electronic key is not necessarily one Locking authorization permanently assigned to each other, since the Allocation of locking authorization between electronic Lock and electronic key only at the moment of Closing process using the non-contact bidirectional Data transfer between active electronic lock and passive electronic key is set.

In the locking device according to the invention Disadvantage of the known systems, namely that with one Key multiple locks can be operated, thereby prevented that due to the stored in the key Status data after a closing process of Key is locked for further locking operations.

Areas of application of the locking device according to the invention can be found wherever there is a frequent change of Lock authorization must take place, such as this the case for hotel doors and locker doors in leisure facilities is.

The locks of the locking device according to the invention work independently and independently of one Central unit, that is, the locks work perfectly self-sufficient. The locks are each with the key, for example, a locking card operated and parameterized, without the locks being in contact with each other or controlled by a central unit.

The fact that no predetermined, fixed assignment between Lock and key can be set with one any key a lock can be chosen, which is not yet closed.

Immediately before or during the closing process, at the key and lock in contactless, bidirectional Be brought in between key and Lock exchange status data exchanged. Here on the part of the lock the locking authorization identifier and the Key locking status requested. Then will a check of the locking status received by the key carried out and decided whether it is a legitimate Acting key that is not yet another lock has closed. If the authorization of the key is ensured, it closes. After the closure is carried out, the closing status and the identifier of the lock from the lock to the key. There the data are stored in the data memory. simultaneously the lock authorization identifier of the key and the locking status is saved in the lock's data memory.

With the key it is now no longer possible to enter a to actuate another lock, that is to say to lock it.

During the opening process, the key is again in bidirectional, brought into contact with the lock. The lock asks for the authorization code and the key's locking status. Then will a check of the locking authorization identifier and the Key locking status carried out and decided whether it is the key that most recently affected Has locked the lock.

The lock is then unlocked. After opening, the lock status of the lock will change from Lock transferred to the key and checked in the key. If the test result is positive, the data is stored in the data memory of the key deleted. At the same time, the Lock authorization identifier of the key in the data store of the castle deleted.

With the key it is now possible to do the same Lock again or lock any other lock. The lock can now also be used with another any key can be locked again.

A clock is advantageously arranged in the castle, preferably with date and time. But the watch can also be designed in the manner of a stopwatch. During the Closing process, the time and / or the date in the Data memory of the lock saved. According to a predetermined Period of time, for example if the time of stay is exceeded in the leisure facility, can be used the key assigned during the locking process Do not operate the lock anymore.

If the watch is designed like a stopwatch, then the stopwatch is started during the closing process. An opening process with the assigned key is then also only in a predetermined period of time, for example, allowed within two or three hours.

According to the predetermined period is in Key saved. During the closing process the period with the other data is transferred to the castle, the lock, as already mentioned, after this Period can no longer be pressed.

As a result, the locking device according to the invention wins security because in the event of theft of a The key in question does not have a particular lock Period can be opened. on the other hand visitors, such as a swimming pool, this will cause the pool's usage time not to be exceeded without, for example, an additional payment to have to afford.

The locks and / or the keys are advantageous battery powered. They have one or more accumulators on. Since the locks are independent of each other according to the invention and work independently of a central unit, It can happen that the battery or the accumulator are empty, so that the lock no longer has a power supply has and cannot be operated. For this reason the locking device according to the invention has an emergency power supply on. The emergency energy supply is designed in such a way that about the transmitting and receiving device of the Lock an inductive power supply to the lock from the key can be done so that the lock at least operated once, for example can be unlocked.

The keys can also be used advantageously inductive power supply.

Further details of the invention can be found in the subclaims be removed.

Fig. 1

ein schematisches Blockschaltbild der Schließvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 2

ein Blockschaltbild einer Schließanordnung mit Kryptographie-Einheiten;

Fig. 3

ein Blockschaltbild einer Schließanordnung mit einer Uhr;

Fig. 4

eine Schließvorrichtung mit drei Schlössern.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing, namely:

Fig. 1

a schematic block diagram of the locking device according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2

a block diagram of a locking arrangement with cryptography units;

Fig. 3

a block diagram of a locking arrangement with a clock;

Fig. 4

a locking device with three locks.

Fig. 1 shows a locking device (1) with an active electronic lock (2) and a passive electronic Key (3).

The active electronic lock (2) consists of the Component data memory (4), in which the closing data and the locking authorization identifier (s) are stored are, the transmitting and receiving device (5) with connected Transmitting and receiving antenna (6), their task it is the contactless communication with the passive perform electronic key (3), and the control device (7) which is the via the transmitting and receiving device (5) received data on plausibility and Correctness checked and if the test result is positive in stores the data memory (4), response data to the send and Receiving device (5) passes to the electronic Send key (3) and commands to an input / output unit (8) transmitted. Task of the input / output unit (8) is the control of digital output, signaling of operating states, the control of a Actuator (not shown) for closing and opening a door closed by the locking device (1) (not shown) and the reading of digital inputs to determine the current closed state.

The passive electronic key (3) consists of the data storage components (9), in which in addition to the Locking data also the variable locking authorization identifier is stored, the transmitting and receiving device (10) with connected transmitting and receiving antenna (11) and coupled Energy storage (12), the task of which is non-contact Communication with the electronic active Lock (2), and the control device (13), which the received via the transmitting and receiving device (10) Data checked for plausibility and correctness and at stores a positive test result in the data memory (9) or response data to the sending and receiving device (10) passes to the electronic lock (2) send.

The process of a closing process and the process involved necessary communication steps described and illustrated below step by step. It must be between the process of unlocking and the process of closing.

a) Gelangt der passive elektronische Schlüssel (3) in das lokale elektromagnetische Antennenfeld des aktiven elektronischen Schlosses (2), wird seitens des Schlosses (2) die Schließberechtigungskennung und der Schließstatus des Schlüssels (3) über die Sendeund Empfangseinheiten (5, 6; 10, 11) angefragt und vom Schlüssel (3) zum Schloß (2) über diese übertragen. Im Anschluß daran wird von der Steuereinheit (7) eine Überprüfung des vom Schlüssel (3) empfangenen Schließstatus durchgeführt und entschieden, ob es sich um einen berechtigten Schlüssel handelt, der noch kein weiteres Schloß verschlossen hat, und eine für das betroffene Schloß gültige Schließberechtigungskennung gesendet hat.

b) Ist die Berechtigung des Schlüssels (3) sichergestellt, werden über die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit (8) die digitalen Eingänge zur Feststellung des Schließstatus eingelesen und an die Steuereinheit (7) übermittelt. Wird von der Steuereinheit (7) erkannt, daß das Schloß (2) unverschlossen ist, geht die Schließvorrichtung in einen Wartezustand, bis von der Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit (8) die Information über die erfolgte Schließung an die Steuereinheit (7) übermittelt wurde.

c) Nachdem die Schließung erfolgt ist, wird der Schließstatus und die Kennung des Schlosses (2) vom aktiven elektronischen Schloß (2) zum passiven elektronischen Schlüssel (3) übertragen. Dort werden die Daten von der Steuereinheit (13) überprüft und nach positivem Prüfungsergebnis im Datenspeicher (9) des Schlüssels (3) abgelegt. Gleichzeitig wird die Schließberechtigungskennung des Schlüssels (3) und der Schließstatus im Datenspeicher (4) des Schlosses (2) gespeichert und über die Ein/Ausgabeeinheit (8) der digitale Ausgang zum Verriegeln des Schlosses gesetzt.

The process of locking with the locking device (1) according to the invention is first described:

a) If the passive electronic key (3) gets into the local electromagnetic antenna field of the active electronic lock (2), the lock (2) detects the locking authorization and the locking status of the key (3) via the sending and receiving units (5, 6; 10 , 11) and transferred from the key (3) to the lock (2). Subsequently, the control unit (7) checks the locking status received by the key (3) and decides whether it is an authorized key that has not yet locked another lock, and sends a locking authorization identifier that is valid for the lock concerned Has.

b) If the authorization of the key (3) is ensured, the digital inputs for determining the locking status are read in via the input / output unit (8) and transmitted to the control unit (7). If the control unit (7) detects that the lock (2) is unlocked, the locking device goes into a waiting state until the input / output unit (8) has transmitted the information about the closure to the control unit (7).

c) After the locking has taken place, the locking status and the identifier of the lock (2) are transmitted from the active electronic lock (2) to the passive electronic key (3). The data are checked there by the control unit (13) and, after a positive test result, are stored in the data memory (9) of the key (3). At the same time, the lock authorization identifier of the key (3) and the lock status are stored in the data memory (4) of the lock (2) and the digital output for locking the lock is set via the input / output unit (8).

a) Gelangt der passive elektronische Schlüssel (3) in das lokale elektromagnetische Antennenfeld des aktiven elektronischen Schlosses (2), wird seitens des Schlosses (2) die Schließberechtigungskennung und der Schließstatus des Schlüssels (3) über die Sende- und Empfangseinheiten (5, 6; 10, 11) angefragt und vom Schlüssel (3) zum Schloß (2) über diese übertragen. Im Anschluß daran wird von der Steuereinheit (7) eine Überprüfung der vom Schlüssel (3) empfangenen Schließberechtigungskennung und des Schließstatus durchgeführt und entschieden, ob es sich um den Schlüssel handelt, der zuletzt das betroffene Schloß (2) verschlossen hat.

b) Ist die Berechtigung des Schlüssels (3) sichergestellt, wird über die Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit (8) des Schlosses (2) der digitale Ausgang zum Verriegeln des Schlosses zurückgesetzt, worauf die Schließvorrichtung (1) in einen Wartezustand wechselt, bis von der Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit (8) die Information über die erfolgte Öffnung des Schlosses (2) an die Steuereinheit (7) übermittelt wurde.

c) Nachdem die Öffnung erfolgt ist, wird der Schließstatus des Schlosses (2) vom aktiven elektronischen Schloß (2) zum passiven elektronischen Schlüssel (3) übertragen. Dort werden die Daten von der Steuereinheit (13) überprüft und nach positivem Prüfungsergebnis im Datenspeicher (9) des Schlüssels (3) gelöscht. Gleichzeitig wird die Schließberechtigungskennung des Schlüssels (3) im Datenspeicher (4) des Schlosses (2) gelöscht.

The process for unlocking the locking device (1) is as follows:

a) If the passive electronic key (3) comes into the local electromagnetic antenna field of the active electronic lock (2), the lock authorization identifier and the locking status of the key (3) are transmitted by the lock (2) via the transmitting and receiving units (5, 6 ; 10, 11) requested and transmitted from the key (3) to the lock (2). Subsequently, the control unit (7) checks the locking authorization identifier received by the key (3) and the locking status and decides whether it is the key that last locked the lock (2) concerned.

b) If the authorization of the key (3) is ensured, the digital output for locking the lock is reset via the input / output unit (8) of the lock (2), whereupon the locking device (1) changes to a waiting state until the Input / output unit (8) the information about the successful opening of the lock (2) was transmitted to the control unit (7).

c) After the opening has taken place, the locking status of the lock (2) is transmitted from the active electronic lock (2) to the passive electronic key (3). There the data are checked by the control unit (13) and deleted after a positive test result in the data memory (9) of the key (3). At the same time, the locking authorization identifier of the key (3) in the data memory (4) of the lock (2) is deleted.

2 is to secure data traffic between the active electronic lock (2) and the passive electronic key (3) against counterfeiting, falsification or copy all for the closing process relevant data in the lock (2) and in the key (3) each a cryptography unit (14, 15) is provided.

3, the electronic lock (2) has a Clock (16). In the control device (13) of the key (3) is a certain period, for example of two Hours saved. This period is when closing transferred to the lock (2). In data storage (4) of the lock (2) the time is saved from which the period stored in the key (3) has been exceeded.

When opening, not only the Lock authorization identifier and the locking status of the Key (3) checked, but also whether the in the data store (4) the saved time is exceeded. is this time exceeded, the lock (2) can not press more with the key (3).

Fig. 4 shows three electronic locks (17, 18, 19) and two electronic keys (20, 21), the electronic locks (17, 18, 19) are not connected stand with each other or with a higher-level unit.

The locks (17, 18, 19) are not in closed state. With the key (20) one can the locks (17, 18, 19) each have a locker door, for example in the swimming pool to be selected with the key (20) lock the selected lock.

If the lock (17) is selected with the key (20), the closing status data are exchanged, such that with the key (20) after the closing process no further lock (18, 19) can be locked. It can also lock (17) with the additional key (21) not be operated as long as the assignment between the Key (20) and the lock (17). With the key (21) can only choose between the locks (18, 19) are taken.

After unassigning the key (20) and the lock (17) with the key (20) Lock (17) either be closed again or it can be another unlocked with the key (20) Castle (18, 19) can be selected.

reference numeral

1

closing device

2

Lock

3

key

4

data storage

5

Sending and receiving device

6

Transmitting and receiving antenna

7

control device

8th

Input / output unit

9

data storage

10

Sending and receiving device

11

Transmitting and receiving antenna

12

energy storage

13

control device

14

Cryptographic unit

15

Cryptographic unit

16

Clock

17, 18, 19

Castles

20, 21

key

Claims (12)

1. An abrasion-proof programmable electronic locking device, in particular for doors with changing locking rights, wherein the locking device (1) has at least one passive electronic key (3) and at least one active electronic lock (2), and lock and key are capable of being brought into a two-way, non-touching contact with one another in such a way that locking-status data are exchanged and stored during the locking and/or opening operation, characterised in that the locking rights of a key (3, 20, 21) are assigned to any unlocked lock (2, 17, 18, 19) immediately prior to the locking operation and/or during the locking operation, in that the locking status of the lock (2, 17, 18, 19) is storable on the key (3, 20, 21), and in that, after a locking operation, the key (3, 20, 21) ― on account of the status data stored therein ― becomes a key which is barred from further locking operations.
2. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the locking rights for the subsequent opening operation is in each case assigned immediately prior to the locking operation.
3. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the assignment of the locking rights is cancelled during the opening operation.
4. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that at least two locks (2, 17, 18, 19) form a locking system, in that the locks (2, 17, 18, 19) are designed so as to be independent of one another and independent of a central processing unit, in that the locks (2, 17, 18, 19) are designed so as to be operable independently of one another with the electronic keys (3, 20, 21 ), and in that the locking rights of a key (3, 20, 21 ) are assigned to any unlocked lock (2, 17, 18, 19) immediately prior to the locking operation and/or during the locking operation.
5. A locking device according to Claim 4, characterised in that the assignment of the locking rights of the key (3, 20, 21 ) to the lock (2, 17, 18, 19) is cancelled during and/or after the opening operation, and in that, in association with a new locking operation of a different or of the same unlocked lock (2, 17, 18, 19), the locking rights between key (3, 20, 21) and lock (2, 17,18, 19) are newly assigned with the key (3, 20, 21).
6. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lock (2) has at least one clock (16), the time and/or the date on the clock (16) being stored in the lock (2) and/or key (3) during a locking operation.
7. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lock (2) has at least one clock (16) which is designed in the form of a stop-clock, and in that the clock (16) is started during a locking operation.
8. A locking device according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the lock (2) is designed in such a way that, after a predetermined period of time, the lock (2) is barred to the key (3) assigned thereto.
9. A locking device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lock (2, 17, 18, 19) has at least one data store (4), a transmitting and receiving device (5), and an input/output unit (8), and in that the key (3, 20, 21) has at least one data store (9), a transmitting and receiving device (10), an energy store (12) and a control device (13).
10. A locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in each lock (2, 17, 18, 19) and/or key (3, 20, 21) at least one encrypting unit (14, 15) is provided which encodes the data to be transmitted.
11. A locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one lock (2, 17, 18, 19) and/or the at least one key (3, 20, 21) is designed so as to be battery-operated.
12. A locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lock (2, 17, 18, 19) and/or the key (3, 20, 21 ) is in the form of a lock (2, 17, 18, 19) or key (3, 20, 21) supplied with current via the transmitting and receiving device (5) by induction.

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