EP0910927B1 - Verfahren zum codieren und decodieren von stereoaudiospektralwerten - Google Patents

Verfahren zum codieren und decodieren von stereoaudiospektralwerten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0910927B1
EP0910927B1 EP97925036A EP97925036A EP0910927B1 EP 0910927 B1 EP0910927 B1 EP 0910927B1 EP 97925036 A EP97925036 A EP 97925036A EP 97925036 A EP97925036 A EP 97925036A EP 0910927 B1 EP0910927 B1 EP 0910927B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
code book
spectral values
stereo
stereo audio
audio spectral
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97925036A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0910927A1 (de
Inventor
Uwe Gbur
Martin Dietz
Bodo Teichmann
Karlheinz Brandenburg
Heinz GERHÄUSER
Jürgen HERRE
James Johnston
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
AT&T Labs Inc
Nokia of America Corp
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Lucent Technologies Inc
AT&T Labs Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H04S1/007—Two-channel systems in which the audio signals are in digital form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to coding and Decoding stereo audio spectral values and in particular on indicating the fact that stereo intensity coding is active.
  • Modern audio coding processes or decoding processes that work according to the MPEG Layer 3 standard, for example able to control the data rate of digital audio signals for example to compress by a factor of twelve without the Deteriorate noticeably.
  • MS stereo method Middle-side
  • IS method intensity stereo method
  • the MS stereo method known to those skilled in the art essentially uses the redundancy of the two channels with each other , with a sum of the two channels and a difference of the two channels, which is then calculated as modified channel data for the left or right channel be transmitted.
  • the redundancy removed in the encoder between the two channels is again in the decoder added. This means that the MS stereo procedure is exactly reconstructive is.
  • the intensity stereo method mainly uses the stereo irrelevance.
  • stereo irrelevance is to be said that the spatial perception of the human hearing system from the frequency of the perceived Audio signals depends. At lower frequencies amount and phase information of both stereo signals assessed by the human auditory system, whereby the perception of high frequency components mainly on the analysis of the energy-time envelopes of both channels is justified. So that's the exact phase information of signals in both channels for spatial perception Not relevant. This property of human hearing is used to further reduce the stereo irrelevance of audio signals using the intensity stereo method to use.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of the known IS method.
  • L i and R i here represent the stereo audio spectral values of channel L and channel R in any scale factor band.
  • the use of the IS method is only permitted above a certain IS cutoff frequency in order not to encode interference in the coded Introduce stereo audio spectral values. Therefore, the left and right channels must be coded separately in a range from 0 Hz to the IS cutoff frequency.
  • the determination of the IS cutoff frequency as such is carried out in a separate algorithm which does not form part of this invention. From this limit frequency, the encoder encodes the sum signal of the left channel 10 and the right channel 12, which is formed at the summation point 14.
  • the energy envelope i.e. the sum signal from left and right channel
  • Scaling information 16 for channel L and scaling information 18 for channel R for decoding necessary.
  • intensity stereo method as it is for example implemented in MPEG Layer 2 Transfer scale factors for the left and right channels.
  • the IS method in MPEG Layer 3 for IS-coded stereo audio spectral values Intensity direction information only in right channel are transmitted, with which then like it is set out later, the stereo audio spectral values be decoded again.
  • the scaling information 16 and 18 is called side information each in addition to the coded spectral values of channel L and channel R transmitted.
  • a decoder delivers on a decoded channel L '20 or on one decoded channel R '22 decoded audio signal values, where the scaling information 16 for the channel R and the Scaling information 18 for channel L with the decoded Stereo audio spectral values of the respective channels an L multiplier 24 or an R multiplier 26 multiplied by the originally encoded stereo audio spectral values to decode again.
  • Figure 2a shows a format of the encoded right channel R which for example with an audio coding method MPEG layer 3 is used. All other statements regarding the intensity stereo coding refer to the method according to the standard MPEG Layer 3.
  • the third line of FIG. 2a contains part of the page information 34 for the right channel.
  • This part of the side information 34 shown consists, on the one hand, of the scale factors skf for the area below the IS cut-off frequency and of direction information rinfo 36 for the area above the IS cut-off frequency 32.
  • This directional information is also used in the intensity stereo method to ensure a rough spatial resolution of the IS-coded frequency range.
  • This direction information rinfo 36 which is also called intensity positions (is_pos), is therefore transmitted in the right channel instead of the scale factors. It should be noted once again that below the IS cutoff frequency, the scale factors 34 corresponding to the scale factor bands 28 are still present in the right channel.
  • the intensity positions 36 indicate the perceived stereo imaging position (the ratio from left to right) of the signal source within the respective scale factor bands 28.
  • the format of the left channel is analog to the format of the right channel shown in FIG.
  • the combined spectrum I L i + R i can be found, and furthermore there is no direction information is_pos for the left channel, but normal scale factors.
  • the transition from the quantized sum spectral values not equal to zero to the zero values in the right channel can implicitly indicate the IS cut-off frequency to the decoder in the MPEG Layer 3 standard.
  • nint [x] represents the function "next integer", where E L and E R are the energies in the respective scale factor bands of the left and right channels.
  • the non-backward compatible NBC encoding method which is currently in the standardization process different from the standard audio coding process MPEG Layer 3 among other things, that in the bitstream syntax for this Do not just process exactly three regions from scale factor bands are allowed, but that so-called sections or "Sections" can be present in any number and have any number of scale factor bands can.
  • a section is now analogous to the previous one described method in MPEG Layer 3 to achieve a maximum redundancy reduction a corresponding Huffman table assigned from a plurality of such tables, which should then be used for decoding. In extreme cases for example, a section consists of only one single scale factor band. In practice, however, this will be tend not to occur because the necessary page information would be way too big.
  • the NBC process exist a total of 16 Huffman coding table numbers as 4-bit values be transmitted. This means that one of the twelve existing ones Coding table numbers can be selected.
  • the object of the present invention is methods for encoding or decoding stereo audio spectral values to create those for coding or decoding relevant information with minimal effort be signaled by side information.
  • This task is accomplished by a method of encoding stereo audio spectral values according to claim 1 and by a method for decoding partially using the intensity stereo method encoded stereo audio spectral values according to claim 2 solved.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that that additional coding table numbers that are not for reference used on coding tables, others for one Section can display relevant information.
  • the additional" Coding table numbers are the coding table numbers, that do not refer to coding tables.
  • By a 4-bit coding of twelve different coding table numbers are the numbers 13, 14 and 15 for an assignment with other information freely available to a certain extent.
  • two (No. 14 and No. 15) of the three (No. 13, No. 14 and No. 15) used additional coding table numbers, on the one hand to an intensity coding present in a section and on the other hand to the mutual phase position of IS-coded stereo audio spectral values in two stereo channels point out.
  • the unused additional coding table number 13 can be used to adapt to Huffman coding point out.
  • a method of encoding stereo audio spectral values and the method for decoding partially in the intensity stereo method encoded stereo audio spectral values according to a first embodiment of the present Invention use a novel presence signaling the intensity stereo coding within one Section.
  • the present invention are also 16 coding table numbers available. In contrast to the stand however, only the first 12 coding table numbers correspond to the technology (No. 1 to No. 12) real coding tables. With the help of the last and the penultimate coding table number it is now signaled that within the section, to which this coding table number is assigned, the Stereo intensity method is used.
  • FIG. 2b shows a format of the data for the right channel R in the presence of stereo intensity coding
  • the MPEG2-NBC method is used.
  • the difference to Fig. 2a, or to the MPEG Layer 3 method consists in that a user now has the flexibility, even above the IS cutoff frequency 32 is an intensity stereo coding of the Selective stereo audio spectral values for each section on or off.
  • the stereo audio spectral values above the IS cutoff frequency had IS coding for a section in any case, right up to the upper end of the spectral range IS encoded.
  • the new NBC process must now not for the entire spectral range above the IS limit activate the IS coding, but allows the same also switching off the IS coding, so this signals is. Since according to the bitstream syntax for a section anyway a coding table number must be transmitted, multiply themselves in the described signaling according to the invention not even the page information ("overhead").
  • the direction information 36 wherein these values themselves also a difference and Huffman coding be subjected.
  • the right channel contains encoded in IS Sections the sum signal of the left and the right channel. However, the sum signal is standardized in such a way that its energy within the respective scale factor bands after the IS decoding the energy of the left Channel corresponds. Therefore, the left channel in the case of a also used IS coding in the decoding device unchanged and does not have to be scaled back can be determined separately.
  • the stereo audio spectral values the right channel can now from the stereo audio spectral values using the left channel of the direction information is_pos 36 that in the page information of the right channel are calculated become.
  • the stereo intensity method results according to the prior art, two coherent signals for the left or right channel, which are only in its amplitude, i.e. Intensity, depending on the Distinguish directional information is_pos 36 (equations (4) and (5)).
  • R i denotes the back-calculated, ie decoded, stereo audio spectral values of the right channel.
  • sfb denotes the scale factor band 28 to which the direction information is_pos 36 is assigned.
  • L i denotes the stereo audio spectral values of the left channel, which are adopted unchanged in the decoder.
  • the coding table number 15 now indicates whether the first retroactive accounting rule to be used while the coding table number 14 indicates that the second retroactive accounting rule to be used, i.e. that the two channels are in phase opposition. It is obvious to experts that the expressions in-phase and in-phase in the sense this application are widely used. For example a phase discriminator can be provided, from one determined phase discriminator output value, for example Can be 90 °, determines that the signals are out of phase are the same with a phase difference of less 90 ° are considered to be in phase.
  • a section that consists of at least one scale factor band consists of the coding table numbers 14 or 15 the Phase relationship of the two channels to each other can be determined.
  • the Side information through IS and phase signaling are 8 bits for a section that consist of four bits for the section length and four bits for compile the coding table number 14 or 15. Should now encode an audio signal that is in scale factor bands its stereo audio spectral values make frequent changes in phase has, so according to the first embodiment with each reversal of the phase position of the scale factor band a new section ("section") for scale factor band be started.
  • a signal with a frequently changing So phasing creates a lot of sections since everyone Section by the coding table number assigned to it only either in-phase or out-of-phase of its stereo audio spectral values can display in the two channels.
  • An unfavorable signal therefore becomes a large number of sections and thus a large amount of page information to lead.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention allows a phase factor coding in scale factor band a section in which the intensity coding is active.
  • the present invention thus succeeds using an MS mask, which is described below, a scale factor band Phase position coding without an enlargement the number of sections and without an additional one Extra effort.
  • the MS scale factor information is not necessary because the MS coding must not be activated here.
  • the MS bit mask can be in this area can be used for other signaling. It is therefore possible to use the MS bit mask to detail the Display IS coding.
  • the information is exemplary embodiment in IS coding regarding the phase relationship of the channels in a section by means of the code table numbers 14 and 15.
  • the coding table numbers also indicate that in a Section the IS coding is active at all.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention MS bitmask used to scale scale bands in a section with different phases.
  • the MS bit mask now serves, in relation to the coding table number, which signals that an IS coding in one phase is active, the phase position of the individual scale factor bands in this section. Is a bit not set for a scale factor band in the MS bit mask (i.e. zero), they are identified by the coding table number for the section in which the scale factor band is located, Keep phase information displayed while with a set (i.e. one) bit in the MS bit mask for the scale factor band is given by the coding table number for the section where the scale factor band is located displayed phase position of the two channels is inverted. in the The principle is therefore an EXCLUSIVE-OR operation between the one indicated by the code table number Phase position and the MS bit mask.
  • phase relationships of the two stereo channels L and R calculated from the coding table number and MS bit mask in a scale factor band located in a section in which the IS coding is used are as follows: Coding table number (for a section) 15 15 14 14 MS - bit mask (for a scale scale band) 0 1 0 1 Phase position of L and R 0 180 ° 180 ° 0 ° Retroactive accounting regulation Eq. 7 Eq. 8th Eq. 8th Eq. 7
  • the described second exemplary embodiment of the present invention thus allows scale factor bands with stereo audio spectral values with different phase positions to occur in one section, as a result of which fewer sections than in the first exemplary embodiment have to be formed for coding. This means that less page information also has to be transmitted.
  • an adapted Huffman table can be generated.
  • the coding table number 13 has the coding device not to use any of the twelve fixed Huffman tables, but to use an adapted Huffman table that is not known a priori to the decoder. Then this is from Advantage if the signal statistics are not in a section ideally with one of the twelve predefined coding tables encoded, i.e. can be compressed. The coding is no longer restricted to the twelve fixed Huffman tables, but can optimally match the signal statistics Create and use the adapted table. The information via the adaptive coding table are used as additional page information transfer.
  • a decoding device needs this additional page information, to get out of the same ones when coding used Huffman adapted table to calculate the Huffman-encoded stereo audio spectral values are correct again to be able to decode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified block diagram of a decoder, which is the method for decoding according to the present Can carry out invention.
  • a decoder Partly in the intensity stereo process encoded audio spectral values are inverse Quantizers 38 and 40 fed, the inverse Quantizer the quantization introduced during coding undo. Then the dequantized Stereo audio spectral values in an MS decoder 42.
  • This MS decoder 42 does the one introduced in the encoder Undo mid-side encoding.
  • An IS decoder 44 now uses the retroactive accounting rules described above (7) and (8) to restore the original stereo audio spectral values also for the IS-coded scale factor bands to obtain.
  • Respective reverse transformation devices for the left or right channel now lead one Conversion of the stereo audio spectral values into stereo audio time values L (t), R (t) through. It’s obvious to professionals that the reverse transformation devices 46 and 48 for example can be performed by an inverse MDCT.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
EP97925036A 1996-07-12 1997-06-03 Verfahren zum codieren und decodieren von stereoaudiospektralwerten Expired - Lifetime EP0910927B1 (de)

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DE19628292 1996-07-12
DE19628292A DE19628292B4 (de) 1996-07-12 1996-07-12 Verfahren zum Codieren und Decodieren von Stereoaudiospektralwerten
PCT/EP1997/002874 WO1998003036A1 (de) 1996-07-12 1997-06-03 Verfahren zum codieren und decodieren von stereoaudiospektralwerten

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JP (1) JP3622982B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100316582B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE188832T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU712196B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2260090C (ko)
DE (2) DE19628292B4 (ko)
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ATE188832T1 (de) 2000-01-15
NO990106D0 (no) 1999-01-11
AU712196B2 (en) 1999-10-28
AU3031897A (en) 1998-02-09
ES2143868T3 (es) 2000-05-16
DE19628292A1 (de) 1998-01-15
GR3032444T3 (en) 2000-05-31
NO317570B1 (no) 2004-11-15
PT910927E (pt) 2000-04-28
WO1998003036A1 (de) 1998-01-22
KR100316582B1 (ko) 2002-02-28
EP0910927A1 (de) 1999-04-28
JP3622982B2 (ja) 2005-02-23
JP2000505266A (ja) 2000-04-25
KR20000022435A (ko) 2000-04-25
DE59701014D1 (de) 2000-02-17
DE19628292B4 (de) 2007-08-02
US6771777B1 (en) 2004-08-03
CA2260090C (en) 2000-10-17
DK0910927T3 (da) 2000-05-08
CA2260090A1 (en) 1998-01-22
NO990106L (no) 1999-03-10

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