EP0908676B1 - Method and device for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Method and device for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0908676B1
EP0908676B1 EP98118987A EP98118987A EP0908676B1 EP 0908676 B1 EP0908676 B1 EP 0908676B1 EP 98118987 A EP98118987 A EP 98118987A EP 98118987 A EP98118987 A EP 98118987A EP 0908676 B1 EP0908676 B1 EP 0908676B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
liquid
atomizing air
moistening
atomizing
boiler
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EP98118987A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0908676A3 (en
EP0908676A2 (en
Inventor
Per Rosén
Jan Wettergaard
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Carl Munters Euroform GmbH and Co KG
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Carl Munters Euroform GmbH and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002Supplying water
    • F23L7/005Evaporated water; Steam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating one with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, especially heating oil or natural gas, fired boiler with the characteristics of the generic term of Claim 1.
  • the invention relates also refer to a device for performing a such a method with the features of the preamble of claim 5.
  • Modern boilers are now fired with heating oil or natural gas.
  • the combustion of the hydrocarbons that form these fuels produces flue gases that contain certain undesirable constituents that lead to harmful air pollution.
  • a particularly harmful component here are nitrogen oxides or nitrogen oxides (NO x ).
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • a not insignificant part of these NO x emissions is generated by the flue gases from hydrocarbon-fired boilers.
  • NO x is harmful in that it contributes to the formation of the photochemical smog in a complicated manner. As a result, the amount of ozone near the ground can be increased. Furthermore, NO x leads to acidification of the soil and the water. It also poses a health risk, especially for asthma sufferers.
  • FR 2 555 711 A describes a method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device with the features of the preamble of claim 5 known.
  • the atomizing air arrives in a gas washer and is heated there Washed water, which is a scrubber for the flue gases is removed. Details of the water supply and contacting the water with the atomizing air are not disclosed in this publication. Furthermore is does not reveal why the atomizing air supplied is "washed" becomes.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, with which or with which the NO x content in the flue gases of the boiler can be reduced.
  • NO x is formed at high temperatures (above 1300 ° C), the proportion of which increases exponentially with increasing temperatures. Furthermore, a certain time and an excess of oxygen are required for the formation of NO x . Depending on the actual combustion conditions, different fractions of nitrogen oxides are formed. The high temperature peaks are compensated for by the supplied moist air. With respect to the total combustion air, the nitrogen source is also reduced and the excess of oxygen is somewhat reduced, since, unlike air, the water vapor produced does not contain any free oxygen.
  • the atomizing air for the fuel is subjected to the humidification process.
  • the liquid vapor content achieved by the moistening is intimately mixed with the fuel particles, so that the desired effect occurs.
  • the liquid vapor supplied is thus fed directly to the combustion core, as a result of which the desired combustion conditions are established, which result in a reduction in the NO x gases.
  • the humectant (preferably water) is convenient heated before contacting the atomizing air, to allow the appropriate formation of liquid vapor or to facilitate. It is only necessary heat the liquid slightly because by contacting the compressed atomizing air, if necessary large quantities of liquid evaporate and thus the Properties of the atomizing air changed significantly can be. A low temperature is achieved the atomizing air, which is beneficial to combustion affects to achieve or maintain.
  • the atomizing air is expediently in countercurrent contacted with the humectant.
  • the atomizing air from the bottom up and the humidifier led from top to bottom are expediently in countercurrent contacted with the humectant.
  • both media for contact in cross flow or even lead in direct current it is through it suitable in all directions.
  • the atomizing air is expediently used before humidification compressed (via a compressor or a blower), so that when they come into contact with the liquid accordingly is heated and evaporation through heat exchange of the liquid supplied.
  • the method according to the invention is completely self-regulating.
  • the liquid used is distilled by the process. Since the throughput of the atomizing air increases after the humidification process, there is the possibility of greatly reducing the energy consumption, more than is required for the use of an extra pump for circulating the liquid for the humidification process. In addition to reducing NO x emissions and other environmentally harmful substances in the flue gas of the boiler, the energy consumption for the blower or the compressor of the atomizing air can be reduced.
  • the humidification device is preferably in the atomizing air flow direction after a blower or compressor arranged for the atomizing air.
  • a blower or such a compressor is used for air supply anyway needed for the burner.
  • provided humidification device in existing Systems can be installed without much additional effort. To do this, the humidifier and a Liquid circuit integrated in the existing pipe system become.
  • the humidifier is preferably a humidification tower.
  • the humidification device itself has in particular one Connection for the atomizing air, a connection for the Humidifier and an atomizer for that Humectants.
  • a connection for the humidifier When training the humidification device as a humidification tower is the connection for the humidifier at the top of the tower, and the atomizer is located in the upper tower area.
  • the connection for the atomizing air is at the bottom Tower end.
  • the moistening device has a contact body contains the humidifier with Is atomized using the atomizing device (nozzle).
  • the humidifier thus falls in the form of a mist down and is collected at the bottom of the humidification tower, from which it is returned from the circuit to the upper end of the tower becomes.
  • the compressed and heated atomizing air from below into the humidification tower introduced and flows upwards, using the liquid mist comes into contact.
  • the outlet for the moistened Atomizing air is preferably also on upper end of the tower.
  • the device preferably also has a device for preheating the humidifier before contact with the atomizing air.
  • a heat exchanger which preferably receives thermal energy from the boiler of the device.
  • the liquid is pumped into a liquid circuit circulates the pump, the heat exchanger and contains the humidification tower.
  • the Liquid collected at the bottom of the humidification tower also be drained.
  • the liquid itself is preferably Water. However, other liquids or Liquid mixtures are used with which the same or an appropriate purpose can be achieved.
  • the invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment in connection with the single drawing in detail explained.
  • the drawing shows the schematic structure a device designed according to the invention.
  • the illustration shows schematically a boiler 1 with a Burner 2, which is connected to fuel via a fuel line 3, for example heating oil. Also owns the burner 2 an atomizing air supply line 4. Die atomizing air supplied with this serves for atomizing the fuel to form a fuel-air mixture, which is subjected to a combustion process.
  • Embodiment is the atomizing air from the blower 9 under pressure and in the heated state in a humidification tower 5 introduced.
  • the introduction follows at the bottom of the tower. From an appropriate line 8 the atomizing air is blown upwards.
  • a contact body 7 made of a suitable material.
  • a liquid feed line opens into the tower 10 shown liquid circuit. Act on the liquid it is water.
  • the water is pump 11 fed to a heat exchanger 12 and heated there. The thermal energy To heat the water, the boiler 1 come.
  • the water supplied is only partially evaporated. A larger part is collected in the lower one End range of the humidification tower 5 and from there put back into the liquid circuit 10. alternative excess water can be drained off, as at 13 shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, insbesondere Heizöl oder Erdgas, befeuerten Kessels mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 5.The present invention relates to a method for operating one with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, especially heating oil or natural gas, fired boiler with the characteristics of the generic term of Claim 1. The invention relates also refer to a device for performing a such a method with the features of the preamble of claim 5.

Moderne Heizkessel werden heute mit Heizöl oder Erdgas befeuert. Bei der Verbrennung der diese Brennstoffe bildenden Kohlenwasserstoffe entstehen Rauchgase, die bestimmte unerwünschte Bestandteile enthalten, die zu schädlichen Luftverunreinigungen führen. Ein besonders schädlicher Bestandteil sind hierbei die Stickstoffoxide oder Stickoxide (NOx). Ein nicht unwesentlicher Teil dieser NOx-Emissionen wird hierbei durch die Rauchgase von kohlenwasserstoffbefeuerten Heizkesseln erzeugt.Modern boilers are now fired with heating oil or natural gas. The combustion of the hydrocarbons that form these fuels produces flue gases that contain certain undesirable constituents that lead to harmful air pollution. A particularly harmful component here are nitrogen oxides or nitrogen oxides (NO x ). A not insignificant part of these NO x emissions is generated by the flue gases from hydrocarbon-fired boilers.

NOx ist insofern schädlich, als daß es in komplizierter Weise zur Entstehung des photochemischen Smogs beiträgt. Hierdurch kann der bodennahe Ozonanteil erhöht werden. Des weiteren führt NOx zu einer Übersäuerung des Bodens und der Gewässer. Es stellt ferner ein Gesundheitsrisiko insbesondere für Asthma-Kranke dar.NO x is harmful in that it contributes to the formation of the photochemical smog in a complicated manner. As a result, the amount of ozone near the ground can be increased. Furthermore, NO x leads to acidification of the soil and the water. It also poses a health risk, especially for asthma sufferers.

Aus der FR 2 555 711 A sind ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patenanspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 5 bekannt. Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung gelangt die Zerstäubungsluft in einen Gaswäscher und wird dort mit erhitztem Wasser gewaschen, das einem Gaswäscher für die Rauchgase entnommen wird. Einzelheiten über die Zuführung des Wassers und das Kontaktieren des Wassers mit der Zerstäubungsluft sind in dieser Veröffentlichung nicht offenbart. Ferner ist nicht offenbart, warum die zugeführte Zerstäubungsluft "gewaschen" wird.FR 2 555 711 A describes a method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a device with the features of the preamble of claim 5 known. In the known device, the atomizing air arrives in a gas washer and is heated there Washed water, which is a scrubber for the flue gases is removed. Details of the water supply and contacting the water with the atomizing air are not disclosed in this publication. Furthermore is does not reveal why the atomizing air supplied is "washed" becomes.

Aus der DE 15 207 C ist es bekannt, der Zerstäubungsluft aus einem Dampfkessel gewonnenen Dampf zuzuführen. From DE 15 207 C it is known the atomizing air to supply steam obtained from a steam boiler.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen befeuerten Kessels zu schaffen, mit dem bzw. mit der sich der NOx-Anteil in den Rauchgasen des Kessels verringern läßt.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, with which or with which the NO x content in the flue gases of the boiler can be reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanpruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a method of type described above by the characterizing Features of patent claim 1 solved.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung gelingt es, die NOx-Emissionen im Rauchgas des Kessels weiter abzusanken. Ferner kann hierdurch der Anteil von weiteren schädlichen Substanzen im Rauchgas reduziert werden. Auch kann der Energieverbrauch zum Betreiben des Kessels gesenkt werden. NOx wird bei hohen Temperaturen (über 1300 °C) gebildet, wobei dessen Anteil mit ansteigenden Temperaturen exponentiell ansteigt. Ferner ist zur Bildung von NOx eine gewisse Zeit und ein Überschuß an Sauerstoff erforderlich. In Abhängigkeit von den tatsächlichen Bedingungen bei der Verbrennung werden unterschiedliche Fraktionen von Stickoxiden gebildet. Durch die zugeführte feuchte Luft werden die hohen Temperaturspitzen ausgeglichen. In bezug auf die gesamte Verbrennungsluft werden ferner die Stickstoffquelle reduziert und der Überschuß an Sauerstoff etwas erniedrigt, da der erzeugte Wasserdampf im Gegensatz zu Luft keinen freien Sauerstoff enthält.With the solution according to the invention, it is possible to further reduce the NO x emissions in the flue gas of the boiler. Furthermore, this can reduce the proportion of other harmful substances in the flue gas. The energy consumption for operating the boiler can also be reduced. NO x is formed at high temperatures (above 1300 ° C), the proportion of which increases exponentially with increasing temperatures. Furthermore, a certain time and an excess of oxygen are required for the formation of NO x . Depending on the actual combustion conditions, different fractions of nitrogen oxides are formed. The high temperature peaks are compensated for by the supplied moist air. With respect to the total combustion air, the nitrogen source is also reduced and the excess of oxygen is somewhat reduced, since, unlike air, the water vapor produced does not contain any free oxygen.

Als bevorzugte Substanz für den Befeuchtungsprozeß findet Wasser oder Wasserdampf Verwendung. Finds as the preferred substance for the moisturizing process Use water or steam.

Es ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung, daß die Zerstäubungsluft für den Brennstoff dem Befeuchtungsprozeß unterzogen wird. Hierdurch wird der durch die Befeuchtung erzielte Flüssigkeitsdampfanteil innig mit den Brennstoffteilchen vermischt, so daß die gewünschte Wirkung eintritt. Der zugeführte Flüssigkeitsdampf wird somit direkt dem Verbrennungskern zugeführt, wodurch sich die gewünschten Verbrennungsbedingungen einstellen, die eine Reduzierung der NOx-Gase zur Folge haben.It is an essential aspect of the invention that the atomizing air for the fuel is subjected to the humidification process. As a result, the liquid vapor content achieved by the moistening is intimately mixed with the fuel particles, so that the desired effect occurs. The liquid vapor supplied is thus fed directly to the combustion core, as a result of which the desired combustion conditions are established, which result in a reduction in the NO x gases.

Das Befeuchtungsmittel (vorzugsweise Wasser) wird zweckmäßigerweise vor dem Kontaktieren der Zerstäubungsluft erhitzt, um die entsprechende Flüssigkeitsdampfbildung zu ermöglichen bzw. zu erleichtern. Es ist dabei lediglich erforderlich, die Flüssigkeit geringfügig zu erhitzen, da durch die Kontaktierung mit der ggf. komprimierten Zerstäubungsluft große Flüssigkeitsmengen verdampft und somit die Eigenschaften der Zerstäubungsluft wesentlich verändert werden können. Es gelingt dabei eine niedrige Temperatur der Zerstäubungsluft, die sich günstig auf die Verbrennung auswirkt, zu erreichen bzw. aufrechtzuerhalten.The humectant (preferably water) is convenient heated before contacting the atomizing air, to allow the appropriate formation of liquid vapor or to facilitate. It is only necessary heat the liquid slightly because by contacting the compressed atomizing air, if necessary large quantities of liquid evaporate and thus the Properties of the atomizing air changed significantly can be. A low temperature is achieved the atomizing air, which is beneficial to combustion affects to achieve or maintain.

Was die Kontaktierung der Flüssigkeit mit der Zerstäubungsluft anbetrifft, so werden die Flüssigkeit und die Zerstäubungsluft über einen Kontaktkörper geführt und auf diese Weise miteinander in Kontakt gebracht. Hierbei wird die Flüssigkeit vor der Baaufschlagung des Kontaktkörpers zerstäubt. Es ergibt sich eine innige Vermischung. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise wird zumindest ein Teil der Flüssigkeit verdampft und mit der Zerstäubungsluft mitgeführt. Der restliche Teil der Flüssigkeit kann gesammelt und dem Flüssigkeitskreislauf erneut zugeführt werden.As for the contacting of the liquid with the atomizing air is concerned, so are the liquid and the atomizing air passed over a contact body and on this Brought into contact with each other. in this connection becomes the liquid before the construction of the contact body atomized. It there is an intimate mixture. With this procedure, at least one Part of the liquid evaporates and with the atomizing air carried. The rest of the liquid can collected and fed to the liquid circuit again become.

Bei der auf diese Weise erfolgenden Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit (des Wassers) in einem Gasgemisch tritt die Verdampfung bei wesentlich niedrigeren Temperaturen auf als im Fall der Anwesenheit einer reinen Flüssigkeit. Durch das Auftreten der Verdampfung bei einer relativ niedrigen Temperatur ist es möglich, den Verdampfungsprozeß mit wenig Energie durchzuführen. Entsprechende Energie zum Vorerhitzen der Flüssigkeit steht in großen Mengen durch die vom Kessel gelieferte Wärme zur Verfügung.During the evaporation of the liquid in this way Evaporation occurs in a gas mixture at much lower temperatures than in In the presence of a pure liquid. By the Evaporation occurs at a relatively low temperature it is possible to do the evaporation process with little Perform energy. Appropriate energy for preheating the liquid is in large quantities by the Boiler supplied heat available.

Die Zerstäubungsluft wird zweckmäßigerweise in Gegenstrom mit dem Befeuchtungsmittel kontaktiert. So wird beispielsweise die Zerstäubungsluft von unten nach oben und das Befeuchtungsmittel von oben nach unten geführt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, beide Medien zum Kontaktieren im Kreuzstrom oder sogar auch im Gleichstrom zu führen. Es sind dadurch alle Richtungen geeignet.The atomizing air is expediently in countercurrent contacted with the humectant. For example the atomizing air from the bottom up and the humidifier led from top to bottom. However, it is also possible, both media for contact in cross flow or even lead in direct current. It is through it suitable in all directions.

Die Zerstäubungsluft wird zweckmäßigerweise vor dem Befeuchten komprimiert (über einen Kompressor oder ein Gebläse), so daß sie beim Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit entsprechend erhitzt ist und durch Wärmeaustausch die verdampfung der zugeführten Flüssigkeit ermöglicht. The atomizing air is expediently used before humidification compressed (via a compressor or a blower), so that when they come into contact with the liquid accordingly is heated and evaporation through heat exchange of the liquid supplied.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist vollständig selbstregelnd. Die verwendete Flüssigkeit wird durch das Verfahren destilliert. Da der Durchsatz der Zerstäubungsluft nach dem Befeuchtungsprozeß ansteigt, besteht die Möglichkeit, den Energieverbrauch stark zu reduzieren, und zwar mehr als für den Einsatz einer Extrapumpe zur Umwälzung der Flüssigkeit für den Befeuchtungsprozeß benötigt wird. Neben der Reduzierung der NOx-Emissionen und von anderen umweltschädlichen Substanzen im Rauchgas des Kessels läßt sich der Energieverbrauch für das Gebläse bzw. den Kompressor der Zerstäubungsluft reduzieren.The method according to the invention is completely self-regulating. The liquid used is distilled by the process. Since the throughput of the atomizing air increases after the humidification process, there is the possibility of greatly reducing the energy consumption, more than is required for the use of an extra pump for circulating the liquid for the humidification process. In addition to reducing NO x emissions and other environmentally harmful substances in the flue gas of the boiler, the energy consumption for the blower or the compressor of the atomizing air can be reduced.

Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird fener bei einer Vorrichtung der angegebenen Art durch das kennzeichnende Merkmal von Patentanspruch 5 gelöst.The above-mentioned task will be performed on a Device of the specified type by the characteristic Feature of claim 5 solved.

Vorzugsweise ist die Befeuchtungseinrichtung in Zerstäubungsluftströmungsrichtung nach einem Gebläse oder Kompressor für die Zerstäubungsluft angeordnet. Ein derartiges Gebläse bzw. ein derartiger Kompressor wird ohnehin zur Luftzuführung für den Brenner benötigt. Überhaupt kann die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Befeuchtungseinrichtung in bestehende Systeme ohne großen Zusatzaufwand eingebaut werden. Hierzu müssen die Befeuchtungseinrichtung und ein Flüssigkeitskreis in das bestehende Leitungssystem integriert werden. Bei der Befeuchtungseinrichtung handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen Befeuchtungsturm.The humidification device is preferably in the atomizing air flow direction after a blower or compressor arranged for the atomizing air. Such a blower or such a compressor is used for air supply anyway needed for the burner. In general, according to the invention provided humidification device in existing Systems can be installed without much additional effort. To do this, the humidifier and a Liquid circuit integrated in the existing pipe system become. The humidifier is preferably a humidification tower.

Die Befeuchtungseinrichtung selbst hat insbesondere einen Anschluß für die Zerstäubungsluft, einen Anschluß für das Befeuchtungsmittel und eine Zerstäubungseinrichtung für das Befeuchtungsmittel. Bei Ausbildung der Befeuchtungseinrichzung als Befeuchtungsturm befindet sich der Anschluß für das Befeuchtungsmittel am oberen Turmende, und die Zerstäubungseinrichtung ist im oberen Turmbereich angeordnet. Der Anschluß für die Zerstäubungsluft befindet sich am unteren Turmende. Hierbei findet somit ein Kontakt zwischen Befeuchtungsmittel und Zerstäubungsluft im Gegenstrom statt, wobei die Befeuchtungseinrichtung einen Kontaktkörper enthält, auf den das Befeuchtungsmittel mit Hilfe der Zerstäubungseinrichtung (Düse) zerstäubt wird. Das Befeuchtungsmittel fällt somit in der Form eines Nebels nach unten und wird am Boden des Befeuchtungsturmes gesammelt, von dem es aus dem Kreislauf zum oberen Turmende zurückgeführt wird. Gleichzeitig wird die komprimierte und erhitzte Zerstäubungsluft von unten in den Befeuchtungsturm eingeführt und strömt nach oben, wobei sie mit dem Flüssigkeitsnebel in Kontakt tritt. Der Auslaß für die befeuchtete Zerstäubungsluft befindet sich vorzugsweise ebenfalls am oberen Turmende.The humidification device itself has in particular one Connection for the atomizing air, a connection for the Humidifier and an atomizer for that Humectants. When training the humidification device as a humidification tower is the connection for the humidifier at the top of the tower, and the atomizer is located in the upper tower area. The The connection for the atomizing air is at the bottom Tower end. There is thus contact between the humidifier and atomizing air in counterflow, wherein the moistening device has a contact body contains the humidifier with Is atomized using the atomizing device (nozzle). The humidifier thus falls in the form of a mist down and is collected at the bottom of the humidification tower, from which it is returned from the circuit to the upper end of the tower becomes. At the same time, the compressed and heated atomizing air from below into the humidification tower introduced and flows upwards, using the liquid mist comes into contact. The outlet for the moistened Atomizing air is preferably also on upper end of the tower.

Vorzugsweise besitzt die Vorrichtung ferner eine Einrichtung zum Vorerhitzen des Befeuchtungsmittels vor dem Kontakt mit der Zerstäubungsluft. Bei dieser Einrichtung handelt es sich zweckmäßigerweise um einen Wärmetauscher, der vorzugsweise Wärmeenergie vom Kessel der Vorrichtung erhält. Die Flüssigkeit wird mit einer Pumpe in einem Flüssigkeitskreislauf umgewälzt, der die Pumpe, den Wärmetauscher und den Befeuchtungsturm enthält. Wahlweise kann die am unteren Ende des Befeuchtungsturmes gesammelte Flüssigkeit auch abgelassen werden.The device preferably also has a device for preheating the humidifier before contact with the atomizing air. Acting at this facility it is expediently a heat exchanger which preferably receives thermal energy from the boiler of the device. The liquid is pumped into a liquid circuit circulates the pump, the heat exchanger and contains the humidification tower. Optionally, the Liquid collected at the bottom of the humidification tower also be drained.

Bei der Flüssigkeit selbst handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Wasser. Es können jedoch auch andere Flüssigkeiten bzw. Flüssigkeitsgemische Verwendung finden, mit denen der gleiche oder ein entsprechender Zweck erreicht werden kann.The liquid itself is preferably Water. However, other liquids or Liquid mixtures are used with which the same or an appropriate purpose can be achieved.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles in Verbindung mit der einzigen Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Vorrichtung.The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment in connection with the single drawing in detail explained. The drawing shows the schematic structure a device designed according to the invention.

Die Darstellung zeigt schematisch einen Kessel 1 mit einem Brenner 2, der über eine Brennstoffleitung 3 mit Brennstoff, beispielsweise Heizöl, versorgt wird. Ferner besitzt der Brenner 2 eine Zerstäubungsluftzuführleitung 4. Die hiermit zugeführte Zerstäubungsluft dient zum Zerstäuben des Brennstoffes zur Ausbildung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches, das einem Verbrennungsprozeß unterzogen wird.The illustration shows schematically a boiler 1 with a Burner 2, which is connected to fuel via a fuel line 3, for example heating oil. Also owns the burner 2 an atomizing air supply line 4. Die atomizing air supplied with this serves for atomizing the fuel to form a fuel-air mixture, which is subjected to a combustion process.

Die Zerstäubungsluft wird normalerweise über ein bei 9 gezeigtes Gebläse dem Brenner zugeführt. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform wird die Zerstäubungsluft vom Gebläse 9 unter Druck und im erhitzten Zustand in einen Sefeuchtungsturm 5 eingeführt. Die Einführung erfolgt dabei am unteren Ende des Turmes. Von einer entsprechenden Leitung 8 wird die Zerstäubungsluft nach oben abgeblasen. Innerhalb des Befeuchtungsturmes 5 befindet sich ein Kontaktkörper 7 aus einem geeigneten Material. In das obere Ende des Turmes mündet eine Flüssigkeitszuführleitung eines bei 10 gezeigten Flüssigkeitskreises. Bei der Flüssigkeit handelt es sich um Wasser. Das Wasser wird über die Pumpe 11 einem Wärmetauscher 12 zugeführt und dort erhitzt. Die Wärmeenergie zum Erhitzen des Wassers kann dabei vom Kessel 1 stammen. Nach dem Passieren des Wärmetauschers 12 gelangt das erhitzte Wasser in den Befeuchtungsturm und wird von dort über eine Zerstäubungseinrichtung 6 (Düse) auf den Kontaktkörper 7 zerstäubt. Der gebildete Wassernebel rinnt entlang dem Kontaktkörper 7 nach unten und trifft dabei auf die aufsteigende Zerstäubungsluft. Dabei entzieht der Wassernebel der Zerstäubungsluft Wärme und verdampft. Die weiter aufsteigende Zerstäubungsluft, die auf diese Weise mit Wasserdampf angereichert wird, verläßt den Befeuchtungsturm 5 am oberen Ende und wird über die erwähnte Zerstäubungsluftzuführleitung 4 dem Brenner zugeführt.The atomizing air is normally above that shown at 9 Fan fed to the burner. In the case of the invention Embodiment is the atomizing air from the blower 9 under pressure and in the heated state in a humidification tower 5 introduced. The introduction follows at the bottom of the tower. From an appropriate line 8 the atomizing air is blown upwards. Within of the humidification tower 5 is a contact body 7 made of a suitable material. In the upper end A liquid feed line opens into the tower 10 shown liquid circuit. Act on the liquid it is water. The water is pump 11 fed to a heat exchanger 12 and heated there. The thermal energy To heat the water, the boiler 1 come. After passing through the heat exchanger 12 arrives the heated water in the humidification tower and is from there via an atomizing device 6 (nozzle) Contact body 7 atomized. The water mist formed runs down down along the contact body 7 and thereby strikes the rising atomizing air. The water mist escapes the atomizing air heat and evaporate. The further rising atomizing air that in this way with Water vapor is enriched, leaves the humidification tower 5 at the upper end and is via the atomizing air supply line mentioned 4 fed to the burner.

Im Befeuchtungsturm 5 wird das zugeführte Wasser nur teilweise verdampft. Ein größerer Teil sammelt sich im unteren Endbereich des Befeuchtungsturmes 5 an und wird von dort wieder in den Flüssigkeitskreislauf 10 gegeben. Alternativ kann überschüssiges Wasser abgelassen werden, wie bei 13 gezeigt.In the humidification tower 5, the water supplied is only partially evaporated. A larger part is collected in the lower one End range of the humidification tower 5 and from there put back into the liquid circuit 10. alternative excess water can be drained off, as at 13 shown.

Claims (6)

  1. A method of operating a boiler (1) fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, especially heating fuel oil or natural gas, according to which fuel and atomizing air are supplied to the burner (2) of the boiler and the formed fuel-air mixture is burned, wherein the atomizing air is subjected to a moistening process prior to mixing with the fuel, said moistening process comprising contacting the atomizing air with a liquid for moistening, and wherein the liquid is heated prior to the contact with the atomizing air, characterized by the following steps:
    1. Atomizing the liquid and forming a liquid mist;
    2. passing the liquid mist and the atomizing air over a contact body (7) and contacting the liquid mist and the atomizing air at the contact body (7);
    3. Evaporizing of at least a part of the liquid mist by contact with the atomizing air; and
    4. Carrying along the evaporated part of the liquid with the atomizing air.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the atomizing air is contacted with the liquid in counterflow.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat energy generated by the boiler (1) is used for preheating the liquid.
  4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the atomizing air is compressed prior to the moistening.
  5. A device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, said device comprising a boiler (1) with burner (2) and a fuel supply line (3) as well as an atomizing air supply line (4) for the burner (2), wherein a moistening means (5) for the atomizing air is provided in the burner (2) or in the atomizing air supply line (3), said moistening means (5) having a connection for the atomizing air and a connection for the liquid used for moistening, and wherein the device includes means (12) for preheating the liquid prior to contact with the atomizing air, characterized in that the moistening means (5) includes atomizing means (6) for the liquid and a contact body (7).
  6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the moistening means (5) is located downstream of a blower or compressor (9) for the atomizing air in flow direction of the atomizing air.
EP98118987A 1997-10-10 1998-10-07 Method and device for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime EP0908676B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19744867 1997-10-10
DE19744867A DE19744867A1 (en) 1997-10-10 1997-10-10 Method and device for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons

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EP0908676A2 EP0908676A2 (en) 1999-04-14
EP0908676A3 EP0908676A3 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0908676B1 true EP0908676B1 (en) 2003-01-08

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US6464492B1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-10-15 John Zink Company, Llc Methods of utilizing boiler blowdown for reducing NOx
CA2430088A1 (en) 2003-05-23 2004-11-23 Acs Engineering Technologies Inc. Steam generation apparatus and method
US8858223B1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2014-10-14 Proe Power Systems, Llc Glycerin fueled afterburning engine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE15207C (en) * W. D. DlCKEY in New-York, V. St. A Innovations in steam boiler systems
US3183864A (en) * 1962-02-14 1965-05-18 Combustion Eng Method and system for operating a furnace
US3938934A (en) * 1974-11-08 1976-02-17 Scm Corporation Fuel economizer process and apparatus
US4009984A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-03-01 Morrison Charles F Vapor injection system for fuel combustion
US4089633A (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-05-16 Barghout Alexander S Combustion vapor generator
US4173450A (en) * 1976-03-29 1979-11-06 Allied Energy Corporation Device for injecting air processed to increase its humidity into oil burning furnaces
US4162140A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-07-24 John Zink Company NOx abatement in burning of gaseous or liquid fuels
DE3025851C2 (en) * 1980-07-08 1982-06-03 Johannes Josef Dr.-Ing. 8000 München Martin Grate firing
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US5620503A (en) * 1993-11-04 1997-04-15 Tom Miller, Inc. Humidifier and method for humidifying air
US5832846A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-11-10 Public Service Electric And Gas Corporation Water injection NOx control process and apparatus for cyclone boilers

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DE59806854D1 (en) 2003-02-13
US6210150B1 (en) 2001-04-03
DE19744867A1 (en) 1999-04-15
EP0908676A3 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0908676A2 (en) 1999-04-14

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