EP0905348A2 - Lame de coupe pour élargisseur - Google Patents

Lame de coupe pour élargisseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0905348A2
EP0905348A2 EP98122696A EP98122696A EP0905348A2 EP 0905348 A2 EP0905348 A2 EP 0905348A2 EP 98122696 A EP98122696 A EP 98122696A EP 98122696 A EP98122696 A EP 98122696A EP 0905348 A2 EP0905348 A2 EP 0905348A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wear resistant
blade
face
resistant assemblies
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98122696A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0905348A3 (fr
EP0905348B1 (fr
Inventor
designation of the inventor has not yet been filed The
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smith International Inc
Original Assignee
Red Baron Oil Tools Rental Ltd
Smith International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Red Baron Oil Tools Rental Ltd, Smith International Inc filed Critical Red Baron Oil Tools Rental Ltd
Priority claimed from EP95935506A external-priority patent/EP0788578B1/fr
Publication of EP0905348A2 publication Critical patent/EP0905348A2/fr
Publication of EP0905348A3 publication Critical patent/EP0905348A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0905348B1 publication Critical patent/EP0905348B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a blade for an underreamer, that is to say a blade for a reaming tool for use in subterranean well bore.
  • 2-stage underreamers have been proposed in which the bodies of the upper and lower stages are releasably secured to each other by way of a threaded interconnection. Whilst such an arrangement considerably assists the manufacture of the tools it suffers from the disadvantage that very close manufacturing tolerances are necessary if, when the upper and lower body parts are screwed together, the blades on the upper and lower parts are to end up at exactly the correct angular position relative to each other. Further, the presence of a screw-threaded joint between the upper and lower stages of the tool reduces the strength of the body as compared with the strength of a unitary body.
  • a 2-stage underreamer is disclosed in prior art document US 5,036,921.
  • the underreamer described in this prior art document incorporates two pairs of blades mounted in a unitary supporting body and operable by the action of hydraulic fluid on the circular faces of two pistons.
  • a blade for an underreamer comprising an arm of steel and a multiplicity of wear resistant assemblies secured to the arm, wherein the wear resistant assemblies are provided on a gauge face and on an adjacent cutting face of the blade, the multiplicity of wear resistant assemblies being secured to the arm as an integral unitary member by means of a single base component in which the multiplicity of wear resistant assemblies is embedded, the base component being secured to the arm by welding or brazing.
  • the reamer 1 comprises a unitary body 2 in which is formed an upper slot 3 and a lower slot 4.
  • the slots extend completely through the body to provide respective upper and lower pockets.
  • a pair of upper blades 5A and 5B are mounted in the slot 3 and a pair of lower blades 6A and 6B are mounted in the lower slot 4.
  • the blades 5A,5B,6A,6B are pivotally connected to the body by means of pivot pins 7,8.
  • the central longitudinal planes of the slots 3,4 are mutually perpendicular to each other.
  • an adapter 9 is screw threadedly engaged with a screw-thread 10 provided on the upper end of the body 2.
  • the adapter 9 has a conventional tapered connecting thread 11 at the upper end thereof for engagement with tools or a drill string to which the 2-stage underreamer is connected.
  • the 2-stage underreamer will be connected via suitable subs to a downhole motor to provide for rotation of the 2-stage underreamer to effect reaming of a body located within a well bore.
  • the adapter 9 includes a through bore 12 for communicating fluid to the interior of the body 10.
  • the body 2 Immediately below the adapter 9 the body 2 defines a cylinder portion 13 in which an upper piston 14 is slidably mounted.
  • a seal 15 provided on the piston 14 sealingly engages the cylinder 13.
  • the zone of the cylinder 13 below the seal 15 is vented to the exterior of the tool via a vent passage 16.
  • a spring 17 biases the piston 14 upwardly as viewed in Figure 2B.
  • the piston 14 includes a central passage 18 which communicates at the upper end of the piston with the space above the piston and, at the lower end of the passage 18, with a multiplicity of slots 19 which connect the passage 18 to the exterior of the piston.
  • the piston 14 In the absence of fluid pressure within the cylinder 13 the piston 14 will adopt the position illustrated in Figure 2B under the influence of the spring 17. In this position the slots 19 overlap slightly with an annular groove 20 formed in the bore 21 of the body 2 thereat.
  • the groove 20 in turn communicates via generally radially extending passages (not shown) with bypass passages 22 provided for communicating fluid flow past the blades 5A,5B.
  • the piston 14 engages the blades via a cam member 23 which is secured to the lower end of the piston 14 by a pin 24.
  • the arrangement of the cam member 23 and the blades 5A,5B is substantially the same as the arrangement of the cam member 25 and the blades 6A,6B of the lower reaming stage.
  • Figure 2C illustrates in more detail the arrangement of the cam member 25 and the lower blades 6A and 6B.
  • the blades 5A,5B and 6A,6B are pivotally mounted within respective slots 3,4 by means of pivot pins 8 which extends through and are secured to the body 2.
  • the blades 5A,5B and 6A,6B are acted on by respective common torsion springs which tend to maintain the blades in the configuration illustrated in Figure 2.
  • cam surfaces 26 at the upper extremities of the blades are presented to the lower faces 27 of the cam member 23,25.
  • Downward movement of the cam members will force the blade 6B to rotate clockwise as viewed in Figure 2C and will simultaneously force the blade 6A to rotate anti-clockwise as viewed in Figure 2C.
  • Continued downward movement of the cam member 25 will produce continued rotation of the blades 6A,6B until they assume the configuration illustrated in Figure 5.
  • a stop shoulder 28 is provided on the body 2 for each blade 6A,6B (only the stop shoulder 28 for the blade 6A is illustrated in Figure 2C) to be engaged by respective corresponding shoulders 29 on the blades when the blades are in the fully extended position as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the flow passages 22 are provided by machining appropriate grooves in the outer surface of the body 2 and then closing the machined grooves by means of cover plates 30 which are welded in position. By this means, flow passages can be established from the groove 20 to passages 31 ( Figure 2C) which extend radially inwardly from the passages 22 to a central cylinder 32 formed in the body 2.
  • the passages 22 continue downwardly of the tool beyond the passages 31, past the blades 6A,6B and terminate close to the lower end of the tool.
  • Radially extending slots 33 extend from the lower end of each passage 22 into the interior bore 34 of the body adjacent the lower end thereof.
  • a further set of passages 35 ( Figure 2C) extend radially inwardly from the passages 22 to the bore 32.
  • the passages 31 allow fluid pressure from the passages 22 to be communicated to the cylinder 32 to act on the full circular cross-sectional area of the upper face 45 of the lower piston 36. Fluid pressure acting on the piston 36 produces a downward force on the cam member 25 to shift the blades 6A,6B as described above.
  • a spring 37 is provided to act on the piston 36 to bias the piston 36 into its upper position (corresponding to retraction of the blades) in the absence of fluid pressure within the cylinder 32.
  • the space in which the spring 37 is housed is vented to the exterior of the tool via a vent passage 38.
  • Fluid pressure from the passages 22 is admitted via the passages 35 to the annular chamber 39 located between a sleeve 40 and an annular portion 41 of the piston 36.
  • the annular piston portion 41 is connected to the upper face portion 45 by means of a rod 70.
  • the sleeve 40 is fixed relative to the body 2 by means of pins 42 and is sealed to the bore of the body by an O-ring 43 and to the piston by an O-ring 44.
  • Pressure in the chamber 39 acts over the annular area of the piston portion 41 to provide a force which supplements that produced by pressure acting over the full circular area of the upper face 45 of the piston.
  • the lower end of the tool is fitted with a plug 46 which is secured to the body by means of pins 47.
  • An O-ring 48 seals between the plug 46 and the bore 34 of the body to close the bore 34 at the upper end of the plug 46.
  • the lower end of the plug 46 is fitted with a nozzle 49 to provide a restricted outlet 50 from the chamber 51 into which the passages 33 discharge.
  • the nozzle 50 restricts outward flow of the fluid and thereby provides a back pressure to effect movement of the pistons as described above.
  • the lower extremity of the body 2 is provided with a screw-thread connection 52 enabling the tool to be connected to other components located therebelow.
  • the pivot pins 7,8 which rotatably mount the blades 5A,5B and 6A,6B respectively are substantially identical.
  • the pivot pin 7 is shown in more detail in Figure 3 and comprises a body 53 having a head portion 54 and a shaft portion 55.
  • the head portion 54 includes a drive socket 56 to enable a tool to be applied to the pin for the purpose of rotating the pin during insertion and removal thereof.
  • the exterior surface of the head portion 54 is formed with screw-threads which engage mating screw-threads provided in the body 2.
  • the end of the shaft 55 remote from the head 54 is formed with a locking arrangement 57 to prevent accidental loosening of the pin.
  • the end of the pin is split longitudinally to form a multiplicity, for example four, individual fingers 58.
  • the pin end is also counterbored and threaded so that the fingers 58 define a threaded socket 59.
  • the exterior of the fingers 58 lie on a circular cylinder which is an extension of the cylindrical profile of the main part of the shaft 55.
  • the socket 59 is formed with an NPT tapered thread.
  • the fingers 58 splay outwardly somewhat from the base of the fingers - i.e. the exterior surfaces of the fingers lie on a cone which diverges away from the head 54.
  • the wall 61 of the pin receiving bore tapers at a mating angle so that when the pin is in position the exterior of the fingers 58 lie against the corresponding tapered portion of the wall 61.
  • the end of the pin is formed with a parallel threaded socket into which an appropriate locking screw is inserted after the pin has been fully screwed home in order to prevent radially inward movement of the fingers and thereby prevent accidental loosening of the pin.
  • the locking screw is of a relatively soft metal, for example brass, and is somewhat oversized relative to the screw-thread provided in the socket. Accordingly, as the screw is driven home the socket in the pin will act as a die to cut a tight thread on the screw.
  • a groove is preferably provided adjacent the mouth of the socket 59 to receive a circlip which will prevent accidental slackening of the locking screw.
  • the pin is locked tight in position by means of a screw which itself is prevented from accidental backing off by a circlip located within a groove formed at the mouth of the screw-threaded socket 59.
  • the body 2 is, as illustrated in the drawings, unitary. In order to assist manufacture the body may be fabricated from several parts, but these parts are preferably permanently joined together (as by welding) to form the unitary structure described above.
  • the upper piston 14 and its associated seals together with the spring 17 are loaded into the bore of the tool via the open upper end of the body 2 before the adapter 9 is connected.
  • the components of the lower piston assembly are inserted via the lower end of the tool before the closure plug 46 is positioned.
  • the blades 5A,5B and 6A,6B preferably comprise bodies of alloy steel having secured thereto one or more wear resistant assemblies of diamond and/or tungsten carbide.
  • the diamond/tungsten carbide material may be secured direct to the steel bodies of the blades but, in a preferred embodiment, the diamond/tungsten carbide members are themselves secured to a base e.g. of a tungsten nickel cobalt matrix which is itself then secured to a steel base arm as by braising.
  • a base e.g. of a tungsten nickel cobalt matrix which is itself then secured to a steel base arm as by braising.
  • wear resistant member for securing to a base in order to form a blade suitable for use in an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 6-8.
  • the illustrated member comprises a body 51 of a tungsten nickel cobalt matrix having embedded therein hard and wear resistant materials in the critical zones A,B,C and D.
  • the body 51 is secured as by brazing to a steel base arm in order to form a blade assembly for use in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wear resistant member 52 is generally C-shaped to present a lower drilling face A which, during downward movement of the tool will act to drill material contacted by the drilling face A; a back reaming face C which, during upward movement of the tool will ream material coming into contact with the back reaming face C; a gauge face D to maintain the gauge diameter of the hole through which the tool passes and a transition face B which connects the drilling face A to the gauge face D and is effective to remove material close to the gauge diameter during downward drilling with the tool.
  • the body 52 is substantially C-shaped and underlies the hardwearing material in all the above described zones.
  • the profile of the body 51 is designed to mate with the steel base arm and to provide satisfactory surfaces for brazing.
  • the body 51 includes any necessary reinforcing, e.g. in the form of a web 53 to prevent thermal distortion of the body during manufacturing.
  • zone A the drilling face
  • transition zone B is also set with diamonds regularly spaced and off-set to give full coverage, but these diamonds are longer in relation to diameter to give better bonding and/or wear life.
  • the diamonds in the transition zone B may have a length to diameter ratio of 2:1.
  • location C the back reaming face
  • the surface is set with diamonds regularly spaced and off-set to give complete coverage.
  • the gauge face is provided with elongate bars 54 of suitable material, for example thermally stable polycrystalline diamond or tungsten carbide.
  • the bars are set proud of the gauge face to ensure a cutting or cleaning action and the bars are spaced apart by slots 55 to allow material removed by the bars to be cleared from the cutting faces of the bars by drilling mud flowing upwardly past the tool.
  • the surfaces thereof taper to blend into the radius of the transition face B.
  • the bars 54 are of a dovetail shape in order to assist bonding of the bars to the body 51.
  • references herein to "diamond” include natural diamond materials, thermally stable diamond materials and polycrystalline diamond materials and that references to wear resistant material include diamond materials, tungsten carbide and other hard abrasion resistant materials.
  • the above described wear resistant member may conveniently be formed by a moulding process in which a mould is formed from carbon to provide the desired profile for the wear resistant member.
  • the alternative wear resistant member 56 exhibits the same general zones A,B,C and D as the wear resistant member 52 illustrated in Figures 6-8.
  • the zones A,B and C are provided with natural diamond inserts 57 which are suitably spaced and offset to give full area coverage as the tool rotates.
  • the diamonds in the transition zone B may have the preferred length: diameter ratio 2:1 as with the inserts of the arrangements of Figures 6-8.
  • tungsten carbide inserts 58 in the form of rectangular blocks are provided to ensure wear resistance in the gauge area.
  • the tungsten carbide inserts 58 alternate with rows of natural diamond inserts 57 in the gauge face D.
  • Both tungsten carbide inserts 58 and diamond inserts 57 in the gauge face D are set proud of the metal in which they are embedded to provide raised cutting and wear resistant surfaces.
  • thermally stable diamond inserts 59 are provided at the lower end of each tungsten carbide insert 58 in the region of the junction between the gauge face D and the transition face B.
  • the wear resistant blades described above is particularly suitable for use in the 2-stage underreamer described it will be appreciated that the blade arrangement may have alternative uses and, in particular, may be used in downhole tools other than 2-stage underreamers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
EP98122696A 1994-10-31 1995-10-31 Lame de coupe pour élargisseur Expired - Lifetime EP0905348B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9422022 1994-10-31
GB9422022A GB9422022D0 (en) 1994-10-31 1994-10-31 Two stage underreamer
GB9505430 1995-03-17
GBGB9505430.0A GB9505430D0 (en) 1994-10-31 1995-03-17 2-stage underreamer
EP95935506A EP0788578B1 (fr) 1994-10-31 1995-10-31 Elargisseur a deux etages

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95935506A Division EP0788578B1 (fr) 1994-10-31 1995-10-31 Elargisseur a deux etages

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0905348A2 true EP0905348A2 (fr) 1999-03-31
EP0905348A3 EP0905348A3 (fr) 1999-06-30
EP0905348B1 EP0905348B1 (fr) 2005-01-26

Family

ID=10763721

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98122696A Expired - Lifetime EP0905348B1 (fr) 1994-10-31 1995-10-31 Lame de coupe pour élargisseur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0905348B1 (fr)
GB (2) GB9422022D0 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109667544A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种岩体钻孔扩孔器及扩孔方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644673A (en) * 1949-09-26 1953-07-07 Baker Oil Tools Inc Expansible rotary drill bit and cutter
US3851719A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-12-03 American Coldset Corp Stabilized under-drilling apparatus
GB1464464A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-02-16 Mindrill Ltd Drill comprising a tubular drill string and apparatus releasably connectable to the bottom of said drill string
EP0058061A2 (fr) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 DRILLING & SERVICE U.K. LIMITED Outil de forage pour formation souterraine
US4586574A (en) * 1983-05-20 1986-05-06 Norton Christensen, Inc. Cutter configuration for a gage-to-shoulder transition and face pattern
US4809793A (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-03-07 Hailey Charles D Enhanced diameter clean-out tool and method
EP0325271A2 (fr) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-26 Eastman Teleco Company Trépan
EP0391683A1 (fr) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-10 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Pty) Limited Trépan de forage
US5036921A (en) * 1990-06-28 1991-08-06 Slimdril International, Inc. Underreamer with sequentially expandable cutter blades
EP0522553A1 (fr) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pointe de perçage à stabilité accrue
US5242017A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-07 Hailey Charles D Cutter blades for rotary tubing tools

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644673A (en) * 1949-09-26 1953-07-07 Baker Oil Tools Inc Expansible rotary drill bit and cutter
US3851719A (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-12-03 American Coldset Corp Stabilized under-drilling apparatus
GB1464464A (en) * 1974-04-25 1977-02-16 Mindrill Ltd Drill comprising a tubular drill string and apparatus releasably connectable to the bottom of said drill string
EP0058061A2 (fr) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 DRILLING & SERVICE U.K. LIMITED Outil de forage pour formation souterraine
US4586574A (en) * 1983-05-20 1986-05-06 Norton Christensen, Inc. Cutter configuration for a gage-to-shoulder transition and face pattern
US4809793A (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-03-07 Hailey Charles D Enhanced diameter clean-out tool and method
EP0325271A2 (fr) * 1988-01-20 1989-07-26 Eastman Teleco Company Trépan
EP0391683A1 (fr) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-10 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Pty) Limited Trépan de forage
US5036921A (en) * 1990-06-28 1991-08-06 Slimdril International, Inc. Underreamer with sequentially expandable cutter blades
EP0522553A1 (fr) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pointe de perçage à stabilité accrue
US5242017A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-07 Hailey Charles D Cutter blades for rotary tubing tools

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109667544A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种岩体钻孔扩孔器及扩孔方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0905348A3 (fr) 1999-06-30
GB9422022D0 (en) 1994-12-21
EP0905348B1 (fr) 2005-01-26
GB9505430D0 (en) 1995-05-03

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