EP0900646A1 - Procédé de pliage des feuilles d'emballage - Google Patents

Procédé de pliage des feuilles d'emballage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0900646A1
EP0900646A1 EP98116688A EP98116688A EP0900646A1 EP 0900646 A1 EP0900646 A1 EP 0900646A1 EP 98116688 A EP98116688 A EP 98116688A EP 98116688 A EP98116688 A EP 98116688A EP 0900646 A1 EP0900646 A1 EP 0900646A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
panels
along
blank
packing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98116688A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fulvio Boldrini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GD SpA
Original Assignee
GD SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GD SpA filed Critical GD SpA
Publication of EP0900646A1 publication Critical patent/EP0900646A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228—Preparing and feeding blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/26—Folding sheets, blanks or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2241/00—Making bags or boxes intended for a specific use
    • B31B2241/003—Making cigarette boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/002—Prebreaking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/26—Folding sheets, blanks or webs
    • B31B50/28—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms
    • B31B50/30—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving
    • B31B50/32—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving in circular paths
    • B31B50/322—Folding sheets, blanks or webs around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms the mandrels moving in circular paths the mandrels extending radially from the periphery of a drum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of folding packing blanks.
  • the present invention may be used to advantage on
  • packing machines which are referred to generally hereinafter as "packing machines", and to which the following description refers purely by way of example.
  • flat packing blanks are known to be folded about primary preformed bend lines parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blank, and about a number of secondary preformed bend lines crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the blank and which, together with the primary lines, define on the blank a number of panels and tabs.
  • each blank is folded using a method comprising a given number of successive steps, the first of which normally comprises positioning the blank with a central panel facing a folding seat, and, by means of movable front-beveled folding spindles, partially folding two longitudinal lateral panels, connected to the central panel, into a U about the respective primary lines and on to respective beveled input edges of the folding seat.
  • a product defined by a wrapping containing a group of cigarettes, is then fed into the folding seat and on to the central panel; and the folding seat is then fed in steps along a path extending through a series of folding stations, at which the panels and tabs are folded about the respective primary and secondary lines and about the product to form a rigid hinged-lid packet of cigarettes.
  • the above method involves several drawbacks, due, firstly, to the high output capacity of modern packing machines and the extremely high operating speed of the folding spindles substantially "jerking" the longitudinal lateral panels about the respective primary lines. Secondly, despite the primary and secondary preformed bend lines, the rigidity of the blank, at least initially, is such as not only to prevent full rotation of the panels about the primary and second lines, but also to result, at times, in partial springback of the blank.
  • the two lateral panels may be pierced by the folding spindles, thus damaging the blank irreparably, and the residual rigidity of the blank may result in damage to the product, by the product being used as a reaction element by which to complete the folding of the panels.
  • some of the panels of the finished but not yet stabilized packets of cigarettes, i.e. on which the gum used to join the panels has not yet be dried, may slip out of place, thus resulting in deformation of the packets.
  • Number 1 in Figures 1 and 2 indicates a central portion of a packing machine, indicated as a whole by 2, for prefolding flat blanks 3 into a prepacking configuration.
  • each blank 3 is of the type normally used in the tobacco industry for forming hinged-lid packets of cigarettes (not shown), is substantially in the form of an elongated rectangle extending along a major longitudinal axis 3a, and comprises a number of preformed transverse or "secondary” bend lines 4-8 crosswise to axis 3a, and two preformed longitudinal or “primary” bend lines 9 parallel to axis 3a.
  • lines 6 and 7 define, with lines 9, a central panel 10 and two longitudinal lateral panels 11 connected to panel 10 along lines 9; lines 5 and 6 and lines 7 and 8 define two transverse end panels 13 and 12 connected to panel 10 along respective lines 6 and 7; and line 8 and lines 4 and 5 define, with lines 9, two front panels 14 and 15 connected to respective panels 12 and 13 along respective lines 8 and 5.
  • Each panel 11 has two tabs 16 connected to panel 11 along respective lines 7 and 6, and located at opposite ends of panel 11 and alongside respective panels 12 and 13; and panel 15 has a tongue 17 connected to panel 15 along line 4.
  • Central portion 1 comprises a pocket conveyor 18 extending along an input portion P1 of a folding path P to successively feed blanks 3 along portion P1; a packing drum 19 tangent to conveyor 18 at a transfer station S1 along path P, and rotating continuously about a horizontal axis 19a of rotation crosswise to a traveling direction D of blanks 3 along path P; and a folding drum 20, which cooperates with packing drum 19 to fold blanks 3, is substantially tangent to drum 19 at an insertion and parting station S2 along an output portion P2 of path P downstream from station S1 in direction D, and rotates continuously (in the opposite rotation direction to drum 19) about a respective axis 20a of rotation parallel to axis 19a.
  • conveyor 18 conveys blanks 3 crosswise to respective axes 3a, and comprises a belt 21 looped about two pulleys, of which only the one shown (and indicated 22) is located substantially at transfer station S1, and defines on belt 21, together with the other pulley (not shown), a conveying branch 23 extending along portion P1 and defining a conveying surface K for blanks 3.
  • Conveyor 18 also comprises, for blanks 3, a number of conveying pockets 24 equally spaced along belt 21, and each defined by two projections 25 crosswise to direction D and integral with belt 21.
  • belt 21 is narrower than the length of each blank 3 measured parallel to axis 3a; projections 25 of each pocket 24 are separated by a distance equal to the width of blank 3 measured crosswise to axis 3a; and projections 25 of adjacent pockets 24 are separated by a given distance F.
  • Packing drum 19 comprises an annular element 26, which is defined axially by two lateral surfaces 27 crosswise to axis 19a and separated by a distance substantially equal to the distance between lines 6 and 7 of each blank 3, and is defined laterally by an outer peripheral surface 28, the section of which, crosswise to axis 19a, is defined by a polygon having a number of sides L crosswise to respective radial directions of element 26.
  • Drum 19 also comprises a number of packing pockets 29, which are equally spaced about axis 19a, are equal in number to sides L of said polygon, and are each defined by two lateral walls 30 extending outwards from surface 28 and defined axially by surfaces 27.
  • each pocket 29 is substantially U-shaped, and comprises a bottom surface 31 defined by a respective side L, and two lateral surfaces 32 crosswise to respective surface 31 and separated by a distance equal to the distance between two lines 9; while each wall 30 is located astride two sides L of said polygon, and comprises a shaped outer surface 33 in turn comprising two flat lateral portions 34, and a curved central portion 35 connecting portions 34.
  • Lateral portions 34 of wall 30 form two rounded edges 36 with the inner lateral surfaces 32 of two adjacent pockets 29, and two substantially acute angles 37 with the respective central portion 35, which is in turn defined by a substantially cylindrical surface 38 facing forwards in the rotation direction of drum 19, and by a substantially flat surface 39 facing rearwards in the rotation direction of drum 19 and connected to surface 38 substantially at the top of portion 35.
  • Each wall 30 also comprises a central groove 40 extending inwards of wall 30 down to the level of surfaces 31 of two adjacent pockets 29 to divide wall 30 into two parallel walls 41 separated by a distance greater than the width of belt 21 of conveyor 18.
  • folding drum 20 comprises a hollow cylindrical annular element 42 coaxial with axis 20a; and a number of folding spindles 43 on the peripheral ends of respective radial arms 44 extending radially from element 42.
  • Each spindle 43 is substantially in the form of an isosceles triangle, the vertex of which is embedded in respective arm 44, and the base of which is located radially outwards, is defined by a curved folding surface 45 coaxial with axis 20a, and forms two acute edges 46 with the respective sides.
  • Both annular element 42 and spindles 43 are defined axially by two flat surfaces 47 crosswise to axis 20a, and each spindle 43 comprises a pair of parting elements 48, which are fitted substantially at edges 46 on one of the two surfaces 47 only, and are each defined by an L-shaped bar 49 having two perpendicular portions 50 and 51; portion 50 being parallel to axis 20a and inserted in spindle 43, and portion 51 being parallel to a tangential direction and projecting laterally from spindle 43 and from edge 46 of spindle 43.
  • central portion 1 of packing machine 2 will be described with reference to one blank 3 fed along path P by a pocket 24 of conveyor 18 and initially positioned coplanar with surface K, and with respective axis 3a crosswise to traveling direction D.
  • Blank 3 is fed continuously by conveyor 18 into engagement with a known first folding plate (not shown) extending on one side of conveying branch 23 of conveyor 18 up to station S1, and into engagement with a known second folding plate (not shown) and a known stabilizing device (not shown) located in series on the opposite side of branch 23.
  • the first folding plate rotates panels 12 and 14 simultaneously about line 7 by a given angle and in a given rotation direction (upwards from surface K in Figure 1) so as, firstly, to weaken blank 3 at line 7 and, secondly, to detach panel 12 from, and so free, respective tabs 16, which are then in turn engaged by the first folding plate, are rotated 90° about line 7 on the opposite side of surface K to panels 12 and 14, and are folded squarely about line 7.
  • a top end portion of the first folding plate engages panels 12 and 14 downwards towards surface K, to counter-rotate panel 12 about line 7 to a greater extent than the previous rotation, so that panel 12 is inclined downwards with respect to surface K, and to counter-rotate to the same extent panel 14, which, however, is counter-rotated further about line 8 to also weaken blank 3 at line 8.
  • the second folding plate folds tongue 17 about line 4 and into a folded position directly contacting panel 15;
  • the stabilizing device normally defined by two opposed rollers on opposite sides of surface K, then compresses tongue 17 and panel 15 to stabilize the folded position of tongue 17; and, finally, an end portion of the second folding plate engages panel 15 downwards towards surface K to gradually fold panel 15 squarely on the opposite side of surface K to panels 12 and 14.
  • each pocket 29 of drum 19 comprises two lateral walls 30, and, as these are fed by drum 19 through station S1, the respective curved central portions 35 are inserted between one pocket 24 and the next, and the respective walls 41 are positioned on either side of belt 21 to allow conveying branch 23 to run inside grooves 40.
  • the substantially flat shape of surface 39 allows portion 35 to be inserted between a blank 3 still housed entirely inside respective pocket 24, and a blank 3 by now substantially housed inside respective pocket 29; while the substantially cylindrical shape of surface 38 allows the next portion 35 of the same pocket 29 to approach blank 3 with the same movement as blank 3, to gradually engage a rear lateral edge of blank 3, and to push blank 3 against angle 37 of surface 39.
  • Blank 3 is thus clamped on to pocket 29 by walls 30, with the lateral edges of panels 11 substantially inside angles 37, with panels 11 facing flat lateral portions 34, and with panel 10 between edges 36 and facing bottom surface 31.
  • blank 3 is fed by respective pocket 29 along portion P2 of path P, and panels 11 and panel 10 are maintained coplanar with one another in the pickup position by a fixed curved plate 52 along the periphery of drum 19, while panel 13 and respective tabs 16 are rotated about line 6 by a further known folding plate (not shown) to the side of drum 19. Rotation of panel 13 and respective tabs 16, i.e. the tabs 16 on either side of panel 13, weakens blank 3 at line 6 so that panel 13 is inclined with respect to panel 10.
  • pocket 29 is fed, together with respective blank 3, through station S2 in time with a respective spindle 43, one of the two edges 46 of which intercepts blank 3 at a respective line 9 and, partially inserting the blank inside pocket 29, folds the respective panel 11 squarely using edge 36 as a reaction element.
  • surface 45 rolls over panel 10, which is gradually inserted inside pocket 29 and on to bottom surface 31.
  • the other edge 46 also intercepts blank 3 at the other line 9, the other panel 11 is also folded squarely using respective edge 36 as a reaction element.
  • the tabs 16 previously folded squarely along portion P1 of path P are positioned facing respective panel 12, while the other tabs 16, partially folded by said further folding plate, intercept portions 51 of parting elements 48, and, as opposed to remaining coplanar with respective panels 11, are parted to form a V with the vertex facing inwards of pocket 29.
  • blank 3 is fully inserted inside pocket 29 in a prepacking configuration, ready to receive a respective inner wrapping (not shown) containing a group of cigarettes (not shown), and wherein: panels 10 and 11 are positioned respectively contacting bottom surface 31 and lateral surfaces 32; panel 12 is positioned substantially obliquely with respect to panel 10; panel 14 is positioned crosswise to panel 10; two tabs 16 are positioned facing panel 12; the other two tabs 16 are parted and located outside pocket 29; and panel 13 is inclined with respect to panel 10.
  • Central portion 1 as described therefore provides, not only for preweakening blanks 3 along most of the bend lines, but also for easing blanks 3 gently inside respective packing pockets 29 with no risk of blanks 3 being damaged or torn.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
EP98116688A 1997-09-04 1998-09-03 Procédé de pliage des feuilles d'emballage Withdrawn EP0900646A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT97BO000534A IT1294187B1 (it) 1997-09-04 1997-09-04 Metodo per la piegatura di sbozzati di incarto.
ITBO970534 1997-09-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0900646A1 true EP0900646A1 (fr) 1999-03-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98116688A Withdrawn EP0900646A1 (fr) 1997-09-04 1998-09-03 Procédé de pliage des feuilles d'emballage

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EP (1) EP0900646A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1294187B1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1293431A1 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 G.D Societ Per Azioni Procédé et machine pour la fabrication d'un paquet de cigarettes rigide
US6669015B2 (en) 2000-02-16 2003-12-30 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Packet of cigarettes and relative production method
WO2004011237A2 (fr) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-05 Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Systeme et procede de fabrication de conteneurs, notamment destines a conserver des produits alimentaires
DE10241798A1 (de) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-18 Focke Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen von Klappschachteln
WO2005110853A1 (fr) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-24 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Dispositif de production de paquets de cigarettes
ITBO20120700A1 (it) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-22 Gd Spa Macchina impacchettatrice e metodo di incarto per realizzare un contenitore interno di una confezione di articoli da fumo con apertura a scorrimento.
ITBO20120701A1 (it) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-22 Gd Spa Macchina impacchettatrice e metodo di incarto per realizzare un contenitore interno di una confezione di articoli da fumo con apertura a scorrimento e con coperchio incernierato
EP2620375B1 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2015-05-06 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Machine d'emballage de fabrication d'un emballage à ouverture à glissière d'articles à fumer
WO2016135687A1 (fr) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Gima Tt S.P.A. Appareil, procédé et dispositif pour usiner des ébauches pour fabriquer des paquets rigides pour des articles à fumer
US10017284B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-07-10 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Packing method and packing machine for producing a slide-open package of tobacco articles with a hinged lid
CN109911325A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-06-21 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种硬盒包装机内框纸成型定位装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1459093A (en) * 1973-02-16 1976-12-22 Molins Ltd Packing machines sealing machines
GB2132975A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-07-18 Sasib Spa Machine for packing cigarettes
US4650450A (en) * 1985-03-13 1987-03-17 Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche, A.C.M.A., S.P.A. Apparatus for supplying wrapping material to packaging machines
EP0792807A1 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif de pliage de feuilles d'emballage le long de lignes de pliage préformées

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1459093A (en) * 1973-02-16 1976-12-22 Molins Ltd Packing machines sealing machines
GB2132975A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-07-18 Sasib Spa Machine for packing cigarettes
US4650450A (en) * 1985-03-13 1987-03-17 Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche, A.C.M.A., S.P.A. Apparatus for supplying wrapping material to packaging machines
EP0792807A1 (fr) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé et dispositif de pliage de feuilles d'emballage le long de lignes de pliage préformées

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6669015B2 (en) 2000-02-16 2003-12-30 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Packet of cigarettes and relative production method
EP1293431A1 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 G.D Societ Per Azioni Procédé et machine pour la fabrication d'un paquet de cigarettes rigide
CN100480036C (zh) * 2002-07-25 2009-04-22 建筑自动机械制造A.C.M.A.股份公司 用于制造用于储存食品的容器的系统
WO2004011237A3 (fr) * 2002-07-25 2004-05-21 Azionaria Costruzioni Acma Spa Systeme et procede de fabrication de conteneurs, notamment destines a conserver des produits alimentaires
US7329216B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2008-02-12 Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche A.C.M.A. S.P.A. System for manufacturing containers
WO2004011237A2 (fr) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-05 Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Systeme et procede de fabrication de conteneurs, notamment destines a conserver des produits alimentaires
DE10241798A1 (de) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-18 Focke Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen von Klappschachteln
US7001320B1 (en) 2002-09-06 2006-02-21 Focke & Co., (Gmbh & Co) Process for producing hinge-lid boxes
WO2005110853A1 (fr) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-24 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Dispositif de production de paquets de cigarettes
EP2620375B1 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2015-05-06 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Machine d'emballage de fabrication d'un emballage à ouverture à glissière d'articles à fumer
WO2014097277A1 (fr) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Machine et procédé d'emballage pour former un contenant interne d'un paquet à ouverture coulissante d'articles de tabac et pourvu d'un couvercle articulé
ITBO20120701A1 (it) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-22 Gd Spa Macchina impacchettatrice e metodo di incarto per realizzare un contenitore interno di una confezione di articoli da fumo con apertura a scorrimento e con coperchio incernierato
WO2014097276A1 (fr) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 G.D Società per Azioni Empaqueteuse et procédé d'empaquetage pour produire un contenant intérieur d'un paquet d'articles de tabac à ouverture coulissante
ITBO20120700A1 (it) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-22 Gd Spa Macchina impacchettatrice e metodo di incarto per realizzare un contenitore interno di una confezione di articoli da fumo con apertura a scorrimento.
RU2647315C2 (ru) * 2012-12-21 2018-03-15 Г.Д Сочиета' Пер Ациони Упаковочная машина и способ упаковки для изготовления внутреннего контейнера выдвижной упаковки для табачных изделий
US10017284B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-07-10 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Packing method and packing machine for producing a slide-open package of tobacco articles with a hinged lid
US10046875B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-08-14 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Packing machine and packing method for producing an inner container of a slide-open package of tobacco articles
WO2016135687A1 (fr) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Gima Tt S.P.A. Appareil, procédé et dispositif pour usiner des ébauches pour fabriquer des paquets rigides pour des articles à fumer
CN109911325A (zh) * 2019-03-14 2019-06-21 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种硬盒包装机内框纸成型定位装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITBO970534A0 (it) 1997-09-04
ITBO970534A1 (it) 1999-03-04
IT1294187B1 (it) 1999-03-22

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