EP0897438A1 - Insulation element, method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element - Google Patents

Insulation element, method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element

Info

Publication number
EP0897438A1
EP0897438A1 EP97923348A EP97923348A EP0897438A1 EP 0897438 A1 EP0897438 A1 EP 0897438A1 EP 97923348 A EP97923348 A EP 97923348A EP 97923348 A EP97923348 A EP 97923348A EP 0897438 A1 EP0897438 A1 EP 0897438A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
accordance
water
mass
finely divided
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97923348A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gudmund Larsen
Steinar Larsen
Jon Lokoen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0897438A1 publication Critical patent/EP0897438A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/50—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving radiation, e.g. electro-magnetic waves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/21—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using organic binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B09B3/27—Binding by sodium silicate, e.g. cement or water glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

Definitions

  • Insulation element method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element
  • the present invention relates to a process for the treatment of consumption waste such as is indicated in the introduction to the following claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a plate- or block- shaped insulation product as is evident from the introduc ⁇ tion to claim 9, together with a utilisation of the pro- duct as according to claim 11.
  • the problem is m addition amplified by percolating water as a consequence of the waste being irrigated with rainwater.
  • the present invention has especially to do with that residual waste which remains after the source screening is undertaken.
  • residual waste will also contain smaller amounts of the afore-mentioned materials, that is to say glass, metal, wood and food waste.
  • Plastic such as PVC, poly ⁇ ethylene, polystyrene and polyurethane.
  • Minor amounts of rubber Minor amounts of garden waste such as grass and leaves .
  • a proportion, and especially the food residues, in such a mass of waste will be able to form conditions for the growth of microorganisms.
  • Such organisms can live at -12°C (psychrophilic) , at 110°C (thermophilic) , in distilled water (Caulobacter) , in brine (halophilic) and individual organisms like Deinococcus survive powerful electromagnetic radiation. All organisms are however dependent on free water in order to grow.
  • a series of conservation and sterilisation techniques have been developed.
  • One of these methods is autoclaving and drying. There are two known and environmentally friendly techniques which, when they fulfill certain minimum demands, will keep the product sterile over longer periods. It is desirable by the invention to produce the safest process with the idea of killing (sterilising) microorganisms in the waste.
  • decimal reduction time (D) The reduction in the number of organisms by sterilisa ⁇ tion is measured in decimal reduction time (D) .
  • Decimal reduction time (D) is defined by the expression
  • D T/log (N 0 /N ⁇ ) where D is the inactivating rate (the time it takes to reduce the number of cells by 90% at a given temperature, T is the time, N 0 is the number of cells before heating and N ⁇ is the number of cells after heating. That is to say that D is dependent upon the temperature and the number of cells before autoclaving.
  • the decimal reduction time is consequently an expression of the time it takes to reduce the number of organisms of a type having a ten power.
  • the decimal reduc ⁇ tion time is dependent upon the organism, medium and tem ⁇ perature as will be clearly evident from the following Table 1.
  • Organism D value in minutes
  • Organism Minimum a w value
  • S Staphylococcus
  • b mushroom (fungus)
  • A Aspergillus
  • Drying or lowering the water activity is another much used technique for conserving food and wood materials.
  • the water activity is defined like this: The moisture in a substance can be stated as the water activity.
  • the water activity ⁇ a w is given as: where p is the vapour pressure for water for the medium and p 0 is the vapour pressure for pure water at the same temperature. Drying will not kill microorganisms, but prevents them from growing. Relatively few microorganisms can live in dry environments (a w ⁇ 0.85) and microorganisms are not reported which can live at lower water activit i es than 0.61. In dry environments filamentous organisms, like fungus, have a greater advantage than single cell orga ⁇ n i sms, in that they can grow between microbes microniches having a higher water content.
  • waste can be hermetised and inaccessible to microbial decomposition. Casting the waste in PVC, PE and PS - plastic will form a barrier against the ingress of water, plus the waste will be little exposed to exter ⁇ nal microbial decomposition.
  • the waste material is in ⁇ corporated in a plate material with insulation properties adapted for building and/or plant purposes.
  • a plate material with insulation properties adapted for building and/or plant purposes.
  • Such an insula ⁇ tion block is especially suited for utilisation during the construction of roads.
  • the invention consequently involves bringing the consumption waste through an industrial process with the subsequent compression to a finished block- or plate- shaped insulation product. There is thus produced a completely competitive insulation plate. Furthermore a residual waste of the afore-mentioned kind can include residues of such an insulation plate, for example 25 years after it has been manufactured the first time.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the stepwise treatment of the waste forward to the finished product .
  • Figure 2 shows a preferred application of the insulation product according to the present invention.
  • Step 1 the waste is collected from the consumer or industry, the waste being a residual waste after an introductory source sorting by the consumer. This means that glass, metals, wood and individual plastic sub ⁇ stances are already separated and delivered to a suitable receiver.
  • the residual waste is transported, in a form which is defined earlier, in a tight container without being affected by possible rainy weather.
  • the container is brought to the receiver station in the next step.
  • Step 2 Sorting.
  • an additional sorting of the waste is undertaken in order to remove the most significant of the possible glass-, metal-, wood- and plastic - parts which have not necessarily been removed earlier.
  • the mass of waste is also conducted through a grinding machine for grinding up the waste so as to manage a simpler sorting.
  • Step 3 Demoisturing, grinding up and mixing.
  • the waste is conducted to a station where the waste is subjected to a compressing pressure in a piston press so as to be demoistured by pressing out water.
  • the piston press operates at a pressure of 25 kg/cm 2 during demoisturing.
  • the waste is hermetised and conserved by treatment with steam at a temperature in the range of 140 - 225°C, especially 160 - 180°C (as mentioned previously during Autoclaving, point a, about 120°C, for 15 minutes can however be sufficient) , the pressure being maintained at 5 - 15 kg/cm 2 and especially at about 10 kg. /cm 2 .
  • the steam is supplied from a high pressure steam boiler.
  • the treatment can besides be carried out as is evident during the earlier passage of the autoclaving process. Exhaust gases and waste water (condensed water) are treated as is stated in step 3.
  • Step 5 Drying.
  • the mass is converted to the insulation material.
  • the drying is carried out in a spiral drying drum at a high temperature and for a sufficient period in the range 140 - 190°C, and especially at 140 - 180°C, and preferably at about 160°C for about 10 minutes.
  • the drying is carried out until the material has a suffi ⁇ ciently low water activity, preferably as is defined earlier under point DRYING.
  • bacteria killing and concerning means can be added to the material, which now has a dry approximately chip-like form.
  • this step there can also be supplied ground up building waste, such as building plates and other wood in order adjust the content of the waste.
  • Step 6 Treatment with fungus killers and the like.
  • the mass of waste is now sterilised and is mixed with fungus-killing means and expansion means.
  • the mass contains about 80% moisture and has a minced meat-like consistency.
  • the mass is subjected to pelleting in order to condense/compress and mould the mass to a desired shape and density.
  • Step 8 Drying with infra red radiation.
  • the mass is subjected to infra red radiation up to 150°C.
  • infra red radiation up to 150°C.
  • Step 9 Grinding up.
  • the part dried mass is ground down in a grinding apparatus to a desired granule size, preferably 1 - 3 mm.
  • Step 10 Impregnation with water glass.
  • the powdered mass of waste is impregnated and coated with an agent which makes the mass of powder to the smallest possible degree attracted to water, that is to say it becomes approximately water-repelling.
  • Water glass more specifically sodium or calcium silicate (Na 2 Si0 3 or K 2 Si0 3 ) is such an impregnating agent. When these silicates are dissolved in water, a viscous fluid is formed. Water glass is employed to impregnating wood and paper materials in order to make these fire inhibiting.
  • the powdered mass is led down into a treatment container where there is preprepared a bath of water glass having a Na 2 Si0 3 concentration of 35 weight %.
  • Step 11 Drying. After submerging in the water glass solution, the impregnated mass is dried in a drying chamber at 140 - 180°C to a water activity of 0.6.
  • Step 12 Finished product.
  • the mass from step 11 is mixed with a binding agent, and the mixture is pressed into the form of a block (indicated by reference number 40 in Figure 2) in a casting mould having a mould well suited for whatever purpose.
  • EPS styropore or styropore granules
  • the mixture is so filled/poured into the casting mould in the usual manner and is subjected to the influence of steam at a temperature of 140 - 180°C, preferably 170°C and is compressed at a pressure in the range of 7 - 13 kg/cm 2 , and preferably at 10 kg/cm 2 .
  • the styropore is hardened and expanded as a result of the styropore beads containing dissolved volatile petroleum ether (pentane) which is released by the treatment with hot steam.
  • the volume of a block can increase by about 50°%.
  • Styropore 42 of the insulation block 40 will be very light, and have a density down towards 0.02 g/cm 3 , and it has very good insulation capability.
  • the finished insulation plate 40 which is wholly harmless to the environment, can be transferred to storage.
  • the finished insulation plate consequently comprises mixed in waste material process treated in the form of chipped waste, wherein impregnating means and bacteria- killing and conserving means possibly being added.
  • An insulation plate according to the invention can be divided up, such as by sawing, to any size and shape what ⁇ ever, and is well-suited for construction purposes, and especially in the construction of roads, railway lines, and airports.
  • FIG. 2 shows such an application of the product according to the present invention.
  • the Figure illustrates a cross-section through a road fill. After excavating/filling in order to form the basis for the roadway there is laid a water-permeable fabric 50. Upon this fabric 50 is placed a layer of insulation plates 40 where the plates are chained together in a manner known per se (for example according to the groove/tongue prin ⁇ ciple) . On the shoulder of the road to the left in the Figure the insulation plates can be arranged according to the invention on top of one another in a partially step- shaped design. On top of this layer of insulation plate is laid another fabric layer 52 after which a layer 54 of gravel material is laid on top of the layer of fabric.
  • the gravel material is compacted in a well-known manner and the roadway is covered with asphalt or another suitable surface covering 56.
  • the layer of insulation plate according to the invention will contri ⁇ bute to preventing the underlying basis for the roadway from freezing over, and problems with frost heave and the like.
  • the waste ought to be exposed to water vapour 150 - 225°C (autoclaving) and thereafter is dried at 140 - 180°C (dry sterilising) .
  • autoclaving ought to be carried out in ten minutes at 160°C. Further drying ought to be carried out to a water activity of 0.6.
  • the material ought to be irradiated with infra red rays to a temperature of about 150°C.
  • the drying and the irradiating of the waste fulfills these requirements, extra conservation efforts can be omitted. Besides it can be unnecessary to mix in binding agents for the manufacture of the moulded product . Assuming that the manufactured product will be further handled in a dry condition it will have long durability.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP97923348A 1996-05-10 1997-05-12 Insulation element, method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element Withdrawn EP0897438A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO961931A NO304882B1 (no) 1996-05-10 1996-05-10 FremgangsmÕte til behandling av forbruksavfall, et derved fremstilt produkt, samt anvendelse derav
NO961931 1996-05-10
PCT/NO1997/000124 WO1997043498A1 (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-12 Insulation element, method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0897438A1 true EP0897438A1 (en) 1999-02-24

Family

ID=19899371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97923348A Withdrawn EP0897438A1 (en) 1996-05-10 1997-05-12 Insulation element, method for preparing same, and use of the insulation element

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0897438A1 (no)
AU (1) AU2916797A (no)
NO (1) NO304882B1 (no)
WO (1) WO1997043498A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2851192B1 (fr) * 2003-02-13 2006-08-04 Louis Chometon Procede de recyclage de materiaux plastiques rigides et semi-rigides, ainsi que substitut de granulat obtenu, sous-couche et materiau d'application btp comportant un tel substitut
WO2008044249A1 (en) * 2006-10-09 2008-04-17 Gabriele Andrighetti Utilization of solid urban and industrial waste composed of plastic materials, to form road embankments
GB2454169A (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-06 Ecobond Methods of producing article using particulate waste products
FI20125201L (fi) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-22 Finnfoam Oy Tierakenne ja menetelmä tierakenteen tukemiseksi

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH281347A (de) * 1950-05-23 1952-03-15 Senn Duerig Jakob Verfahren zum Herstellen eines zum Auffüllen und zur thermischen Isolation verwendbaren Materials.
CH503576A (de) * 1969-02-06 1971-02-28 Jetzer Raimund Verfahren zur Herstellung von Presslingen aus Haushalt-, land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Abfällen
US3722378A (en) * 1971-02-04 1973-03-27 Dow Chemical Co Insulated trafficked surfaces
DE2224363A1 (de) * 1972-05-18 1973-11-29 Georg Dipl Ing Dip Kropfhammer Verfahren zur herstellung von bauelementen aus haushalt-, land- oder forstwirtschaftlichen abfaellen
GB9402119D0 (en) * 1994-02-04 1994-03-30 Forder David E Waste product articles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9743498A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997043498A1 (en) 1997-11-20
AU2916797A (en) 1997-12-05
NO961931L (no) 1997-11-11
NO961931D0 (no) 1996-05-10
NO304882B1 (no) 1999-03-01

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