EP0895028A1 - Ceramic lining - Google Patents

Ceramic lining Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895028A1
EP0895028A1 EP97810538A EP97810538A EP0895028A1 EP 0895028 A1 EP0895028 A1 EP 0895028A1 EP 97810538 A EP97810538 A EP 97810538A EP 97810538 A EP97810538 A EP 97810538A EP 0895028 A1 EP0895028 A1 EP 0895028A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
wall
ceramic
wall plate
fastening element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810538A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0895028B1 (en
Inventor
Armin Dr. Heger
Stefan Dr. Reh
Andreas Dr. Pfeiffer
Axel Dr. Kranzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to DE59706558T priority Critical patent/DE59706558D1/en
Priority to EP97810538A priority patent/EP0895028B1/en
Priority to US09/119,670 priority patent/US6145452A/en
Priority to JP10210998A priority patent/JPH1194242A/en
Publication of EP0895028A1 publication Critical patent/EP0895028A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0895028B1 publication Critical patent/EP0895028B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/904—Fastener or fastener element composed of nonmetallic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic lining according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Such linings are used in particular as inner wall insulation of metallic combustion chambers.
  • a ceramic lining of the type mentioned is known from DE 195 02 730 A1.
  • the lining there aims at an uncooled removable lining a combustion chamber with ceramic elements, which the high mechanical and thermal stresses in a commercial withstands the highly loaded combustion chamber.
  • the lining consists of at least one wall plate made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics with at least one through opening and one fastener per opening.
  • the fastener is with his foot in a metallic one attached to the metallic supporting wall Holding device attached. The head of the fastener rests in the opening the wall plate. Between the metallic wall and the ceramic An insulating layer is arranged on the wall plate.
  • the fastener consists of high temperature-resistant structural ceramics and is resilient tied the holding device.
  • the fastening element has a shape that is optimized from a thermal point of view, preferably one Arching in the middle of the head, a rounded head and rounded Cross-sectional transitions with large radii from the head to the shaft and from the shaft to the foot. This ensures that the mechanically and thermally conditioned Loads cause only low voltages.
  • the seat of the bolt on the tile is a ball / ball seat executed.
  • This, among other things a bending moment-free pendulum movement of the bolt to ensure, as a result of manufacturing and assembly inaccuracies and / or also due to operational displacements of the components can get into an imbalance.
  • the ball diameter of the Bolzens corresponds exactly to that of the tile, one is created on the contact surface negligible Hertzian pressure.
  • the advantage of the invention is particularly in the simplicity of the measure see. While maintaining the angular mobility of the bolt, the Solution through cost-effective manufacturing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial longitudinal section of the lining according to the invention for a gas turbine combustion chamber.
  • An insulation layer 2 is applied to the metallic support wall 1 of the combustion chamber.
  • This preferably consists of ceramic fiber material.
  • the wall plates 3 and the insulation layer 2 are fastened to the metallic supporting wall 1 with the aid of fastening elements 4, which are each arranged in a metallic holding device 5, which will be described in detail later.
  • these fastening elements 4 also consist of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics.
  • the outer shape and the dimensions of the wall panels 3 can easily can be adapted to the geometry of the room to be lined and are in not predetermined in any way.
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible shape of the wall panels 3.
  • You have in this embodiment a hexagonal outer contour.
  • the Thickness d of the wall plate 3 results on the one hand from the required mechanical Stability and, on the other hand, from minimizing thermal stresses due to temperature gradients in the component. In the simplest case, too a square outline can be applied to flat or just light lining curved combustion chambers.
  • wall plates 3 with one rectangular outer contour can be used.
  • a fastener 4 which is a bolt here, the head, shaft and foot exists, arranged.
  • a plurality of openings 6 in each wall plate 3 be present.
  • the contact surface between the head 20 arranged in the opening 6 of the Fastening element 4 and the wall plate 3 is optimal according to the invention Executed in a manner even at low angular positions of the bolt ensure clear touch.
  • the head 20 is spherical Provide bearing surface with its roundness 21 on a straight in cross section Contact surface 22 abuts. This straight section is the opening 6 adjoining wall of the wall plate 3. With this measure, the easily determine the area in which line contact occurs, as this is usually the case expected tolerances are known.
  • the Hertzian pressure in the against each other pressed surfaces - here convex surface against flat surface significantly lower than with the known ball / ball seats and can be easily determine analytically. Nevertheless, a good sealing effect is also achieved here, if this is desired at all.
  • the cavity is between the shaft of the fastener 4 and the insulation layer 2 by a divided sleeve 15 made of solidified preformed insulation material filled.
  • the metallic holding device 5 consists of a longitudinally divided Threaded sleeve 7, which includes the foot of the fastener.
  • a threaded nut 9 is arranged on the external thread of the threaded sleeve 7, which are used to set the clamping force, as explained below can.
  • the nut 9 holds the two halves of the threaded sleeve 7 together.
  • the mutual positioning of the two threaded sleeve halves can be replaced by additional construction elements, e.g. the bolts, ensured become.
  • a square 10 serves to split the sleeve when tightening the threaded nut 9 hold. Positions 7 and 10 are part of the split sleeve.
  • the metallic holding device 5 consists of one in the metallic Carrying wall 1 embedded guide ring 11, a one-piece guide sleeve 12 for the fastener 4 and from between the guide sleeve 12 and the Guide ring 11 arranged spring elements 13.
  • the spring 13 is, for example, as shown in Fig. 1, a plate spring. Due to the resilient Connection of the ceramic structure to the metallic holding device achieved that relative thermal expansions between the metallic and ceramic components or deformations of the insulation layer 2 ("setting") due to mechanical stresses, for example pulsations in the combustion chamber, be recorded without excessive voltages on the contact surfaces be induced in the ceramic component. Over a certain travel the clamping (via the screwed on the external thread of the sleeve 7 Threaded nut 9 adjustable) are almost constant clamping forces guaranteed.
  • the invention is not based on the embodiment described limited.
  • the head In deviation from the spherical shape of the head and the conical shape of the contact surface in the case of linearly extended seats (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) the head also circular and the contact surface trapezoidal be. Otherwise, the proposed introduction of force can be advantageous Attachment of all possible brittle components should be mentioned, if force can be applied using a ball / cone seat.

Abstract

The ceramic lining has a wall plate (3) made of structural ceramic resistant to high temperatures has at least one continuous through-opening (6). Each opening has a fixture element (4) made of structural ceramic withstanding high temperatures. A base of the fixture element is positioned in a metal holder fixed to the metal supporting wall. A rounded head (20) of the fixture element rests in the opening in the wall plate, and the curvature (21) of the rounded head is pressed onto a straight support surface (22) of the wall-plate opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine keramische Auskleidung gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Solche Auskleidungen finden insbesondere Anwendung als innere Wandisolierung von metallischen Brennkammern.The invention relates to a ceramic lining according to the preamble of Claim 1. Such linings are used in particular as inner wall insulation of metallic combustion chambers.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Eine keramische Auskleidung der eingangs genannten Art ist bekannt aus der DE 195 02 730 A1. Die dortige Auskleidung bezweckt eine ungekühlte lösbare Auskleidung eines Brennraumes mit keramischen Elementen, welche den hohen mechanischen und thermischen Beanspruchungen in einer kommerziellen hochbelasteten Brennkammer Stand hält.A ceramic lining of the type mentioned is known from DE 195 02 730 A1. The lining there aims at an uncooled removable lining a combustion chamber with ceramic elements, which the high mechanical and thermal stresses in a commercial withstands the highly loaded combustion chamber.

Die Auskleidung besteht hierzu aus mindestens einer Wandplatte aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik mit mindestens einer durchgehenden Öffnung und aus einem Befestigungselement pro Öffnung. Das Befestigungselement ist mit seinem Fuss in einer an der metallischen Tragwand befestigten metallischen Haltevorrichtung befestigt. Der Kopf des Befestigungselementes ruht in der Öffnung der Wandplatte. Zwischen der metallischen Wand und der keramischen Wandplatte ist eine Isolationsschicht angeordnet. Das Befestigungselement besteht aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik und ist federelastisch an die Haltevorrichtung angebunden. Die Vorteile werden darin gesehen, dass die Auskleidung auf Grund ihrer Homogenität und des eingesetzten Materials sehr hohen mechanischen und thermischen Beanspruchungen gewachsen ist, dass die Auskleidung zerstörungsfrei demontierbar ist und daher mehrfach verwendet werden kann. Ferner können durch die federelastische Anbindung der keramischen Struktur an die metallische Haltekonstruktion die thermischen Dehnungen zwischen metallischen und keramischen Komponenten bzw. Verformungen der Isolationsschicht durch mechanische Beanspruchungen aufgenommen werden. Als besonders zweckmässig gilt, dass das Befestigungselement eine in wärmetechnischer Hinsicht optimierte Form aufweist, vorzugsweise eine Einwölbung in der Mitte des Kopfes, einen abgerundeten Kopf und abgerundete Querschnittsübergänge mit grossen Radien vom Kopf zum Schaft und vom Schaft zum Fuss. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die mechanisch und thermisch bedingten Belastungen nur geringe Spannungen verursachen.The lining consists of at least one wall plate made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics with at least one through opening and one fastener per opening. The fastener is with his foot in a metallic one attached to the metallic supporting wall Holding device attached. The head of the fastener rests in the opening the wall plate. Between the metallic wall and the ceramic An insulating layer is arranged on the wall plate. The fastener consists of high temperature-resistant structural ceramics and is resilient tied the holding device. The advantages are seen in the fact that Liner because of its homogeneity and the material used that can withstand high mechanical and thermal stresses the lining can be removed non-destructively and therefore used several times can be. Furthermore, the spring-elastic connection of the ceramic structure to the metallic support structure the thermal Strains between metallic and ceramic components or deformations the insulation layer absorbed by mechanical stress become. It is particularly expedient that the fastening element has a shape that is optimized from a thermal point of view, preferably one Arching in the middle of the head, a rounded head and rounded Cross-sectional transitions with large radii from the head to the shaft and from the shaft to the foot. This ensures that the mechanically and thermally conditioned Loads cause only low voltages.

Bei dieser bekannten Auskleidung wurde ein Flächenkontakt gewählt zwischen dem zu befestigenden Bauteil und dem Bauteil, über das die Anpresskraft eingeleitet wird. Hierzu ist der Sitz des Bolzens auf der Kachel als Kugel/Kugel-Sitz ausgeführt. Dies, um u.a. eine biegemomentenfreie Pendelbewegung des Bolzens zu gewährleisten, da dieser infolge Fertigungs- und Montageungenauigkeiten und/oder auch durch betriebsbedingte Verschiebungen der Komponenten in eine Schieflage geraten kann. Im Idealfall, wenn der Kugeldurchmesser des Bolzens genau jenem der Kachel entspricht, entsteht an der Kontaktfläche eine venachlässigbare Hertz'sche Pressung. Weichen indes die beiden beteiligten Kugeldurchmesser voneinander ab, was die Folge von Fertigungstoleranzen und/oder von Wärmedehnungen sein kann, entsteht sofort eine blosse Linienberührung der beiden Bauteile an einem Rand des Kachel-Kugelsitzes. Der Kugelsitz läuft an seinen Enden über Radien aus. Dadurch stehen sich bei den erwähnten Durchmesserdifferenzen sofort zwei gegeneinander konvexe Flächen gegenüber. Dies führt zu sehr hohen unerwünschten Hertz'schen Pressungen. With this known lining, a surface contact was chosen between the component to be fastened and the component via which the contact pressure is initiated becomes. For this purpose, the seat of the bolt on the tile is a ball / ball seat executed. This, among other things a bending moment-free pendulum movement of the bolt to ensure, as a result of manufacturing and assembly inaccuracies and / or also due to operational displacements of the components can get into an imbalance. Ideally, if the ball diameter of the Bolzens corresponds exactly to that of the tile, one is created on the contact surface negligible Hertzian pressure. In the meantime, the two involved Ball diameter from each other, which is the result of manufacturing tolerances and / or thermal expansion, there is immediately a mere line contact of the two components on one edge of the tile ball seat. Of the Ball seat ends at radii at its ends. As a result, the mentioned differences in diameter immediately two convex surfaces across from. This leads to very high undesirable Hertzian pressures.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass ein Flächenkontakt sprungartig in einen unkontrollierten Linienkontakt oder gar einen blossen Punktkontakt übergeht, wenn sich Unterschiede in der Geometrie der beteiligten Elemente einstellen, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Befestigung von spröden Bauteilen, deren Anpresskraft in der Angriffsrichtung ändern kann, eine Sitzgeometrie zu schaffen, die über alle Betriebszustände einen kontrollierbaren Linienkontakt gewährleistet.Based on the knowledge that a surface contact jumps into one passes uncontrolled line contact or even a mere point contact, if there are differences in the geometry of the elements involved the invention has for its object when fastening brittle components, whose contact force can change in the direction of attack, a seat geometry to create a controllable line contact across all operating states guaranteed.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass das Befestigungselement mit einem im Querschnitt abgerundeten Kopf versehen ist, der mit der Rundung auf einer im Querschnitt geraden Auflagefläche der Wandplattenöffnung angepresst ist.According to the invention this is achieved in that the fastening element with a head with a rounded cross-section is provided, which is rounded off a bearing surface of the wall plate opening with a straight cross-section is.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung ist insbesondere in der Einfachheit der Massnahme zu sehen. Bei Beibehaltung der Winkelbeweglichkeit des Bolzens zeichnet sich die Lösung durch kostengünstige Fertigung aus.The advantage of the invention is particularly in the simplicity of the measure see. While maintaining the angular mobility of the bolt, the Solution through cost-effective manufacturing.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Teillängsschnitt der Auskleidung für eine Gasturbinen-Brennkammer;
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf die Auskleidung bei Verwendung hexagonaler keramischer Wandplatten;
Fig. 3
einen vergrösserten Schnitt der Wandplatte mit Befestigungselement im Bereich der Öffnung entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2;
Show it:
Fig. 1
a partial longitudinal section of the liner for a gas turbine combustor;
Fig. 2
a plan view of the lining when using hexagonal ceramic wall panels;
Fig. 3
an enlarged section of the wall plate with fastening element in the region of the opening along the line III-III in Fig. 2;

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Teillängsschnitt der erfindungsgemässen Auskleidung für eine Gasturbinen-Brennkammer. Auf der metallischen Tragwand 1 der Brennkammer ist eine Isolationsschicht 2 aufgebracht. Diese besteht vorzugsweise aus keramischem Fasermaterial. Auf der Isolationsschicht sind wiederum keramische Wandplatten 3 angeordnet, welche aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik, beispielsweise SiC oder Si3N4, bestehen. Die Wandplatten 3 und die Isolationsschicht 2 sind mit Hilfe von Befestigungselementen 4, welche jeweils in einer metallischen Haltevorrichtung 5, die später im Detail beschrieben wird, angeordnet sind, an der metallischen Tragwand 1 befestigt. Diese Befestigungselemente 4 bestehen ebenfalls wie die Wandplatten 3 aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik.1 shows a partial longitudinal section of the lining according to the invention for a gas turbine combustion chamber. An insulation layer 2 is applied to the metallic support wall 1 of the combustion chamber. This preferably consists of ceramic fiber material. Ceramic wall plates 3, which consist of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics, for example SiC or Si 3 N 4 , are in turn arranged on the insulation layer. The wall plates 3 and the insulation layer 2 are fastened to the metallic supporting wall 1 with the aid of fastening elements 4, which are each arranged in a metallic holding device 5, which will be described in detail later. Like the wall panels 3, these fastening elements 4 also consist of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics.

Die äussere Form und die Abmessungen der Wandplatten 3 können problemlos an die Geometrie des auszukleidenden Raumes angepasst werden und sind in keiner Weise vorbestimmt.The outer shape and the dimensions of the wall panels 3 can easily can be adapted to the geometry of the room to be lined and are in not predetermined in any way.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine mögliche Form der Wandplatten 3. Sie haben in dieser Ausführungsvariante eine sechseckige Aussenkontur. Aus Gründen einer einfachen Herstellung und einer gleichmässigen Spannungsverteilung bei thermischer und mechanischer Beanspruchung sind symmetrische Formen zu bevorzugen. Die Dicke d der Wandplatte 3 ergibt sich einerseits aus der geforderten mechanischen Stabilität und andererseits aus einer Minimierung der thermischen Spannungen auf Grund von Temperaturgradienten im Bauteil. Im einfachsten Fall kann auch eine quadratische Kontur zur Anwendung gelangen, um ebene oder nur leicht gekrümmte Brennräume auszukleiden. Ebenso sind auch Wandplatten 3 mit einer rechteckigen Aussenkontur einsetzbar.Fig. 2 shows a possible shape of the wall panels 3. You have in this embodiment a hexagonal outer contour. For the sake of a simple one Production and a uniform stress distribution with thermal and mechanical stress, symmetrical shapes are preferred. The Thickness d of the wall plate 3 results on the one hand from the required mechanical Stability and, on the other hand, from minimizing thermal stresses due to temperature gradients in the component. In the simplest case, too a square outline can be applied to flat or just light lining curved combustion chambers. Likewise, wall plates 3 with one rectangular outer contour can be used.

Im Zentrum der Wandplatte 3 ist eine durchgehende Öffnung 6 zur Aufnahme eines Befestigungselementes 4, welches hier ein Bolzen ist, der aus Kopf, Schaft und Fuss besteht, angeordnet. Selbstverständlich können in anderen, hier nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen auch mehrere Öffnungen 6 in jeder Wandplatte 3 vorhanden sein.In the center of the wall plate 3 is a through opening 6 for receiving a fastener 4, which is a bolt here, the head, shaft and foot exists, arranged. Of course, in others, not here Embodiments shown also a plurality of openings 6 in each wall plate 3 be present.

Wie aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, welche einen vergrösserten Schnitt der Wandplatte 3 gemäss Fig. 2 im Bereich der Öffnung 6 entlang der Linie IV-IV zeigt, ist die Öffnung 6 in Richtung der metallischen Tragwand 1 eingezogen. Dadurch wird einerseits die Kontaktfläche zwischen dem Befestigungselement 4 und der Wandplatte 3 vergrössert, andererseits werden die Wärmeflüsse bei stationären und instationären Beanspruchungsgefällen so beeinflusst, dass nur minimale thermische Spannungen entstehen. Die geometrische Gestaltung dieser Zone resultiert aus einer Abstimmung zwischen den Wärmespeicher- und Wärmeleitungseigenschaften der verwendeten Materialien. Als vorteilhaft hat sich ein Verhältnis der Dicke d der Wandplatte 3 zur Tiefe t des eingezogenen Teils der Wandplatte 3 im Bereich der Öffnung 6 von ca. 5 zu 3 erwiesen.3, which shows an enlarged section of the wall plate 3 2 in the area of the opening 6 along the line IV-IV shows the opening 6 retracted in the direction of the metallic support wall 1. This will on the one hand the contact area between the fastening element 4 and the wall plate 3 increases, on the other hand, the heat flows in stationary and unsteady Stress gradient so influenced that only minimal thermal Tensions arise. The geometric design of this zone results from a coordination between the heat storage and heat conduction properties of the materials used. A ratio of Thickness d of the wall plate 3 to the depth t of the drawn-in part of the wall plate 3 in Area of opening 6 from about 5 to 3 proved.

Die Kontaktfläche zwischen dem in der Öffnung 6 angeordnetem Kopf 20 des Befestigungselementes 4 und der Wandplatte 3 ist gemäss der Erfindung in optimaler Weise ausgeführt, um auch bei geringen Winkellagen des Bolzens eine eindeutige Berührung sicherzustellen. Hierzu ist der Kopf 20 mit einer spärischen Auflagefläche versehen, die mit ihrer Rundung 21 auf einer im Querschnitt geraden Auflagefläche 22 anliegt. Dieser gerade Abschnitt ist die die Öffnung 6 begenzende Wandung der Wandplatte 3. Mit dieser Massnahme lässt sich der Bereich, in dem Linienkontakt auftritt, leicht bestimmen, da in der Regel die zu erwartenden Toleranzen bekannt sind. Die Hertz'sche Pressung bei den gegeneinander gepressten Flächen - hier konvexe Fläche gegen ebene Fläche - ist deutlich geringer als bei den bekannten Kugel/Kugel-Sitzen und lässt sich leicht analytisch bestimmen. Dennoch wird auch hier eine gute Dichtwirkung erzielt, sofern diese überhaupt gewünscht ist. The contact surface between the head 20 arranged in the opening 6 of the Fastening element 4 and the wall plate 3 is optimal according to the invention Executed in a manner even at low angular positions of the bolt ensure clear touch. For this purpose, the head 20 is spherical Provide bearing surface with its roundness 21 on a straight in cross section Contact surface 22 abuts. This straight section is the opening 6 adjoining wall of the wall plate 3. With this measure, the Easily determine the area in which line contact occurs, as this is usually the case expected tolerances are known. The Hertzian pressure in the against each other pressed surfaces - here convex surface against flat surface significantly lower than with the known ball / ball seats and can be easily determine analytically. Nevertheless, a good sealing effect is also achieved here, if this is desired at all.

Im Beispielsfall ist der Hohlraum zwischen dem Schaft des Befestigungselementes 4 und der Isolationsschicht 2 durch eine geteilte Hülse 15 aus verfestigtem, vorgeformten Isolationsmaterial ausgefüllt.In the example, the cavity is between the shaft of the fastener 4 and the insulation layer 2 by a divided sleeve 15 made of solidified preformed insulation material filled.

Es ist eine dehnungstolerante elastische Einspannung des keramischen Befestigungselementes 4 auf der Aussenseite der metallischen Tragwand 1 vorgesehen. Gemäss Fig. 1 besteht die metallische Haltevorrichtung 5 aus einer längsgeteilten Gewindehülse 7, welche den Fuss des Befestigungselementes umfasst. Auf dem Aussengewinde der Gewindehülse 7 ist eine Gewindemutter 9 angeordnet, über welche, wie weiter unten erklärt wird, die Einspannkraft eingestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig hält die Mutter 9 die beiden Hälften der Gewindehülse 7 zusammen. Die gegenseitige Positionierung der beiden Gewindehülsehälften kann durch zusätzliche Konstruktionselemente, z.B. die Bolzen, sichergestellt werden. Ein Vierkant 10 dient dazu, die geteilte Hülse beim Anziehen der Gewindemutter 9 zu halten. Die Positionen 7 und 10 sind ein Teil der geteilten Hülse.It is a stretch-tolerant elastic clamping of the ceramic fastener 4 provided on the outside of the metallic support wall 1. 1, the metallic holding device 5 consists of a longitudinally divided Threaded sleeve 7, which includes the foot of the fastener. A threaded nut 9 is arranged on the external thread of the threaded sleeve 7, which are used to set the clamping force, as explained below can. At the same time, the nut 9 holds the two halves of the threaded sleeve 7 together. The mutual positioning of the two threaded sleeve halves can be replaced by additional construction elements, e.g. the bolts, ensured become. A square 10 serves to split the sleeve when tightening the threaded nut 9 hold. Positions 7 and 10 are part of the split sleeve.

Weiterhin besteht die metallische Haltevorrichtung 5 aus einem in die metallische Tragwand 1 eingelassenen Führungsring 11, einer einteiligen Führungshülse 12 für das Befestigungselement 4 und aus zwischen der Führungshülse 12 und dem Führungsring 11 angeordneten Federelementen 13. Die Feder 13 ist beispielsweise, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, eine Tellerfeder. Durch die federelastische Anbindung der keramischen Struktur an die metallische Haltevorrichtung wird erreicht, dass thermische Relativdehnungen zwischen den metallischen und keramischen Komponenten oder Verformungen der Isolationsschicht 2 ("Setzen") durch mechanische Beanspruchungen, beispielsweise Pulsationen im Brennraum, aufgenommen werden, ohne dass an den Kontaktflächen unzulässig hohe Spannungen im keramischen Bauteil induziert werden. Über einen bestimmten Federweg der Einspannung (über die auf dem Aussengewinde der Hülse 7 aufgeschraubte Gewindemutter 9 einstellbar) werden nahezu konstante Einspannungskräfte gewährleistet. Furthermore, the metallic holding device 5 consists of one in the metallic Carrying wall 1 embedded guide ring 11, a one-piece guide sleeve 12 for the fastener 4 and from between the guide sleeve 12 and the Guide ring 11 arranged spring elements 13. The spring 13 is, for example, as shown in Fig. 1, a plate spring. Due to the resilient Connection of the ceramic structure to the metallic holding device achieved that relative thermal expansions between the metallic and ceramic components or deformations of the insulation layer 2 ("setting") due to mechanical stresses, for example pulsations in the combustion chamber, be recorded without excessive voltages on the contact surfaces be induced in the ceramic component. Over a certain travel the clamping (via the screwed on the external thread of the sleeve 7 Threaded nut 9 adjustable) are almost constant clamping forces guaranteed.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die beschriebene Ausführung beschränkt. In Abweichung zur Kugelform des Kopfes und zur Konusform der Auflagefläche könnte im Fall von linear ausgedehnten Sitzen (senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene) der Kopf auch kreisförmig und die Auflagefläche trapezförmig ausgebildet sein. Im übrigen kann die vorgeschlagene Krafteinleitung mit Vorteil zur Befestigung aller möglicher spröder Bauteile in Erwähnug gezogen werden, sofern die Krafteinleitung mittels eines Kugel/Konus-Sitzes möglich ist.Of course, the invention is not based on the embodiment described limited. In deviation from the spherical shape of the head and the conical shape of the contact surface in the case of linearly extended seats (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) the head also circular and the contact surface trapezoidal be. Otherwise, the proposed introduction of force can be advantageous Attachment of all possible brittle components should be mentioned, if force can be applied using a ball / cone seat.

Es sei noch erwähnt, dass eine kinematische Umkehr des Prinzips nicht zur Lösung der Aufgabe führt. Ein konusförmiger Kopf in Zusammenwirkung mit einer dann torusförmigen Auflagefläche gewährleistet nämlich nicht die Erhaltung des Linienkontaktes bei einer Winkelauslenkung des Bolzens.It should also be mentioned that a kinematic reversal of the principle is not Solution of the task leads. A conical head in cooperation with one then toroidal contact surface does not ensure the maintenance of Line contact with an angular deflection of the bolt.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
metallische Tragwandmetallic bulkhead
22nd
IsolationsschichtInsulation layer
33rd
keramische Wandplatteceramic wall plate
44th
BefestigungselementFastener
55
HaltevorrichtungHolding device
66
Öffnungopening
77
GewindehülseThreaded sleeve
88th
EinwölbungArching
99
GewindemutterThreaded nut
1010th
VierkantSquare
1111
FührungsringGuide ring
1212th
FührungshülseGuide sleeve
1313
Federfeather
1515
Hülse aus IsolationsmaterialInsulation material sleeve
2020th
Kopf des Befestigungselementes 4Head of the fastener 4
2121
Auflagefläche des Kopfes 20Contact surface of the head 20
2222
Auflagefläche der WandplatteContact surface of the wall plate
dd
Dicke der Wandplatte 6Wall plate thickness 6
tt
Tiefe des eingezogenen Teils der WandplatteDepth of the retracted part of the wall plate

Claims (2)

Keramische Auskleidung für Brennräume, bestehend aus mindestens einer Wandplatte (3) aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik mit mindestens einer durchgehenden Öffnung (6) und aus einem Befestigungselement (4) je Öffnung (6), wobei das Befestigungselement (4) mit seinem Fuss in einer an der metallischen Tragwand (1) befestigten metallischen Haltevorrichtung (5) angeordnet ist und der Kopf (20) des Befestigungselementes (4) in der Öffnung (6) der Wandplatte (3) ruht, wobei das Befestigungselement (3) aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik besteht und federelastisch an die Haltevorrichtung (5) angebunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Befestigungselement (4) mit einem im Querschnitt abgerundeten Kopf (20) versehen ist, der mit der Rundung (21) auf einer im Querschnitt geraden Auflagefläche (22) der Wandplattenöffnung (6) angepresst ist.Ceramic lining for combustion chambers, consisting of at least one Wall plate (3) made of high temperature resistant structural ceramic with at least one through opening (6) and from a fastening element (4) per opening (6), the fastening element (4) with its Foot in a metallic one attached to the metallic supporting wall (1) Holding device (5) is arranged and the head (20) of the fastening element (4) in the opening (6) of the wall plate (3) rests, the fastener (3) consists of high temperature resistant structural ceramics and is resiliently connected to the holding device (5), characterized in that the fastening element (4) with an in Cross-section rounded head (20) is provided with the rounding (21) on a support surface (22) of the wall panel opening with a straight cross section (6) is pressed. Keramische Auskleidung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abgerundete Kopf Kugelform oder Kreisform besitzt und dass die gerade Auflagefläche Konusform resp. Trapezform besitzt.Ceramic lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the rounded head is spherical or circular and that the straight Contact surface cone shape resp. Has a trapezoidal shape.
EP97810538A 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Ceramic lining Expired - Lifetime EP0895028B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59706558T DE59706558D1 (en) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Ceramic lining
EP97810538A EP0895028B1 (en) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Ceramic lining
US09/119,670 US6145452A (en) 1997-07-28 1998-07-21 Ceramic lining
JP10210998A JPH1194242A (en) 1997-07-28 1998-07-27 Ceramic lining

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810538A EP0895028B1 (en) 1997-07-28 1997-07-28 Ceramic lining

Publications (2)

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EP0895028A1 true EP0895028A1 (en) 1999-02-03
EP0895028B1 EP0895028B1 (en) 2002-03-06

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Country Link
US (1) US6145452A (en)
EP (1) EP0895028B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH1194242A (en)
DE (1) DE59706558D1 (en)

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WO2000057106A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. Refractory tile system for boiler tube/heat exchanger protection
US6267066B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2001-07-31 Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics Refractory tile system for boiler tube/heat exchanger
DE10036211A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-02-07 Rolls Royce Deutschland Combustion chamber shingle for aviation gas turbine has plate-form base component with hole for threaded bolt with head fixed in recess by clamping connection formed by deformation of edge section of head recess or bolt head
EP2236928A1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2010-10-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat shield element
US9452499B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2016-09-27 General Electric Technology Gmbh Method for applying heat resistant protection components onto a surface of a heat exposed component

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EP1528343A1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Refractory tile with reinforcing members embedded therein, as liner for gas turbine combustion chamber
EP1533572A1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine combustion chamber and gas turbine
EP1557611B1 (en) * 2004-01-21 2014-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flow barrier, lining and combustion chamber
EP1741981A1 (en) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ceramic heatshield element and high temperature gas reactor lined with such a heatshield
EP1862740B1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2015-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Combustion chamber wall
US8771604B2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2014-07-08 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Gasifier liner
BR112013000369A2 (en) * 2010-07-08 2017-09-26 Stellar Materiais Inc refractory structural element
EP2851513A1 (en) 2013-09-20 2015-03-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Heat exposed component
EP2851356A1 (en) 2013-09-20 2015-03-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for producing means with thermal resist for applying at a surface of a heat exposed component
GB201417495D0 (en) 2014-10-03 2014-11-19 Calderys France Refractory system for lining the interior walls of high-temperature furnaces or boilers and method of protection

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WO2000057106A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. Refractory tile system for boiler tube/heat exchanger protection
US6267066B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2001-07-31 Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics Refractory tile system for boiler tube/heat exchanger
DE10036211A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-02-07 Rolls Royce Deutschland Combustion chamber shingle for aviation gas turbine has plate-form base component with hole for threaded bolt with head fixed in recess by clamping connection formed by deformation of edge section of head recess or bolt head
EP2236928A1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2010-10-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat shield element
WO2010105709A3 (en) * 2009-03-17 2011-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heat shield element of a heat shield
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CN102356277B (en) * 2009-03-17 2014-10-22 西门子公司 Heat shield element, heat shield, method for assembling heat shield element and usage of heat shield
US9452499B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2016-09-27 General Electric Technology Gmbh Method for applying heat resistant protection components onto a surface of a heat exposed component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59706558D1 (en) 2002-04-11
EP0895028B1 (en) 2002-03-06
JPH1194242A (en) 1999-04-09
US6145452A (en) 2000-11-14

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