EP1006315B1 - Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber - Google Patents
Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1006315B1 EP1006315B1 EP98811182A EP98811182A EP1006315B1 EP 1006315 B1 EP1006315 B1 EP 1006315B1 EP 98811182 A EP98811182 A EP 98811182A EP 98811182 A EP98811182 A EP 98811182A EP 1006315 B1 EP1006315 B1 EP 1006315B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- elements
- lining according
- ceramic elements
- ceramic lining
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/002—Wall structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic lining for thermally highly stressed Walls of combustion chambers according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Such linings are used in particular as inner wall insulation of metallic combustion chambers, for example for gas turbines.
- Combustion chamber walls can be made of ceramic with polygonal surface elements Material or be designed from metal. The number of corners of these elements is usually 3 to 4. However, hexagonal surface elements are also known. These surface elements have the structure of a plate and are included attached to the metal support structure with a separate bolt.
- a ceramic lining Combustion chamber known, which consists of at least one wall plate made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics, also called monolithic ceramics, with at least a through opening and one fastener per Opening exists.
- the fastener is with its foot in one on the attached metallic support wall attached metallic holding device, the head of the fastener resting in the opening of the wall plate.
- the fastener is also made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics and is resiliently connected to the holding device.
- Between the metallic wall and the ceramic wall plate is an insulation layer made of fiber ceramic.
- the lining is non-destructive is removable and can therefore be used several times.
- the combustion chamber must have a ceramic design also the insulation layer on the side facing away from the hot gas Plates are running. Due to the generally porous structure of the insulation material the insulation plates become very sensitive to vibrations, which can break the parts. In addition, brackets for the Isolation are provided.
- the hot gas-bearing combustion chamber bricks in plate form are very good sensitive to vibrations and damage from Foreign parts because the plates are very thin and fragile.
- a combustion chamber with a ceramic lining is known from EP-A-658 724, whose ceramic elements are designed as trapezoids, which lie against each other without gaps are attached radially to the supporting wall and with a center in the Base area of the trapezoidal holding means, for example bolts, are attached to the inside of the supporting wall.
- a disadvantage of this state of the Technology is that on the one hand no additional insulation is provided and on the other hand, due to the trapezoidal shape, rugged cross-sectional transitions between the trapezoid and the holding means exist, which leads to large temperature gradients with associated disadvantages.
- the invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. You have the task to develop a ceramic lining for combustion chambers, which which is insensitive to vibrations and large temperature gradients is easy to manufacture, and in which no additional brackets for the Insulations are needed.
- the advantages of the invention are that due to the volume Execution of the ceramic elements achieved a functionally favorable shape becomes. Large hot surfaces of the ceramic elements go continuously in the retaining bolt, so that a constant heat dissipation from the hot Surface in the (cooled) bolts. This will make abrupt cross-sectional transitions that have an unfavorable effect on the stresses in the component would be avoided. Thanks to the integrated retaining bolt, the ceramic ones Elements insensitive to vibrations and temperature gradients, see above that they don't break. In addition, the elements shaped in this way are easy to manufacture. Due to their all-round formability when pressing the blanks, a good degree of compaction can be achieved.
- the cavities that of the ceramic elements with their combustion chamber, d. H. the hot gas side, facing surfaces are formed, are filled with air. This is a very inexpensive variant, because cheap air is used as insulation material.
- the ceramic elements are triangular Base, preferably have a tetrahedral shape. This form is production engineering most inexpensive to manufacture and due to the compact shape of the ceramic elements a good degree of compaction is achieved.
- the ceramic elements with the insulating bodies are advantageous by means of elastic elements, preferably disc springs, cylinder compression springs or corrugated sheets, pressed against the metallic support structure, or the insulation body are pressed against the ceramic elements by means of elastic elements.
- elastic elements preferably disc springs, cylinder compression springs or corrugated sheets, pressed against the metallic support structure, or the insulation body are pressed against the ceramic elements by means of elastic elements.
- the latter is also achieved with an elastically mounted retaining bolt. Due to the resilient Connection of the ceramic structure or the insulation material are the thermal strains between the various components as well as the deformation of the insulation material due to mechanical stress added.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of several ceramic arranged side by side Elements 1 of a ceramic lining not shown Gas turbine combustor.
- a retaining bolt 3 is arranged, which in the tetrahedron is integrated.
- Each ceramic element 1 thus consists of the Tetrahedron including the retaining bolt 3.
- the tetrahedron shape is production-related attractively priced.
- Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the ceramic elements 1 are each fastened with their retaining bolt 3 to the metal support wall 4 of the combustion chamber. The spaces between the supporting wall 4 and the ceramic elements 1 are filled with insulation material 5. In the simplest case, 5 air can be used as insulation material.
- insulating bodies 5 made of, for example, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , foams or alloys of both oxides, and reticular ceramics made of both oxides or alloys, and insulating stones made of oxide ceramics, in particular of the oxides mentioned, have a better insulating effect.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the arrangement of insulation bodies 5 in the cavities between the ceramic elements 1. Between the insulation parts 5 and the ceramic elements 1 there is a positive connection. This eliminates the need for separate brackets for insulation.
- FIG. 4 shows variants of how the insulation 5 can be connected elastically can. It is shown that between the metallic support structure 4 and the Isolation 5 elastic elements 6 are arranged, which the insulation 5 against press the ceramic elements 1 and thus prevent cooling air leaks as well cause vibration damping.
- the elastic elements 6 can doing z.
- Fig. 4 also shows two possible ones Fixing options for the combustion chamber brick (ceramic element 1) on the supporting wall 4. In the left part of FIG. 4 it is shown that the holding bolt 3 is provided with a thread 9 onto which a nut 10 is screwed while in the right part of Fig. 4, the attachment of the retaining bolt 3 and thus the ceramic element 1 on the supporting wall 4 by means of a threaded bushing 11 and a two-part threaded insert 12 is shown.
- the ceramic elements 1 can also be used elastic elements 6 with the insulation 5 are pressed against the supporting structure 4. Then the same advantages are achieved. With suitable insulation material the insulation 5 itself can also serve as a spring element 6.
- tetrahedral elements 1 can be used as ceramic Linings, for example, also used pyramid-shaped elements be what a base area 2 with 4 corners (Fig. 5) or 6 corners (Fig. 6).
- the hot gas side facing Base area 2 also with special thermal insulation layers or abrasion-resistant Layers 13 can be provided. This is recommended if lower quality base material is used, so this then a higher thermal and mechanical mechanical stress can withstand.
- Layers 13 are, for example, layers of reticular ones Suitable structures, but also short fiber reinforced layers, spray layers, chemically deposited layers or in electrical fields (electrophoresis) deposited layers as well as sol-gel or from the gas or liquid phase deposited layers.
- the material for the ceramic elements 1 is primarily monolytic ceramic, sintered or reactive, suitable. But fiber-reinforced ceramic is also suitable.
- the invention is not based on the exemplary embodiments just described limited.
- the retaining bolt 3 can also be elastic be stored, or it can ceramic elements 1 as the lining of Combustion chamber used, which is another pyramid-shaped body as described above.
- the ceramic elements 1 can, for. B. convex or have concave curved tetrahedral surfaces, which is advantageous because so that curvatures of the combustion chamber walls can be compensated well.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine keramische Auskleidung für thermisch hochbeanspruchte
Wände von Brennräumen gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.
Solche Auskleidungen finden insbesondere Anwendung als innere Wandisolierung
von metallischen Brennkammern, beispielsweise für Gasturbinen.The invention relates to a ceramic lining for thermally highly stressed
Walls of combustion chambers according to the preamble of
Brennkammerwände können mit vieleckigen Flächenelementen aus keramischem Material oder aus Metall ausgelegt sein. Die Anzahl der Ecken dieser Elemente beträgt in der Regel 3 bis 4. Es sind aber auch sechseckige Flächenelemente bekannt. Diese Flächenelemente haben die Struktur einer Platte und werden mit einem separaten Bolzen an der metallischen Tragstruktur befestigt.Combustion chamber walls can be made of ceramic with polygonal surface elements Material or be designed from metal. The number of corners of these elements is usually 3 to 4. However, hexagonal surface elements are also known. These surface elements have the structure of a plate and are included attached to the metal support structure with a separate bolt.
Aus DE 195 02 730 A1 ist beispielsweise eine keramische Auskleidung einer Brennkammer bekannt, welche aus mindestens einer Wandplatte aus hochtemperaturbeständiger Strukturkeramik, auch monolithische Keramik genannt, mit mindestens einer durchgehenden Öffnung und aus einem Befestigungselement pro Öffnung besteht. Das Befestigungselement ist mit seinem Fuss in einer an der metallischen Tragwand angebrachten metallischen Haltevorrichtung befestigt, wobei der Kopf des Befestigungselementes in der Öffnung der Wandplatte ruht. Das Befestigungselement besteht ebenfalls aus hochtemperturbeständiger Strukturkeramik und ist federelastisch an die Haltevorrichtung angebunden. Zwischen der metallischen Wand und der keramischen Wandplatte ist eine Isolationsschicht aus Faserkeramik vorgesehen.DE 195 02 730 A1, for example, describes a ceramic lining Combustion chamber known, which consists of at least one wall plate made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics, also called monolithic ceramics, with at least a through opening and one fastener per Opening exists. The fastener is with its foot in one on the attached metallic support wall attached metallic holding device, the head of the fastener resting in the opening of the wall plate. The fastener is also made of high temperature resistant Structural ceramics and is resiliently connected to the holding device. Between the metallic wall and the ceramic wall plate is an insulation layer made of fiber ceramic.
Die Vorteile dieser Lösung bestehen darin, dass die Auskleidung zerstörungsfrei demontierbar ist und daher mehrfach verwendet werden kann. Ferner können durch eine federelastische Anbindung der keramischen Struktur an die metallische Haltekonstruktion die thermischen Dehnungen zwischen metallischen und keramischen Komponenten bzw. Verformungen der Isolationsschicht durch mechanische Beanspruchungen aufgenommen werden.The advantages of this solution are that the lining is non-destructive is removable and can therefore be used several times. Can also through a spring-elastic connection of the ceramic structure to the metallic one Retaining structure the thermal expansions between metallic and ceramic Components or deformations of the insulation layer due to mechanical Stresses are recorded.
Diesen Vorteilen steht nachteilig gegenüber, dass die Befestigung der Auskleidung an der metallischen Tragstruktur aufgrund des separaten Bolzens und der Haltevorrichtung recht aufwendig ist, und dass die Auskleidung wegen der Notwendigkeit mehrerer Lagen kompliziert ist.These advantages are offset by the fact that the fastening of the lining on the metallic support structure due to the separate bolt and the Holding device is quite expensive, and that the lining because of the need several layers is complicated.
Wegen der Plattenstruktur muss bei einer keramischen Ausführung der Brennkammer auch die Isolationsschicht auf der dem Heissgas abgewandten Seite aus Platten ausgeführt werden. Durch die in der Regel poröse Struktur des Isolationswerkstoffes werden die Isolationsplatten sehr empfindlich gegen Schwingungen, was zum Bruch der Teile führen kann. Zusätzlich müssen Halterungen für die Isolation vorgesehen werden.Because of the plate structure, the combustion chamber must have a ceramic design also the insulation layer on the side facing away from the hot gas Plates are running. Due to the generally porous structure of the insulation material the insulation plates become very sensitive to vibrations, which can break the parts. In addition, brackets for the Isolation are provided.
Ausserdem sind die heissgasführenden Brennkammerziegel in Plattenform sehr empfindlich gegenüber Schwingungen und gegen Beschädigungen durch Fremdteile, da die Platten sehr dünn und fragil sind. In addition, the hot gas-bearing combustion chamber bricks in plate form are very good sensitive to vibrations and damage from Foreign parts because the plates are very thin and fragile.
Aus EP-A-658 724 ist eine Brennkammer mit keramischer Auskleidung bekannt, deren Keramikelemente als Trapezoeder ausgebildet sind, welche spaltfrei aneinanderliegend radial an die Tragwand angesetzt sind und mit einem mittig in der Grundfläche der Trapezoeder angeordneten Haltemittel, beispielsweise Bolzen, an der Innenseite der Tragwand befestigt sind. Nachteilig an diesem Stand der Technik ist, das einerseits keine zusätzlichen Isolationen vorgesehen sind und andererseits durch die Trapezoederform schroffe Querschnittsübergänge zwischen den Trapezoedern und den Haltemitteln bestehen, was zu grossen Temperaturgradienten mit damit verbundenen Nachteilen führt. A combustion chamber with a ceramic lining is known from EP-A-658 724, whose ceramic elements are designed as trapezoids, which lie against each other without gaps are attached radially to the supporting wall and with a center in the Base area of the trapezoidal holding means, for example bolts, are attached to the inside of the supporting wall. A disadvantage of this state of the Technology is that on the one hand no additional insulation is provided and on the other hand, due to the trapezoidal shape, rugged cross-sectional transitions between the trapezoid and the holding means exist, which leads to large temperature gradients with associated disadvantages.
Die Erfindung versucht, alle diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine keramische Auskleidung für Brennräume zu entwickeln, welche unempfindlich gegen Schwingungen und grosse Temparaturgradienten ist, welche sich leicht fertigen lässt, und bei welcher keine zusätzliche Halterungen für die Isolationen benötigt werden.The invention tries to avoid all of these disadvantages. You have the task to develop a ceramic lining for combustion chambers, which which is insensitive to vibrations and large temperature gradients is easy to manufacture, and in which no additional brackets for the Insulations are needed.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei einer keramische Auskleidung gemäss Oberbegriff
des Patentanspruches 1 dadurch erreicht, dass die keramischen Elemente im
wesentlichen die Form einer geraden regelmässigen Pyramide aufweisen, deren
Grundfläche n Ecken besitzt und dem Brennraum zugewandt ist, und in deren
Spitze der Haltebolzen integriert ist.According to the invention, this becomes the case with a ceramic lining according to the preamble
of
Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, dass infolge der volumenmässigen Ausführung der keramischen Elemente eine funktionsmässig günstige Form erreicht wird. Grosse heisse Flächen der keramischen Elemente gehen kontinuierlich in den Haltebolzen über, so dass eine stetige Wärmeableitung aus der heissen Fläche in den (gekühlten) Bolzen erfolgt. Damit werden schroffe Querschnittsübergänge, die sich ungünstig auf die Spannungen im Bauteil auswirken würden, vermieden. Durch den integrierten Haltebolzen sind die keramischen Elemente unempfindlich gegen Schwingungen und Temperaturgradienten, so dass sie nicht brechen. Ausserdem sind die so geformten Elemente leicht zu fertigen. Durch ihre allseitige Ausformbarkeit beim Pressen der Rohlinge kann ein guter Verdichtungsgrad erreicht werden.The advantages of the invention are that due to the volume Execution of the ceramic elements achieved a functionally favorable shape becomes. Large hot surfaces of the ceramic elements go continuously in the retaining bolt, so that a constant heat dissipation from the hot Surface in the (cooled) bolts. This will make abrupt cross-sectional transitions that have an unfavorable effect on the stresses in the component would be avoided. Thanks to the integrated retaining bolt, the ceramic ones Elements insensitive to vibrations and temperature gradients, see above that they don't break. In addition, the elements shaped in this way are easy to manufacture. Due to their all-round formability when pressing the blanks, a good degree of compaction can be achieved.
Es ist zweckmässig, wenn die Hohlräume, die von den keramischen Elemente mit ihren dem Brennraum abgewandten Flächen gebildet werden, mit Isolationskörpem, die einen Formschluss mit den keramischen Elementen einerseits und der metallische Tragstruktur andereseits bilden, ausgefüllt sind. Dadurch wird die metallische Tragstruktur besonders gut von den hohen Temperaturen des Brennraumes abgeschirmt. Durch den Formschluss sind auch vorteilhaft keine zusätzlichen Halterungen für die Isolationskörper notwendig.It is convenient if the cavities covered by the ceramic elements their surfaces facing away from the combustion chamber are formed, with insulation bodies, the one form fit with the ceramic elements on the one hand and the Form metallic support structure on the other hand, are filled. This will make the metallic support structure particularly well from the high temperatures of the combustion chamber shielded. Due to the positive connection, there are also advantageously no additional ones Brackets necessary for the insulation body.
In einer Ausgestaltungsvariante ist es ferner von Vorteil, wenn die Hohlräume, die von den keramischen Elemente mit ihren dem Brennraum, d. h. der Heissgasseite, abgewandten Flächen gebildet werden, mit Luft gefüllt sind. Dies ist eine sehr preiswerte Variante, weil hier billige Luft als Isolationsmaterial dient.In an embodiment variant, it is also advantageous if the cavities that of the ceramic elements with their combustion chamber, d. H. the hot gas side, facing surfaces are formed, are filled with air. This is a very inexpensive variant, because cheap air is used as insulation material.
Weiterhin ist es zweckmässig, wenn die keramischen Elemente eine dreieckige Grundfläche, vorzugsweise eine Tetraederform, aufweisen. Diese Form ist fertigungstechnisch am günstigsten herstellbar und durch die gedrungene Form der keramischen Elemente wird ein guter Verdichtungsgrad erreicht.Furthermore, it is expedient if the ceramic elements are triangular Base, preferably have a tetrahedral shape. This form is production engineering most inexpensive to manufacture and due to the compact shape of the ceramic elements a good degree of compaction is achieved.
Schliesslich sind mit Vorteil die keramischen Elemente mit den Isolationskörpern mittels elastischer Elemente, vorzugsweise Tellerfedern, Zylinderdruckfedern oder gewellter Bleche, gegen die metallische Tragstruktur gepresst, oder die Isolationskörper sind mittels elastischer Elemente gegen die keramischen Elemente gepresst. Dadurch werden zusätzliche Halterungen für die Isolation überflüssig, sowie Kühlluftleckagen vermindert und eine Schwingungsdämpfung erreicht. Letzteres wird auch mit einem elastisch gelagerten Haltebolzen erzielt. Durch die federelastische Anbindung der keramischen Struktur bzw. des Isolationsmaterials werden die thermischen Dehnungen zwischen den verschiedenen Komponenten sowie die Verformungen des Isolationsmaterials durch mechanische Beanspruchungen aufgenommen.Finally, the ceramic elements with the insulating bodies are advantageous by means of elastic elements, preferably disc springs, cylinder compression springs or corrugated sheets, pressed against the metallic support structure, or the insulation body are pressed against the ceramic elements by means of elastic elements. This eliminates the need for additional brackets for insulation, as well Cooling air leakage reduced and vibration damping achieved. The latter is also achieved with an elastically mounted retaining bolt. Due to the resilient Connection of the ceramic structure or the insulation material are the thermal strains between the various components as well as the deformation of the insulation material due to mechanical stress added.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, die Flächen der keramischen Elemente und der Isolationskörper konvex oder konkav auszubilden. Das hat den Vorteil, dass auf diese Weise Krümmungen in der Brennkammerwand nachgebildet werden können und damit eine optimale Auskleidung möglich ist. It is also possible to use the surfaces of the ceramic elements and the insulation body to be convex or concave. The advantage of this is on this Way curvatures can be reproduced in the combustion chamber wall and so that an optimal lining is possible.
Schliesslich ist es zweckmässig, wenn die Grundfläche der keramischen Elemente, die die Heissgasseite bildet, mit Wärmedämmschichten oder abriebbeständigen Schichten versehen ist. Dies bietet sich dann an, wenn für die Elemente anstelle von monolytischer Keramik weniger beständiges, aber dafür preiswerteres Grundmaterial verwendet wird. Auch in diesem Falle wird dann eine stabile, gegen Schwingungen und hohe Temperaturen unempfindliche Auskleidung des Brennraumes ermöglicht.Finally, it is useful if the base of the ceramic elements, which forms the hot gas side, with thermal insulation layers or abrasion resistant Layers is provided. This is useful when replacing the elements less durable from monolytic ceramics, but cheaper Base material is used. In this case too, a stable, against Vibrations and high temperatures insensitive lining of the combustion chamber allows.
In der Zeichnung sind mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer thermisch hochbelasteten Gasturbinenbrennkammer dargestellt.In the drawing, several embodiments of the invention are based on a shown thermally highly loaded gas turbine combustion chamber.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer nebeneinander angeordneter keramischer Elemente in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- einen Längsschnitt entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 1, wobei zusätzlich die metallische Tragstruktur abgebildet ist;
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrere nebeneinander angeordneter keramischer Elemente mit Isolationskörpern in den Hohlräumen zwischen den keramischen Elementen;
- Fig. 4
- einen Teillängsschnitt mit verschiedenen elastischen Elementen zur Anpressung der Isolation an die keramischen Elemente;
- Fig. 5
- eine Draufsicht auf die Grundfläche eines keramischen Elementes in einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 6
- eine Draufsicht auf die Grundfläche eines keramischen Elementes in einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a plurality of ceramic elements arranged side by side in a first embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a longitudinal section along the line II-II in Figure 1, wherein the metallic support structure is also shown.
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view of several juxtaposed ceramic elements with insulating bodies in the cavities between the ceramic elements;
- Fig. 4
- a partial longitudinal section with various elastic elements for pressing the insulation against the ceramic elements;
- Fig. 5
- a plan view of the base of a ceramic element in a second embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 6
- a plan view of the base of a ceramic element in a third embodiment of the invention.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Figuren 1 bis 6 näher erläutert.The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments and the figures 1 to 6 explained in more detail.
Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete keramische
Elemente 1 einer keramischen Auskleidung einer nicht dargestellten
Gasturbinenbrennkammer. Die keramischen Elemente 1 haben in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel
im wesentlichen die Form eines Tetraeders. Sie weisen somit eine
Grundfläche 2 mit einer Anzahl n Ecken auf, wobei in diesem Falle n = 3. Die drei
Seitenlängen der Grundfläche 2 sind gleich gross. An der Spitze jeden Elementes
1, hier also an der Spitze des Tetraeders, ist ein Haltebolzen 3 angeordnet, der in
den Tetraeder integriert ist. Jedes keramische Element 1 besteht somit aus dem
Tetraeder einschliesslich dem Haltebolzen 3. Die Tetraederform ist fertigungstechnisch
sehr günstig. Durch ihre allseitige Ausformbarkeit beim Pressen der
Rohlinge wird ein guter Verdichtungsgrad erreicht. Durch die Tetraederform wird
aber auch funktionsmässig eine günstige Form erreicht. Die grossen heissen Flächen
des Tetraeders gehen kontinuierlich in den Haltebolzen 3 über. Das ist
spannungsmässig sehr günstig, so dass der Brennkammerziegel unempfindlich
gegen Schwingungen und Temperaturgradienten ist und dadurch seine Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit
gering ist.Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of several ceramic arranged side by
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 1. Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich,
dass die keramischen Elemente 1 jeweils mit ihrem Haltebolzen 3 an der metallischen
Tragwand 4 der Brennkammer befestigt sind. Die Zwischenräume zwischen
der Tragwand 4 und den keramischen Elementen 1 sind mit Isolationsmaterial 5
ausgefüllt. Im einfachsten Falle kann als Isolationsmaterial 5 Luft verwendet werden.
Eine bessere isolierende Wirkung haben dagegen Isolationskörper 5 aus
beispielsweise Al2O3, ZrO2, Schäume oder Legierungen beider Oxide, sowie Retikulärkeramik
aus beiden Oxiden oder Legierungen, sowie Isoliersteine aus Oxidkeramik
insbesondere der genannten Oxide.Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the
Fig. 3 zeigt in einer perspektivischen Darstellung die Anordnung von lsolationskörpern
5 in den Hohlräumen zwischen den keramischen Elementen 1. Zwischen
den Isolationsteilen 5 und den keramischen Elemente 1 gibt es einen Formschluss.
Dadurch werden separate Halterungen für die Isolation überflüssig.3 shows a perspective view of the arrangement of
In Fig. 4 sind Varianten dargestellt, wie die Isolation 5 elastisch angebunden sein
kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass zwischen der metallischen Tragstruktur 4 und der
Isolation 5 elastische Elemente 6 angeordnet sind, welche die Isolation 5 gegen
die keramischen Elemente 1 drücken und somit Kühlluftleckagen verhindern sowie
eine Schwingungsdämpfung verursachen. Die elastischen Elemente 6 können
dabei z. B. Zylinderdruckfedern (linker Teil von Fig. 4), Tellerfedern (Mitte von Fig.
4) oder gewellte Bleche (rechter Teil von Fig. 4) sein. Fig. 4 zeigt auch zwei mögliche
Befestigungsvariantenfürden Brennkammerziegel (keramisches Element 1)
an der Tragwand 4. Im linken Teil von Fig. 4 ist dargestellt, dass der Haltebolzen 3
mit einem Gewinde 9 versehen ist, auf das eine Mutter 10 aufgeschraubt ist, während
im rechten Teil von Fig. 4 die Befestigung des Haltebolzens 3 und damit des
keramischen Elementes 1 an der Tragwand 4 mittels einer Gewindebüchse 11
und eines zweiteiligen Gewindeeinsatzes 12 dargestellt ist.4 shows variants of how the
In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen können auch die keramischen Elemente 1 über
elastische Elemente 6 mit der Isolation 5 gegen die Tragstruktur 4 gedrückt werden.
Dann werden die gleichen Vorteile erzielt. Bei geeignetem Isolationsmaterial
kann die Isolation 5 auch selbst als Federlement 6 dienen. In other exemplary embodiments, the
Neben den bisher beschriebenen tetraederförmigen Elementen 1 können als keramische
Auskleidungen beispielsweise auch pyramidenförmige Elemente verwendet
werden, welche eine Grundfläche 2 mit 4 Ecken (Fig. 5) oder 6 Ecken
(Fig. 6) aufweisen. In Fig. 6 ist angedeutet, dass die der Heissgasseite zugewandte
Grundfläche 2 auch mit speziellen Wärmedämmschichten oder abriebbeständigen
Schichten 13 versehen sein kann. Dies ist dann zu empfehlen, wenn
qualitativ minderwertigeres Grundmaterial verwendet wird, so dass dieses dann
einer höheren thermischen und mechanischen mechanischen Beanspruchung
standhalten kann. Als Schichten 13 sind beispielsweise Schichten aus retikularen
Strukturen geeignet, aber auch kurzfaserverstärkte Schichten, Spritzschichten,
chemisch abgeschiedene Schichten oder in elektrischen Feldern (Elektrophorese)
abgeschiedene Schichten sowie Sol-Gel oder aus der Gas- oder Flüssigphase
abgeschiedene Schichten.In addition to the previously described
Als Material für die keramischen Elemente 1 ist vor allem monolytische Keramik,
gesintert oder reaktionsgebunden, geeignet. Faserverstärkte Keramik ist aber
ebenfalls geeignet.The material for the
Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die eben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele
beschränkt. So kann beispielsweise auch der Haltebolzen 3 elastisch
gelagert sein, oder es können keramische Elemente 1 als Auskleidung der
Brennkammer verwendet werden, die einen anderen pyramidenförmigen Körper
als oben beschrieben aufweisen. Die keramischen Elemente 1 können z. B. konvex
oder konkav gekrümmte Tetraederflächen aufweisen, was vorteilhaft ist, weil
damit Krümmungen der Brennkammerwände gut ausgeglichen werden können. Of course, the invention is not based on the exemplary embodiments just described
limited. For example, the retaining
- 11
- keramisches Elementceramic element
- 22
-
Grundfläche von Pos. 1Base area of
item 1 - 33
- Haltebolzenretaining bolt
- 44
- Tragwandsupporting wall
- 55
- Isolationisolation
- 66
- elastisches Element, z. B. Tellerfeder, Zylinderdruckfederelastic element, e.g. B. disc spring, cylinder compression spring
- 77
- Schicht auf Pos. 2Layer at pos. 2
- 88th
- Brennraumcombustion chamber
- 99
-
Gewinde auf Pos. 3Thread on
item 3 - 1010
- Muttermother
- 1111
- Gewindebüchsethreaded bushing
- 1212
- Gewindeeinsatzthreaded insert
- 1313
- Wärmedämm-, abriebbeständige SchichtenThermal insulation, abrasion-resistant layers
Claims (10)
- Ceramic lining for combustion spaces (8), which consists of a plurality of elements (1) which are arranged next to one another and are fastened to the inside of a metallic carrying wall (4) subjected to high thermal stress, in each case by means of a holding bolt (3), at least one insulation body (5) being arranged between the metallic carrying wall (4) and the ceramic elements (1), characterized in that the ceramic elements (1) have essentially the form of a straight regular pyramid, the base (2) of which possesses n corners and faces the combustion space (8), and in the vertex of which the holding bolt (3) is integrated.
- Ceramic lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic elements (1) form, with their faces facing away from the combustion space (8), cavities which are filled with insulation bodies (5) which make a form fit with the ceramic elements (1), on the one hand, and the metallic carrying wall (4), on the other hand.
- Ceramic lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic elements (1) form, with their faces facing away from the combustion space (8), cavities which are filled with air.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ceramic elements (1) have a triangular base (2).
- Ceramic lining according to Claim 4, characterized in that the ceramic elements (1) have essentially the form of a tetrahedron.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that the insulation bodies (5) are pressed against the ceramic elements (1) by means of elastic elements (6), preferably cup springs, cylindrical compression springs or elastic plates.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that the ceramic elements (1), together with the insulation bodies (5), are pressed against the metallic carrying wall (4) by means of elastic elements (6), preferably cup springs, cylindrical compression springs or elastic plates.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the holding bolt (3) of the ceramic element (1) is mounted elastically.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the faces of the ceramic elements (1) and of the insulation bodies (5) are of convex or concave design.
- Ceramic lining according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the base (2) of the ceramic elements (1) is provided with heat-insulating layers or abrasion-resistant layers (13).
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98811182A EP1006315B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber |
| DE59810637T DE59810637D1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber |
| US09/442,480 US6223538B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-11-18 | Ceramic lining |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98811182A EP1006315B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1006315A1 EP1006315A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
| EP1006315B1 true EP1006315B1 (en) | 2004-01-21 |
Family
ID=8236460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98811182A Expired - Lifetime EP1006315B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Ceramic lining for a combustion chamber |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6223538B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1006315B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59810637D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4172913B2 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2008-10-29 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Combustor wall segment and combustor |
| EP1528343A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Refractory tile with reinforcing members embedded therein, as liner for gas turbine combustion chamber |
| US7665307B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-02-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Dual wall combustor liner |
| EP1862740B1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2015-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber wall |
| US8435007B2 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2013-05-07 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Hybrid turbomachinery component for a gas turbine engine |
| EP2233835A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Combustion chamber brazed with ceramic inserts |
| GB0913580D0 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2009-09-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | Combustor tile |
| WO2012006507A2 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Stellar Materials Incorporated | Refractory structural element |
| DE102012219120A1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Thin-walled housing with cooling fluid directing power transmission elements |
| DE102012022199A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-28 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Combustor shingle of a gas turbine |
| US9651258B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-16 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Shell and tiled liner arrangement for a combustor |
| USD737523S1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-08-25 | Imaging Systems Technology, Inc. | Tile |
| US10113559B2 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2018-10-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine impact liner |
| EP3040617B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2017-12-06 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Retention system for gas turbine engine assemblies |
| US10451280B2 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2019-10-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Combustor panel having material transition region |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE535497A (en) * | 1954-02-26 | |||
| GB783521A (en) * | 1954-04-29 | 1957-09-25 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Heat-transfer wall structures |
| GB1121991A (en) * | 1966-12-03 | 1968-07-31 | Brian John Wilce | An improved unit for linings to furnaces and the like |
| DE1922679C3 (en) * | 1969-05-03 | 1979-05-10 | Plibrico Co Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf | Fireproof ceiling or wall construction for lining industrial furnaces or the like. and method of installation |
| SE8106899L (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-05-20 | Hoeganaes Ab | ELDFAST FOOD FOR OVEN |
| EP0224817B1 (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1989-07-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield arrangement, especially for the structural components of a gas turbine plant |
| DE3625056C2 (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1997-05-28 | Siemens Ag | Refractory lining, in particular for combustion chambers of gas turbine plants |
| US5553455A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1996-09-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Hybrid ceramic article |
| US5331816A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-07-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine combustor fiber reinforced glass ceramic matrix liner with embedded refractory ceramic tiles |
| DE4343319A1 (en) * | 1993-12-18 | 1995-06-22 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Combustion chamber with a ceramic lining |
| DE19502730A1 (en) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-08-01 | Abb Management Ag | Ceramic lining |
| DE19623300A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | Siemens Ag | Heat shield arrangement, in particular for structural parts of gas turbine plants, with a layered structure |
| DE59706557D1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2002-04-11 | Alstom | Ceramic lining |
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 DE DE59810637T patent/DE59810637D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-30 EP EP98811182A patent/EP1006315B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-11-18 US US09/442,480 patent/US6223538B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59810637D1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| US6223538B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 |
| EP1006315A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
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