EP0895020A1 - Dispositif d'introduction d'air pour un réservoir hydropneumatique - Google Patents
Dispositif d'introduction d'air pour un réservoir hydropneumatique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0895020A1 EP0895020A1 EP19980401961 EP98401961A EP0895020A1 EP 0895020 A1 EP0895020 A1 EP 0895020A1 EP 19980401961 EP19980401961 EP 19980401961 EP 98401961 A EP98401961 A EP 98401961A EP 0895020 A1 EP0895020 A1 EP 0895020A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pump
- pressure
- hydropneumatic
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/20—Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
- Y10T137/3115—Gas pressure storage over or displacement of liquid
- Y10T137/3118—Surge suppression
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
- Y10T137/3115—Gas pressure storage over or displacement of liquid
- Y10T137/3127—With gas maintenance or application
- Y10T137/313—Gas carried by or evolved from liquid
- Y10T137/3133—Gas injectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air introduction device in a hydropneumatic tank fitted to a pipeline hydraulic which can be, in particular, a water distribution network drinking water or irrigation, or a sewage or drainage system chemical liquids.
- a hyropneumatic tank can operate as a regulation (or hydrophore) to regulate the pumping pressure and ensure continuity of service in the pipeline, within a range of pressure between a high level and a low level. Beyond the high pressure level, the supply pump (or one of the pumps) of the pipeline is stopped. The regulation tank then makes a water supply in the pipeline. When the low level is reached, the pump is restarted to ensure sufficient pressure and flow in the pipeline.
- a regulation or hydrophore
- a hydropneumatic tank can also be used as anti-ram tank in a hydraulic line to compensate the effects of depression and overpressure caused, for example, by stopping a pump or closing a valve.
- the functioning of such a reservoir is known in particular from French Patent No. 2,416 417 (ROCHE).
- hydro-pneumatic tank requires maintaining the most constant amount of air possible at inside of it.
- the hydropneumatic tank contains effect, in operation, of water or any liquid in flow in the pipeline, and air trapped in the tank just above the surface of water or liquid. A dissolution of air in the liquid can occur and thus create a variation in the amount of air trapped in the tank. So it is necessary introduce air into the tank in case of insufficiency.
- bladders are sometimes used which have cost disadvantages, even fragility, especially for large installations and high pressures, pressure drop when emptying due to the installation of a grid intended for prevent bladder extrusion, and need to control the air inflation of the device.
- air compressors we can also cite the use of air compressors. However, these are not recommended for drinking water systems due to the risk of oil in the air injected, and are relatively expensive.
- the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of aforementioned systems by proposing an air introduction device simple, inexpensive, low energy consumption and not modifying not the hydraulic operation of the installation.
- the air introduction device is intended for a hydraulic system including a hydropneumatic tank mounted on a pipeline.
- the air introduction device is mounted so as to introduce air into a water area of the system where the pressure is close to atmospheric pressure, i.e. lower or slightly higher.
- the device is active only when there is a lack of air in the hydro-pneumatic tank. Thus, the energy required by the introduction of air is low, or almost zero in some cases.
- the device generally comprises an air supply tube fitted means for controlling the introduction of air.
- the device of air introduction is mounted on the pipe between a water intake and a pump.
- the pipe is provided with a pressure reducing device upstream of the hydro-pneumatic tank, the air supply tube being connected to said means depression.
- the device air inlet includes a bypass tube connected to a part in water from the hydropneumatic tank, an auxiliary pump fitted on the bypass tube, and a pressure reducing device mounted downstream of the auxiliary pump, the air supply tube being connected to said means depression.
- the pressure-reducing means comprises a tube of venturi.
- Venturi tube provides liquid pressure locally below atmospheric pressure.
- Other ways depressants are possible: diaphragm, etc.
- the device air inlet includes an electric valve and a shut-off valve adjustment or an air introduction flow limiter arranged on the tube air intake.
- the device of air introduction is mounted upstream of a pump, the supply tube of air opening into the low pressure area of the pump.
- the area low pressure designates the location of the pump where, when operation, air can be injected and where the pressure of the threads liquids is minimal or close to the minimum.
- the air supply tube may open into the strainer pump inlet.
- the air introduction device comprises a small air booster mounted on the air supply tube, when the pressure P S is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- P S is the absolute pressure in the air introduction zone, pump strainer, low pump pressure zone, suction pipe upstream of the pump, etc.
- the pressure P S is lower than atmospheric pressure and the booster is unnecessary.
- the invention also relates to a pump equipped with a air introduction device and a hydropneumatic tank fitted an air introduction device.
- air can be introduced into a tank hydropneumatic with low or very low consumption of energy and using a device of great simplicity and low cost.
- the hydraulic system includes a pipe 1 provided with a pump 2 and a reservoir hydropneumatic 3 located downstream of the pump 2 on the pipeline 1 and serving as a control tank or an anti-ram tank.
- the upstream end 1a of the pipe 1 is equipped with a strainer 4 and a foot valve, not shown, for withdrawing water or a any liquid in a tarpaulin 5.
- the reservoir hydropneumatic 3 allows to adapt the liquid flow in the Line 1 to the needs of the users. So when the liquid in the hydropneumatic tank 3 reaches a higher level 6a, pump 2 is stopped and the hydropneumatic tank 3 is emptied gradually by supplying liquid in line 1. When the liquid in the hydropneumatic tank 3 reaches the lower level 6b, the pump 2 is restarted to ensure, on the one hand, the flow in line 1 and, on the other hand, the filling of the hydropneumatic tank 3.
- Another use of the tank hydropneumatic is the use as an anti-ram tank as already indicated.
- the proper functioning of the hydro-pneumatic tank 3 requires a relatively constant amount of air is present inside. However, the air present in the hydro-pneumatic tank 3 tends to dissolve in the liquid.
- an air introduction device 7 comprising a tube 8 one end of which opens into the open air and the other end of which opens into line 1, an electric valve 9 and a member air flow limiter 10, for example an adjustment valve air introduction, both arranged on the air supply tube 8.
- the electric valve 9 is connected to a lack of air detector 11 placed on the hydropneumatic tank 3.
- the lack detector air can be, for example, a level sensor but others systems are possible.
- the electric valve 9 Only when a lack of air is to be filled in the hydropneumatic tank 3 and that the pump 2 is in operation, the electric valve 9 is open, which causes the introduction of air through the tube 8 into the pipe 1 in upstream of the pump 2.
- the pressure P S prevailing in the pipe portion 1 limited by the pump 2 and the strainer 4 is lower than atmospheric pressure due to the suction of the pump 2 and the fact that this is arranged above the level of the water body. The air thus introduced then passes through pump 2 and then into the hydropneumatic tank 3.
- an air trap 12 can be provided located at the base of the hydropneumatic reservoir 3.
- the air trap 12 may consist of a portion of sloping pipe directed towards the down in the downstream direction.
- the sheet 5 is placed at an altitude higher than that of the pump 2.
- the air introduction device 7 is then placed in the immediate vicinity of the pump 2, the air supply tube 8 opening into the low pressure zone of pump 2 to take advantage of the fact that the pressure P S y is less than atmospheric pressure.
- the pump 2 is of the submerged type.
- the air introduction device 7 is again provided with the tube 8 opening into the low pressure zone of the pump 2 to take advantage of the fact that the pressure P S y is lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the air introduction device operates from the same way for one pump or for a plurality of pumps arranged in parallel. Only one device can be provided for several pumps, the tube 8 then having ramifications towards each pump after the electric valve 9 and the regulating valve 10 ( Figures 1, 2, 3), or each equipped with an electric valve for prevent overpressurized air from reaching the strainers of the pump the stop ( Figures 4 and 5 and possibly 6).
- the pump 2 is submerged.
- the air supply tube 8 of the air introduction device 7 opens into the strainer 4 of the pump 2.
- the pressure P S prevailing in the strainer 4 is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the air introduction device 7 is therefore provided with an air booster 13 disposed upstream of the regulating valve 10 and capable of providing a slight overpressure relative to the pressure P S prevailing in the strainer 4 minus the pressure atmospheric and more pressure losses in the device. For example, an overpressure of the order of a few tenths of bars may be necessary.
- FIG. 5 shows a variant close to FIG. 4, in which pump 2 is replaced by an electric pump group submerged provided with a pump 14 and a drive motor 15.
- the electric valve is not necessary, because the introduction of air is controlled by the operation and stopping of the booster 13.
- booster 13 operates only when it is necessary to compensate for a deficit of air in the hydro-pneumatic tank and when the pump is running.
- Figure 6 shows a hydraulic system identical to that of Figure 2, but in which the air introduction device is similar to that of Figure 4 because P S is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the air introduction device is provided with a booster 13 and its tube 8 opens immediately at the inlet of the pump 2 or, better still, in the low pressure area of the pump 2, which reduces the value of P S.
- the booster 13 can be equipped with a buffer bottle, not shown, in the event that its flow rate is too great.
- the valve 16 or an electric valve 9 is here essential to prevent a return of liquid to the booster 6, when the pump 2 is stopped as well as the booster.
- the air introduction device 7 is provided with a submerged booster 13, the regulating valve 10 being placed in the air free, upstream of the booster 13 on the air supply tube 8.
- the tube air intake 8 connects to a strainer or to the weak zone pressure of a submerged pump, not shown.
- the hydropneumatic reservoir 3 is arranged in lying position and is connected to a portion of upstream pipe 1b and to a portion of downstream pipe 1c. Like the two portions of pipe 1b and 1c open directly into the hydro-pneumatic tank 3 without being interconnected, it is guaranteed that air arriving via the upstream pipe portion 1b remains in the tank hydropneumatic 3 and is not sent to the pipeline portion downstream 1c.
- An equivalent system can equip a hydro-pneumatic tank in vertical position, the pipe portions 1b and 1c arriving then in the convex bottom of this tank.
- a pressure-reducing system is directly installed on the pipeline. 1 or bypass so as to create an area where the operating pressure P S is lower than atmospheric pressure.
- a venturi tube 17 which has the shape of a constriction, is arranged on the pipe 1.
- the venturi tube 17 comprises a convergent 17a, a cylindrical portion 17b and a divergent 17c.
- the operating pressure P S in the cylindrical portion 17b is much lower than the pressure prevailing in the rest of the pipe 1.
- the venturi tube 17 is dimensioned so that the pressure P S is less than atmospheric pressure.
- the air introduction device 7 comprises a supply tube air 8 in communication with the cylindrical portion 17b, a valve electric 9 and an adjustment valve 10. We thus manage to introduce air in a pipeline. under high pressure when the valve electric 9 is open.
- FIG. 10 Alternatively and advantageously, provision can be made ( Figures 10 and 11) a bypass tube 18, the two ends of which are connected to the hydropneumatic tank 3 in a portion still in water from this one.
- the bypass tube 18 is provided with an auxiliary pump 19 low power but able to withstand high pressures prevailing in the hydropneumatic reservoir, of a venturi tube 17 arranged downstream of the auxiliary pump 19 and of a device for introducing air 7 connected to the venturi tube 17.
- the pump 19 When a lack of air is to be filled in the hydropneumatic tank, the pump 19 is started, which causes the circulation of liquid in the bypass tube 18.
- the venturi tube 17 creates an area where the operating pressure P S is less than atmospheric pressure.
- the air introduction device 7 provided with an air supply tube 8, a valve 16 and an adjustment valve 10, allows air to enter as long as the pump 19 is operating. When the latter is stopped, the valve 16 closes under the pressure of the liquid and the introduction of air is stopped.
- auxiliary pump 19, "in line” is only intended to create in the tube 18 sufficient circulation. Its head can therefore be unimportant and represent only a small fraction of that of the pumping station pumps or the prevailing pressure in the hydropneumatic tank.
- the valve 16 can be replaced by an open electric valve 9 only when the auxiliary pump 19 is operating.
- the system can operate regardless of the state of the pump (s) of the pumping station: stop or start.
- the hydropneumatic reservoir 3 generally of the water balloon type, comprises an asymmetrical member 20, for example a pierced valve creating a pressure drop when filling the hydropneumatic reservoir 3.
- a bypass tube 21 is disposed between the pipe 1 and the hydropneumatic reservoir 3.
- the pressure drop created during filling of the hydropneumatic reservoir 3 by the asymmetrical member 20 causes a sufficient flow to pass through the tube 21 provided with a venturi tube 17 and a device for introduction of air 7 so that the operating pressure P S in the cylindrical portion of the venturi tube 17 becomes lower than atmospheric pressure and allows the introduction of air.
- the air introduction device 7 includes both an electric valve 9 open when an air deficit is to be filled and a non-return valve 16 to prevent liquid leaking through the tube 8, excluding filling of the hydropneumatic tank 3, but the electric valve 9 being open.
- an air introduction device in a hydropneumatic tank suitable for systems hydraulic systems of various types, water hammer tanks, regulation, low cost and low energy consumption.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
- Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Dispositif d'introduction d'air (7) dans un système hydraulique comprenant un réservoir hydropneumatique (3) monté sur une canalisation, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est monté de façon à introduire de l'air dans une zone en eau du système où la pression absolue Ps est soit inférieure, soit légèrement supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le dispositif étant actif uniquement lorsqu'un manque d'air est à combler dans le réservoir hydro-pneumatique.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un tube d'amenée d'air (8) équipé de moyens de contrôle de l'introduction d'air.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est monté sur la canalisation entre une prise d'eau et une pompe (2).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la canalisation est pourvue d'un moyen déprimogène en amont du réservoir hydropneumatique, le tube d'amenée d'air étant relié audit moyen déprimogène.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un tube de dérivation (18) relié à une partie en eau du réservoir hydropneumatique, une pompe auxiliaire (19) montée sur le tube de dérivation, et un moyen déprimogène monté en aval de la pompe auxiliaire, le tube d'amenée d'air étant relié audit moyen déprimogène.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen déprimogène comprend un tube de venturi (17).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une vanne électrique (9) et un organe limiteur de débit (10) de l'introduction d'air disposés sur le tube d'amenée d'air.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est monté en amont d'une pompe, le tube d'amenée d'air débouchant dans une zone de faible pression de la pompe.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est monté en amont d'une pompe immergée, le tube d'amenée d'air débouchant dans la crépine (4) d'entrée de la pompe.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un surpresseur d'air (13) monté sur le tube d'amenée d'air lorsque la pression Ps est supérieure à la pression atmosphérique.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la pression Ps est inférieure à la pression atmosphérique.
- Pompe équipée d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
- Réservoir hydropneumatique équipé d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9709902A FR2766883B1 (fr) | 1997-08-01 | 1997-08-01 | Dispositif d'introduction d'air pour un reservoir hydropneumatique |
FR9709902 | 1997-08-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0895020A1 true EP0895020A1 (fr) | 1999-02-03 |
EP0895020B1 EP0895020B1 (fr) | 2009-02-18 |
Family
ID=9509954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980401961 Expired - Lifetime EP0895020B1 (fr) | 1997-08-01 | 1998-07-31 | Dispositif d'introduction d'air pour un réservoir hydropneumatique |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6047721A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0895020B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE423292T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69840557D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0895020T3 (fr) |
DZ (1) | DZ2577A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2322303T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2766883B1 (fr) |
MA (1) | MA24625A1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT895020E (fr) |
TN (1) | TNSN98147A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2930014A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-16 | Charlatte Reservoirs Soc Par A | Dispositif et procede d'introduction d'air dans un reservoir hydropneumatique |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140373938A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-12-25 | Jaidip Shah | Liquid Supply System |
CN104929988B (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-04-13 | 上海东方泵业(集团)有限公司 | 一种消除汽蚀的方法和装置 |
US10883663B2 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-01-05 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc | Rapid fill container system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3347256A (en) * | 1964-12-21 | 1967-10-17 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Pressure surge suppression in pipe lines |
FR2416417A1 (fr) | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Roche Emile | Reservoir antibelier a regulation d'air automatique |
US4182358A (en) * | 1976-07-12 | 1980-01-08 | Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Komplexnoi Avtomatizatsii Neftyanoi I Gazovoi Promyshlennosti | System for limiting rate of pressure rise in pipeline during hydraulic impact |
EP0617227A1 (fr) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-09-28 | Charlatte | Système de régulation d'air pour réservoir hydropneumatique |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2524770A (en) * | 1945-05-11 | 1950-10-10 | F E Myers & Bro Company | Centrifugal ejector pump |
US2705457A (en) * | 1949-06-06 | 1955-04-05 | American Machine & Metals | Air volume regulator |
US2708881A (en) * | 1952-11-24 | 1955-05-24 | Berkeley Pump Company | Air pumping jet system |
US2756762A (en) * | 1953-05-25 | 1956-07-31 | Jacuzzi Bros Inc | Pressure tank air charger assembly |
US2918931A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1959-12-29 | Penn Controls | Air charger for pressurized tanks |
US2938464A (en) * | 1957-07-02 | 1960-05-31 | Nielsen Mfg Co | Air charger |
US3195464A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1965-07-20 | Flint Pump & Equipment Co | Air control system for liquid storage tanks |
US3225696A (en) * | 1965-02-08 | 1965-12-28 | Walter L Brigman | Valve arrangement for well pumps |
-
1997
- 1997-08-01 FR FR9709902A patent/FR2766883B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-30 US US09/124,978 patent/US6047721A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-31 MA MA25197A patent/MA24625A1/fr unknown
- 1998-07-31 TN TNSN98147 patent/TNSN98147A1/fr unknown
- 1998-07-31 PT PT98401961T patent/PT895020E/pt unknown
- 1998-07-31 DE DE69840557T patent/DE69840557D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-31 ES ES98401961T patent/ES2322303T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-31 EP EP19980401961 patent/EP0895020B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-31 AT AT98401961T patent/ATE423292T1/de active IP Right Revival
- 1998-07-31 DK DK98401961T patent/DK0895020T3/da active
- 1998-08-01 DZ DZ980187A patent/DZ2577A1/fr active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3347256A (en) * | 1964-12-21 | 1967-10-17 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Pressure surge suppression in pipe lines |
US4182358A (en) * | 1976-07-12 | 1980-01-08 | Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Komplexnoi Avtomatizatsii Neftyanoi I Gazovoi Promyshlennosti | System for limiting rate of pressure rise in pipeline during hydraulic impact |
FR2416417A1 (fr) | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Roche Emile | Reservoir antibelier a regulation d'air automatique |
EP0617227A1 (fr) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-09-28 | Charlatte | Système de régulation d'air pour réservoir hydropneumatique |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2930014A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-16 | Charlatte Reservoirs Soc Par A | Dispositif et procede d'introduction d'air dans un reservoir hydropneumatique |
EP2110597A1 (fr) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | Charlatte Reservoirs | Dispositif et procédé d'introduction d'air dans un réservoir hydropneumatique |
US8132587B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2012-03-13 | Charlatte Reservoirs | Apparatus and method for introducing air into a hydropneumatic reservoir |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2322303T3 (es) | 2009-06-18 |
MA24625A1 (fr) | 1999-04-01 |
DE69840557D1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
FR2766883A1 (fr) | 1999-02-05 |
EP0895020B1 (fr) | 2009-02-18 |
FR2766883B1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 |
ATE423292T1 (de) | 2009-03-15 |
PT895020E (pt) | 2009-05-25 |
TNSN98147A1 (fr) | 2000-12-29 |
DZ2577A1 (fr) | 2003-02-22 |
US6047721A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
DK0895020T3 (da) | 2009-06-15 |
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