EP0888500A2

EP0888500A2 - Locking element for securing two elements, and thus assembled elements

Info

Publication number: EP0888500A2
Application number: EP97948665A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Albert Kobler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1996-12-20
Filing date: 1997-12-19
Publication date: 1999-01-07
Also published as: WO1998028546A3; WO1998028546A2

Abstract

A mechanical joining means designed as a locking element is suitable for assembling and securing especially prefabricated elements of all types in an invisible manner. The locking element is a flat, mainly round metal disk designed as a clamping element with two opposite cut-outs shaped as clamping tongues and a hole of a particular shape at the centre of the metal disk. Together with two holding bolts which are inserted into the elements to be assembled, the metal disk takes up the function of a connecting element. The locking element acts as a lock which can be locked and opened without problems when it is inserted into recesses partially cut into the elements to be assembled and is tightened by a special socket spanner. The size and material of the locking element largely depend on its destined use.

Description

Turnbuckle for fixing two parts as well as element assembly

Technical field

The invention relates to a mechanical connecting means as a turnbuckle for the fixation of two parts via tension supports near the joint of both parts. In particular for panel connections, for panel construction, for element construction, for interior construction and for frame and beam connections, the turnbuckle has a flat lock washer with at least two tension tongues designed for tensioning engagement with a tightening, for engaging in retaining bolts that are in the parts are anchored.

State of the art

There are a multitude of options in the trade for concealed connection of two parts via the two butt surfaces. The classic connection for this is the connection via tongue and groove or, correspondingly, with a tongue, which is placed in the two grooves which are incorporated for this. Depending on the intended use, this connection can be made detachable, such as for room claddings with wall or ceiling panels or floor straps. The main idea here, in addition to the simple on-site installation, was above all that the wood can shrink and grow with different levels of moisture. These building materials are still widely used. Since the use of relatively large-area panels instead of narrow boards or straps, the situation has changed in that the majority of the decorative layers are now applied to the panels by painting or by wallpaper or special floor coverings. It is required that the joint is formed in such a way that there is no more movement after completion. The joint cannot open anymore. In the case of panel joints, the connection is mostly made with tongue and groove or with a tongue and permanently fixed by gluing. Groove and comb have an alignment function perpendicular to the board level, the glue provides the resilient and inseparable connection. The glue can be applied by hand to the desired places on the construction site. Most types of glue used do not work immediately. The two parts have to be held together under pressure for some time after assembly so that they do not stick to the Butt joint forms a gap. It was clear to every specialist that every concept has its price, which can be particularly remarkable when it comes to manual work. In recent times, instead of beams that are sawn from whole tree trunks, glued beams with a layered structure have been used more and more. The connection of such beams is only partially made with the classic spigot. The joints are becoming increasingly common, e.g. connected by nail plates. One advantage of the prefabricated elements is that complete elements with inclusion of heat and sound insulation layers can be manufactured ready-to-use under controlled conditions in the workshop, so that they only have to be used and connected on site. At least this is how the layman imagines the process. Placing the prefabricated elements is actually not a problem, but connecting the elements. For many reasons, the gluing of larger elements on the construction site is impossible, just like nailing. The majority of the elements are screwed together today. Often up to meter-long screws are used for this. These are not particularly advantageous in terms of handling. The connection of prefabricated elements has not yet been satisfactorily solved in practice.

DE-PS 195 22 285 proposes, for the vertical connection of two prefabricated elements, to design the respective joints as interlocking dovetail shapes. The basic idea is that the dovetail connection, which has been tried and tested in furniture construction for a long time, should be usable for the corresponding small elements, just as for large elements. In practice, this very young solution is somewhat skeptical, since successful handling is only possible under ideal conditions. For example, the elements must not become damp, otherwise assembly will be very difficult. The solution is also only suitable for vertical connection.

The German utility model DE-GM 1882 174 proposes a building fitting for connecting wall elements. The building hardware consists of an S-shaped clamping plate, which is firmly combined with a swivel axis. The pivot axis forms a guide tube that is clamped precisely in the middle of the joint and installed in a guide hole in the two wall elements to be connected. The guide tube extends to the plate alignment, at which point a slot is made for key engagement. When the wall elements are put together, the socket is turned clockwise by means of a socket wrench which engages in the slot of the guide tube. The two beaks of the clamping plate, which are provided with a suit, engage behind retaining bolts, which are attached to one of each of the two parts to be connected, thereby attracting the two wall elements against each other. The Suit forms a kind of inclined plane, which is chosen so that self-locking occurs in every position. A tongue or groove connection is no longer required. As far as the applicant is aware, this solution has not been able to establish itself in the proposed prefabricated timber construction sector. The main reason is seen in the fact that the claimed benefits do not apply to shrinking by drying. The clamping effect can only work if the guide bore and swivel axis fit exactly, which is essentially what is required. The central disadvantage of the solution shown is that the main force of the tensioning action is absorbed in the tensioned state between the support bolt and the swivel axis, so that a gap can occur when the wood shrinks at the joint. The connection is not covered by the swivel axis.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention was now to create an inexpensive, stable connecting element or an inexpensive, stable composite which is easy to use and also allows a very high degree of prefabrication, can preferably be used concealed and and where necessary, can also transmit larger forces.

The turnbuckle according to the invention is characterized in that the lock disc is designed without a guide center. The concealed fixation of both parts results in a non-positive connection, via the suitably equipped legs of the clamping tongues and retaining bolts, which are anchored in the parts.

The center axis required for mounting and fixing can particularly preferably be integrated in a mounting key. The assembly key takes over the guiding during assembly so that the lock disc can be centered and tightened firmly. After tightening, the assembly key is pulled out so that the forces go directly to the two parts to be connected via the clamping tongues and retaining bolts.

It was recognized by the inventor that double guidance in accordance with the above-mentioned utility model proposal is only practical in exceptional cases. This is the case if holes are made with the highest precision. At least in the wood industry, however, this is not the case. According to the invention, the lock disc has no support shoulder or is without a guide center. The design without a management center with the omission of the swivel axis still has two other big advantages. If the swivel axis extends to the plate surface or plate alignment for easy key engagement, a certain dimension must be maintained between the plate alignment and the lock disc, or a large number of different lengths of the guide tubes are required if parts of different thicknesses such as beams or plates have to be connected.

The second major advantage is that the solution according to the invention can actually be attached in a concealed manner in that the hole for the key can be closed with so-called knot patches made of the material of the parts to be connected. A not insignificant advantage lies in the fact that, due to the lack of a guide tube connected to the lock washer, the same lock washer can be used as a pull or hook connection. In a preferred embodiment, the lock disk has a rotary engagement passage in the center. In this preferred form of passage, e.g. simply a 4 or 6 square hole as a clamping center, intended for inserting the clamping key. Particularly when used on vertically standing elements, at least one clamping tongue has a sawtooth-like interlocking point as an assembly aid. The lock disc can thus be pushed or hammered into one part with a light hammer blow and is held in this position until the parts are connected. The new invention also has a large number of further advantageous configurations, in particular very advantageous applications, for which connections which have to date been unsuitable are used. For this purpose, reference is also made to claims 5 to 15.

The invention further relates to a mechanical connection consisting of at least two elements, with a concealed fixation that can also be quickly attached or attached to the construction site in the area of the joint, and is characterized in that one or more slot-like recesses are provided at the joints of the elements. The connection is established or can be established by inserting the lock washers. The lock washer acting on both sides can generate a tensile force on the elements in the direction of the joint. The lock disc can be used in two ways (A and B). The clamping force is generated according to type A via the clamping hole by rotating the lock disc via wedge-shaped clamping engagement shoulders on the two clamping tongues. According to B, as the second type, either the dead weight of one of the two elements or an external force on the elements generates the clamping force on the joint via the wedge-shaped clamping engagement shoulders. The new invention makes it possible to connect elements easily, precisely, rationally and non-positively and gives a large number of Advantages. The new turnbuckle solves a long-standing problem or fills a gap in the area of connection systems. It can be used, e.g. in timber construction, as beam and slab connections of all kinds. But also for element construction in steel, plastic, stone or other suitable materials it can be used as a pull or hook connection and is particularly suitable for the following areas:

• full elements (panels, etc.)

• elements planked on both sides

• optimized prefabrication in element construction

• horizontal connections for slabs and beams

• is also particularly suitable for all types of frames such as windows or door frames, especially as a quick and effective assembly aid

• with many concealed corner connections

• also in the area of exhibition stand construction

• It can be assembled using standard tools

• versatile (removable)

• simple and precise (short assembly time)

• Suitable for all wall thicknesses as well

• rational and inexpensive.

A test structure constructed according to the invention has confirmed that surprising, combinatorial effects can be used by a whole number of advantages. With the flat design, the effect of a lamella or spring is achieved, so that the two parts to be connected are connected exactly to one another in the transverse direction and absolutely flat surfaces are produced at the joint. A shift in the transverse direction of the plates can be excluded in this way. Due to the lack of a guide tube, the lock washer creates a permanent, remarkably high tensile force for both parts to be connected in the direction of the joint. The end faces at the joints can be designed as desired, be it with sealing strips and / or a tongue and groove or tongue connection. With each turnbuckle of the larger types several hundred kg of tension can be generated, so that e.g. from 5 to 6 turnbuckles or turnbuckles of any size, easily 1 to 2 tons of permanent tensile force can be applied vertically to the joint. The flatness of the pane allows a thin cut in the material to be connected in the middle, neutral area, so that the static load capacity of the elements is not impaired.

The new invention allows a surprisingly diverse use, which is practical. It turns out that there are also a variety of connection problems consists. In some cases, you don't want to have any visible cross holes in the elements, whereas a slot-like milling does not interfere. The new solution now allows both highly effective and simple use. In both cases, a wedge-shaped clamping engagement shoulder is used, so that the non-positive connection is created by the flat lock washer. In one case, the clamping force is generated by a rotary movement of the lock disc. Here, the wedge-shaped effective clamping shoulders are formed in opposite directions on both clamping tongues. In the second case, the lock washer is held on one side in a defined position in the first element, and the second element to be connected, in which a milling is also present, is pushed into the vicinity, so that the protruding lock washer part partially penetrates the milling. The rest of the movement, in particular the actual clamping movement, then takes place in the case of heavy, vertical elements due to the weight of the element, in that corresponding tensioning supports fitted in the element slide along the clamping engagement shoulder. The clamping engagement shoulder is inclined, whether as a straight line or slightly curved, in such a way that a tight clamping lock is created between the two abutting edges via the lock washer. In the case of lighter elements, especially if they are horizontal, the span connection can also be made by external force using clamps or hammer blows.

The turnbuckle according to the invention can be used in the same way for a horizontal butt as for a vertical one, and can be used on at least three sides of a plate element if appropriately designed. At a distance from the butt joints, tension supports are arranged in the "fore wood" of the two parts, which are required for a clamp-like engagement of the lock washer. In the simplest case, the tensioning supports are formed by simple split pins, which are punched into the bores that have previously been made using a drilling jig. For special applications, a pocket e.g. in the area of the slot. be used in plastic, which then already has tension supports and the slot. The basic or standard shape of the new lock disc has a central turning engagement point for a rotary tensioning movement in relation to rotating support surfaces, which are preferably attached in both elements. The holes for the split pins and slightly larger holes for the key insert can be located in the same operation. The lock washer is preferably S-shaped or Z-shaped, the tensioning tongues forming the outer S-arches or Z-arches in such a way that the lock washer can be used to be rotated left or right. The clamping tongues are wedge-shaped on the inside of the tip of the tongue and / or formed by corresponding incisions in the lock disk that taper inwards like tongues. Thereby they make Incisions less than 50% of the lock disc area to create a lamella effect. For wood construction and for prefabricated prefabricated elements that are planked on one or two sides, larger lock washers from e.g. about palm size or larger and about 1 to 6 mm preferably used up to 4 mm thickness. In the area of classic timber construction, such a size is sufficient in most cases. In the interior, especially for the so-called table tops, also for kitchen construction or for built-in boxes, but also when connecting wood and metal, wood and plastic or plastic / metal and metal / metal or plastic / plastic, the new solution can be very advantageous in many cases . For this purpose, different sizes, e.g. suggested from about 2 cm in diameter. The lock washer is preferably made of metal, e.g. galvanized structural steel, but can also be a particularly tough plastic or stainless, preferably non-magnetizable steel or a spring steel.

The new turnbuckle is particularly suitable for prefabricated prefabricated elements that are ready to be assembled. The slot-shaped recesses at the joint into the material interior of both elements form a kind of lock housing. At the same time, pins which can be attached in both elements form the support points, and a transverse bore in one, preferably half in both elements, forms a rotary support surface for the use of a wrench. The connection is a complete lock and at the same time a strong, hidden tension clamp. Basically, only the lock washer, but preferably also the support point is added as a simple element. The rest is made up of and in the elements itself, as mentioned, a kind of lock housing. For special cases, an additional pocket with an integrated support point and the slot can be advantageous. The wrench can be provided with a guide sleeve. This serves above all to optimally position the lock disc before the months and is also an insertion aid for the wrench. The tensioning supports can be formed from at least one or more cross pins made of metal, plastic or wood for wooden elements in the parts to be connected.

A very important point of the new invention is that regardless of the thickness of the parts to be connected, the lock washer, for example. can always be used in the middle or in a force-optimal zone of the elements, and thus result in the least possible weakening for the elements. In special circumstances, two or even more clamping disks can be used in a parallel arrangement, ie with the same turning centers. It is possible to use them without or with intermediate distances between the individual panes. In the case of an elemental structure, the distance from the outer ends of the joint Elements at least one turnbuckle and between the two depending on the required static strength of the connection at least one or more or any number of turnbuckles attached. Particularly preferred areas of application for the new invention are interior and exterior wall elements, ceiling and floor elements as well as beam composite elements. The element assembly is made up of individual prefabricated prefabricated elements. It can be planked on one or two sides, with insulation already installed or inserted. The prefabricated prefabricated elements can be connected on site via the lock washers. This shows that the new connection according to the invention is not only a substitute for previous connection means. The new invention allows a strong connection with great binding power, and above all, it also enables the highest possible degree of prefabrication in the workshop. As long as a single, possibly subsequently closable borehole is permissible, the elements, including the insulation, can be manufactured ready for use in the workshop. A planking on both sides has a very advantageous effect if the insulation is not a mat or the like, but rather is an inflatable product, such as that for example. are known under the brand name "Isofloc". The blowing can also take place in the workshop under optimal conditions. A very particularly advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the lock disc has locking points for securing the closed position, wherein the locking points can be arranged on the outside or inside of both clamping tongues.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to some exemplary embodiments.

Brief description of the invention

Show it:

1 shows the end face of two thin plates, each with an eccentric

Milling for a lock disc; Figure la the two plates of Figure 1, butt-to-butt pushed together with the drill holes. Figure lb a step 1 for the assembly of the two plates according to Figure 1 and la; Figure lc the plates according to Figure 3 are collided as step 2;

Figure ld the lock washer is tightened by a rotary movement with a key, as step 3; Figures 2 and 2a show a lock disc with a circular outer contour; Figure 3 and 3a and 3b special forms of the lock washer; Figure 4 shows a corner connection;

Figure 5 shows an example of box elements of the prior art with a screw connection; Figure 5a shows the box elements of Figure 5, connected according to the invention;

Figure 5b different examples of spring and dowel connection and a

Sealing tape application; Figures 6, 6a and 6b three examples of the application of the invention for surface elements; Figures 7, 7a and 7b further examples for the application of the invention; FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal connection of an outer wall of the building;

Figure 9 shows a corner connection for exterior wall panels of buildings;

Figure 10 and 10a shows a built-in lock disc with a keyhole as well

Action / reaction forces; Figures 11 and 11a model the assembly of panels and corners; Figure 12 schematically engages a lock washer;

13 and 13a a plate connection with rotation-free use of the

Lock washer, as hook connection; Figure 14, 15, 16 different examples of the rotation-free use of

Lock washer; Figure 17a, 17b two different sized lock washers of an S application for one

Carpenter and a Z shape for the carpenter.

Ways and implementation of the invention

In the following, reference is now made to FIGS. 1 to 1d. In Figure 1, the two abutting surfaces 3 and 4 of two plates 1 and 2 are shown. In both plates, a milling or slot 5, respectively. 6 attached. The two plates 1 and 2 are pushed together in the figure la butt to butt. The operations according to FIGS. 1 and 1a are preferably carried out in the workshop. In the figure la holes 7 are shown as a keyhole with play for the wrench 10 and holes 8 and the driving in of 9 for each one of the split pins 11 and 12, which are firmly hammered into the so-called forestry of the plates. The bores 8 and 9 are preferably not drilled through completely so that one side of the plate can remain uninjured. The holes 7, 8 and 9 are made with drilling jigs to ensure precise engagement of the lock washer. Figures lb, lc and ld show three work steps in fixing the two plates 1 and 2 with a lock washer 14. The lock washer 14 is first pushed according to arrow 13 into the slot 6 of the plate 2, as in the right half of the figure lb is shown. Thereafter, the plate 1 is pushed against the plate 2 in turn, butt to butt. In the In most cases, the lock washer is only used during assembly on the construction site. FIG. 1c shows the two plates 1 and 2 completely pushed together with the tensioning disk still inserted without tension. FIG. 1d shows the tensioning process by means of a key 10. This is turned by approximately 90 ° and can be pressed into the secured position at the end with a small blow. The wrench is then removed. If necessary, the hole 7 can be closed with a knot. The locking disc can be tensioned in a matter of seconds. The lock washer can also be used in the workshop for partial assembly.

FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the lock washer 14, in the view for a torsional bracing. 2a is a side view with a wrench 10. The tensioning process takes place via a rotary movement about an axis 27. FIG. 2 shows a particularly successful shape with a basic shape as a circle 16, from which the lock washer 14 is worked out. The actually characteristic shape lies in an S- or Z-like appearance, depending on the side from which the lock disk 14 is viewed. Against a center line 17, the lock washer has a middle widened tension element 18 on which protruding tongues 19 and 20 protrude in both sides. Each tongue has a sufficient suit, ie a wedge effect when tightening or a clamping engagement shoulder 105. The suit results in the form shown from the fact that on the one hand the outer contour is a circular shape, but on the other hand the clamping tongues 19 and 20 point 22 as a stop shoulder a larger width, opposite the point 21 or at the tip of the tongue 23. The tip of the tongue 23 is somewhat rounded. At the point 22, a small rest area can be arranged, for example. may consist of the suit being changed to a negative suit, as indicated by arrow 24, or of tooth-like design. The wrench 10 is a simple four-sided key. Any other form of key intervention can also be selected. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a, the flatness of the lock disc is characteristic. The thickness normally ranges between 1 and 6 mm, 3 mm is an ideal measure. A guide aid 25, which is firmly attached to the key, is advantageous in many cases. This gives the clamping key guidance and helps, so that when the lock disc is turned vigorously by the key, the parts do not move in the direction of impact, especially if it is e.g. are miter cuts with a small frame. For an anti-rotation lock, the lock washers can e.g. with wart-like protruding points 29 or, if necessary, by applying glue. The middle widening of the tensile body on the one hand gives the lock disc a stronger lamella effect and increases the strength in the middle, in the area of the clamping center 26. In Figures 1 and 2, the clamping center 26 is shown approximately in the center of the lock plate 10 as a square. For special applications e.g. for the last element of a wall, it can be advantageous if the plate can simply be pushed in the transverse direction to the wall already installed (FIGS. 3 and 3a). Here, a lock washer 30 with an eccentrically arranged rotary engagement point 26 can be advantageous. The hole for the rotary engagement point is shifted here at a distance C from the abutting surface of the plate 2 into the inside of the plate. The distance X for the pins 11 and 12, which is identical for the two plates in the solutions according to FIGS. 1 and 2, is different here with X 'and X "for the two plates 1 and 2. A functionally essential feature of the lock washer is in the clamping engagement shoulder 105. The clamping engagement shoulder results from a wedge shape formed against the stop shoulder from the tongue tip 23. The clamping engagement shoulder results from a tangentially spiraling downward contour. has a circular shape from which the two tension tongues 19, 20. It is essential for the solution according to the invention that the tensioning disk can be used in a concealed manner with a minimal weakening of the fore-wood by the slot that can be removed from the inside Slat to be ensured, but a strong closing g are generated and maintained by both parts or elements towards the impact point. The turnbuckle should be concealed, so that as far as possible no damaged areas are visible to the outside or at least are easy to close again. The lock should be inexpensive to manufacture and very quick to assemble, it should be quick and easy to set up in seconds.

FIG. 4 shows purely schematically the use of two lock disks 14 according to the invention for connecting two plates which collide at an angle. This is often the case in kitchen construction, where the elements can be clamped together from below with the wrench 10. It does not matter whether the plates e.g. are made of wood or stone.

FIG. 5 shows box elements as are used in the prior art. The box elements 40a - 40k are each identical and connected on site. The connection can e.g. over long screws, as indicated with a center line 41, are produced. Lock groove and comb between the elements in one direction, screws secure in the other direction. FIG. 5a now shows how the same box profiles can be connected according to the invention. The individual boxes a, b, c and d are combined to form a prefabricated element 42, and the individual boxes e, f, g and h are combined to form an element 43, etc. This not only results in a simple structure of the individual boxes, but also a smaller number of elements to be assembled on site. Each of the elements 42, 43, 44 etc. is clamped together on site by a number of lock washers. Depending on requirements, a spring 45 or dowel 46 or sealing strip 47 can also be provided at the joint on site, as indicated by FIG. 5b. The new invention is readily compatible with such components, especially with rubber-like sealing strips that are compressed during tensioning.

FIG. 6 shows an example of box elements 50a, 50b, 50c and 50d, which are each filled with insulation 51. Each of the boxes is connected to turnbuckles 14. In FIG. 6a, the advantage of the new invention is already exploited to a greater degree by connecting a, b and c to an element 52 and 53, etc., in the workshop. The structure of the individual boxes can be simplified as shown. Figures 6 and 6a are more for floor elements. According to the invention, even more savings can be made for wall or ceiling elements in that the prefabricated elements are each designed as a single box 55, 56. The interior can be filled with granular or foam-like insulation materials by the manufacturer in the workshop by blowing. But it is also possible to build a multi-layer structure, e.g. with additional sound insulation and possibly vapor barriers and heat insulation. The size of the elements depends on the optimal transport and handling. The size of these prefabricated elements is no longer limited by the system of mutual anchoring. On the contrary, the new anchoring system allows almost complete freedom in terms of size.

FIGS. 7, 7a and 7b show three further examples of prefabricated elements designed according to the invention. Figure 7 is a box girder structure. As an example only, an element has three individual boxes. The number of boxes and also the size of the elements 60 depend on the expediency. This also applies to the number of turnbuckles that are attached. FIG. 7a shows full floor elements 61, 61a, 61b, 61c, 61c etc. Only for example each element is connected to the next by means of turnbuckles. Here, too, elements with several individual beams can possibly be connected in the workshop with other means, in order to then anchor them on site with the turnbuckles. The same applies to FIG. 7b. The single beams can be connected by any means. However, it is also possible, as indicated in FIG. 7b, to connect a plurality of beam bodies to large elements 63, 64, 65 already during manufacture by gluing. The large element girders are then fixed on site by turnbuckles.

Figures 8, 8a and 9, 9a show a mounting example for wall elements. Figure 8 shows the joint of two prefabricated wall panels. Both the wall plate 70 and the wall plate 71 have planking on both sides, an inner planking 72 and an outer planking 73. The inner planking is the finished wall covering in the interior of the house. The external planking ensures the stability of the elements and includes the insulation. The elements additionally have an outer cladding 78 on the outside, which is also surface-treated, so that after assembly, the outer surface also no longer requires any treatment. This means that the corresponding building no longer knows a shell construction phase in the classic sense and no longer requires scaffolding. After creating the outer walls and inserting the windows, the outside of the house is finished apart from the roof. As indicated by arrow 74, the elements are fixed from the outside with turnbuckles. All preparations for the turnbuckle are in a cover wood 75 resp. 76 made in the workshop. The end wood 75 is firmly anchored in the wall plate 70, corresponding to the end wood 76 in the wall plate 71.

FIG. 9 shows a corner connection according to the invention. The wall plate 70, 71 corresponds to the embodiment in FIG. 8. The corner wall element 80 has additionally formed the corner, so that the joint is arranged as shown. For this purpose, the corner wall element additionally has a corner connection 81 with the bores and millings for the use of the turnbuckles according to the invention. The examples show that the new invention actually allows a higher degree of prefabrication and thus less expensive buildings, without any loss of quality, be it in terms of static strength or comfort.

In the following, reference is now made to FIGS. 10 and 10a. This lock washer is preferably made from spring steel quality and is designed for the highest loads, especially for carpentry, especially when the washer no longer needs to be loosened. Locking points 91 engage in a relatively thin locking pin 92 as soon as the lock washer is tightened or turned into the closed position up to the stop on the bolt 90. Preferably, several rest stops are arranged so that multiple security is created depending on the application. The outer rest area has the very special advantage that in addition to the Security against loosening of the lock washer, which can be subjected to tensile stresses much more with the stronger bolts 90. The lock washer is held on the one hand in the slot 6, which should at most have little play compared to the thickness D of the lock washer. On the other hand, the locking point 91 with the locking pin 92 prevents the tongues from being pulled out by a twist in the event of a large tensile load. The torque applied with the wrench creates the action forces 106, 106 'and reaction forces 107, 107' between the lock washer 14 and the two parts 1 and 2 in the joint area, which now play a part in the play of shrinkage and growth of the forestry. The keyhole SL is slightly larger than the corner dimension EM of the clamping center 26 or the clamping key. The depth position a / b can be chosen arbitrarily. However, the depth of the keyhole SL-T is preferably chosen to be smaller than b + b.

As can be seen in FIGS. 11 and 11a, according to the invention the flat plate side can be connected to it in exactly the same way as a corner.

FIGS. 13 and 13a show the use of a lock disc without an economy key. Figure 13 shows a position of two elements 1/2 respectively. 100/101, in which the lock washer 14 is firmly hooked into the element. An action of force, in the figure from top to bottom, on the part of the lock disk protruding from the element causes a torque around the center of the bolt 90 '. Rotation of the lock disc is prevented by a stop 102, which ensures an exact position of the lock disc together with the bolt 90. Prior to the situation according to FIG. 13, element 2 or 101 pushed in according to arrow 103. Then a movement according to arrow 104 or. 104 '. The bolt 90 now ensures that the plate 2/101 not only moves parallel to the plate 1/101, but is now pushed towards the element 1/100 by the clamping engagement shoulder 105. In the case of heavy, vertical elements, the dead weight of element 2/101 is sufficient for this process. In the end position of the assembly, the bolt 90, which is firmly anchored in the element 2/101, comes into position 22 or close to it, so that a movement of the two elements 1/2 or. 100/101 perpendicular to the abutting surfaces is prevented. It is important that the tightening angle is an acute angle according to the geometry of the known friction wedges, e.g. from 1: 7 to 1: 25. The milling 6 'of the second element must be carried out somewhat longer, as can be seen in Figure 13a, so that the displacement of the second element is possible. The reference number 100, 101 denotes elements other than plates, for example. Beam elements that are connected accordingly. Figures 14, 15 and 16 show different applications for the twist-free use of lock washers. FIG. 14 shows a vertical joint of two plates analogous to FIGS. 13, 13a. FIG. 15 shows an example of a longitudinal beam joint, two lock washers being used. FIG. 16 shows an example of a support, with lock disks according to the invention being used instead of pin connections.

In the following, reference is now made to FIGS. 17 and 17a. FIG. 17a shows a further application example with the S-shape application for carpenters. The stable and more precise connection of the miter cuts to a frame, e.g. on a door or foot frame is often associated with difficulties with the previously known means. An upper frame part 200 is connected to a vertical frame part 201 by a lock washer 14 S. 14-S expresses that it is a Type S for carpenters. S or Z is only one way of looking at it (from the front or from the rear), so the direction of rotation for tensioning and releasing is reversed. The miter cut 202 can be glued in the production workshop or on the construction site and can be immediately and immovably clamped with the lock washer. FIG. 17 shows a type Z for the carpenter as a size comparison. The carpenter type can be 1 to 2 mm thick, the carpentry solution twice as thick. For small parts, the carpenter type e.g. be only half the size shown. The split pins 11 and 12 can also be made of hardwood. In many applications, it may be appropriate to manufacture the joiner types not in metal but in plastic. FIG. 17 b also shows an enlarged view, on the one hand the corner dimension EM or the turning circle of the key. In FIG. 17b it is a square key, in FIG. 17a it is a hexagon key. The dimension Bs is the hole dimension or keyhole in the elements to be connected. The dimension Bs is at least a game of a few tenths of a millimeter zone larger than the dimension EM. Figure 2a shows the application in the connection of light small parts in the carpentry area. After the connection of the two parts, the forces should in each case run directly via the clamping tongues 19, 20 and the split pins 11, 12 into the parts and towards the joint. With the recesses 203 a slight entanglement of the lock washer is indicated at this point so that the lock washer can be clamped in the slot 5 of one part during assembly. The slight entanglement is indicated by arrows 204.

Claims

claims

1. Turnbuckle for fixing two parts via two turnbuckles near the joint, the turnbuckle having a flat lock washer with at least two tension tongues designed for tensioning engagement, characterized in that the lock washer is designed as a lock without a guide center for concealed fixation both parts and defined, non-positive connection via the suitably equipped legs of the clamping tongues.

2. Turnbuckle according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock washer S or Z-shaped and is formed with a passage for a turning engagement.

3. Turnbuckle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the turnbuckle has an assembly aid, which is preferably formed with slot-like locking points.

4. Turnbuckle according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the passage for the rotary engagement in the lock disc is triangular, quadrangular or polygonal.

5. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lock washer has an at least approximately circular outer contour.

6. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that both tension tongues are wedge-shaped from the tip of the tongue and / or are formed by corresponding tongue-like incisions in the lock washer, the incisions accounting for approximately 50% of the lock washer surface, to create a slat effect.

7. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lock washer has a central passage for a rotary engagement for a wrench, the wrench being provided with a guide shaft which supports and guides the forces of the clamping and releasing movement serves.

8. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lock washer is less than 10 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 millimeters thick, for the connection of frames, plates, boards or furniture parts.

9. Turnbuckle according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the tightening area of the clamping tongues is formed at least in two stages, a first slightly inwardly projecting engagement shoulder with subsequent preferably even, self-locking pull-out for clamping the parts together.

10. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it can be produced, in particular for prefabricated prefabricated elements such as wooden elements, panels or beams, with slot-shaped recesses at the butt joint in the material interior of both elements, a lock housing, and transversely in both elements attachable cotter pins the support points, and in the case of a turning intervention a cross hole in one, preferably half in both elements for the wrench engagement, the cross hole being one working cycle larger than the outer turning circle of the wrench.

11. Turnbuckle according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cross hole to cover the turning engagement by a cross wood pin consisting of the same material of the parts can be closed.

12. Composite element for timber element construction, with one or more turnbuckles, according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at a distance from the outer ends of the joint of the elements at least one turnbuckle and between the two elements depending on the required static strength of the Connection at least one or more turnbuckles are attached, the elements inside or outside wall elements or ceiling or. Are floor elements or composite beams or panels, and the joint has sealing strips and / or a groove / ridge or spring connection, the element assembly being formed from individual prefabricated prefabricated elements with one- or two-sided planked elements, with fully inserted or attached insulation, whereby the individual prefabricated elements can be connected on site via lock washers.

13. Elementvarbund for wooden elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the corners of the wooden elements, in particular door and window frames or analog frames of large pieces of furniture, can be connected via a concealed turnbuckle.

14. Composite element according to claim 1 for inner or outer covers for building interior or exterior parts, characterized in that unequal materials wood, metal, stone, plastic or non-wood-based materials can be connected with it, such as stone-stone, metal-metal, plastic Plastic.

15. Element composite, in particular for element construction, with a concealed fixation that can be quickly attached or attached in the area of the joint by a turnbuckle according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more slot-like recesses are provided at the joints of the elements, and the connection either is produced or can be produced by rotatable S- or Z-shaped lock washers, by bilaterally acting tension tongues, preferably mounted on the lock washer in opposite directions, via which a tensile force can be generated on the elements in the direction of the joint, or by rotation-free lock washers with a wedge-shaped clamping engagement shoulder is produced or can be produced, the tensile force on the elements in the direction of the joint being able to be generated by the dead weight of one of the elements or by external force acting on at least one of the elements.