EP0883740B1 - Internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, especially a multi-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with split cast housing consisting of two Half shells, which are connected by fastening bolts are braced, the division plane in crankshaft and the cylinder axis direction runs, according to the preamble of claim 1, and Process for their production according to claim 9 (see e.g. GB-A-2150635).

Such internal combustion engines are in the prior art described.

DE 2718162 A1 describes an air-cooled one Single-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of a cylinder with at least outlet and overflow channels, a two-part housing and one in the housing mounted crankshaft. The housing is in Direction of the cylinder extension up to the top edge of the exhaust duct is divided. The division level runs through the crankshaft bearing and through the Cylinder axis. The cylinder and cylinder head are in one piece designed as a die-cast part; are on the cylinder head Cooling fins are formed above the cylinder.

Furthermore, US Patent No. 4763619 discloses a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine shared with one engine block cast construction, the Division level through the crankshaft bearing and the Cylinder axes run. The two engine halves will connected by bolts connected by the entire housing are passed through. The cylinder liners are in one piece with a cylinder head Cast part made and with the engine halves by a Clamping device connected positively. The gap between the engine block and the cylinder liners flowed through by coolant.

In both of the aforementioned known internal combustion engines form those molded in one piece with the cylinder liners Cylinder heads a complicated molded part, which only using cores with large Effort can be made. The cylinder heads must also be designed to be particularly stable since it is wide protrude beyond the housing. Another disadvantage The one-piece construction is that for repairs the entire cylinder liner / cylinder head component must be replaced, even if only one socket or part of the cylinder head is damaged.

Finally, it is known (DE-GM 1993272), one Single-cylinder two-stroke engine with water cooling from two in Split housing halves in the direction of the crankshaft axis put together, each as a one-piece Cast part to be made. Here is the cylinder head already molded on, so that the training of The mold must meet certain requirements. A Suggestion for casting a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine the publication is not closed remove.

In US Patent No. 5429080 is an internal combustion engine described in the two housing halves are interconnected, each in a cylinder liner and a cylinder cover can be used. The Cylinder covers have valve guides and in- and outlet channels and stand over the upper housing part out. The division level of the housing halves runs parallel to the cylinder axis direction and perpendicular to the crankshaft axis, which in the case of a Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine to a plurality of Partial half-shells, each leading to single-cylinder modules and put them together into an engine block be, the sealing effort accordingly is great. The cylinder covers protruding over the housing require one for skill reasons massive execution.

The present invention is based on the object an inexpensive to produce from a few castings to create compact multi-cylinder internal combustion engine which are easy to manufacture and also maintenance and is easy to repair.

This task is accomplished by a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with the features of claim 1 as well as a process for their die-casting manufacture solved according to claim 9.

An internal combustion engine according to the invention has separate Cylinder liners as an insert in the provided recesses of the cast half-shells at the head end each by a separate with an all-round edge or collar Cylinder covers are tightly closed, the Cylinder cover completely and sealing with its edge, e.g. with the upper edge of the housing, between the half shells are clamped. Through the constructive Interpretation of the housing shells results in a shallow depth of form and the internal combustion engine according to the invention is therefore inexpensive from two, for example made of light metal in the die casting process Housing halves can be produced. When using Aluminum as a casting material becomes a compact internal combustion engine with a weight reduction of up to 30% compared to engines made from gray cast iron created. Furthermore, avoiding over carries the housing contours protruding components for compact design. The use of separate The cylinder liners and cylinder covers promote cost-effective production and simple assembly. Of Another advantage of this is that everyone Cylinder cover can be easily replaced individually e.g. if the valve seats are damaged. So points this concept has significant advantages over the usual full block cylinder heads on liquid-cooled Engines on. The less frequently exchanged cylinder liners are easy by removing one half of the shell accessible. Cylinder liners and cylinder covers are edged in the housing such that only the valve stems and the injector shaft over the housing shells protrude. This will in advantageously the risk of damage to the Cylinder liner or the cylinder cover external influences minimized. The cylinder liners can, for example, from gray cast iron by centrifugal casting or by spray compacting from AlSi material be made.

In an advantageous development of the present Invention, the cylinder covers each have a and exhaust valve and an injector. The required passageways and openings either subsequently inserted or be made directly during casting.

It also sees an advantageous embodiment before that the lid in its edge area each Have inlet and outlet opening. The side Arrangement of the inlet and outlet openings allows that the cylinder cover is a complete compact assembly with valves, valve seats and inlet and outlet channels form, the inlet and outlet openings at the Installation with appropriate housing parts in sealing Be connected and the cylinder cover sits sealingly on the cylinder liner.

Furthermore, it is provided that each side the half-shells inlet and outlet channels run. This will make the inlet and exhaust connections in simply on side flanges on the outside the housing shells.

The internal combustion engine advantageously has Lubricant and coolant channels in the housing halves to ensure adequate cooling and Ensure lubrication. It can be the Coolant around water, oil or any other for cooling act appropriate fluid.

An advantageous further development provides that the Channels for lubricant and / or coolant supply through one or more prefabricated pipe systems are formed which are each in the two half shells are cast in. This contributes in an advantageous manner rational manufacture of the motor housing, since the otherwise customary and expensive post-processing of the Castings by drilling coolant and lubricant channels eliminated.

• Erstellen von Rohrsystemen zur Ausbildung der Kanäle für die Gasströmung sowie die Schmier - und Kühlmittelversorgung in den Gehäuseteilen,
• Einlegen der Rohrsysteme in die Druckgußformen für die Gehäuseteile,
• Gießen der Gehäuseteile mit darin eingebetteten Rohrsystemen zur Ausbildung von Gehäusehalbschalen (1a, 1b) des Motorgehäuses.

An advantageous method for the die-casting production of an engine housing, which is divided in two in the direction of the crankshaft, for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine has the following method steps:

• Creation of pipe systems for the formation of the channels for the gas flow as well as the lubricant and coolant supply in the housing parts,
• Inserting the pipe systems into the die casting molds for the housing parts,
• Casting the housing parts with embedded pipe systems to form housing half-shells (1a, 1b) of the motor housing.

In the present manufacturing process, this is Casting process radically simplified in that the Demolding depth of the two cast shells considerably is lower than in comparison with the usual gray cast iron housings. By bringing in the prefabricated Pipe systems in the die casting mold will be additional Post-processing saved, since the cutting insertion of channels for lubricant and / or coolant supply largely eliminated. Furthermore, the Pipes as tie rods for distributing the ignition pressures and Serve adhesion to the main camp. An advantageous one The casting process is the aluminum die casting process. By arranging the separation plane in the direction the crankshaft and cylinder axis can be Multi-cylinder engine in a simple way from two flat Make half shells. By pouring the pipe system in the half shells of the crankcase or Internal combustion engine frame halves result in a composite a static truss structure on both halves, so that only a little aluminum casting material as a filling around the to withstand dynamic forces is necessary. The Cylinder liners are preferably used as cast iron liners produced by centrifugal casting. Possible is also the use of cylinder liners made of ceramic. The cylinder covers have practical circular disk shape. In addition to the and outlet channels as well as the valve seats and the Plunger springs have an opening for the injector and quick start glow plug. The cylinder covers can already be pre-assembled between the half shells be used. The same applies to the crankshaft, which with the connecting rods and pistons and mounted on these cylinder liners with associated Seals inserted in a half-shell and through Interacting with the other half shell becomes. For this purpose, the two half shells by means of bolts that run across the motor housing, clamped together. The tension anchors for tensioning the two half-shells with each other are advantageous screwed into cast pipes, whereby the remaining annulus for the pressure oil supply is usable. This is an inexpensive one Manufacturing possible and maintenance becomes additional thereby facilitated by simply opening it one half of the housing access to the built-in parts of the Motor is possible.

Fig. 1

eine Explosionszeichnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzylinder-Viertakt-Motors;

Fig. 2

die Anordnung der Schmiermittelkanäle sowie der Bolzen zum Verspannen der beiden Gehäusehalbschalen;

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch einen Zylinder gemäß der Erfindung quer zur Teilungsebene des Motors;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch einen Zylinder parallel zur Teilungsebene des Motors;

Fig. 5

Detail V aus Fig.4;

Fig. 6

eine teilweise geschnittene Draufsicht auf einen Zylinder.

The present invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

Fig. 1

an exploded view of a multi-cylinder four-stroke engine according to the invention;

Fig. 2

the arrangement of the lubricant channels and the bolts for bracing the two housing half-shells;

Fig. 3

a section through a cylinder according to the invention transverse to the plane of division of the engine;

Fig. 4

a section through a cylinder parallel to the parting plane of the engine;

Fig. 5

Detail V from Figure 4;

Fig. 6

a partially sectioned plan view of a cylinder.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a four-cylinder engine according to the invention. This has two light metal housing halves 1a, 1b, whose division level is in the assembled state along the crankshaft axis and the cylinder axes extends. The cutouts in the housing halves 1a, 1b for receiving the cylinder liners 2 Support ribs 3, between which coolant flows. Furthermore, the cavities for receiving the Cylinder liners 2 paragraphs 4, which are transverse to Cylinder axis run. Paragraphs 4 are used Receiving the collar 19 of the cylinder liner 2 when installed. In addition, in the Housing half-shells 1a, 1b the split bearing seats 5 shown to accommodate the crankshaft bearing. In the housing webs 18 on which the bearing seats 5th are integrally formed, the passages 6 for the tension anchors for tensioning the half-shells shown. Furthermore, 18 are on the housing webs Through holes 17 between each Cylinder chambers arranged. About this finds the Exchange of lubricating oil and the housing ventilation take place. Between the two housing half-shells 1a, 1b Crankshaft 7 with the connecting rods 8 and the pistons 9 shown. Furthermore, there are between the housing shells 1a, 1b, the cylinder cover 10 with the Valve tappet springs 11 and the injection nozzles 12 as well the inlet / outlet openings 13 shown. The cylinder covers 10 have a jacket-shaped edge 14, the Width across the inlet or outlet opening 13 extends and the full of the housing halves 1a, 1b is recorded and pressed for tension. The or outlet openings 13 of the cylinder cover 10 Channels 15 assigned in the housing shells. On the Upper housing half-shells are each openings 16 the lubricant channels arranged. These serve at the same time as screwing points for the camshaft bearing, which at the same time tense the Cylinder cover 10 is used. At the front of the housing is the flywheel housing 100 and the flywheel 101 arranged. The seal of the two housing halves 1a, 1b is metallic by bracing with one another or by gluing the two with surface sealant Housing halves and bracing together.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a motor housing at the level of a housing web 18 of the two housing halves 1a, 1b. In it, the cast pipes 20 are Lubricating oil supply for the top arranged engine parts to recognize. The tubes are removed from the bearings 5 supplies, which run parallel to the division level and during the casting process into the shape of the housing halves are inserted. The bearings 5 are one pinched oil supply line 103 supplies the directly after the oil pump and the oil filter is. The line 103 is above that Ventilation through hole 17 and is via line 104 connected to the camp 5. Perpendicular to the division level run bores 21 which receive tension anchors 22, which are screwed by means of nuts 23. in the The area of the cylinder cover is the housing halves 1a, 1b by means of a cylinder screw 24 and a nut 23 screwed. This carries a sleeve 25 and on both sides an O-ring 102 which is used for sealing serve as the screw connection through the coolant jacket goes. On the top of the two housing halves 1a, 1b are the camshaft bearing blocks by means of expansion screws 26 27 attached, the same time for bracing the Serve cylinder cover. The screws 26 in Internal thread of the tubes 20 screwed. The pipes 20 also serve to transport oil up to the cylinder covers and camshaft bearings. The tubes 20 will via the connecting bores 28 with pressure oil from the Store 5 supplies. Furthermore, in FIG Centering pin 29 and the ventilation through hole 17 to recognize. The latter serves to connect the cylinder chambers and enables ventilation of the chambers. The The level of the oil sump is above the lower edge of the Through hole 17.

Fig. 3 shows a section through a cylinder according to of the present invention. Inside is the one in the cylinder liner 2 arranged pistons 9 with the connecting rod 8 recognizable. The cylinder liner 2 is between the Housing shells 1a, 1b clamped and lies in the middle area on the support ribs. she is with a ring seal in the lower area 30 poems. Between the support ribs and the Casings are cavities 31 flushed with coolant Cooling of the cylinder liner available. Doing so the coolant through the tube 32 and the sleeve 33 fed and discharged via channel 38. On hers The cylinder liner 2 has a circumferential head end Socket collar 19, which sits on the paragraph 4. The head end of the cylinder liner 2 is by the Cylinder cover 10 covered against the cylinder liner 2 is tightly tensioned. In the cylinder cover 10, which is also designed as a casting, the inlet channel 35 and the outlet channel 34 are provided, where the position of the valve seat of the intake valve is only indicated by dashed lines, since this is located in front of the cutting plane. Between the inputs and Exhaust valves 36a, 36b is the injection unit (Pump nozzle) 37 arranged. The cylinder cover is also flows through the channels 38 and in coolant its upper area through the seal 39, as well through the seals 301 and 302 on the inlet and Outlet opening 13a, 13b sealed.

Fig. 4 shows a further section through the cylinder towards the division level. Next to the cylinder liner 2, the piston 9 and the connecting rod 8 and the Clamping pin 24 and 22 is the centering pin 29 and Sealing ring 30 shown. Furthermore is a cord seal 40 inserted between the housing halves. On the support ribs 3 protrude from the housing webs 18, which give lateral support to the cylinder liner 2. A recess 41 is located below the support ribs 3 provided for coolant flow. The cylinder cover 10 is above the cylinder liner 2 arranged and clamped tightly with this. The Valves 36a, 36b have outlet and inlet channels 34, 35 connected, with the inlet opening 13a dashed is indicated. The sleeves 25 and O-rings 102, which the cylinder screw 24 surround, serve for sealing between the coolant room and the oil-carrying room in the cast pipes 20. The cylinder cover 10 has lateral recesses 43 on the sleeves 25 and Partially pick up O-rings 102.

Fig. 5 shows detail V from Fig. 4, which shows the transition from the cylinder liner 2 to the cylinder cover 10 shows, with a support rib 3 with paragraph 4 and the Bushing collar 19 of the cylinder liner 2 shown are. The power flow takes place from the Camshaft bearing over the cylinder head cover 10 in the cylinder liner 2 over the sleeve collar 19 in Paragraph 4 in the housing web. Between cylinder cover 10 and the cylinder liner 2 is a metallic one Ring seal 50 for water and gas sealing provided, and as an additional fuel gas seal two butt-cut twisted against each other Sheet metal strips 51 and 51a inserted. The metal strips 51 and 51a are supported by a bush collar 52 Cylinder liner 2 held. Due to the compression and ignition pressure, the tapes are pressed against the wall and seal the gaps against fuel gases.

Fig. 6 shows a plan view of a cylinder with a cylinder cover 10, the level of the out and Inlet channels 34, 35 is cut. Between Valve openings 61, 62 is the opening 63 for the Injector shown. Furthermore, they are Camshaft bearing blocks 27, which are used to clamp the Serve cylinder cover, and the sleeves 25 dashed, because shown on another level. Finally is the rocker arm 64 is also dashed for valve actuation indicated.

Claims (9)

1. Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, in particular a four-stroke Diesel engine with a divided cast-metal crankcase consisting of two half-shells (1a, 1b) which are held together by means of fastening bolts (22, 24), whereby the joint plane extends in the direction of the crankshaft and cylinder axis, separate cylinder liners (2) being arranged in recesses (1a, 1b) provided for them, characterised in that the recesses are each sealed at their top end by separate cylinder covers (10) with a surrounding edge by which they are at least partly clamped in such a way that they are clamped between the half-shells (1a, 1b) of the crankcase.
2. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that each cylinder cover (10) is essentially clamped fully between the half-shells (1a, 1b) of the crankcase.
3. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that each cylinder cover (10) has an inlet and an outlet valve (36a, 36b) and an injector (37).
4. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that each cylinder cover (10) has in its edge areas an inlet port (13a) and an outlet port (13b).
5. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that passages (15a, 15b) extend on the sides through the half-shells (1a, 1b) of the crankcase, leading to the inlet and outlet ports (13a, 13b).
6. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the half-shells (1a, 1b) of the crankcase have passages (20) for the lubricant and/or coolant distribution system (31, 38), 41).
7. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the half-shells (1a, 1b) of the crankcase have cooling water passages (31, 38, 41).
8. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the passages (20) for the lubricant and/or coolant distribution system are formed by one or more prefabricated pipe systems which are cast-in within each half-shell (1a. 1b).
9. A method of manufacturing a die casting of an internal combustion engine according to Claim 1 in the following stages: -

   producing pipe systems forming the gas flow passages as well as lubricant and coolant distribution system passages in the parts of the crankcase;

   placing the pipe systems in the dies for the parts of the crankcase;

   casting the parts of the crankcase with the pipe systems embedded in them, to produce half-shells (1a, 1b) of the engine crankcase.

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