EP0880302B1 - Câble chauffant et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Câble chauffant et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0880302B1
EP0880302B1 EP19980400785 EP98400785A EP0880302B1 EP 0880302 B1 EP0880302 B1 EP 0880302B1 EP 19980400785 EP19980400785 EP 19980400785 EP 98400785 A EP98400785 A EP 98400785A EP 0880302 B1 EP0880302 B1 EP 0880302B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ptc
layer
center element
cable
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980400785
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0880302A3 (fr
EP0880302A2 (fr
Inventor
Lars Jonas Kenert Torstensson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
Original Assignee
Nexans SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexans SA filed Critical Nexans SA
Priority to DK98400785T priority Critical patent/DK0880302T3/da
Publication of EP0880302A2 publication Critical patent/EP0880302A2/fr
Publication of EP0880302A3 publication Critical patent/EP0880302A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0880302B1 publication Critical patent/EP0880302B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical heating cables and in particular to heating cables of the selfregulating type.
  • Such cables include two electrical conductors or electrodes and a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element arranged between the conductors.
  • PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient
  • Such cables are generally known from EP 0 160 100 A1 which describes a PTC heating cable having a cord- or tape-like structure.
  • a PTC heating element is provided between a pair of electrodes and the outer periphery of these members is covered with an insulation sheath.
  • a mathematical formula is determined for setting the resistance value of the electrodes.
  • a selflimiting electrical heating device using a PTC element between two conductors is also known from SE 433 999.
  • the PTC effect is obtained with a certain composition of materials.
  • a defined gap or distance between the two conductors is maintained by means of a special distance element or by incorporating glass fiber material in the PTC element.
  • EP-0 312 204 discloses a heating cable comprising a core, comprising a polymer center element, two electrical conductors, a PTC element therebetween, made of an extruded layer of a PTC material arranged over the center element in contact with said conductors, and at least one layer of insulation material.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the quality of selfregulating heating cables. This is obtained by making a new cable design and by simplifying the manufacturing method.
  • the main features of the invention are defined in the claims.
  • the present invention also relates to methods and means for crosslinking the PTC and other polymers used in the cable. This has previously been done with irradiation technique, but such processes should be avoided.
  • the silane crosslinking process can be undertaken by means of water and steam at a temperature of 20-100 °C.
  • Figure 1 is indicated a laminated cable structure consisting of a center element 1, a semiconducting layer 2 and outer insulation 3.
  • This polymer laminate is crosslinked by means of a silane process.
  • Outer protecting sheaths could consist of a metal sheath/layer and an outer corrosion protective layer of halogen free compound, PVC or Teflon.
  • the illustration shows a circular crossection and is not drawn to scale. The crossection may alternatively be oval or flattened in other ways.
  • the center element 1 and the insulation 3 may consist of polyethylene with silane/peroxide/antioxidant.
  • the semiconducting layer 2 may consist of polyethylene/ethylene-octene/ethylene/spherelene, carbon black, silane/peroxide/antioxidant.
  • Two bare conductors 4 and 5 - of copper or other suitable material - are tangentially arranged in the center element 1 so that part of the conductor surfaces coincide with the surface of the center element.
  • the conductors should preferably be arranged in opposite sides of the center element as illustrated.
  • the PTC layer 2 is arranged over the center element in contact with said conductor surface parts.
  • the cable core elements 1-5 may be assembled in a manufacturing line as illustrated in Figure 2 to provide the cable core illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the line may include a number of polymer extruders arranged in tandem to provide a core which in a further process is spirallized and then crosslinked in order to lock the spirallization and bond the layers together.
  • the center element 1 is supplied from an extruder 10.
  • the conductors 4 and 5 are supplied from reels 11 and 12 to a die 13 where the conductors are inserted into corresponding slots of the center element 1.
  • the resulting core element 14 is passed through an extruder 15 for application of the PTC layer 2 and further through an extruder 16 for application of the insulation sheath 3 to produce the core 17.
  • the extruders 15 and 16 could be a two layer extruder.
  • This core 17 is wound on a reel 18 which is also rotated in a plane perpendicular to the line axis to give the core a desired spirallization on the reel.
  • the polymer materials of the core are crosslinked in a silane crosslinking process (not shown) whereby the spirallization is locked.
  • the conductors 4 and 5 can be supplied from their reel directly into a center element extruder 20, Figure 3, for providing the core 14 which is passed through extruders 15/16 and further processing.
  • the cable core can be assembled in a number of consecutive steps as illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the elements 1+4+5 can be assembled in a first extruding process as outlined and the core 14 can be wound on a reel 30.
  • the center element reel 30 can be rotated in a plane perpendicular to the line axis to give the element 14 a desired spirallization before passing it through extruders 15 and 16 to produce a core 31 which is similar to the core 17 but which has a spirallized center element.
  • This core is wound on a reel 32 for silane crosslinking and further processing.
  • center element 1 can be premade with slots and spirallized and then crosslinked before inserting the conductors 4 and 5 into the slots and passing this cable core 1+4+5 through extruders 15-16 and further silane crosslinking means.
  • the spirallization is required in order to obtain a flexible cable which easily lends itself to installation in floors for room heating.
  • the center element slots and conductors could have a wiggle-waggle (S-Z) form.
  • the present invention use polymer based on metallocene technology and has to be grafted and crosslinked with the silane process.
  • the center element 1 consists of silane crosslinked polyethylene.
  • the polyethylene includes molecules of vinyltrimethoxysilane containing an organo heavy metal compound in an amount of from 0.005 to 1% by weight based on the total amount of said composition as a crosslinking catalyst.
  • the PTC polymer layer 2 is based on ethylene and ethylene-octene copolymer with carbon black and silane grafted by direct feeding silane/peroxide or using a Master Batch (MB) containing components which are needed to crosslink and heat stabilize the polymer materials involved in a silane/peroxide/catalyst process.
  • MB Master Batch
  • the PTC layer 2 and the insulation layer 3 are crosslinked by cross-linking reaction of trimethoxsilane groups in said polyethylene and the PTC polymer in the presence of water.
  • the PTC layer 2 and the insulation layer 3 may as mentioned above be extruded in one process and the PTC layer contains an organo metal compound selected from the group consisting of dibutyltin dilaurate.
  • the insulation layer 3 may be cured or crosslinked, by diffusion of the catalyst agent-dibutyltin dilaurate - from the PTC layer.

Landscapes

  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Câble chauffant comprenant un noyau comprenant :
    un élément central en polymère (1),
    deux conducteurs électriques (4, 5),
    un élément à PTC entre eux, constitué d'une couche extrudée (2) en matériau à PTC agencée sur l'élément central (1) en contact avec lesdits conducteurs (4, 5) et
    au moins une couche externe (3) en matériau isolant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ledit élément central (1) est extrudé,
    lesdits deux conducteurs (4, 5) sont agencés à l'intérieur de fentes prévues dans ledit élément central (1) de sorte qu'une partie des surfaces conductrices coïncide avec la surface de l'élément central (1),
    ladite couche (2) de polymère à PTC est en contact avec lesdites parties de surface conductrices,
    ledit noyau comprend au moins une couche isolante extrudée externe (3).
  2. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les conducteurs (4, 5) sont spiralisés ou en zigzag dans l'élément central.
  3. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins deux des éléments en polymère extrudé du noyau du câble-l'élément central (1) et les deux couches (2,3) sont collés entre eux.
  4. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de polymère (1, 2, 3) du noyau du câble sont réticulés par un processus au silane.
  5. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément central (1) est constitué de polyéthylène réticulé au silane comprenant des molécules de vinyl-triméthoxysilane contenant un composé en métal lourd organique en une quantité comprise entre 0,005 et 1 % en poids sur la base de la quantité totale de ladite composition comme catalyseur de réticulation.
  6. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche à PTC (2) est basée sur un copolymère éthylène et éthylène-octène avec du noir de carbone et du silane greffés par l'apport direct de silane/peroxyde ou par utilisation d'un mélange maítre avec du silane/peroxyde/catalyseur.
  7. Câble selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche à PTC (3) présente une résistivité du volume de 100 à 100 000 ohmcm.
  8. Procédé pour la création d'un câble chauffant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, ledit câble comprenant un noyau ayant deux conducteurs électriques (4, 5), un élément à PTC entre eux et une couche externe (3) de matériau isolant,
    caractérisé par
    la réticulation de l'élément à PTC (2) et la couche isolante (3) utilisant la réaction des groupes de triméthoxysilane dans le polyéthylène et dans le polymère à PTC en présence d'eau.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé par
    l'inclusion dans la couche à PTC (2) d'un composé de métal organique choisi parmi le groupe composé du dilaurate de dibutylétain.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, et dans lequel la couche à PTC (2) et la couche isolante (3) sont extrudées en un processus,
    caractérisé par
    le traitement ou la réticulation de la couche isolante 3 par diffusion de l'agent catalyseur, du dilaurate de dibutylétain, à partir de la couche à PTC.
EP19980400785 1997-05-20 1998-04-02 Câble chauffant et procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0880302B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK98400785T DK0880302T3 (da) 1997-05-20 1998-04-02 Varmekabel og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af samme

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO972275 1997-05-20
NO972275A NO304920B1 (no) 1997-05-20 1997-05-20 Elektrisk varmekabel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0880302A2 EP0880302A2 (fr) 1998-11-25
EP0880302A3 EP0880302A3 (fr) 1999-05-26
EP0880302B1 true EP0880302B1 (fr) 2005-03-09

Family

ID=19900722

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980400785 Expired - Lifetime EP0880302B1 (fr) 1997-05-20 1998-04-02 Câble chauffant et procédé de fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0880302B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69829244T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0880302T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO304920B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL187743B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10863588B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2020-12-08 Nvent Services Gmbh Heater cable having a tapered profile

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7645963B2 (en) 2002-11-22 2010-01-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Sol-gel based heating element
DE102005059366A1 (de) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Gitschner, Hans Walter, Dr.-Ing. Verfahren und Anordnungen zur Fertigung von silanvernetzten Polyethylenadern für Energiekabel
FR2901449B1 (fr) * 2006-05-16 2008-07-04 Nexans Sa Cable chauffant auto-regulant
FR2902273B1 (fr) * 2006-06-07 2008-08-29 Nexans Sa Cable electrique chauffant a faible courant de demarrage
FR2919106B1 (fr) * 2007-07-16 2009-10-09 Acome Soc Coop Production Materiau a comportement ctp pour application moyenne et haute temperature,stuctures autoregulantes le comprenant et leur procede de fabrication.
DE102011002067A1 (de) 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Domoteck Ltd. Selbstregulierende Heizleitung
CN103050171A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-17 山东昆嵛电缆有限公司 具有过热保护的三芯电缆
WO2016057953A1 (fr) 2014-10-09 2016-04-14 Pentair Thermal Management Llc Câble de dispositif de chauffage de régulation de niveau de tension
US10470251B2 (en) 2016-04-29 2019-11-05 Nvent Services Gmbh Voltage-leveling monolithic self-regulating heater cable
CN110462754B (zh) 2017-02-01 2022-06-14 恩文特服务有限责任公司 低烟无卤自动调节发热电缆

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4534889A (en) * 1976-10-15 1985-08-13 Raychem Corporation PTC Compositions and devices comprising them
GB1595198A (en) * 1976-10-15 1981-08-12 Raychem Corp Ptc compositions and devices comprising them
US5236765A (en) * 1984-04-06 1993-08-17 Nv Raychem Sa Heat-recoverable article
US4929817A (en) * 1987-07-29 1990-05-29 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Electrofusion joint
EP0312204A3 (fr) * 1987-10-09 1991-07-17 Raychem Limited Dispositif de chauffage d'un conduit en polymère conducteur
US5045673A (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-09-03 General Signal Corporation PTC devices and their composition

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10863588B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2020-12-08 Nvent Services Gmbh Heater cable having a tapered profile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0880302A3 (fr) 1999-05-26
PL326380A1 (en) 1998-11-23
NO972275L (no) 1998-11-23
DE69829244D1 (de) 2005-04-14
NO972275D0 (no) 1997-05-20
EP0880302A2 (fr) 1998-11-25
PL187743B1 (pl) 2004-09-30
DE69829244T2 (de) 2006-02-09
NO304920B1 (no) 1999-03-01
DK0880302T3 (da) 2005-06-27

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