EP0878242A2 - Device for vaporising and/or nebulising a liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

The fluid (17) is located in a vessel and vaporised by a heatable heating element so that the ensuing dry hot steam flows out under increased pressure from a housing through holes. The hot steam is condensed through cooling in the surrounding air into the smallest drops to produce the mist. The heating element can be heated by pyrotechnical heating mixture, electricity, heat pump. The heating element forms part of a heating system and thermal energy can be introduced into the heating element through a liquid heat carrier such as a melted or vaporised substance. The heating mixture can be electrically activated by passing current through a graphite or carbon core or thin metal wire.

Description

The invention relates to a device for vaporizing and / or atomizing of liquid.

Devices used so far (fog machines and evaporators) are limited with regard to the amount of liquid evaporated per unit of time. They evaporate in the generally only a few grams per second and are very voluminous and heavy. You must be constantly connected to the mains or to another network. Because in the case of the fogger, the evaporator is constantly working high temperature must be kept, the known devices are not self-sufficient or only to be operated by hand. If the heating fails, then there is For example, no more nebulization, so you need a network connection and consume power in the kW range. In addition, there are Devices cannot be remote controlled.

Even the self-sufficient described in German patent application 196 24 582 Liquid atomizer, which could also be made smaller, has become popular many test series proved unsuitable for evaporating liquid, he can only achieve a very fine atomization at pressures up to 1600bar. At this atomizer has been shown to press through the cone nozzles Liquid only heats up by a few degrees Celsius, even when pressed through Holes with a diameter of only 0.5mm and a channel length of 20mm and more and at pressures of 1600bar. For vaporizing or heating the However, liquid would need a temperature of at least 200 ... 300 ° C. The Liquid behaves even with such small hole diameters and extreme pressures are not as compressible as far as it was originally had been suspected. The fine spray thus obtained is indeed during the Ejection process and shortly afterwards like a fog, the hold time of the spray is however only in the seconds range, i.e. the mechanically achievable droplet size is still too big. However, such a small droplet size is desired let them float in the air - which minutes as fog - until appears stable for half an hour!

The invention is therefore based on the object of an evaporator at the beginning to create the type mentioned, in a self-sufficient and remotely controllable mode of operation is able to vaporize or atomize a large amount of liquid and enables a smaller design.

This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the Subclaims.

The energy released is in a density that no electrical Radiators can only be produced approximately: For example, the Termite mixture as a heating mixture to white hot iron as Heat source in the radiator housing (12) in front of the fog cartridge, i.e. at one Temperature where every other radiator has long since ceased to function would have. This can significantly increase both the heating output and the outer dimensions can be significantly reduced.

The main advantage of the invention is the self-sufficient operation of the Device that allows independent of external energy supply or to be ready for work at all times. The fog cartridge is included maintenance-free and can be used for up to 20 years from the date of manufacture. If the heating mixture is selected appropriately, the cartridge is not subject to this Explosives Act, it can even be stored at temperatures up to 300 ° C be without sacrificing reliability. The one to be evaporated Liquid through itself after lighting the pyrotechnic Heating mixture quickly heats up the metal core with or without cooling fins and evaporated. This steam is generated either in the evaporator coil or in Enclose a vapor pressure that is the vapor at high speed either from the evaporator coil or from the openings in the housing cover to the Outside air drives. There it is cooled and condenses after a short time finest droplets, which in their multiplicity result in the very stable fog.

Another advantage of the invention is the fact that in the case of Housing solution no regulation or other assemblies for generating fog must be used, so an extremely simple and small cartridge is possible. Even in the case of the version with an evaporator coil, the Control of the liquid pump simply by using a temperature sensor commercially available electronic circuit or a simple bimetal switch possible.

One of the main advantages of the invention over all so far existing devices (evaporators or nebulizers) is the fact that there is no fire load in the waiting position, i.e. it doesn't need as with everyone Fog machines manufactured today a metal core used as an energy store Be kept at around 300 ° C day and night in order to Triggering the fog e.g. to be able to generate in the event of a break-in. Furthermore the invention described here requires no energy in the waiting position, so that they can easily be sent to all existing alarm systems after the VdS test connected and their status can be reported back. None of the Existing devices generally receive this VdS approval because one There is a fire load in the room or building in which the nebuliser is installed and because they are not remotely the 60h power reserve requirement can comply with the alarm systems tested today by VdS.

With the right choice of the pyrotechnic heating mixture one is defeated moreover not even the explosives law: a termite mixture as Heating mixture and a purely electrical ignition of this mixture in the form an ultra-high temperature carbon or graphite electrode (heating up to Incandescent, then via evaporation to the generation of plasma) for the Handling, transport and storage by and by everyone. Only for A special pyrotechnic heating mixture and / or will be used for special purposes ignition by a special kind of pill or kind of mixture use, which are then subject to the Explosives Act again would.

In the device according to the invention, the liquid (17), the Radiator (12), the heating mixture (8) and cover (19), (2) or (28) in one cylindrical or rectangular housing (16) can be accommodated and instead the purely electrical ignition is ignited by a pyrotechnic Ignition transmission line (23) with or without fitting (32) with or without there built-in ignition transformer charge (trade names e.g. TLX, NONEL) available. The outlet holes (20) or the steam channel (26) can be blocked on the liquid side by a thin barrier film (21) and the Exit holes (20) to steam channels (26) from the heating mixture (8) heated lid (19), in which the possibly still wet steam heated further and thus dried.

The electrode (4) in the cover (2) or (19) can be recessed in a cavity (31) be accommodated to make room for more heating mixture (8), the radiator of the fog cartridge has to be divided in two and consists of the actual pyrotechnically heated radiator (1) and a heat sink (44), the transfers the thermal energy to the outside fog fluid. Besides, can the heater (1) or (48) according to the invention be structured on the inside Heat transfer from the pyrotechnic heating mixture to the radiator (1) or (48) to improve significantly (larger surface), the fog cartridge also a nozzle system or nozzle part (54) at the steam inlet of the Evaporator coil (14) in the housing (16) or integrated here in the heat sink (44) have, which limits the mass flow of the fog fluid so much that the Wet steam by further heating completely in dry, high-tension steam can be implemented.

In the internal structure, groove-shaped / screw-shaped can be in the metal core (1) Cross sections must be screwed in when sliding over with the O-rings (48) and (45) sealed heat sink (44) form a tube-like system and continue to heat the wet steam as it flows through. Depending on the mass flow one or more grooves can be screwed in parallel, the grooves on one or both ends open into a steam collecting duct and thus be evenly supplied with wet steam or the hot steam evenly can deliver. Not only can a groove of the collecting cross-section (50) according to collective cross-section (52), but it can also be drawn in parallel several grooves of a common collecting cross-section (50) or (52) be supplied.

In the heat sink (44), a steam outlet system consisting of the bore (41), the pipe receptacle (42) and an outlet pipe (47). The Steam outlet system itself can be installed several times in the heat sink, so in the case of larger cartridges, to be able to quickly dissipate the steam generated. The groove system can be installed several times or in parallel in the heat sink to be available for larger cartridges due to the heating mixture to be able to quickly dissipate or implement the thermal energy provided. Not just one Outlet pipe (47) can be inserted in the heat sink and the hot steam from the Drain cross-section (53), but parallel several, each one for itself are supplied via a bore (41). The evaporator coil (14) can in the Radiators are poured in or poured on (Figure 6) and then as Immerse the whole into the housing (16) according to FIG. 1. Evaporator coil (14) can also be simply rolled up or pushed onto the radiator (1) are (Figure 5) and then as a whole in the housing (16) of Figure 1 immerse yourself.

The pyrotechnic heating mixture (8) including ignition does not have to go directly into the Radiator (1) or (48) are pressed, but can first in one simple metal tube (61) are pressed, which is then quasi as a cartridge the radiator (1) or (48) to be inserted.

Can on the outlet pipe (47) or on the end of the evaporator coil (14) in addition, a nozzle system (57) can be placed on the high-tensioned Superheated steam accelerates, cools down and makes it residue-free. This can in the course of the evaporator spiral (14) the tube of the evaporator spiral or be squeezed several times and thus achieve the same nozzle effect as it through the inlet nozzle (54) or the nozzle system (57). The Outlet pipe (47) can be one or more at the beginning, in the middle or at the end be squeezed several times and thus achieve the same nozzle effect as it through the nozzle system (57). Steam outlet pipe of the evaporator coil (14) can be inside or outside, either completely or only partially thermally be insulated so that the steam does not cool down too quickly or too strongly.

The grooves (51) integrated in the radiator can be a semicircular one triangular, a trapezoidal or a rectangular cross-section have, the heat sink (44) on the outside with transverse grooves (59) and / or with Longitudinal grooves (60) be provided to heat transfer to the surrounding Amplify fluid while maintaining the movement of the fluid as it evaporates not significantly hinder in the housing (16, Figure 1). In the pot (16) can a displacement ring (58) made of metal, plastic or ceramic is used to reduce the amount of fluid in the pot to the amount of To be able to vote the heating mixture that the heat sink or the radiator outside is completely wetted with the fog fluid as possible. All above The modules or components mentioned can be made of a metallic or ceramic material or made of a plastic.

The self-sufficient, in particular pyrotechnic heating mixture (8) does not need to the heat sink and the evaporation of the fog fluid the pressure for the Produce fog fluid in the bore (32), but only for the Heating the fluid entering the bore (33) or Fluid / vapor mixture to be responsible if the fluid or Fluid / vapor mixture via an external pump and not shown here an extra supply pipe or a supply hose into the bore (32) or (33) is promoted (decoupling of evaporation and further heating).

The heating mixture (8) itself can be carried out in the manner of a cartridge and in the heating block of a conventionally heated with electric radiators Fog machine inserted to give it self-sufficiency. Likewise can same as the heated radiator (1) in the large radiator of a conventional with fog heaters heated by electric radiators to give him self-sufficiency.

The heating mixture (8) can also be made of a magnesium wire core an alloy that releases energy when current is passed through it and therefore need less ignition energy in the form of electrical energy in the Heating mix (8) additives that can be pressed better, which give it better ignition behavior even at the lowest temperatures or simply lower the energy required to light it.

The heater (1) or (12) of the fog cartridge can advantageously and according to the invention also be divided into two and from the actual, pyrotechnic heated radiator (1) or (48) and an insulating ring (68), which Thermal energy essentially holds inside, only partially against the outside Fog fluid transmits, causing a very rapid evaporation of the fog fluid and a very effective reheating of the wet steam is ensured. Of the Radiator (1) or (48) can advantageously be structured on the inside Heat transfer from the pyrotechnic heating mixture to the radiator (1) or (48) to improve significantly (larger surface), for example by Internal ribs, internal grooves or one or more internal spirals and at the entrance of the evaporator system have a nozzle system or nozzle part, for example consisting of the membrane (56), the bores (74) and (75) and the Collective groove (49), which can be integrated in the insulating ring (68) and the Mass flow of the fog fluid so limited that the wet steam through further heating is completely converted into dry, high-tension steam.

The radiator (48) can also be structured on the outside, for example can Spiral / screw-shaped or rib-shaped cross sections introduced be the one that is sealed with the O-rings (58) when sliding over it Isolierring (68) form a tube-like or chamber-like system and the Continue to heat wet steam as it flows through; depending on the mass flow can In the case of spiral cross sections one or more spirals in parallel be introduced. In addition, both the insulating ring (68) inside, and the radiator (48) can be structured on the outside, for example spiral / helical or rib-like cross sections are introduced. The insulating ring (68) can also be structured on the outside, for example Spiral / screw-shaped or rib-shaped cross sections introduced have that together with the pot (16) form a tube-like system and the Let thermal energy flow quickly into the external fluid. Here can not one or more sections (73) of the radiator (1) or (48) be surrounded by the insulating ring (68) and / or be structured on the outside so that the Heat transfer from the radiator (1) or (48) into the fluid (17) clearly so is improved (larger surface) that the fluid faster than before heated up and thus the time between triggering and the exit of the first Steam is significantly reduced to the outside, for example by ribs, Grooves or one or more spirals. The spirals can be on one or Both ends open into a steam collecting duct and thus evenly Wet steam are supplied or the hot steam is emitted evenly. Here can only follow a spiral of collective cross-section (50) or (49) Collective cross-section (66) or (53) drawn, but several spirals in parallel be supplied by a common collecting cross-section (50) or (49). In the insulating ring (68) can be a steam outlet system consisting of the bore (41), the pipe receptacle (42) and an outlet pipe (47), or consisting of the collecting groove (53), the bores (41) and (94), the collecting groove (78), a steam outlet bore (20), possibly supplemented by an outlet pipe (47). The steam outlet system can be used one or more times in the insulating ring (68) be attached, so that the steam generated quickly with larger cartridges to be able to derive. Likewise, a steam inlet system, consisting of the collective groove system (49), a possibly introduced Collective groove (50) according to Figure 16 can be integrated or consisting of Membrane or cover (56), bore (74), nozzle bore (55), bore (75) and collecting groove (49) according to Figure 14a, one or more Components can also be omitted. The steam inlet system in the insulating ring (68) can also from membrane or cover (56), nozzle bore (55), receptacle (32), Bore (33) and collecting groove (49) according to Figure 10 exist, one or several components can also be omitted. The steam intake system can be attached single or multiple or parallel in the insulating ring (68) be the required mass flow of fog fluid for larger cartridges to be able to introduce quickly enough, the steam inlet system (Fig. 28) and / or the steam outlet system (Fig. 29) can be single or multiple or parallel, in whole or only parts of it in the radiator (48) itself can be integrated with it can be single or multiple or parallel, in whole or only parts of it Cover (19) itself with be integrated. In addition, not only an outlet pipe (47), but several in parallel, each with its own superheated steam drain outwards. The steam outlet pipe can again be inside or outside, either completely or only partially thermally insulated.

The heater (48) itself can be made of metal, advantageously copper or Aluminum, a ceramic or a high temperature plastic consist of a piece made of one or more parts and then these parts be connected to each other with a joining process, advantageously by Screwing, friction welding, brazing or shrinking. Also a tapered one Execution of radiator and heat sink leads advantageously and according to the invention for an intimate and good heat transfer.

The steam outlet system according to FIG. 15a can also be fitted that the steam generated can be led out of the side of the pot (16), for example consisting of the details of bore (96), steam outlet pipe (97) and a sealing system (98) and (65) shown here only sketchily or any other steam outlet system described here, it can be above or be introduced at another point in the insulating ring (68) and in each case from all of them recorded details or only consists of individual details (not as your own Figure executed). The steam outlet system can be anywhere in the radiator (48) or also be introduced into its section (73) and each of them recorded details consist or only of individual details. It can corresponding to Figure 15b so that the steam generated from below the pot (16) can be led out, for example consisting of the Details holes (75) and (96), steam outlet pipe (99) and one here only sealing system (98) and (65) or any other here shown in sketch form described steam outlet system. It can be on top or somewhere else in the Insulation ring (68) can be introduced somewhere in the radiator (48) or in its section (73).

The heating element (48) can be centered by a centering and spacing component (71) and the distance (81) are secured so that the cartridge itself is the strongest tolerates mechanical vibrations and shocks, he or the insulating ring (68) can Sealing system (58) obtained, here in Figures 14a and 16 for the sake of simplicity drawn as an O-ring system that defines the space between the radiator and Insulating ring seals to the outside or to the interior of the pot. The sealing system (58) can be installed below and above in the radiator, such as shown in Figures 14a and 16, or only below, or only above. It can below and be installed at the top in the insulating ring (68), or only at the bottom, or only at the top (not executed as a separate figure), it can be at the top and bottom of the radiator and Insulating ring (68) can be installed and thus cooperate advantageously (not as own figure executed).

Between cover (19) and radiator (48) and / or insulating ring (68) one can Sealing film (95) can be introduced, which the components to the outside, inside or seal against each other, but instead of the sealing film (95) can also Sealant adhesive, for example silicone or another sealant used will.

One or more safety valves can be introduced into the pot (16), for example screwed in or advantageously integrated and thereby advantageous for example from the components membrane (63), bore (64) and Cover (62) exist, as shown in Figures 14a and 16. Of the Pot (16) previously shown as a component can also be made from a thin one Material (85), preferably of sheet metal made of advantageous steel, copper or Aluminum, which is then formed into the groove (90) or (88) by segment-wise extrusion of the material (detail (91) in FIG. 17), as shown in Figure 17 and shown in detail in Figure 18 or is crimped or curled, as shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 as detail (84) or (89) is sketched, is connected to the cover (19) and thus to the Screws (83) and (101) can be omitted. This thin tin pot (85) can be surrounded on the outside by a second pot (87) according to FIGS. 17, 20 and 21 be overmolded or inlaid in it before injection molding or pouring, which is preferably made of an insulating material such as plastic, ceramic or a Fibrous material is there to handle the cartridge by hand after the function cannot put too much heat on the parts surrounding the pot, or of a metal to avoid the bursting of the Effectively prevent tin pot (85). The outer pot (87) can be drilled or have recesses (92) so that, for example, the extrusion die Can edit inner pot (16). In addition, the thin tin pot (85) can be on the outside surrounded by a tube (86) according to FIG. 19, molded or in this before Injection molding or pouring, preferably made of an insulating material such as plastic, ceramic or a fibrous material, to the cartridge the function of being able to handle by hand or parts surrounding the pot not too hot or from a metal to put it in Extreme situations can open the tin pot (85) effectively prevent. The thin tin pot (85) can also be used on the inside of a second pot (87) surrounded by Figure 22, 24 and 25, overmoulded or in this before Spraying or pouring, which is preferably made of an insulating material such as Plastic, ceramic or a fibrous material is made to the cartridge after the Function to be able to handle by hand or parts around the pot too much heat, or made of a metal to put it in Extreme situations can open the tin pot (85) effectively prevent it can be reinforced on the inside by a pipe (103) according to FIG. 23, the preferably made of an insulating material such as plastic, ceramic or a Fibrous material is there to handle the cartridge by hand after the function cannot put too much heat on the parts surrounding the pot, or of a metal to avoid the bursting of the Effectively prevent tin pot (85).

Furthermore, the steam outlet system according to Figure 26 can be attached in this way be that the steam generated are led out of the bottom of the pot (16) can, for example consisting of the details bore (96), Steam outlet pipe (97) and one shown here only sketchily Sealing system (98) or (105) or any other described here Steam outlet system in connection with a heat sink (44), as shown in FIG. 8 and 10 has been sketched, it can be attached in accordance with FIG. that the steam generated can be led out of the side of the pot (16), for example consisting of the details of bore (96), steam outlet pipe (97) and a sealing system (98) or (105) shown here only sketchily or any other steam outlet system described herein in connection with a heat sink (44), as was sketched in Figures 8 and 10.

The pyrotechnic heating mixture (8) cannot with or without ignition be pressed directly into the radiator (1) or (48), but first in a simple metal tube (61) according to FIG. 13 can be pressed in, which is then quasi as a cartridge is first inserted into the radiator (1) or (48). On the Outlet pipe (47) or on the end of the evaporator coil (14) can Nozzle system (57) are placed, the high-tension steam accelerates, cools and further leaves residue-free, as shown in FIG. 12 is shown.

The heating mixture can also be used in addition to the above Connection (6) and an electrode (3) made of a metal, a semiconductor or a bad conductor, such as graphite or carbon advantageous ignite, or via a conventional igniter or igniter (not drawn), these electrically, purely pyrotechnically, mechanically Friction wire or blow can be initiated. Even a conventional one Shock wave transmission line (trade name TLX, Shock Tube, AZÜL, Ignition transmission line, etc., not shown) with attached The amplifier can be fired.

Instead of the fog fluid, any other fluid can be used to to vaporize it so self-sufficiently and then use this steam as you like, for example, an ejection device or just a heat exchanger supply what the fog cartridge for universal use Evaporation cartridge will.

All of the above-mentioned or listed modules or components can be made from a metallic or ceramic material or a plastic be produced or from a combination of a metallic or ceramic material or from a plastic, for example with each other be coated or painted.

The heater (48) can not only, as shown in Figure 14a, horizontally in an upper part and the rib-like part (73) are divided, but also as shown in Figure 14c, vertically into a central part and the rib-like part (106), which makes it very flexible to the respective circumstances the manufacture of the radiator (48) or (1) can be discussed.

The complete fog cartridge can also be used according to all previously mentioned Claims with the self-sufficient heated radiator in a conventional stationary fog machine with external energy supply, especially with electric radiators heated heat storage, can be integrated to him to give self-sufficiency, or even anywhere in the space to be protected is set up, but otherwise only from this fog machine with external Energy supply is controlled to give it self-sufficiency Fog cartridge can also control itself in this environment or even that which is traditionally dependent on external energy supply Fog device with controls!

Several pyrotechnically heated radiators can be placed in the fog cartridge be installed to either trigger the cartridge several times in succession or just to be able to create more fog without several single ones Having to use the housing, the housing or here collective housing simply adapt better to the respective installation conditions, or just to to be able to save further development expenses.

So that the occurring energy densities, especially in the larger ones radiators used with more powerful cartridges can be controlled again are and these larger radiators at the required effective thin Can no longer blow or break through wall thicknesses immediately according to the invention and advantageous the applications already cited above described heating mixtures, in particular thermites, either distributed locally, in particular be divided into several heating mixtures, these then in particular, be fired with a time delay or in particular about alternative ignition methods differently, i.e. burn more slowly, or in particular the maximum temperature occurring in the radiator to a manageable order of magnitude is brought about by consciously for the first time physical effects melting and evaporation of solid materials used and optimized for the area of fog cartridge.

The heating mixture can be in several holes in a radiator (48) be housed, these holes individually or all in parallel or in series or in parallel and in series with one another via ignition channels (185) or (186), one or all of the holes can be tapered at the bottom taper or have radii or be executed flat. The Heating mixture or the heating mixtures can with an insulating layer (110) covered, it can also not be distributed in individual holes, like it shown in Figure 30 or claim 2, but in one or more annular receiving pockets in the radiator (48) that are more or less deep or are wide (not shown). The holes or pockets can not only have smooth walls, but more or less strong be structured to both make the heat transfer more effective or in particular, the material of the structure is also a sacrificial material to limit the maximum combustion chamber temperature can.

As before, the radiator can only have a central bore, which can be structured axially, as in FIG. 31, and / or radially, as shown in FIG. 36, however, other internal structures such as those shown in FIGS. 31 and 36 are also possible are drawn as examples. The holes and pockets can be the same size or be of different sizes and depths to match the heating characteristics to be able to control the victim discs from a material with medium or high heat of fusion or / and in particular heat of vaporization in one or several holes with a heating mixture are drilled through the Melting or evaporating energy during the burnup of the Store the heating mixture (s) temporarily and then release them again. These sacrificial disks can be perforated and or have a surface structure have, in particular above and / or below are conical or wedge-shaped, with or without flat partial surfaces (122). They can be divided or only fractions be brought in. Instead of disk-shaped sacrificial disks, only Partial body, in particular a granulate from the sacrificial material with the Heating mixture must be filled in or pressed in instead of the sacrificial disks sacrificial rings can be introduced, in particular as shown in FIG. 33c Sacrificial discs themselves have a hole or holes for electrodes.

In addition, the heating mixture can burn up due to different ignition points are controlled, an entire electrode becomes more or less one short electrode piece with power supplies, which in special cases too can be omitted (especially when attaching the short electrode in the Radiator housing) and either below, in the middle of the heating mixture or are used more above. Multiple electrodes or ignition points can parallel or serial or parallel and serial in the heating mixture / den Heating mixtures must be introduced.

The inside of the radiator itself can be structured so that the heat flow Requirements from heating in particular the fog fluid and / or the Load on the radiator can be adjusted by the heating mixture itself, in particular from a groove-like structure in the upper part of the Radiator consists of an unstructured thicker part of the hole for the absorption of the heating mixture in the lower part of the radiator. Of the The radiator can be designed with a heat sink or any shape Insulating ring (44) may be provided in order to control the heat flow and the Relieve radiators. Only part of the radiator can do this Wear rings and / or heat sink and insulating rings are applied at the same time, to further increase the effectiveness of heat flow control.

The heating mixture can be in a heating jacket around a central or Evaporator core can be placed in holes or pockets in the radiator in addition to the heating jacket (151) there is also a central hole with heating mixture be housed. The heating mixture, especially thermite, can only be applied from above through the hot gas and through hot particles from an alternative ignition the direct electrical heating of a conductor track (163) from a material high calorific value and high combustion temperature up to it Ignition temperature is ignited, this material consisting of a metal, in particular made of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, zinc or a mixture or alloy of these metals, or from a conventional conductive or ignition mixture made conductive. This conductor track can be used with a Distance to the surface of the heating mixture (8) are attached by a Pressure mechanism, in particular by a spring system always or at least pressed onto the surface of the heating mixture (8) at the time of ignition in order to allow the resulting metal plasma to act directly, it can with an initially arbitrary shape on a carrier plate, but also without it be applied or introduced, in particular is just simple, several Paths run parallel or are meandering. This ladder ban can suitable electrical contact, it is either applied, spread on, pressed on by a chemical, chemical-optical process applied, it arises by making an entire layer of this ignitable Material simply scratched once or several times, milled or by laser is removed that glow bridges and thus one or more Ignition points arise, particularly in the manner of one or more times broken ring (not shown). The powdery ignitable material through the passage of an electrical current through a conductor track from a of these materials is ignited. The powdery material can through direct current passage can be ignited, making the electrodes simple are rod-shaped, have surfaces made of conductive material on the powder side or are provided on the powder side with indenters to get into the powder body penetrate and always make good electrical contact with it can be ignited by a filament or filament.

The heating mixture, in particular thermite, can also only from above through the Hot gas and hot particles from an alternative ignition through the Reaction of an ignition charge that is sensitive to shock or friction and by knocking or hitting a pin on the carrier plate or the Conductor carrier itself is not ignited electrically, which is the heating mixture receiving bore can be structured, this structure in at least two sections disintegrate, the actual section with a suitable one Structure (134) and in the lower section (135) without an internal structure with thicker and unimpaired wall thickness, here the loads for absorb the radiator (48) by the melt collecting there can, on the other hand, here about the heat transfer behavior, i.e. the inner Adapt the surface of the radiator to the requirements with regard to heat transfer to be able to. The ignitable material of the conductor track cannot be considered more or less wide conductor track can be applied, but in a pot (166) than Powder, powder compact or as bulk powder can be accommodated from where the hot gas is then directed to the surface through holes in the pot. Of the Pot can be rod-shaped and more or less deep in the Plug in the heating mixture, which causes the hot gas generated during ignition is injected directly into the heating mixture. The heating mixture can be gelatinous or liquid additives that provide the internal energy reduce the amount of fuel and / or energy when the heating mixture burns cache, especially in the form of the water content of the heating mixture.

The holes for the hot gas (171) can be arranged so that the Ignition and thus the burning of the heating mixture again desired can be controlled.

The radiator can have one or more bores, which itself in particular are wholly or partially filled with fog fluid, they are in it or several victim discs or victim rings used, different thickness have different distances from each other and from the bottom of the heating cartridge stand and consist of different materials, especially metals can. The radiator can have one or more holes that are empty or are only filled with air or another gas and function as a Take over the pressure compensation chamber to reduce pressure peaks in the pot and / or the contact of the fog fluid with the radiator. Already through the Installation of the radiator can be one or more compensation volumes (190) be created that are empty or filled only with air or another gas are and take over the function of a pressure compensation chamber to Reduce pressure peaks in the pot and / or the contact of the fog fluid with the radiator. The radiator can have one or more holes have, which are completely or partially filled in particular with fog fluid and only via overflow openings, in particular of the kind (187) with the rest Fog fluid are connected to treat the fluid inside and outside differently can.

In addition, several independently heated radiators can be placed in the fog cartridge be installed to either trigger the cartridge several times in succession or just to be able to create more fog without several single ones Having to use the housing, the housing or here collective housing simply adapt better to the respective installation conditions, or just to to be able to save further development expenses

For all of the above-mentioned characteristics, the emerging fog can be indicated by a Electrode system can be influenced electrostatically so that it is faster and more evenly distributed in the room (the droplets of fog are always electrically charged, the spread of fog usually takes place mainly through electrostatic effects - keyword charged space cloud - instead of what else can be reinforced!). This arrangement can also with conventional Plants used with great success is well above that here presented application applicable.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Nebelkartusche zum Verdampfen von Flüssigkeit und damit zu deren Vernebelung in Schnittdarstellung.

Figur 2 zeigt eine andere Ausbildung des Deckels des Heizkörpers der Nebelkartusche: Durch eine Kanalführung im durch die Heizmischung mit aufgeheizten Deckel wird der eventuell noch relativ nasse Dampf aus dem Gehäuse weiter erhitzt und damit getrocknet, so daß nach außen auch nicht kleinste Tröpfchen mitgerissen werden und damit umstehende Geräte benetzen können!

Figur 3 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau des pyrotechnischen Heizkörpers der Nebelkartusche mit Kühlrippen, Figur 7 eine andere Ausführung des Heizkörperbodens zur besseren Kühlung des Bodenbereichs, Figur 4 die Anzündung der Heizmischung durch ein elektrisches Anzündstück, eine pyrotechnische Anzündübertragungsleitung (NONEL, TLX, Shock Tube) oder durch einen schlagkräftigen Anzünder, Figur 5 den Heizkörper mit Verdampferspirale statt mit Kühlrippen und Figur 6 ebenfalls den Heizkörper, wobei die Verdampferspirale erst in einem gewissen Abstand zum Kern angebracht ist bzw. ganz in Aluminium eingegossen ist, um die Energiekapazität des Aluminiumkerns besser ausnützen zu können (langsamere Temperaturanstiege und Temperaturabfalle, damit bessere Regelbarkeit der Verdampfungstemperatur über die Betriebszeit).

Further features and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated below in the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a mist cartridge for evaporating liquid and thus for atomizing it in a sectional view.

Figure 2 shows a different design of the cover of the radiator of the fog cartridge: through a channel in the heated by the heating mixture with the cover, the possibly still relatively wet steam from the housing is further heated and thus dried, so that not even the smallest droplets are entrained and so that surrounding devices can be wetted!

Figure 3 shows the basic structure of the pyrotechnic radiator of the fog cartridge with cooling fins, Figure 7 shows another version of the radiator floor for better cooling of the floor area, Figure 4 the ignition of the heating mixture by an electrical igniter, a pyrotechnic ignition transmission line (NONEL, TLX, shock tube) or by a powerful lighter, Figure 5 shows the radiator with an evaporator coil instead of cooling fins and Figure 6 also the radiator, the evaporator coil is only installed at a certain distance from the core or is completely cast in aluminum in order to better utilize the energy capacity of the aluminum core (slower temperature increases and temperature drops, thus better controllability of the evaporation temperature over the operating time).

The remaining figure descriptions are self-explanatory.

Figure 1:

In a cylindrical or rectangular housing (16) over the cover 3 (19) the radiator housing of the fog cartridge filled with the termite mixture (8) (12) used vapor-tight. Vapor tightness is ensured by the O-rings (9) and (18) reached, but sealing adhesive would also be possible here. The housing (16) is filled with the liquid to be evaporated (17) and the outlet openings (20) for later steam with a thin plastic or aluminum foil (21) damn.

Flows in via connection (6), electrode 2 (3) and connection (7) Current of approx. 15A, the electrode (3) is quickly heated to white heat or converted into the plasma state and ignites the otherwise extremely bad ignite termite mixture (8). The energy released heats it up Radiator housing (12) of the cartridge and this in turn over it Cooling fins (25) the liquid. This is then evaporated at If a limit steam pressure is exceeded, the dam (21) is blocked out and the steam can escape to the area around the cartridge (16) where it is on can condense the always present condensation cores!

Figure 2:

Another version of the cover 3 (19) is shown. The steam is here not simply released into the environment through outlet holes (20), but still in steam channels in the plate heated by the heating mixture (8) (19) guided and thus heated further, so that the steam is hotter and therefore becomes drier, possibly the smallest droplets still entrained with the steam are also evaporated here. This ensures that the the immediate vicinity of the cartridge is not dirty by the finest droplets!

In practice, the electrode 1 (4) in this heating plate is in a hollow (31) sunk so that space for the heating mixture (8) is gained.

Figure 3:

The basic structure of the housing 1 of the heating cartridge is shown here Fog cartridge. In the bottom of a cylindrical or rectangular Housing (1) is an electrode 2 (3) made of graphite, carbon or a thin Wire made of metal or another bad conductor inserted (Receiving hole (30)) and a heating mixture (8), e.g. a termite mixture, filled or pressed. The electrode (3) over the electrode (4) and Connections (6), (29) and (7) contacted. The housing (1) has cooling fins (25) to the generated in the body after lighting the heating mixture extreme heat flow quickly and with a large effective surface to the to be able to dispense surrounding liquid.

The cover 1 (2) is against the gas generated when the heating mixture burns sealed to the outside by an O-ring (9), the cover itself with individual ones Screws as shown, screwed to the housing or simply into it Screwed in the housing itself (in this case the inner bore of the Housing 1 (1) also has a thread, so that the lid is then as a whole a screw can be screwed in.

Figure 4:

Figure 4 shows the structure of the heating cartridge as described in Figure 3 with the Exception that now no electrodes for the ignition of the heating mixture (8) are used, but either with a special igniter (10) its electrical connections (11) or a pyrotechnic Transmission line (23) via an ignition mixture (22) then required here or a shock-sensitive primer (24) with or without Kindling mixture (22).

Figure 5:

The design of the housing 3 (13) of the heating cartridge is drawn, now is no longer cooled by cooling fins or the heat flow via cooling fins takes place, but the liquid to be evaporated as in the previous manufactured nebulizers is pumped through an evaporator coil (14), where they is evaporated and at the same time cools the housing (13). In contrast to the commercial nebulizers, however, do not use an aluminum block with a large mass used because no heat storage is needed here. With this one presented pyrotechnic radiator, on the other hand, is used for Evaporation of the liquid generates the necessary energy directly and must therefore with the smallest possible wall thickness of the housing (13) in the evaporator coil (14) be directed!

Figure 6:

The design of the housing 3 (13) of the heating cartridge is drawn, now is no longer cooled by cooling fins or the heat flow via cooling fins takes place, but the liquid to be evaporated as in the previous manufactured nebulizers is pumped through an evaporator coil (14), where they is evaporated and at the same time cools the housing (13). In contrast to Fig. 5 the spiral does not lie directly on the housing (13) here, but in one Distance of about 1cm, it is cast in aluminum (15) on the one hand ensure the heat transfer from the housing, and on the other hand the To use energy storage effect of aluminum so far that the Regulating the pump for the liquid becomes a little easier - unlike that at the pyrotechnic radiator or the heating mixture (8) so much more and faster the thermal energy than before used electric radiators that regulating the mass flow of the evaporating liquid must be done very quickly!

Figure 7:

The cylindrical or rectangular housing 2 (12) is drawn, which is different as housing 1 (1) or housing 3 (13) also cooling fins (27) on the bottom to the whole with an upright fog cartridge here particularly large amount of heat (liquid iron falls from the termite mixture from, which is further heated; a swamp is thus formed on the ground discharge liquid iron with extremely good heat transfer into the housing!) to be able to see that the aluminum melting at approx. 660 ° C is approx. 1900 ° C can hold hot, directly lying liquid iron undamaged for a long time!

Without these cooling fins (27), the housing is melted and the Fog cartridge bursts with great destructive effect.

Figure 8 to 10:

Another embodiment of the radiator (1) is shown in FIG Fog cartridge, which like the radiator of Figure 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 in the Immersed in the fog fluid-filled pot / housing (16). But it is different from there divided in two into the actual heating element (1) and a cooling element (44). Or in other words, the solution presented approaches the metal core / Radiator cast-in evaporator tube according to Figure 6 to the other enables the replacement of the evaporator tube by the in the metal core / Radiator turned grooves better adjustment of the steam cross sections when enlarging or reducing the assembly (in practice not everyone is Pipe cross section that would be needed while the cross section of the groove can be rotated or adjusted almost arbitrarily in the metal core / radiator.

The following processes take place in order, in chronological order:

After lighting, the pyrotechnic heating mixture (8) sets in the metal core or radiator (1 or here 48) and heats it up. This gives his Thermal energy via the webs (45) of the groove part on the slid over it Heatsink (44). This now also heats up and what is attached to it Fog fluid (17, Figure 1), which it finally evaporates.

The still wet steam penetrates into the bore (32, Figure 10), flows through the Hole (33) and collects in the upper collecting cross-section (49). Flows from there the steam in the underlying cross-section (50) of the radiator (48) and then through the groove or the grooves (51, Figure 9) where it is heated further and in the lower collecting groove (52) of the Radiator (48) is collected. It then flows into the one above Collective groove (53) of the heat sink (44), through the bore (41) in the Pipe receptacles (42), where it is then in the outlet pipe (47) through the cover (19, Figure 1) is directed to the outside and during contact or Whirling with the cool outside air turns into fog.

Only in that the evaporation space, i.e. the grooves (51) no longer are surrounded by the relatively cold fog liquid and the temperature at the location of the grooves due to the temperature difference between the Radiator interior and the respective temperature of the outside of the heat sink adjusts the fog fluid, the evaporation temperature is now the first time well above the boiling point of the fog fluid, reaching about 300 ° C, which is necessary for the later effective fog effect.

At the same time, the relatively massive heat sink acts as a heat sink and as Heat storage to slow down the whole process a bit.

The outlet pipe (47) can be insulated on the outside or inside in order to Reduce heat loss because the surrounding liquid is only one Temperature of approx. 150 ° C, but the steam in the pipe is more than 300 ° C.

To adapt the heating mixture (8) Thermal energy is either only a groove (51) from the upper collecting cross section (50) to the lower collecting cross section (52) of the radiator (48) in this screwed in, or 2, 3 or even more grooves to achieve both the necessary To provide flow cross-section for the steam, as well as around the Radiators themselves do not weaken too mechanically and that Heat transfer from the radiator to the still wet steam in the grooves to be able to optimize.

Depending on the total introduced into the radiator (48) Flow cross section of the grooves (51) and the provided Cross section of the outlet pipe (47) are several outlet pipes (47) in Heatsink used. Here, each outlet pipe is replaced by its own Bore (41) supplied by the common collecting cross section (53).

The interior of the metal core / radiator (1 or 48) can be the same as the outside attached heat sink (44) or like the cooling fins shown earlier (25, Figure 3) be ribbed to heat transfer the hot pyrotechnic Mix to improve the inner wall significantly and thus the heating and evaporation of the fog fluid in the pot and its subsequent further Accelerate heating.

The heating element (48) is in the cooling element (44) by means of O-rings (58) sealed to the in the groove (51) during the heating of the wet steam Vapor pressure in the grooves increases sharply compared to the pot interior to be able to keep the wet steam or later the dry hot steam in the Forcing grooves or collecting cross sections and no blowing off of the To allow high-tension steam into the interior of the pot: that would be one Shunt, the effect of the entire evaporation system strong would lower!

Figure 11:

A screw (54) is drawn, which is inserted into the bore (32) to limit the mass flow of the still wet steam into the grooves (51) and thus the steam quality of the steam flowing out of the outlet pipe (47) to optimize.

For this purpose, a nozzle bore (55) is made, as well as a membrane (56) Shutting off the outside fog fluid in the non-ignited state the heating mixture, i.e. during the entire storage period. Without a membrane would for example, if there are vibrations, fog fluid repeatedly through the bore (33) flow into the groove (51), fill the groove with it. When lighting the The heating mixture would then partially flow in the amount of fluid that had previously flowed in here are suddenly evaporated and largely unevaporated from the Outlet pipe (47) are thrown out. But that must be prevented because so that the fog generated would no longer be residue-free and the surroundings of the Fog cartridge would get dirty! It could also cause fluid loss can no longer be prevented over the years of storage of the cartridge.

Figure 12:

A Laval nozzle (57) is shown here, attached to the end of the outlet pipe (47) to accelerate the high-voltage dry superheated steam and cool down at the same time. So the steam closes the burglar front faster, the fog becomes more residue-free, the temperature of the emerging Superheated steam can be reduced further.

The Laval nozzle (57) shown here is only representative of the others nozzle shapes known from rocket technology or fluid mechanics.

Figure 13:

A simple metal or ceramic tube (61) is drawn into which the Heating mixture (8) is pressed in and the whole becomes a cartridge that after the first ignition of the heating mixture from the radiator (1) or (48) can be pulled out and replaced again.

Figure 14a and b:

Another embodiment of the radiator (1) is shown in FIG Fog cartridge, which like the radiator of Figure 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 in the Immersed in the fog fluid-filled pot / housing (16). But it is different from there divided in two into the actual radiator (1) or (48) and an insulating ring (68) made of steel or another metal, plastic or ceramic. Or differently said, the presented solution approaches the one in the metal core / Radiator cast-in evaporator tube according to Figure 6 to the other enables the replacement of the evaporator tube by the in the metal core / Radiator turned grooves better adjustment of the steam cross sections when enlarging or reducing the assembly (in practice not everyone is Pipe cross section that was needed was available during the cross section of the groove can be rotated or adjusted almost arbitrarily in the metal core / radiator).

In contrast to Figure 8, the insulating ring (68) covers here differently than that Heatsink (44) not the entire radiator (48), but only the part to for fan-like mushrooming (73) of the radiator (48). A cross section through this part of the radiator is shown in Figure 14b. It is here again quasi around cooling fins (82) with cavities (93) around the thermal energy transferred as quickly as possible from the radiator (48) into the fog fluid (17) can (the heating mixture provides one even with small fog cartridges Power of approx. 150 kW, which is only possible in the largest possible surface Fluid can be transferred).

The cavity (93) is triangular, trapezoidal or as shown also rectangular, depending on which manufacturing process is possible or is used.

In addition to the disadvantage of more expensive production compared to the simple principle According to Figure 1, however, one obtains a significant advantage over the Structure in Figure 8 that the fluid is now directly from the heating cartridge (48) or the lower part (73) is heated directly, the time delay between the Ignition of the heating mixture until the fluid evaporates considerably sinks! - A basic requirement if you want lightning breaks through security fog fight!

The advantage of internal evaporation relative to the radiator seen with it achievable significantly higher evaporation temperatures by arrangement according to Figure 8, however, still remains.

In addition, a safety valve consisting of the Diaphragm (63), the bore (64) and the cover (62), the optional can be introduced to the at too high pressure increases in the pot (16) To be able to release pressure outside and thus relieve the pressure on the pot Prevent disassembly of the pot.

The following processes take place in order, in chronological order:

After ignition, the pyrotechnic heating mixture (8) (is in Figure 14a not hatched for better clarity, it fills the drawn one innermost cavity of the radiator (48) more or less completely) in Metal core or radiator (1 or here 48) and heats it up. This gives its thermal energy via the webs (82) of the rib part (73) of the radiator both to the applied fog fluid (17) and to the one pushed over it Insulator (44), which is actually an undesirable side effect here. The fluid is then heated and finally evaporates.

The still wet steam penetrates the cover or acts as a membrane Foil (56) into the bore (74) flows through the hole or Nozzle bore (55) and accumulates in the cross bore (75) and the lower one Collection channel (49) in the insulating ring (68). From there, the steam flows into the underlying cross-section (50) of the radiator (48) and then through the groove or the possibly multi-turn grooves (51 or 12) where it is further heated and in the upper collecting groove (52) of the radiator (48) is collected. It then flows into the overlying groove (53) of the Isolierrings (68), through the holes (41) and (94), where it then in Collection cross section (78) is collected and through the bore (20) through the Cover (19) is guided to the outside and during contact or Whirling with the cool outside air turns into fog. Into the thread (79) If necessary, a straight or curved steam pipe (47) be screwed in to direct the steam or just to be able to guide it.

Placed on the steam pipe (47) or simply into the thread (79) directly A nozzle (57, FIG. 12) can be screwed in here around the highly heated one Relax the steam even further and lower the temperature even further can. A simple cone nozzle can be used here or also a Laval nozzle, as drawn in Figure 12 (question of price).

The insulating body is against the cover (19) by the O-rings (76) and (77) sealed, but any other sealing system is also possible, for example, a groove where the O-ring is located and a sealing washer (95), or just using a high temperature sealant that would then be used instead of the sealing washer (95).

The pot (16) can also have an inner insulation or an outer insulation own, which is not shown here. It can be tube-like inserted or plugged in, if the pot (16) is made of metal, this can also be injected.

The collecting cross-section (78) can be used both in the cover and in the insulating ring (68) depending on the manufacturing process. The insulating ring (68) is either made of steel (compared to a radiator made of copper or aluminum here the much poorer heat-conductive steel quasi as an insulating ring), one other metal, from a plastic or a ceramic, depending on the desired Steam temperature!

The radiator (48) either consists of one piece, or it becomes Rib part (73) extra screwed, riveted, soldered, friction welded, discharge welded, just shrunk on or with another Joining process firmly or loosely connected. It's made of copper, Aluminum, another metal or ceramic, coated or uncoated for better corrosion resistance or for a better one Heat transfer.

The spacer bolt (71) centers the radiator (48), securing the correct one Distance (81) and consists of metal, plastic or ceramic.

Figure 15a and b:

The insulating ring (68) can be used as shown or also Inflow openings (32), (55) and (49) have at the top, as already shown in FIG. 10 was shown, then with or without an inserted nozzle screw according to FIG. 11. The outflow openings are then at the bottom, either as in FIG. 10 drawn an outlet pipe (47) towards the lid (19) attached or from the side the pot (16) by means of the steam pipe (97), as shown in Figure 15a is drawn (the superheated steam flows out through the bore (96) here and is the pot (16) by means of the sealing system (98, = O-ring, adhesive or Crimp screw, not specially designed here (sealed). The Steam outlet pipe (96) can also directly through the pot down be performed, as shown in Figure 15b. The rib part (73) has here cleverly a hole, even if the tube next to the rib part the inner wall of the chamber could be led down.

The steam outlet on the side of the pot is required, for example, to To reduce module height, the outlet down, for example in a Blow off the false ceiling of the built-in ceiling of the ceiling to let.

Only in that the evaporation space, i.e. the ribs / grooves (25) or the Spiral (51) are no longer surrounded by the relatively cold fog liquid and the temperature at the location of the grooves / ribs / spiral changes due to the Temperature gradient between the interior of the radiator and the respective Temperature of the fog fluid applied to the outside of the heat sink is the Evaporation temperature now clearly above the boiling point of the Fog fluid and thus reaches the approx. 300 ° C, which is effective for the later Fog effect is necessary.

At the same time, the relatively solid insulating body acts as a heat sink and as Heat storage to slow down the whole process a bit.

The outlet pipe (97) or (99) can be insulated on the outside or inside in order to Reduce heat loss because the surrounding liquid is only one Temperature of approx. 150 ° C, but the steam in the pipe is more than 300 ° C.

To adapt the heating mixture (8) Thermal energy is either just a spiral (51) from the bottom Collective cross section (50) to the upper collective cross section (53) of the radiator (48) screwed into this, or even 2, 3 or more spirals to both to provide the necessary flow cross-section for the steam, also in order not to weaken the radiator itself too mechanically and the heat transfer from the radiator into the still wet steam in the grooves to be able to optimize.

Depending on the total introduced into the radiator (48) Flow cross section of the grooves (51) and the provided Cross section of the outlet pipe (47) are several outlet pipes in the Insulating body or cover used. Here, every outlet pipe through its own hole (41) from the common collecting cross-section (53) provided.

The inner surface of the insulating ring (68) can be either smooth or drawn as shown grooves, grooves or spirals can also be introduced into this surface.

The gap (69) can be small or larger, depending on the one desired Steam temperature and the required steam mass flow.

The interior of the metal core / radiator (1 or 48) can be the same as the outside attached heat sink (44) or like the cooling fins shown earlier (25, Figure 3) be ribbed to heat transfer the hot pyrotechnic Mix to improve the inner wall significantly and thus the heating and evaporation of the fog fluid in the pot and its subsequent further Accelerate heating.

The heating element (48) is in the cooling element (44) by means of O-rings (58) sealed to the in the spiral during the heating of the wet steam (51) Vapor pressure in the spirals increases sharply compared to the interior of the pot to be able to keep the wet steam or later the dry hot steam in the Forcing spirals or collecting cross sections and no blowing off of the To allow high-tension steam into the interior of the pot: that would be one Shunt, the effect of the entire evaporation system strong would lower!

The screw connections (83) are used to attach the radiator to Cover (19), the threaded holes (70) are only as an installation option for intended for the user of the fog kite.

If the pot (16) is made of sheet steel, for example, and this is then like in the figures (19) to (24) shown in the lid, rolled or rolled pressed in sections, the screw connections (83) and (101) omitted.

Figure 16:

An evaporator system according to FIG. 14 is shown, only that some components were deliberately left out.

So there is no fluid / vapor inlet system from the components (56), (74), (55) and (75) more and less an intake system, as shown in Figure 10 with the Details (54), (55), (56), (32) and (33) are shown:

If the fluid is heated by the hot rib part (73) and builds up Steam pressure in the pot (16), then the fluid (17) is simply through Empty spaces (93) are pressed into the collecting grooves (49) and / or (50) and thus into the Spiral system (51) or rib system (25) indented where the fluid continues is heated and again via the bore (20) or the one used there Steam pipe (47) is directed to the outside.

In the output part, a different arrangement is drawn here than in FIG. 14: the heated steam collects here in the collecting groove (82), which is either only in the radiator, only in the insulating ring (68) or half in both and then through the bore (20) with or without an additional collecting groove in the cover (78) led outside. The exit area is again made conventional by a Sealing system, consisting for example of the O-rings (102) or (76) sealed. As in FIG. 14, it can simply be glued here again, one Sealing disc (95) inserted or another sealing system used will.

So this is a quasi-spotted evaporator system in Compared to Figure 14, which is much cheaper to manufacture.

Instead of the outlet system shown here, the outlet system of Figure 14 are used, the same applies to the intake system. In principle, that intake systems and exhaust systems can be combined with one another as desired can, depending on the special customer requirements.

Figures 17 and 18:

Another structure of the pot (16) is shown. While the pot so far a highly heat-resistant plastic was made using screws (101) has been screwed onto the lid, the vapor and fluid tight part is shown here formed from a tin pot which, as indicated in FIG. 18, into a groove (90) in the The cover is pressed in sections, the material (91) into the groove is extruded. The lid and pot are fluid and via the sealing system (102) Vapor-tight, the sheet is externally insulated (87) from plastic, wood, Ceramic or other insulating material is thermally insulated. The insulation is preserved Holes (92) if the outer insulation is pulled up to the top To allow extrusion.

The sheet is made of metal, primarily steel, aluminum, copper, Brass or another metal are possible, even the use of new ones High temperature resistant plastics are possible here.

The electrode connection (6) is inserted into the bore (93).

With this method, the screws (101) and (83) no longer need can be used, at the same time the cartridge can no longer be easily so unauthorized be opened.

Figure 19:

Arrangement according to Figure 17, only that the sheet is simply crimped here or is rolled up and the outer insulation simply to the pushed pipe section (86) will.

However, tubular outer insulation and extruded sheet metal are here can also be combined with each other.

Figure 20:

Arrangement according to Figure 17, only that the sheet is simply crimped here or is rolled up and the outer insulation is not up to the top edge of the lid is pulled up.

In the same way, a sheet metal part extruded into the groove (90) could enter here.

Figure 21:

Arrangement according to Figure 17, except that the sheet here simply in a groove on the The upper edge of the cover (19) is crimped or rolled up. All Insulation types as described in FIGS. 18 to 20 can also be used here.

Figure 22 to 25:

The illustrations correspond to Figures 17, 19, 20 and 21, only that instead of The outer insulation of the sheet (85) drawn there now has a corresponding one Insulation occurs. The inner insulation is made of plastic, ceramic or simple a sprayed or otherwise applied plastic, ceramic or Oxide layer.

In principle, outer insulation and inner insulation can be combined are.

Figure 26:

An evaporator system with a heat sink (44) according to FIG. 10 is drawn, only that the steam outlet pipe (47) does not go up towards the cover, but is led down through the bottom of the pot (16).

This arrangement is necessary if the fog cartridges, for example is installed in a false ceiling and the steam is then directly down is blown out.

Figure 27:

An evaporator system with a heat sink (44) according to FIG. 10 is drawn, only that the steam outlet pipe (47) does not go up towards the cover, but is guided laterally through the bottom of the pot (16).

This arrangement is necessary if the fog cartridges, for example be installed in a false ceiling and the steam then directly down is blown out.

Figure 28 and 29:

The inlet or outlet system integrated in the radiator is drawn, one time only as a simple (nozzle) hole (Fig. 28a), in the other case with screwed nozzle system (Fig. 28b). In Fig. 29a the superheated steam is after directed below, in Fig. 29b is the situation with side discharge of the superheated steam drawn.

The outlet situations shown in Figure 29 are in principle also for the other radiator shapes according to Figures 8 and 10 applicable.

Figure 30:

Nebelkartusche" und die nachfolgenden Ausführungen.Here, the radiator (12) of the first patent application is virtually replaced with (111)

Nebelkartusche "and the following explanations.

It no longer has a central opening for receiving the Heating mixture, but it is divided into several receiving bores (112), each of which has its own ignition, especially according to the type of Center electrode (3), or only via the ignition channels (185) in parallel or are connected to each other in series via (186) and during the Burning off the heating mixture then the next heating mixture in the next Ignite the hole.

With the distribution of the mixture, on the one hand, there is a reduction in the local Energy densities reached, which would otherwise lead to the destruction of the radiator (the amount of heating mixture cannot simply be reduced, because it is the source of energy and has to be present in the crowd in order to vapor can be completely evaporated) with the ignition channels moreover a chronological sequence of the burns of the heating mixture in the individual holes can be reached - this allows the outside temperature of the Radiators are kept constant over a long period of time Limitation of local energy densities.

This effect can be optimized by unevenly sized bores (112) and / or a simultaneous structuring, as in the case of the central hole (113) is indicated in Figure 31b or in Figure 32. For example can be achieved that the energy flow from the large central bore that Radiator surrounding fog fluid and the whole system is first heated and is evaporated - and then the successively burning heating mixtures in the smaller holes keep this process constant.

The described division into separate mounting holes for the Heating mix can be done by pouring, machining, chill casting etc. can be achieved in one, there would be an integrated radiator, or it becomes one or more in a radiator with a simple central bore Inserts introduced in such a way that this division is achieved.

This insert can in turn be inserted or pressed in as a component be undivided or horizontally and / or vertically divided to manufacture or to simplify integration once or in this way the Easy to display ignition channels.

The ignition channels are round, angular or slit-shaped, they are in the middle, more arranged below or above or mixed, depending on how the burn-up time to be controlled.

Overfire channels acting in parallel and in series can be shown in FIG. 30b can be combined with each other to create the required or desired To allow energy flow.

In addition, the holes can be drilled towards the cover with a Thermal insulation (110) can be fitted to the heat flow in this direction to limit and primarily the energy in the outside of the mantle and below initiate the applied fog fluid.

Figure 31:

Figure 31 shows a variant of the division of the holes for receiving the Heating mixture from Figure 30: Only a central one is drawn here again Bore, which is extremely structured as shown as item (113) Burning is distributed locally in the radiator again.

By cleverly optimizing this structure, it is also possible here at the same time the effects of melting and evaporation of the later ones Integrate sacrificial disks (115 ff) and thus temperature peaks that affect the Radiators would be damaged inadmissibly by temporarily storing them Energy in the form of heat of fusion and evaporation of the Avoid radiator material.

Figure 32:

Only the relationships from FIGS. 30 and 32 are shown here, if both is combined with each other. Here, too, the holes can be different Diameter, size, depth, but also have other internal structure.

Figure 33 and 34:

While in Figure 30 to 32 the power throttling by a local Distribution of the heating mixture in the radiator has been achieved here Pure culture the throttling through intermediate heat storage in the form of Heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of the sacrificial disks (115), (117), (118) m (121), (136) or (137) reached:

If these discs are burned over the heating mixture (8) the respective melting or evaporation temperature is heated in the material an enormous amount of energy is temporarily stored the internal temperature of the radiator is no longer essential increase, the flow of energy to the outside and the load on the radiator itself is throttled as desired. If the heating mixture is used up, that gives highly heated material of the victim discs then this previously stored energy at a lower level, so that at the same time the operating time can be extended if desired.

With this trick, with the same energy content of the radiator and with the heating mixture burning at the same speed, the heat output to the outside can be set by stretching over time and, moreover, the thermal load on the radiator itself can be drastically reduced without increasing energy or heating capacity to lose".

The surface of the heating mixture is marked with (109) Sacrificial disks are at a distance (107) from one another, the lowest one Distance (132) from the bottom of the radiator (48).

The bottom of the radiator can be round, flat or wedge-shaped, for quick heating of the victim discs, these can be drilled with holes (116) be provided, which can also be introduced in a slot-like manner.

(118) is the opening for the possibly present central electrode, (119) denotes the upper wedge angle and (120) the lower wedge angle of the sacrificial discs, (122) the possibly existing flat part of the sacrificial discs. This bowl-shaped shape of the sacrificial disks results in a further increase in the surface area of the sacrificial disks, a control of the melting or evaporation process and one Taming "or guiding the occurring melt.

Annular sacrificial disks are shown in FIG. 33 as items (136) and (137).

Figure 35:

Here is another possibility shown, the burn in the Control or optimize the heating mixture. While so far with the local distribution of the heating mixture over the radiator or through the deliberate use of melting and evaporation of sacrificial material happened, this is due to the suitably selected and controlled ignition point reached in the heating mixture.

In Figure 35a they are already in my first application Fog cartridge "existing conditions drawn, a center electrode (3) is heated by passage of current, burned, plasma is generated, which in turn ignites, for example, the heating and / or thermitting mixture (8). However, this mixture is ignited almost simultaneously from bottom to top, the heating mixture burns off suddenly, the heat flow along the radiator (48) is of the same size.

The situation is different if only above (Figure 35b), below (Figure 35d), center (Figure 35c) or, generally speaking, only on a small specific one Spot is ignited. Here, only the component (123) or (127) or (130) is the Plasma-emitting and thus igniting electrode, while the parts (125), (123) and (129) only assume the function of the power supply and not themselves need to warm up significantly.

(124) and (128) denote the electrode holders, (126) the Contact sockets for either the electrode (3) or the current leads (125) or (129).

An ignition above will burn down much faster but also cause a slightly smaller load on the radiator (48), a Ignite below a slower burn upwards (the hot one Melt or combustion products of the heating mixture collect below and do not preheat the heating mixture that has not yet ignited), increase but at the same time the energy flow, especially below, because from the beginning the Melt is present on the inside of the radiator and is reheated (which is usually the case but is even desirable!).

Figure 36:

This is already drawn from the late entries in the fog cartridge known internal structure (134) of the hole for the heating mixture (8), only that this is now optimized with regard to structure in order to achieve the desired one Melting and evaporation processes (the radiator material plays here even with the role of the victim disk or is also the sacrificial material. At the same time, this structure breaks down into at least two sections, the actual section with a suitable structure (134) and in the lower section (135) without an internal structure with thicker and unimpaired wall thickness, around here once the loads on the radiator (48) by the accumulating there To be able to absorb the melt, on the other hand to do this Heat transfer behavior, i.e. the inner surface of the radiator with regard to To be able to adapt heat transfer to requirements.

Figure 37:

The arrangement of FIG. 33 is shown here, but here with additional attached cooling or insulating body (44), selected according to requirements, in order to transfer heat to the outside of the radiator Suitable to control fog fluid.

Figure 38:

Figure 38 shows for the first time an arrangement in which there is no central heating mixture more is introduced, but only the (evaporator) core (150) there for the targeted Heating the fluid or wet steam (Figure 38a) in the grooves (51) and Cross sections (52) - these grooves replace those previously registered Evaporator coil -. A construction is also possible where only the fog fluid inside together with the empty volume sits (Figure 38b) and outside the heating mixture in several bores (112) or or an annular hollow cross section Place the holes in the (evaporator) core (150) (not shown) is.

This means that there is again a local distribution of the heating mixture into several Bores (112) before, with the corresponding connection of the holes with each other and with ignition of not all mixtures into one at the same time at the same time temporal distribution of energy or power reduction or Reduction in the load on the heating jacket (151) leads.

Otherwise, here are those from the earlier or basic registration known details entered, as before, not all must be present at the same time! Concerning. Designation see the enclosed List of reference symbols, part 1 and 2.

The internal injection system can be introduced below, as shown in the figure 38b is drawn, or in the middle or at the top, storing the compensation volumes Pressure energy between and can be larger or smaller like drawn in (= optimization question).

The same applies to the injection system (148) in FIG. 38b, it can tap or introduce the fluid from below as shown, radially from the outside (not shown) or from the compensation volume. The same embodiments apply to the injection system as in the late registrations for the basic registration Fog cartridge "were shown.

The overflow openings (187) can also be laterally through (73) and (159) be introduced - here too it is an optimization question or a question the simple manufacture.

Figure 39:

In Figure 39 the relationships of Figure 38 are repeated, except that here next to the outer heating jacket (151) also a central one Heating mixture is introduced

Figure 40:

Figure 40 shows an alternative ignition of the heating mixture or the thermite:

A web of an electrically conductive material (163) is placed on a Carrier plate (160) applied (flattening, pressing, milling, etc.) and connected to the electrical connections (161) via the connection pins (162). During the current flow, the conductor glows, especially when When using magnesium, its ignition temperature is exceeded and it reacts with the residual oxygen in the air, it becomes a very hot plasma generated.

This now ignites the surface of the thermite, which is now from top to bottom burns. This is slower than with electrode ignition Burning guaranteed, the load on the wall of the radiator (48) decreases as requested.

In FIG. 40a, the carrier plate sits at a distance above the surface of the Heating material (8), in Figure 40b the carrier plate with conductor track (163) pressed onto this surface by the springs (181) and more intimately Contact established.

Figure 41:

Embodiments of the conductor track (163) are drawn here, one in FIG. 41a meandering path (180) - here the execution of the loops is arbitrary, angular as drawn, round, not twisted, as drawn or in itself twisted etc.-, in Figure 41b a simple straight path (136), Figure 41c and e show several straight simple conductor tracks (137).

While in Figure 41d bracket-like angles (138) and (139) for the electrical connection of the conductor track (137), is a simple in Figure 41f, Electronics board-like structure shown: The upper layers (157) contact the conductor track (137), the lower layers (159) then carry the Connections (not shown), the connection of the two layers is made over a via (158) is produced.

The contact itself is only shown here as an example, all the usual, Methods already known in general electrical engineering are possible here.

Figure 42:

In Figure 42, the material to be evaporated or ignited, in particular Magnesium, aluminum, zirconium or zinc not in the form of a conductor track (163) applied, but introduced as a powder or powder compact (183), in the version with helical or tufted conductor track only as Bulk powder (176).

The leading and energy-supplying powder can also be used with conventional Ignition mixtures must be mixed and is either vaporized or energy-supplying conductor track (170) similar to the explanations of FIG. 41 ignited (Figure 42a), or by direct current passage through the Connection pins (172) through the powder (183), or through direct current passage over the one sitting on a carrier plate or slightly protruding Surfaces / connecting pins (174, drawn), or with the connecting pins (177) indenters (178) attached at the end.

In any case, after igniting the powder (183) or (176) Damage (173) is broken open and the hot gas flows through the openings (171) on the surface of the heating mixture (8).

The material of the powder housing (166) is of minor importance The meaning, the number and the diameter of the holes (171) result from the Optimization of the processes, the type of arrangement and the geometric shape these holes usually from the chosen manufacturing process (variations not drawn).

Another embodiment is shown in Figure 40b, here it is Powder casing more rod-shaped and dips more or less deeply into the Heating mixture, then the heating mixture via the holes (171) to be able to ignite in a defined manner. The ignition is simply controlled here through the appropriate arrangement of the holes (171).

In summary, the following can be stated: The invention relates to a self-sufficient device for evaporating or atomizing liquids. Of the Radiator is operated by a mixture of energy-giving substances, especially of pyrotechnic mixtures, which are usually used in the Use of termite mixtures and purely electrical ignition via an ultra-high temperature carbon or graphite core heated by current passage Explosives Act is not subject to and is therefore handled and stored by everyone and may be used. Only in exceptional cases is a pyrotechnic Mixture and a corresponding ignition via an igniter or squib used, which then subject the device again to the Explosives Act would.

Depending on the design of the radiator, no control is required (the The radiator is in the pot filled with the liquid to be evaporated) or a pump controlled by a temperature control, which pumps the liquid pumps through an evaporator coil around the radiator, so as with the conventional devices for a constant and correct mass flow the liquid to be evaporated and thus produces first-class mist. This evaporator coil can either be in the form of a wound or pipe system applied differently or directly in the radiator be integrated, in particular in the form of these or in the heat sink or in both grooves, in which the fog fluid is now evaporated directly.

It is the first time to be completely independent of external energy Fog cartridge possible, the fog at the push of a button or by remote control the loading area of trucks, in armored vehicles, in parked vehicles, in ATMs and ATM vestibules to help thieves to thwart their plans.

The cartridge described will become the basic requirements of the VdS for the first time to be approved as an equivalent component for alarm systems (no fire load, 60h power reserve), the condition of the cartridge can therefore Already existing alarm systems are reported back.

In addition, the individual components of the nebulizer, the radiator and the Evaporators, also used elsewhere to create fog, because it has been specially optimized for this purpose. So a conventional one network-based fog system additionally equipped with a self-sufficient radiator with the evaporator principle shown here, the high Control heat flows so well that conventional, network-based Fog systems become scalable for the first time smaller and larger (you are no longer limited to commercially available evaporator tubes), also for the first time modular construction! Due to the optimal heat management, the Efficiency of conventional, network-based, usually with one electric radiators and a pump panel system Devices significantly improved, for the first time far more energy and faster from the Heat storage tapable (by avoiding the bad heat transfer from the Al block to the evaporator tube, which was previously common in steel was made to pour the evaporator coil into the Al block can!).

Unlike simply inserting one or more radiators into one Fog fluid is used in the technical designs of the radiator shown with internal evaporation or with an extra evaporator coil the fog fluid optimally used and the fluid dried so far that a hot dry Steam is created, and with it a mist that is residue-free.

In contrast to the mist generators in the military and devices recently marketed in the European environment (for example Trade name FOG in Italy and France) lies with the registered Fog cartridge a real fog before, i.e. finest droplets of liquid in air and not the finest solid particles in air as with these other products, whereby these are actually smoke generators and therefore only smoke but not really create fog and therefore in principle not be residue-free can!

The design of the cartridge parts in the direction of large series was considered.

It is the first time to be completely independent of external energy Fog cartridge possible, the fog at the push of a button or by remote control the loading area of trucks, in armored vehicles, in parked vehicles and generate in ATM vestibules to help thieves do their job to thwart.

There are designs of the cartridge shown, both the manufacture of the Simplify and cheaper assembly, as well as stabilize the function that the amount of fog emitted or the degree of conversion of the fog fluid increase and increase the range of possible applications.

For example, a nozzle system or nozzle part (54) limits the steam inlet in the housing (16) or here in the heat sink (44) the mass flow of the fog fluid so strong that the wet steam can be completely converted into dry steam. In addition, the nozzle part is now integrated in the heat sink (44), so that one additional receptacle for the nozzle part at the earlier inlet of the Evaporator coil (14) can be omitted.

The evaporator coil (14) is now in the surface of the radiator integrated, so that the spiral (14) as an extra component is omitted, at the same time whole system can be scaled down and enlarged as desired, because the Spiral cross-sections can now be reduced and enlarged as required can, without having to use standard pipe dimensions. From the Evaporator coil (14) is now a system of grooves (51) and Outlet pipes (47).

An outlet-side nozzle system (57) accelerates the steam, so that now the Fog buildup can take place faster than before and therefore faster than before Burglar front is closed. At the same time, the superheated steam or mist drier and cooler, i.e. the risk of burns near the Steam leakage is reduced.

In addition, the fog cartridge now only needs plug-in parts consist. By combining the simple evaporation system with the Radiator / heat sink solution becomes the time lag between lighting and the outlet of the first steam is significantly reduced. So that Fog cartridge can be used better than before to prevent lightning.

By using a tin pot insulated inside or outside (85) instead of the previously used plastic pot (16) are mounting types enables the previously required screw connections (101) and (83) can be dispensed with and thus drastically reduce manufacturing costs.

The evaporator coil (14) is integrated into the surface of the radiator, see above that the spiral (14) as an extra component is omitted, at the same time the whole system can be scaled down and enlarged again because of the spiral cross sections again can be reduced and enlarged as desired without to have to use commercially available pipe dimensions. From the Evaporator coil (14) is now a system of spirals (51) and Outlet pipes (47).

An outlet-side nozzle system (57) accelerates the steam, so that the Fog build-up can be done faster than before and thus faster than so far the burglary front is closed. At the same time, the superheated steam or fog drier and cooler, i.e. the risk of burns near the Steam outlet is reduced, the tendency of the steam to condense Fog further increased.

By allowing steam to escape to the side, the overall height the fog cartridge noticeably reduced, through the steam outlet through the Bottom of the pot (16) created further installation options downwards.

In addition, the measures are presented, which are larger more powerful cartridges are necessary to the then occurring here To be able to control energy densities. Without these special measures, they would be energy densities occurring here can no longer be controlled and thus the conventional cartridges with more heating mixture in them then required wall thicknesses either hardly bring nebulizer performance or with the Burn through or break through effective thin wall thicknesses immediately.

This is achieved by either distributing the heating mixture locally or divided into several heating mixtures, these are then delayed ignited or differently using alternative ignition methods, i.e. slower controlled burn.

The radiator types shown here take this into account, lower them moreover, the maximum temperature occurring in the radiator to a manageable size. For the first time, the physical effects melting and evaporation of solid materials used and optimized for the area of fog Kaitusche.

Radiators for self-sufficient fog devices / list of reference symbols part 1

(1)

Radiator, housing 1

(2)

Cover 1

(3)

Electrode 2

(4)

Electrode 1

(5)

Electrical insulator

(6)

Connection

(7)

Connection

(8th)

Heating mix, termite mix

(9)

O-ring

(10)

Lighter

(11)

Ignition connector

(12)

Husky body (housing), housing 2

(13)

Housing 3

(14)

Evaporator coil

(15)

Heatsink (material), here made of Al, in the the evaporator coil is cast in

(16)

Pot, housing / inner pot (accidentally assigned twice)

(17)

Fog fluid

(18)

O-ring

(19)

Lid 3, plate

(20)

Steam outlet, bore

(21)

Dam, foil

(22)

Kindling mixture

(23)

pyrotechnic transmission line

(24)

impact sensitive primer

(25)

Rip (cool)

(26)

Channel system in the lid

(27)

Cooling fins

(28)

Cover 2

(29)

Connection

(30)

Recording (hole)

(31)

Cool

(32)

Threaded hole

(33)

Hole, hole

(34)

free

(35)

free

(36)

free

(37)

free

(38)

free

(39)

free

(40)

free

(41)

drilling

(42)

Pipe holder

(43)

free

(44)

Heat sink, insulator (depending on the effect)

(45)

Elevation / cooling fin in the radiator

(46)

free

(47)

Outlet pipe, steam pipe

(48)

radiator

(49)

Collective cross section heat sink, Collecting channel

(50)

Collective cross section of radiators

(51)

(Spiral) groove radiator, spiral

(52)

Collective cross section in the radiator

(53)

Collective cross section in the heat sink

(54)

(Nozzle) screw, nozzle system

(55)

Nozzle bore

(56)

membrane

(57)

(Laval) nozzle

(58)

O-ring / displacement ring (Assigned twice by mistake.)

(59)

Longitudinal grooves in the heat sink for mounting the outlet pipes (47)

(60)

Cross grooves in the heat sink

(61)

Metal or ceramic tube

(62)

cover

(63)

membrane

(64)

drilling

(65)

Radiator / sealing system, O-ring (accidentally assigned twice)

(66)

Collective cross section in the insulating ring (68)

(67)

Gap between the radiator and the insulating ring

(68)

Isolation ring, heat sink

(69)

gap

(70)

Tapped hole

(71)

Spacer

(72)

free

(73)

Mushroom expansion, lower part of the radiator, rib part

(74)

drilling

(75)

Cross hole

(76)

O-ring

(77)

O-ring

(78)

Collective cross-section, collecting groove

(79)

thread

(80)

free

(81)

distance

(82)

Cooling fins, webs / collecting groove (accidentally assigned twice)

(83)

Screw connection

(84)

crimped material

(85)

Sheet (pot)

(86)

Pipe piece

(87)

Insulating ring

(88)

Groove (in the lid)

(89)

Flanged material

(90)

Groove (in the lid)

(91)

material

(92)

Bore in the insulating ring (87), cutouts

(93)

Cavity, empty space / hole for electrode (accidentally assigned twice)

(94)

drilling

(95)

Sealing washer

(96)

drilling

(97)

Steam pipe, outlet pipe

(98)

Sealing system

(99)

Outlet pipe, steam outlet pipe

(100)

O-ring, sealing system

(101)

Screw connection

(102)

O-ring, sealing system

(103)

Pipe, reinforcement

(104)

Internal insulation

(105)

O-ring, sealing system

(106)

rib-like outer part of the Radiator in case a divided radiator

Radiators for self-sufficient fog devices / list of reference symbols part 2

(107)

Distance between the victim disks

(108)

Hole in victim's disk

(109)

Surface of the heating mixture

(110)

isolation

(111)

Radiator, solid material, drilled

(112)

Holes in the radiator for mounting the heating mixture

(113)

central hole in the radiator

(114)

Web / internal part of the radiator

(115)

Sacrifice disc 1

(116)

Holes in the victim's disk

(117)

Sacrifice disc 2

(118)

Sacrifice disc 3

(119)

upper wedge angle of the sacrificial disk

(120)

lower wedge angle of the sacrificial disk

(121)

Victim disk 4

(122)

flat part of the sacrificial disk 4

(123)

upper power supply

(124)

Holder for electrode

(125)

lower power supply, long

(126)

Contact socket / contact point for electrode (3) or lower electrode holder (125) or (129)

(127)

Center electrode

(128)

Lower electrode holder socket for Recording the electrode

(129)

lower power supply, short

(130)

Bottom electrode

(131)

isolation

(132)

Distance of the lowest sacrificial disk to Bottom of the radiator inside

(133)

Bottom of the radiator

(134)

Inner structure of the pot-shaped Radiators (48) or (133)

(135)

Area without internal structure

(136)

annular sacrificial disk 5

(137)

annular sacrificial disk 6

(132)

Distance of the lowest sacrificial disk to Bottom of the radiator inside

(133)

pot-shaped radiator (only a large one central hole)

(134)

Internal structuring of the combustion chamber or Location hole for the heating mixture (8)

(135)

Area without internal structuring, so area with greater wall thickness because it is not weakened

(136)

Conductor track

(137)

several conductor tracks side by side (connected in parallel or in series)

(138)

Contact track for conductor track (137)

(139)

Carrier plate or carrier film

(140)

Isolation of the heating mixture

(141)

(Electrodes) connections

(142)

(Middle) electrode

(143)

Heating mix

(144)

upper electrode holder and seal

(145)

central steam outlet

(146)

Collection cross section for steam

(147)

free

(148)

Inlet system for fog fluid

(149)

internal compensation volume

(150)

core

(151)

Heating jacket

(152)

pot

(153)

Central heating mixture insulation

(154)

Passage for electrode connection

(155)

upper electrode holder and seal for the central heating mixture

(156)

central heating mixture

(157)

Contact area for conductor track (137)

(158)

Through-contacting of contact surface (157) on the quilt (159)

(159)

Quilt, electrical connection

(160)

Carrier plate or carrier film

(161)

electrical connections

(162)

Connection pin for conductor track (163)

(163)

Conductor track

(164)

Closure of the radiator

(165)

Hole for electrical connections

(166)

Pot, casing

(167)

Carrier plate or carrier film

(168)

Connection pin for conductor track (170)

(169)

second connection pin for conductor track (170)

(170)

Conductor track

(171)

Holes in the housing (166), hot gas outlet

(172)

Connection pin, protruding into the powder chamber (183)

(173)

Damnation

(174)

Connection pin with electrically conductive surfaces (175) at the powder side end

(175)

electrically conductive surfaces directly in the powder

(176)

Bulk powder

(177)

Connection pin with electrically conductive Indenters (178) directly in the powder (183)

(178)

electrically conductive indenters (178) directly in powder (183)

(179)

Conductor in spiral or tuft shape

(180)

loop / winding conductor track

(181)

feather

(182)

Contact track for conductor track (137)

(183)

Powder or powder compact

(184)

Connector pin

(185)

Ignition channel 1

(186)

Ignition channel 2

(187)

Overflow opening

(188)

inner fog fluid

(189)

Insert / lower shot of the inner Fog fluid chamber

(190)

external compensation volume

(191)

internal injection system

Claims (28)

Device for evaporating and / or atomizing liquid, characterized in that the liquid (17) is located in a receptacle, is evaporated by a heatable heating element, and the resulting dry superheated steam under increased pressure from a housing through holes or from an evaporation system flows out, the superheated steam condenses to the smallest droplets due to the cooling in the surrounding air and thus the mist is generated. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element can be heated by a pyrotechnic heating mixture. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element can be heated by a termite mixture. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element can be heated electrically. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater can be heated by a heat pump. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element is part of a heating system and that thermal energy can be introduced into the heating element by means of a liquid heat carrier, in particular by means of a molten or vaporized substance, and the heating element can be heated in this way. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating mixture can be activated electrically, preferably by the passage of current through a graphite or carbon core or a thin wire made of metal or another bad conductor, this wire / this core except for white heat is heated and can even partially get into the plasma state. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating mixture is ignited purely electrically by the passage of current through a thin wire made of metal or another bad conductor, this wire / core being heated up to the ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic heating mixture used in each case . Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating mixture is ignited by an electrical igniter. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heating mixture is ignited by a shock-sensitive igniter. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element can be activated by a detection device, preferably for detecting illegal access to a monitored room. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the fog liquid is added with markers which adhere to clothing and or the body of a person coming into contact with it, so that when the device is used as a warning or protective device, preferably in a motor vehicle, one in one monitored space illegally intruding person can be identified after activation of the device triggered by the intrusion. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that active substances are added to the liquid which impair or completely switch off the consciousness, the ability to move and / or the senses of perception of a person. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element of the fog cartridge is divided into two and consists of the actual, directly heated heating element (1) and a cooling element (44), which then essentially only transfers the thermal energy to the external fog fluid. the radiator itself can also give off energy directly. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element is structured on the inside in order to significantly improve the heat transfer from the pyrotechnic heating mixture to the heating element due to the larger surface area achieved. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a nozzle system or a nozzle part (54) at the steam inlet of an evaporator coil (14) in the housing (16) or integrated in the heat sink (44) limits the mass flow of the mist fluid to such an extent that the wet steam passes through further heating can be converted completely into dry, high-tension steam Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that groove-shaped or helical grooves are provided in the radiator, which preferably has a metal core (1), which are inserted when the heat sink (44) sealed with the O-rings (48) and (45) is pushed over it Form a tube-like system and continue to heat the wet steam as it flows through. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyrotechnic heating mixture (8), together with the ignition, is not introduced directly into the heating element (1) or (48), but first into a tube (61), which is then quasi as a cartridge is inserted into the radiator (1) or (48). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a nozzle system (57) is placed on the outlet pipe (47) or on the end of the evaporator coil (14), which accelerates, cools and further leaves the residue of the high-pressure superheated steam. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is integrated in a conventional stationary fog device with external energy supply, in particular heat storage heated with electric radiators, in order to give it self-sufficiency. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the device is not integrated in a conventional stationary fogger with external energy supply, heat storage heated by electric radiators, but is set up somewhere in the room to be protected, but is controlled by this fogger with external energy supply to give it self-sufficiency. Apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the fog cartridge controls itself. Apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the fog cartridge controls itself and also the fog device conventionally reliant on external energy supply. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several independently heated radiators are installed in the fog cartridge. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy densities which occur in particular in the case of larger, more powerful cartridges are controllable again in the large radiators and no longer blow or break through immediately with the required effective thin wall thicknesses, by the heating mixtures described, in particular thermites, either spatially distributed, in particular divided into several heating mixtures, these are then ignited in particular with a time delay or, in particular using alternative ignition methods, burn differently, i.e. more slowly, or, in particular, the maximum temperature occurring in the radiator is brought to a manageable order of magnitude, for the first time by consciously knowing the physical ones Effects Melting and evaporation of solid materials are used and optimized for the area of fog cartridges. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sacrificial material, in particular sacrificial disks, made of a material with medium or high heat of fusion and / or high heat of evaporation is introduced into the heating element, in particular into one or more bores together with the heating mixture, in order to be melted or evaporate to temporarily store energy during the burning of the heating mixture (s) and to subsequently release it again. Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that partial bodies, in particular granules of the sacrificial material, are also filled or pressed in with the heating mixture as the sacrificial material. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating mixture is provided with solid, gelatinous or liquid additives which reduce the internal energy of the heating material and / or temporarily store energy when the heating mixture burns, in particular in the form of the water content of the heating mixture.

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