EP0876587A1 - Sensor - Google Patents

Sensor

Info

Publication number
EP0876587A1
EP0876587A1 EP97902192A EP97902192A EP0876587A1 EP 0876587 A1 EP0876587 A1 EP 0876587A1 EP 97902192 A EP97902192 A EP 97902192A EP 97902192 A EP97902192 A EP 97902192A EP 0876587 A1 EP0876587 A1 EP 0876587A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
wheel
shield
sensor according
magnetoresistive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97902192A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manfred Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Original Assignee
ITT Manufacturing Enterprises LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ITT Manufacturing Enterprises LLC filed Critical ITT Manufacturing Enterprises LLC
Publication of EP0876587A1 publication Critical patent/EP0876587A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00—Details of instruments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor, in particular for detecting the rotational movement of a rubber-tired wheel of a vehicle, with an element that responds to physical changes, past which a periodically changing structure is moved, with an electronic evaluation system that detects the reactions of the element to physical ones Implements changes in current or voltage values.
  • Such a sensor is e.g. in EP 419040 AI described.
  • the element that reacts to physical changes is a magnetoresistive element, that is to say an element that changes its electrical resistance due to the action of an external magnetic field.
  • Four such elements are usually combined in a Wheatstone bridge.
  • An electronic evaluation unit picks up the voltages at the center taps of the bridge and converts them into a time-varying current or voltage signal.
  • the magnetoresistive elements which consist of a thin ferromagnetic layer, are usually placed on the end face of a magnet, the electronic evaluation unit being located on a carrier behind the magnet.
  • a toothed magnet wheel is guided past the magnetoresistive element and is connected, for example, to the axle of a vehicle wheel.
  • the iron structure of the magnet wheel causes changes in the magnetic field that can be registered by the sensor.
  • the connected evaluation electronics supplies a current signal that changes over time, which reflects the angular velocity of the rotating magnet wheel.
  • the evaluation electronics, the magnet and the are housed in a housing and form a so-called active speed sensor.
  • Such sensors have proven themselves particularly well in vehicle construction, a particular advantage is that they can detect even low speeds.
  • Such a speed sensor is also known from EP 340418 A2, which is suitable for use in electrically driven trains.
  • electrical and magnetic fields with a high field strength are created, which radiate into the electronics and can possibly lead to faults.
  • the document therefore proposes to embed the sensor in a metallic tube, the magnetoresistive or magnetic field-sensitive element being arranged at an open end of the tube.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a sensor which is insensitive to electrostatic discharges.
  • the shield may be a conductive layer or a metallic foil that extends approximately parallel to the surface of the element facing the periodic structure, but it may also be sufficient for the gap between the element and Structure extends a wire. Both alternatives work like a lightning rod.
  • the shielding proposed in EP 480418 A2 does not absorb the discharge energy in front of the sensor element and therefore does not guarantee reliable protection against damage or destruction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sensor and a magnet wheel.
  • the sensor 1 is arranged at a small distance from the toothed edge of a magnet wheel 2.
  • a magnetic field-sensitive element to which the evaluation electronics 5 are connected, is installed. It can be seen that the magnetic field-sensitive element 4, in particular a magnetoresistive element, faces the toothed edge of the magnet wheel.
  • At least two supply lines 6 and 7 lead to the evaluation electronics 5, one line 7 being connected to the basic potential of the on-board electronics.
  • a shield 8 which is connected to the ground line 7 via a cable 9.
  • the shield 8 can be formed as a thin layer or as a wire, the layer being arranged parallel to the surface of the sensitive element 4 which faces the magnet wheel 2.
  • the unit consisting of shielding 8, element 4, evaluation electronics 5 is cast in plastic for reasons of stability.
  • the pole wheel 2 is connected to an axle on which a rubber-tired vehicle wheel is fastened. Electrical potentials can form on the wheel, which lead to arcing on parts of the body but also on the sensor.
  • the shielding prevents the currents flowing off in the event of arcing from damaging or even destroying the magnetic field-sensitive element 4 or the evaluation electronics 5, since the currents are conducted directly to the ground potential of the vehicle electrical system via the shielding 8, the lines 9, 7.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

So-called active sensors are used to detect the rotational movement of a motor vehicle wheel. One type of active sensor is based on the magnetoresistive effect. Associated with the element (4) which is sensitive to magnetic fields are evaluating electronics (5) which generate current or voltage signals. The rubber tyres on vehicle wheels can become electrostatically charged; if a discharge occurs, the charges can be transmitted to the electronic components and the energy released can be so great that these components are destroyed. According to the invention, therefore, screening (8) is provided, preferably disposed between the toothed magnet wheel (2) and the element (4) which is sensitive to magnetic fields.

Description

Sensorsensor
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Sensor insbesondere zur Erfassung der Drehbewegung eines gummibereiften Rades eines Fahrzeuges mit einem auf physikalische Veränderungen anspre¬ chenden Element, an dem eine sich periodisch ändernde Struktur vorbeibewegt wird, mit einer Auswerteelektronik, die die Re¬ aktionen des Elements auf physikalische Veränderungen in Strom- oder Spannungsgrößen umsetzt.The invention relates to a sensor, in particular for detecting the rotational movement of a rubber-tired wheel of a vehicle, with an element that responds to physical changes, past which a periodically changing structure is moved, with an electronic evaluation system that detects the reactions of the element to physical ones Implements changes in current or voltage values.
Ein derartiger Sensor ist z.B. in der EP 419040 AI beschrie¬ ben. Bei dem Element, daß auf physikalische Veränderungen rea¬ giert, handelt es sich um ein magnetoresistives Element, also einem Element, das seinen elektrischen Widerstand durch die Einwirkung eines äußeren Magnetfeldes verändert. Üblicherweise werden vier derartige Elemente in einer Wheatstone'sehen Brücke zusammengefaßt. Eine elektronische Auswerteeinheit greift die Spannungen an den Mittenabgriffen der Brücke ab und setzt sie in ein zeitlich veränderliches Strom- oder Spannungssignal um.Such a sensor is e.g. in EP 419040 AI described. The element that reacts to physical changes is a magnetoresistive element, that is to say an element that changes its electrical resistance due to the action of an external magnetic field. Four such elements are usually combined in a Wheatstone bridge. An electronic evaluation unit picks up the voltages at the center taps of the bridge and converts them into a time-varying current or voltage signal.
Üblicherweise werden die magnetoresistiven Elemente, die aus einer dünnen ferromagnetischen Schicht bestehen, auf die Stirnseite eines Magneten aufgesetzt, wobei sich die elektro¬ nische Auswerteeinheit auf einem Träger hinter dem Magneten befindet. An dem magnetoresistive Element wird ein gezahntes Polrad vorbeigeführt, daß z.B. mit der Achse eines Fahrzeugra¬ des verbunden ist. Durch die Eisenstruktur des Polrades werden Veränderungen im Magnetfeld verursacht, die von dem Sensor registriert werden können. Die angeschlossene Auswerteelektronik liefert ein sich zeit¬ lich veränderndes Stromsignal, daß die Winkelgeschwindigkeit des sich drehenden Polrades wiedergibt. Die Auswerteelektro¬ nik, der Magnet sowie die sind in einem Gehäuse untergebracht und bilden einen sog. aktiven Drehzahlsensor.The magnetoresistive elements, which consist of a thin ferromagnetic layer, are usually placed on the end face of a magnet, the electronic evaluation unit being located on a carrier behind the magnet. A toothed magnet wheel is guided past the magnetoresistive element and is connected, for example, to the axle of a vehicle wheel. The iron structure of the magnet wheel causes changes in the magnetic field that can be registered by the sensor. The connected evaluation electronics supplies a current signal that changes over time, which reflects the angular velocity of the rotating magnet wheel. The evaluation electronics, the magnet and the are housed in a housing and form a so-called active speed sensor.
Derartige Sensoren haben sich insbesondere im Fahrzeugbau gut bewährt, ein besonderer Vorteil liegt darin, daß sie schon kleine Drehzahlen erfassen können.Such sensors have proven themselves particularly well in vehicle construction, a particular advantage is that they can detect even low speeds.
Als nachteilig hat sich noch herausgestellt, daß Entladungen von elektrostatischen Aufladungen zu einer Zerstörung des Sen¬ sors insbesondere seiner Halbleiterbauelemente führen können. Dies gilt auch dann, wenn statt magneto-resistiver Elemente andere magnetfeldempfindliche Sensoren eingesetzt werden.It has also been found to be disadvantageous that discharges of electrostatic charges can destroy the sensor, in particular its semiconductor components. This also applies if other magnetic field-sensitive sensors are used instead of magnetoresistive elements.
Aus der EP 340418 A2 ist ebenfalls ein derartiger Drehzahlsen¬ sor bekannt, der geeignet ist für den Einsatz in elektrisch angetriebenen Zügen. Insbesondere beim Anfahren des Zuges ent¬ stehen elektrische und magnetische Felder mit hoher Feldstär¬ ke, die in die Elektronik einstrahlen und möglicherweise zu Störungen führen können. In der Schrift wird daher vorgeschla¬ gen, den Sensor in ein metallisches Röhrchen einzubetten, wo¬ bei das magnetoresistive bzw magnetfeldempfindliche Element an einem offenen Ende des Röhrchens angeordnet ist.Such a speed sensor is also known from EP 340418 A2, which is suitable for use in electrically driven trains. In particular when starting the train, electrical and magnetic fields with a high field strength are created, which radiate into the electronics and can possibly lead to faults. The document therefore proposes to embed the sensor in a metallic tube, the magnetoresistive or magnetic field-sensitive element being arranged at an open end of the tube.
Bei Straßenfahrzeugen mit elektrisch isolierten Radachsen kann nun beobachtet werden, daß sich die Gummireifen der Räder und damit die Achsen unter bestimmten Bedingungen stark elektro¬ statisch aufladen. Da die Radachsen mit dem Polrädern elek¬ trisch leitend verbunden sind und die unmittelbar an der Nabe des Rades angeordnete Sensorelektronik über ihre Anschlüsse Verbindung mit der Karosserie hat, könne hohe elektrische Spannungen zwischen Polrad und Sensor auftreten. Bei einem Funkenüberschlag würde die Entladungsenergie über den Luft- spalt zwischen dem Polrad und dem Sensor über die Auswerte¬ elektronik zu den Sensoranschlüssen fließen. Dies würde mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einer Beschädigung der Auswerte¬ elektronik führen.In road vehicles with electrically insulated wheel axles it can now be observed that the rubber tires of the wheels and thus the axles become strongly electrostatically charged under certain conditions. Since the wheel axles are electrically conductively connected to the magnet wheels and the sensor electronics arranged directly on the hub of the wheel have a connection to the body via their connections, high electrical voltages can occur between the magnet wheel and the sensor. In the event of a flashover, the discharge energy would be gap between the magnet wheel and the sensor flow via the evaluation electronics to the sensor connections. This would very likely lead to damage to the evaluation electronics.
Die Erfindung beruht daher auf der Aufgabe, einen Sensor zu konstruieren, der unempfindlich ist gegen elektrostatische Entladungen.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a sensor which is insensitive to electrostatic discharges.
Dazu wird vorgeschlagen, daß zwischen dem auf physikalische Änderungen reagierenden Element und der periodischen Struktur eine Abschirmung vorgesehen ist, die mit dem Masseanschluß der Elektronik verbunden ist. Dadurch werden die elektostatischen Entladungen am Sensorelement und an der Auswerteelektronik vorbeigeleitet.For this purpose, it is proposed that a shield is provided between the element reacting to physical changes and the periodic structure, which is connected to the ground connection of the electronics. As a result, the electrostatic discharges are conducted past the sensor element and the evaluation electronics.
Bei der Abschirmung kann es sich um eine leitende Schicht oder eine metallische Folie handeln, die sich in etwa parallel zur Fläche des Elements, die der periodischen Struktur zugewandt ist, erstreckt.Möglicherweise reicht es aber auch aus, daß sich in dem Spalt zwischen Element und Struktur ein Draht er¬ streckt. Beide Alternativen arbeiten wie ein Blitzableiter. Die in der EP 480418 A2 vorgeschlagene Abschirmung nimmt die Entladeenergie nicht vor dem Sensorelement auf und gewährlei¬ stet daher keinen sicheren Schutz vor Beschädigung oder Zer¬ störung.The shield may be a conductive layer or a metallic foil that extends approximately parallel to the surface of the element facing the periodic structure, but it may also be sufficient for the gap between the element and Structure extends a wire. Both alternatives work like a lightning rod. The shielding proposed in EP 480418 A2 does not absorb the discharge energy in front of the sensor element and therefore does not guarantee reliable protection against damage or destruction.
Wie schon erläutert, kann es sich bei dem empfindlichen Ele¬ ment um magnetoresistive Widerstände handeln, die aus einer dünnen ferromagnetischen Schicht bestehen. Die Abschirmung würde sich dann parallel zu dieser Schicht erstrecken. Die Anordnung eines Drahtes als Abschirmung hätte den Vorteil, daß das Magnetfeld, auf das der Sensor anspricht, möglichst wenig gestört wird. Zur Erläuterung der Erfindung ist in der Fig. 1 eine schemati¬ sche Darstellung eines Sensors und eines Polrades dargestellt.As already explained, the sensitive element can be magnetoresistive resistors which consist of a thin ferromagnetic layer. The shield would then extend parallel to this layer. The arrangement of a wire as a shield would have the advantage that the magnetic field to which the sensor responds is disturbed as little as possible. To explain the invention, FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sensor and a magnet wheel.
Der Sensor 1 ist in einem kleinem Abstand zum gezahnten Rand eines Polrades 2 angeordnet. In dem Gehäuse 3 des Sensors 1 ist ein magnetfeldempfindliches Element, an dem sich unmittel¬ bar die Auswerteelektronik 5 anschließt, eingebaut ist. Man erkennt, daß das magnetfeldsensitive Element 4, insbesondere ein magnetoresistives Element, dem gezahnten Rand des Polrades zugewandt ist.The sensor 1 is arranged at a small distance from the toothed edge of a magnet wheel 2. In the housing 3 of the sensor 1, a magnetic field-sensitive element, to which the evaluation electronics 5 are connected, is installed. It can be seen that the magnetic field-sensitive element 4, in particular a magnetoresistive element, faces the toothed edge of the magnet wheel.
Zur Auswerteelektronik 5 führen mindestens zwei Zuführleitun¬ gen 6 und 7, wobei die eine Leitung 7 mit dem Grundpotential der Bordelektronik verbunden ist. Zwischen dem Polrad 2 und dem magnetoresistives Element befindet sich eine Abschirmung 8, die über ein Kabel 9 mit der Masseleitung 7 verbunden ist. Die Abschirmung 8 kann als dünne Schicht oder als Draht ausge¬ bildet sein, wobei die Schicht parallel zur Fläche des sensi¬ tiven Elements 4, das dem Polrad 2 zugewandt ist, angeordnet ist.At least two supply lines 6 and 7 lead to the evaluation electronics 5, one line 7 being connected to the basic potential of the on-board electronics. Between the magnet wheel 2 and the magnetoresistive element there is a shield 8 which is connected to the ground line 7 via a cable 9. The shield 8 can be formed as a thin layer or as a wire, the layer being arranged parallel to the surface of the sensitive element 4 which faces the magnet wheel 2.
Die Einheit aus Abschirmung 8, Element 4, Auswerteelektronik 5 ist aus Stabilitätsgründen in Kunststoff eingegossen. Das Polrad 2 ist mit einer Achse verbunden, auf der ein gummi¬ bereiftes Fahrzeugrad befestigt ist. Auf dem Rad können sich elektrische Potentiale ausbilden, die zu Überschlägen auf Tei¬ le der Karosserie aber auch auf den Sensor führen. Die Ab¬ schirmung verhindert, daß die bei Überschläegn abfließenden Ströme das magnetfeldempfindliche Element 4 oder die Aus- werteelktronik 5 beschädigen oder aber gar zerstören, da die Ströme über die Abschirmung 8 , die Leitungen 9,7 unmittelbar zum Massepotential des Bordnetzes geführt werden. The unit consisting of shielding 8, element 4, evaluation electronics 5 is cast in plastic for reasons of stability. The pole wheel 2 is connected to an axle on which a rubber-tired vehicle wheel is fastened. Electrical potentials can form on the wheel, which lead to arcing on parts of the body but also on the sensor. The shielding prevents the currents flowing off in the event of arcing from damaging or even destroying the magnetic field-sensitive element 4 or the evaluation electronics 5, since the currents are conducted directly to the ground potential of the vehicle electrical system via the shielding 8, the lines 9, 7.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sensor, insbesondere zur Erfassung der Drehbewegung eines gummibereiften Rades eines Fahrzeuges mit einem auf physi¬ kalische Veränderungen ansprechenden Element (4), an der eine sich periodisch ändernde Struktur vorbeibewegt wird mit einer Auswerteelektronik (5), die aufgrund der Reaktio¬ nen des Elementes ein Strom- oder Spannungssignal gene¬ riert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Abschirmung (8) zwischen dem Element (4) und der Struktur (2) vorgesehen ist, die mit dem Grundpotential der Stromversorgung für die Auswerteelektronik (5) elektrisch leitend verbunden ist.1. Sensor, in particular for detecting the rotational movement of a rubber-tired wheel of a vehicle with an element (4) that responds to physical changes, past which a periodically changing structure is moved with an electronic evaluation unit (5) that, due to the reactions of the Element generated a current or voltage signal, characterized in that a shield (8) between the element (4) and the structure (2) is provided, which is electrically conductively connected to the basic potential of the power supply for the evaluation electronics (5) .
2. Sensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die2. Sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the
Abschirmung aus einer dünnen elektrisch leitenden Schicht besteht, deren Ausdehnung etwa der Ausdehnung des Elements (4) entspricht.Shielding consists of a thin electrically conductive layer, the extent of which corresponds approximately to the extent of the element (4).
3. Sensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschirmung (8) als Draht ausgebildet ist.3. Sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield (8) is designed as a wire.
4. Sensor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Element ein magnetoresistiver Wi¬ derstand ist und daß die veränderliche Struktur aus einem gezahnten Polrad (2) besteht.4. Sensor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element is a magnetoresistive resistor and that the variable structure consists of a toothed magnet wheel (2).
5. Sensor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das magnetoresistive Element (4), die Auswerteelektronik (5) sowie die Abschirmung (8) in einem Kunststoffgehäuse (1) eingebettet sind. 5. Sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetoresistive element (4), the evaluation electronics (5) and the shield (8) are embedded in a plastic housing (1).
EP97902192A 1996-01-23 1997-01-20 Sensor Ceased EP0876587A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19602230 1996-01-23
DE1996102230 DE19602230A1 (en) 1996-01-23 1996-01-23 sensor
PCT/EP1997/000250 WO1997027457A1 (en) 1996-01-23 1997-01-20 Sensor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0876587A1 true EP0876587A1 (en) 1998-11-11

Family

ID=7783408

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97902192A Ceased EP0876587A1 (en) 1996-01-23 1997-01-20 Sensor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0876587A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000504415A (en)
DE (1) DE19602230A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997027457A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10059923A1 (en) * 2000-11-23 2002-06-06 Huebner Elmasch Ag Drehimpulsgeber
FR2821521B1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2004-11-26 Electricfil DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A MAGNETIC SENSOR AGAINST HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
JP3971934B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2007-09-05 ヤマハ株式会社 Magnetic sensor and its manufacturing method
DE102010055124A1 (en) * 2010-12-18 2012-06-21 Volkswagen Ag Power supply device for e.g. block-type thermal power station, has electric machine connected to turbine, and compressor connected to air line of burner, where electric machine, turbine and/or compressor are arranged on common shaft

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6031015A (en) * 1983-07-30 1985-02-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Position sensor wherein magnetoresistance body is used
DE3815452A1 (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-16 Wabco Westinghouse Steuerung PULSER
DE3910297A1 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-04 Micro Epsilon Messtechnik CONTACTLESS WORKING MEASURING SYSTEM
EP0500223B1 (en) * 1991-01-29 1995-08-23 CTS Corporation Electronic circuit packaged with a position sensor
DE59201948D1 (en) * 1991-05-18 1995-05-24 Eurocopter Deutschland Component essentially made of plastic with an electromagnetic shield.
JP2829174B2 (en) * 1992-01-08 1998-11-25 三菱電機株式会社 Magnetic pickup sensor
JPH05215505A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Position detecting apparatus
DE4333800A1 (en) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-06 Deutsche Automobilgesellsch Device for detecting the angle of rotation
DE9410490U1 (en) * 1994-06-29 1994-08-11 Ab Elektronik Gmbh, 59368 Werne Measuring, control and / or regulating device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000504415A (en) 2000-04-11
DE19602230A1 (en) 1997-07-24
WO1997027457A1 (en) 1997-07-31

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