EP0874333A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour valider des billets de banque - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour valider des billets de banque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0874333A1
EP0874333A1 EP98105225A EP98105225A EP0874333A1 EP 0874333 A1 EP0874333 A1 EP 0874333A1 EP 98105225 A EP98105225 A EP 98105225A EP 98105225 A EP98105225 A EP 98105225A EP 0874333 A1 EP0874333 A1 EP 0874333A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
banknote
predetermined
comparing
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98105225A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armando Neri
Stefano Chini
Giuseppe Di Stefano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Currency Systems International Inc
Original Assignee
GD SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GD SpA filed Critical GD SpA
Publication of EP0874333A1 publication Critical patent/EP0874333A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for controlling banknotes.
  • banknotes are produced from special sheets (typically comprising watermarks and/or metal bands) large enough to accommodate several finished banknotes, and which are subjected to various printing steps, using different printing methods, to obtain the various graphic and alphanumeric characters. More specifically, printing may comprise some or all of the following steps:
  • the printed sheet is quality controlled, and only the passed banknotes are printed with serial numbers. Finally, the sheet is cut to separate the banknotes, but cutting is not performed in line with any of the printed details.
  • Quality control is currently performed manually to ensure the various printed details conform closely enough with an ideal value, and that there are no errors in colouring (too much ink or none at all), no smudges, etc.
  • a method of controlling banknotes characterized by comprising the steps of acquiring an image of a whole banknote, and comparing said acquired image with a reference image of a whole specimen banknote.
  • a device for controlling banknotes characterized by comprising acquisition means for acquiring an image of a whole banknote; and comparing means for comparing said acquired image with a whole reference image of a specimen banknote.
  • Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates as a whole a device for quality controlling banknotes 2 printed on a sheet 3.
  • control device 1 comprises a television camera 4 for picking up one banknote at a time, and for generating and supplying a digitized discrete grey-tone television signal to an image memory 5.
  • Image memory 5 memorizes the image of banknote 2 in the form of a matrix of dots (pixels), each of which is assigned a value (also referred to hereinafter as a shade value) related to the grey level (luminance) of the pixel.
  • Image memory 5 is connected to an image processor 6 for performing a first processing operation of the image of banknote 2, and for determining the coordinates of the image with respect to a predetermined reference system used later for comparison with a specimen banknote.
  • Image processor 6 is therefore connected to a specimen memory 7, by which it is supplied with selected portions of a specimen banknote, which are compared with similar portions of the image to be repositioned.
  • the output of image processor 6 is connected to an edge extractor 8, which receives the shifted image of the banknote to be controlled, and processes the shifted image to generate a processed image, the pixels of which define the edges of the drawings and alphanumeric characters on the banknote, and the portions of the banknote having a brightness gradient with respect to the adjacent portions.
  • Edge extractor 8 is connected to a local averaging and comparing unit 9 for locally averaging the processed image received from edge extractor 8, and for making a local comparison with corresponding image portions of the specimen banknote - also averaged - supplied by specimen memory 7.
  • Local averaging and comparing unit 9 also processes the local comparison results of all the portions, and supplies, at an output 10, a signal S accepting or rejecting the controlled banknote 2.
  • a control unit 11 is connected to units 5-9 to control the operation sequence as well as any processing parameters.
  • control method shown comprises a first step of acquiring and memorizing the image of a whole banknote by means of camera 4 and image memory 5 (block 12). From the acquired image (block 13), image processor 6 selects a number of small predetermined regions containing predetermined significant characteristics of the banknote, taking into account any position inaccuracy resulting from displacement of the banknote with respect to the theoretical position, and from the printing deviations described previously.
  • the predetermined regions may be such as to definitely contain the edge portions defined by lines A and B in Figure 5.
  • the selected predetermined regions of the camera image are processed to extract the significant characteristics (lines A and B) of the banknote (block 14), for example, as described in detail later on with reference to Figure 3 showing edge extraction by edge extractor 8.
  • Image processor 6 then redefines the position of the banknote with respect to the reference system of device 1 (used for the specimen banknote) using the position of the extracted significant characteristics and the reference position of the same significant characteristics on the specimen banknote (block 15). For example, image processor 6 may determine, in known manner, the horizontal and vertical deviation of the extracted predetermined significant characteristics with respect to the same significant characteristics on the specimen banknote, and calculate correct coordinates of the banknote on the basis of the deviation, or may use known rotation-translation algorithms.
  • edge extractor 8 which processes the image by filtering it through an edge detection convolution filter (block 16), e.g. a 3x3 kernel filter as shown in Figure 3 and described in detail later on.
  • edge detection convolution filter e.g. a 3x3 kernel filter as shown in Figure 3 and described in detail later on.
  • the processed image by now only containing the edges and pixels with brightness gradients with respect to the adjacent regions, is then sent by extractor 8 to local averaging and comparing unit 9, which processes the image to add the values of pixels in predetermined regions. More specifically, unit 9 divides the banknote into a number of predetermined portions, and adds the shade values of the pixels in each portion to obtain a number of values, one for each portion and each proportional to the mean shade value of that portion (block 17). These values are then compared with corresponding shade values of the specimen banknote (processed beforehand in the same way as for the banknote being controlled) to determine the deviation (block 18); and the detected deviations as a whole are processed according to predetermined criteria governing acceptance or rejection of the banknote (block 19). For example, the banknote may be passed if all the detected deviations are below a predetermined threshold, or if a significant portion (e.g. 90%) of the deviations is below a first threshold, and the rest are anyway below a second higher threshold.
  • a significant portion e.
  • a pass signal is generated (block 20); conversely (NO output), a reject signal is generated (block 21); which signals may be used for printing the serial numbers (which, as stated, are only printed on the passed banknotes) and for separating the passed banknotes from the rejects when sheet 3 is cut.
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of the convolution filter for extracting the edges in block 14 of Figure 2. More specifically, the filter, which is substantially known and indicated as a whole by 22, comprises two FIFO registers 23, 24; a multiplication matrix 25 with nine cells 26-34 arranged in three rows and three columns; four adders 35-38; an input line 39; and an output line 40.
  • Input line 39 is connected to the input of cell 26 and to the input of register 23; the output of register 23 is connected to the input of register 24 and to the input of cell 29; the output of register 24 is connected to the input of cell 32; each cell 26, 29, 32 has two outputs, a first connected to the input of adder 35, and a second connected to the cell on the right (27, 30, 33 respectively); each cell 27, 30, 33 has two outputs, a first connected to the input of adder 36, and a second connected to the cell on the right (28, 31, 34 respectively); each cell 28, 31, 34 has an output connected to the input of adder 37; and the outputs of adders 35, 36, 37 are connected to the inputs of adder 38, the output of which is connected to output line 40.
  • Cells 26-34 of filter 22 provide for multiplying the input pixel value by a predetermined value (8 for cell 30 and -1 for cells 26-29 and 31-34) and for supplying it to the respective adders; and cells 26-31 supply the value of the same pixel (unchanged) to the next cell in the same row.
  • a new-pixel value is supplied to cell 26 and register 23; the "oldest” pixel in register 23 is supplied to cell 29 and register 24; the "oldest” pixel in register 24 is supplied to cell 32; cells 26, 29, 32 supply adder 35 with the result of multiplying the pixel received in the previous clock count, and supply the same pixel received previously (unchanged) to respective next cells 27, 30, 33; similarly, cells 27, 30, 33 supply the multiplication result to adder 36, and the unchanged pixel value to next cells 28, 31, 34; cells 28, 31, 34 simply supply the multiplication result to adder 37; adders 35, 36, 37 supply the sum of the previous values to adder 38; and adder 38 supplies the total value to the output.
  • each register 23, 24 memorizes a number of pixels equal to that of one column (e.g. 128)
  • cells 26-34 receive, at each clock count, the values of a central pixel and the eight surrounding pixels, and multiply them by the coefficients indicated; and the multiplication results are then added so that each pixel in the image is modified according to the value of the eight adjacent pixels.
  • each pixel is assigned a zero or, at any rate, a low value, whereas the pixels in edge or high-contrast portions are assigned high values, thus transforming the original image into a processed image containing practically only edges, and in which the value assigned to the pixels belonging to the edges indicates the degree of contrast or gradient with the adjacent pixels.
  • Unit 9 comprises a selecting element 41 having an input 42 serially supplying the pixel values processed by image processor 6, and a number of outputs 43, each connected to a respective local section 44.
  • Each local section 44 comprises an adder 45 having a first input 46 connected to a respective output 43 of selecting element 41, a second input 47, and an output 48 connected to an accumulator 49 having two control inputs 50, 51 respectively receiving an enabling signal EN and a reset signal RES.
  • Accumulator 49 also has an output 52 connected to input 47 of adder 45 and to a memorizing element or latch 53 having an enabling input 54 receiving a respective control signal L, and an output 55 connected to a first input of a comparator 56, which also has a second input connected to a reference buffer 57 for memorizing a local reference value and which is enabled by a control signal B.
  • Comparator 56 also has an input receiving a control signal C, and an output 58 connected, like all the outputs of local sections 44, to a logic unit 59, which, depending on the outcome of the comparisons made in all the local sections 44, determines acceptance or rejection of banknote 2 in block 19 of Figure 2.
  • control signals EN, RES, L, B and C are supplied by control unit 11 in Figure 1.
  • the pixels - scanned, for example, in columns - are supplied to selecting element 41, which distributes them, in predetermined groups, to sections 44. For example, if local averaging and comparison are performed in 8x8 pixel regions, selecting element 41 sends the first 8 pixels in the first column to the first section 44, the next 8 pixels in the first column to the second section 44, and so on up to the end of the column, and then sends the first 8 pixels of the second column to first section 44, the second 8 pixels in the second column to second section 44, and so on.
  • each section 44 the value of each pixel received at input 46 is added by adder 45 to the previous total supplied at input 47, and the sum is memorized in accumulator 49 enabled, at this step, by signal EN. The sum is repeated for all the received pixels of eight successive columns, and the total is memorized in latch 53 enabled for the purpose by signal L; accumulator 49 is reset by signal RES to memorize the sum of the next region from zero; and reference buffer 57 supplies a reference value REF (corresponding to the sum of the specimen banknote pixel values in the same region, the image of which has been processed in the same way as described above to extract the edges) to comparator 56, which, as stated, supplies the local comparison value defining a local-error signal E for use by logic unit 59.
  • REF reference value
  • Selecting element 41 may operate in different ways to add the pixel values (local averaging) depending on the control precision required and the characteristics of the banknotes being controlled. For example, as opposed to 8x8 pixel regions as described above, local averaging and comparison may be performed in 16x16 pixel regions.
  • the banknote may be divided into predetermined areas, even differing in size, so as to contain whole copperplate details; in which case, the banknote may be repositioned according to displacement of the offset printing, and the areas for comparison must be large enough for each to definitely contain the respective copperplate detail, taking into account any displacement of the copperplate with respect to the offset printing.
  • repositioning may be performed according to displacement of the copperplate printing, and the areas for comparison may be the same size as the copperplate details, and therefore smaller than previously.
  • the local averaging and comparison regions may be of predetermined size (e.g. 8x8) in the portions containing only offset or copperplate printing, and of larger size in the combined regions.
  • the banknote repositioning step may be performed after the edge extracting step, using already extracted edge portions; and convolution to extract the edges may be performed using a software or hardware filter.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
EP98105225A 1997-03-28 1998-03-23 Procédé et dispositif pour valider des billets de banque Withdrawn EP0874333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO970184 1997-03-28
IT97BO000184A IT1292829B1 (it) 1997-03-28 1997-03-28 Metodo e dispositivo per il controllo di banconote.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0874333A1 true EP0874333A1 (fr) 1998-10-28

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EP98105225A Withdrawn EP0874333A1 (fr) 1997-03-28 1998-03-23 Procédé et dispositif pour valider des billets de banque

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0874333A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1166380A (fr)
IT (1) IT1292829B1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005025872A1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-24 Eyec Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour controler des resultats d'impression
WO2006124829A2 (fr) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-23 David John Galton Procede et appareil de mesure de la qualite d'une image imprimee
WO2009059413A1 (fr) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-14 Gmf Flexo Prepress Inc. Système et procédé pour analyser une qualité d'impression
WO2011126410A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Конструкторское Бюро "Дорс" (Ооо "Кб "Дорс"). Procédé de classification de billets de banque
CN111267467A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-12 中国印刷科学技术研究院有限公司 一种胶印印刷标准测试版及其生产应用方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131879A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-12-26 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the relative positions of corresponding points or zones of a sample and an orginal
US4273045A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-06-16 Butler Greenwich Inc. Printing machine registration target
US4879000A (en) * 1987-04-18 1989-11-07 Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft Process for determining dimension errors
US4905296A (en) * 1986-07-22 1990-02-27 Schlumberger Systems & Services, Inc. System for shape recognition
US5020110A (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-05-28 Inter Innovation Ab Arrangement for checking documents
EP0734863A1 (fr) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-02 De La Rue Giori S.A. Procédé de contrÔle automatique au moyen d'un dispositif opto-électronique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131879A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-12-26 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the relative positions of corresponding points or zones of a sample and an orginal
US4273045A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-06-16 Butler Greenwich Inc. Printing machine registration target
US4905296A (en) * 1986-07-22 1990-02-27 Schlumberger Systems & Services, Inc. System for shape recognition
US4879000A (en) * 1987-04-18 1989-11-07 Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft Process for determining dimension errors
US5020110A (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-05-28 Inter Innovation Ab Arrangement for checking documents
EP0734863A1 (fr) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-02 De La Rue Giori S.A. Procédé de contrÔle automatique au moyen d'un dispositif opto-électronique

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005025872A1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-24 Eyec Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour controler des resultats d'impression
WO2006124829A2 (fr) * 2005-05-17 2006-11-23 David John Galton Procede et appareil de mesure de la qualite d'une image imprimee
WO2006124829A3 (fr) * 2005-05-17 2007-04-05 David John Galton Procede et appareil de mesure de la qualite d'une image imprimee
WO2009059413A1 (fr) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-14 Gmf Flexo Prepress Inc. Système et procédé pour analyser une qualité d'impression
US20100309494A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2010-12-09 Hugh Gregory Platt System and method for analyzing print quality
US8054501B2 (en) 2007-11-07 2011-11-08 Final Print Assurance Inc. System and method for analyzing print quality
WO2011126410A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Конструкторское Бюро "Дорс" (Ооо "Кб "Дорс"). Procédé de classification de billets de banque
US8600146B2 (en) 2010-04-08 2013-12-03 Obshhestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennost'Ju ''Konstruktorskoe Bjuro ''Dors'' (OOO ''KB ''Dors'') Method for the classification of banknotes
CN111267467A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-12 中国印刷科学技术研究院有限公司 一种胶印印刷标准测试版及其生产应用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITBO970184A1 (it) 1998-09-28
ITBO970184A0 (it) 1997-03-28
JPH1166380A (ja) 1999-03-09
IT1292829B1 (it) 1999-02-11

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