EP0873768B1 - Mittel zur Löschung von Feuern der Klasse A und B - Google Patents
Mittel zur Löschung von Feuern der Klasse A und B Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0873768B1 EP0873768B1 EP19980400879 EP98400879A EP0873768B1 EP 0873768 B1 EP0873768 B1 EP 0873768B1 EP 19980400879 EP19980400879 EP 19980400879 EP 98400879 A EP98400879 A EP 98400879A EP 0873768 B1 EP0873768 B1 EP 0873768B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- extinguishing composition
- afff
- class
- extinguisher
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
Definitions
- the present invention relates to extinguishing compositions intended foam or water spray extinguishers that can be used to extinguish fireplaces class A (absorbent solid materials such as fabrics, paper, wood) and class B fireplaces (combustible liquids such as hydrocarbons).
- class A absorbent solid materials such as fabrics, paper, wood
- class B fireplaces combustible liquids such as hydrocarbons
- class A and B homes we mean here those defined in the European standard EN 2 which indicates that class A fires are solid material fires, generally organic in nature, burning normally with embers forming and that Class B fires are liquid fires or liquefiable solids.
- a fire extinguisher is a apparatus containing an extinguishing agent which may be thrown and directed at a fire by the action of an internal pressure, this pressure being able to be provided by a compression permanent prerequisite or be obtained by chemical reaction or release an auxiliary gas. More specifically, a portable fire extinguisher is a fire extinguisher which is designed to be carried and used by hand and which, in working order, has a mass less than or equal to 20 kg.
- combustion inhibitor products such as, for example, phosphates or ammonium sulfates, which under the action of heat decompose endothermically. Decreasing the heat energy of the hearth, this decomposition inhibits the reaction mechanism in the combustion chain and considerably reduces the emission of combustible gases.
- phosphates and ammonium sulfates are the building blocks of fire extinguishing powders such as those described in patents DE 1,233,276, DE 1,542,506, DE 1,621,718, DE 2,635,351, DE 2,902,948, DE 3,321,174, DE 4,136,398, GB 1,410,469 and FR 1,510,555.
- Fire extinguishing powders are widely used in fire extinguishers.
- the powder extinguisher charge is expressed in weight; the most common charges are those of portable fire extinguishers and range from 1 to 12 kg, but the load can be much higher and go up to 150 kg in the case for example of fire extinguishers on wheels.
- AFFF Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
- AFFF foam concentrates are described, for example, in US patents 3,562,156, US 3,772,195, FR 2,347,426 and US 5,085 78.
- the foam concentrates AFFF produce, after dilution with water and addition of air, a foam forming, by decantation, an aqueous film which spreads over the entire surface of the hydrocarbon.
- the AFFF foam concentrates are typically used with fire hoses, but they can also be used as a foaming agent in a fire extinguisher of water as described in patent EP 621,057.
- the charge of fire extinguishers based on of water is expressed in volume; it consists of the AFFF foam concentrate diluted from 0.5 to 6% by volume, most often from 1 to 3% by volume in water. Most charges common in the case of portable fire extinguishers range from 1 to 12 liters, but this load can be much higher and up to 150 liters in the case, for example, fire extinguishers on wheels. In addition to its fire extinguishing efficiency on class B, the effectiveness of a fire extinguisher based on an AFFF foam concentrate on class A fireplaces is superior to that of a water extinguisher without AFFF foam concentrate.
- the problem is therefore to find a foaming agent of the AFFF foam type. effective against class B fires, usable in a fire extinguisher and having in addition increased performance on Class A fireplaces.
- the two components, inhibitor and foam concentrate are used together after dissolution immediately in the water.
- both come in a single cartridge as the case (c) they do not need to form a homogeneous solution since at the time of their use they are released into the water of the extinguisher and used at once.
- the inhibitor and the foam concentrate can present in the form of a single liquid product ready to use, having a good storage stability and able to withstand extreme conditions of storage such as, for example, freeze / thaw cycles.
- the present invention therefore relates to an extinguishing composition for foam or water spray extinguisher comprising at least an aqueous solution an AFFF fire-fighting foam concentrate and at least one combustion inhibitor, as well as urea, citric acid and ethylene (or propylene) glycol, the whole is in the form of a homogeneous and clear solution the appearance of which is not modified even after freezing.
- the extinguishing composition according to the invention can be used as a premix with water from the fire extinguisher or it can be placed in a cartridge inside the fire extinguisher. In the second case, at the time of use it is brought into contact with the water in the extinguisher and it dissolves instantly.
- the resulting diluted solution is a foaming solution which is sprayed as aqueous foam and extinguishes class A and class B fires
- the rate of use of the composition object of the present invention is between 5 and 35 volumes that it is made up to 100 volumes with water, generally city water.
- the dose preferred use of the extinguishing composition is between 7 and 25 volumes, and more particularly between 9 and 18 volumes, for 100 volumes at total aqueous solution.
- any of the known combustion inhibitors or a mixture of such inhibitors preferably mono- or di-ammonium phosphates are used, mixed phosphates of ammonium and alkali metal ions, sulfates ammonium, and mixtures of such products.
- mono- or di-ammonium phosphates are used, mixed phosphates of ammonium and alkali metal ions, sulfates ammonium, and mixtures of such products.
- orthophosphate monoammonium, diammonium orthophosphate and ammonium sulfate are preferentially chosen, and more particularly diammonium orthophosphate.
- the content to be incorporated into the extinguishing composition depends on the level of performance desired on this type of fireplace.
- the amount of inhibitor should be sufficient to achieve a good level of performance but should not be too high as there is a risk of exceeding the solubility limit, which may cause the appearance of a deposit.
- the composition is incorporated into the composition. extinguisher from 5% to 25% by weight, preferably from 8% to 15% by weight of minus a combustion inhibitor.
- fluorinated surfactants which can be used in the context of the invention, mention may be made of those of formulas: C 6 F 13 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 -N ⁇ (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 COO ⁇ C 6 F 13 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -N ⁇ (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 COO ⁇ C 8 F 17 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -N ⁇ (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 COO ⁇ C 6 F 13 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -N ⁇ (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 CH 2 COO ⁇ C 6 F 13 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -N ⁇ (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 CH 2 COO ⁇ C 6 F 13 -CH 2 CH 2 -SO 2 NH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
- the non-fluorinated surfactants are preferably chosen from anionic, non-ionic or amphoteric, having a side chain hydrocarbon of 5 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably of 8 to 12 carbon atoms carbon.
- the AFFF foam concentrate present in the composition extinguisher improves the wetting and penetration of the inhibitor in the wood, which increases the inhibitory action on class A focus. But its main effect resides in class B fires, the desired level of performance on this type of hearth leads to incorporating more or less AFFF foam concentrate.
- it is recommended to incorporate into the extinguishing composition from 10% to 30% by weight, preferably from 15% to 25% by weight of AFFF foam concentrate.
- the AFFF foam concentrate and the combustion inhibitor described above constitute the active ingredients of the extinguishing composition, i.e. the agents responsible of the extinguisher effect on class A and class B fires.
- components in a single product, in the form of a clear solution, homogeneous and stable it is recommended in the present invention to add quantities adapted from urea, citric acid and ethylene or (propylene) glycol. He is not excluded that any of these components, and more particularly urea or ethylene (or propylene) glycol are already present in the AFFF foam concentrate.
- the urea content to be incorporated into the composition varies from 5% to 20% by weight, preferably from 8% to 15% by weight;
- the citric acid content varies from 1% to 7% by weight, preferably 2% to 4% by weight and the ethylene content (or propylene) glycol varies from 2% to 15% by weight, preferably from 3% to 10% by weight.
- an extinguishing composition according to the invention does not require of particular precaution and can be carried out by simple mixture of the various constituents until homogenized.
- the only precaution to take is related to the risk of foaming during the incorporation of the AFFF foam concentrate; care must therefore be taken not to shake too vigorously the solution to limit the formation of foam which can be troublesome.
- preparing the extinguishing composition is complete when the mixture becomes clear and homogeneous.
- the stability of the extinguishing compositions according to the invention can be evaluated by means of sedimentation and use tests after gel, the principles of which are described in French standard NF S 60 210 (Foaming liquids for physical foams for hydrocarbon and polar liquids - specifications and test methods).
- the content of suspended matter must not exceed 1.50% by volume.
- the sample To satisfy the use test after freezing, the sample must not have phase separation during a visual examination.
- the resulting solution After dilution of the extinguishing composition with demineralized water, at the rate of 1 volume of composition for 6 volumes of water, the resulting solution has a surface tension of 16.0 mN / m and an interfacial tension on the cyclohexane of 1.3 mN / m.
- the resulting solution After dilution of the extinguishing composition with demineralized water, at the rate of 1 volume of composition for 9 volumes of water, the resulting solution has a surface tension of 16.0 mN / m and an interfacial tension on the cyclohexane of 1.4 mN / m.
- extinguisher composition prepared in Example 1 1 liter of extinguisher composition prepared in Example 1 is incorporated into a portable water fire extinguisher with a capacity of 6 liters (or 9 liters), then it is made up to 6 liters (or 9 liters) with tap water. 3 fire extinguisher devices with a capacity of 6 liters and 2 fire extinguisher devices with a capacity of 9 liters are thus charged to carry out the extinction tests according to European standard EN 3. The following table indicates the performances obtained on the fireplaces.
- Example Fire extinguisher capacity Tested type fireplace Obtaining extinction (extinction time) EN3 minimum requirement 2 6 liters 183 B yes (1 min 35 sec) 113 B 3 6 liters 233 B yes (2 min 06 sec) 113 B 4 6 liters 21 A yes (2 min 43 sec) 8 A 5 9 liters 233 B yes (1 min 05 sec) 183 B 6 9 liters 27 A yes (5 min 46 sec) 13 A
- the extinguisher composition thus prepared in accordance with the invention, has a sediment rate of less than 0.1% (by volume) and shows no separation phase when subjected to the use test after frost.
- the extinguishing agent thus prepared is not stable at temperature ambient; it loses its homogeneity when cooling from 40 ° C to the temperature ambient (about 20 ° C).
- Example 10 (comparison) 11 (comparison) 12 (comparison) 13 14 diammonium orthophosphate 115 115 115 115 115 Ammonium sulphate 0 0 0 0 0 AFFF foam concentrate 180 180 180 180 Urea 100 120 80 100 100 Citric acid 35 35 35 35 35 35 Propylene glycol 0 0 0 50 70 Water (qs 1000) 570 550 590 520 500 Stability at room temperature Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stability in use test after freezing Phase shift Phase shift Phase shift No phase shift No phase shift No phase shift
- the stability evaluation shows that the comparative compositions of the examples 10 to 12 are stable at room temperature, but their stability is insufficient to withstand the use test after freezing of standard NF S 60 210; at the end of this test, it appears a phase shift and the compositions of examples 10 to 12 lose their initial homogeneity.
- the compositions of Examples 13 and 14, in accordance with the invention do not exhibit any phase shift even after the test of use after frost.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Claims (9)
- Löschmittel in Form einer wässerigen Lösung, umfassend:10 bis 30 Gew.-% (vorzugsweise 15 bis
25Gew.-%) eines brandhemmenden Emulgiermittels AFFF,5 bis 25 Gew.-% (vorzugsweise 8 bis
15 Gew.-%) mindestens eines Verbrennungshemmstoffes,5 bis 20 Gew.-% (vorzugsweise 8 bis
15 Gew.-%) Harnstoff,1 bis 7 Gew.-% (vorzugsweise 2 bis 4 Gew.-%) Citronensäure und2 bis 15 Gew.-% (vorzugsweise 3 bis
10 Gew.-%) Ethylenglykol oder Propylenglykol. - Löschmittel nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Emulgiermittel AFFF eine wässerige Lösung ist, umfassend mindestens ein fluoriertes Tensid, mindestens ein nicht fluoriertes Tensid und mindestens ein Cosolvens, vorzugsweise ein Monoalkylether von Mono- oder Diethylen(oder Propylen)glykol.
- Löschmittel nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Emulgiermittel AFFF 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 7 und 18 Gew.-%, fluorierte(s) Tensid(e), 2 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 4 und 18 Gew.-%, nicht fluorierte(s) Tensid(e), 20 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 45 Gew.-%, Cosolvens enthält.
- Löschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem der Verbrennungshemmstoff unter den Mono- oder Diammoniumphosphaten, den Mischphosphaten von Ammonium und Alkalimetallionen, den Ammoniumsulfaten und den Mischungen dieser Produkte ausgewählt wird.
- Löschmittel nach Anspruch 4, bei dem der Verbrennungshemmstoff unter Monoammoniumorthophosphat, Diammoniumorthophosphat und Ammoniumsulfat ausgewählt wird.
- Löschmittel nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Verbrennungshemmstoff Diammoniumorthophosphat ist.
- Schaum- oder Sprühwasserlöschgerät, das bei einem Gesamtvolumen von 100 Teilen 5 bis 35 Volumenteile eines Löschmittels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 enthält.
- Löschgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Löschmittel 7 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 9 bis 18 Gew.-%, des Gesamtvolumens ausmacht.
- Verwendung eines Löschgeräts nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, um Feuer der Klasse A und der Klasse B zu bekämpfen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9705016A FR2762519B1 (fr) | 1997-04-23 | 1997-04-23 | Compositions extinctrices pour feux de classes a et b |
FR9705016 | 1997-04-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0873768A1 EP0873768A1 (de) | 1998-10-28 |
EP0873768B1 true EP0873768B1 (de) | 2003-07-02 |
Family
ID=9506227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980400879 Expired - Lifetime EP0873768B1 (de) | 1997-04-23 | 1998-04-09 | Mittel zur Löschung von Feuern der Klasse A und B |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0873768B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69815927D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2762519B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2787721B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-24 | 2001-02-02 | Atochem Elf Sa | Compositions extinctrices |
US7736549B2 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2010-06-15 | John Griem | Flame retardant chemical composition |
EP2826838A1 (de) | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | PKI Supply A/S | Flammhemmende Zusammensetzung für absorbierende Materialien |
GB202213580D0 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-02 | Lifesafe Tech Limited | Fire extinguishing liquid |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5666275A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-06-04 | Hatsuta Seisakusho | Machine bubble fire extinguishing substance |
JPH0245464B2 (ja) * | 1983-02-18 | 1990-10-09 | Chitsuso Kk | Awashokayakuzai |
JPS61280877A (ja) * | 1985-06-07 | 1986-12-11 | 宮田工業株式会社 | 消火薬剤 |
US5207932A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1993-05-04 | Chubb National Foam, Inc. | Alcohol resistant aqueous film forming firefighting foam |
JPH06218075A (ja) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-09 | G T L:Kk | 水系消火剤 |
EP0676220A1 (de) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-10-11 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Zusammensetzungen für tragbare Feuerlöscher mit pulverisierten Wasser für Feuer der Klasse A und B |
-
1997
- 1997-04-23 FR FR9705016A patent/FR2762519B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-09 DE DE69815927T patent/DE69815927D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-09 EP EP19980400879 patent/EP0873768B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2762519B1 (fr) | 1999-06-25 |
DE69815927D1 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
FR2762519A1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 |
EP0873768A1 (de) | 1998-10-28 |
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