EP0870985A2 - Incineration process for waste in a circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

Incineration process for waste in a circulating fluidized bed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0870985A2
EP0870985A2 EP98101663A EP98101663A EP0870985A2 EP 0870985 A2 EP0870985 A2 EP 0870985A2 EP 98101663 A EP98101663 A EP 98101663A EP 98101663 A EP98101663 A EP 98101663A EP 0870985 A2 EP0870985 A2 EP 0870985A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
mixer
waste
solids
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98101663A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0870985A3 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dr. Loeffler
Jochim Eschenburg
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0870985A2 publication Critical patent/EP0870985A2/en
Publication of EP0870985A3 publication Critical patent/EP0870985A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
    • F23G2203/501—Fluidised bed furnace with external recirculation of entrained bed material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/10—Liquid waste
    • F23G2209/102—Waste oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning Waste materials in the circulating fluidized bed.
  • waste materials it can z. B. such municipal or of industrial origin, can also be liquid Waste, e.g. B. waste oil or sludge, e.g. B. sewage sludge, are processed.
  • liquid Waste e.g. B. waste oil or sludge, e.g. B. sewage sludge
  • US Pat. No. 5,425,317 describes the gasification of waste materials in the circulating fluidized bed, producing a gas containing combustible constituents which is combusted together with ash.
  • the combustion of coal in the circulating fluidized bed is known from US Pat. No. 5,159,886.
  • the hot ash formed is mixed with a portion of the granular coal to produce carbonization gas.
  • the carbonization gas is mixed with the flue gas from the coal combustion, whereby the temperature of the flue gas is increased in order to destroy N 2 O.
  • the invention is based, at the beginning mentioned processes also waste materials with a relatively large To be able to process piece size. At the same time, it should be possible be, formed or released pollutants in a gas stream to be enriched separately. According to the invention the task is thereby solved that you have a vortex combustion chamber containing oxygen Fluidizing gas feeds from the top of the Vortex combustion chamber using a hot gas-solid mixture Subtracts temperatures in the range of 800 to 1400 ° C and one The separator feeds that the mixture is called hot in the separator Solids separated and at least a part of the separated Solids in an outside of the vortex combustion chamber Mixer feeds that waste materials are fed to the mixer and they are mixed with the hot solids fed, whereby a solid mixture and pyrolysis gas are formed, and that at least a part of the solid mixture in the Vortex combustion chamber conducts and draws off the pyrolysis gas.
  • All the waste materials can be fed to the mixer, it is but also possible to give only a part of it to the mixer and Z. B. directly up to 50 wt .-% of the total waste direct the vortex combustion chamber.
  • they are Waste by mixing with the hot solid heated and thereby swollen.
  • the emerging smoldering or Pyrolysis gases are mixed gases and vapors, in this Pyrolysis gas pollutants are enriched. In this way can be ensured that at least part of the Pollutants do not get into the vortex combustion chamber, where they otherwise could cause corrosion.
  • the mixer can be designed in various ways, z. B. a drum mixer, one Rotary tube mixer, a deck oven, a screw mixer or trade a paddle mixer, you can also hot and cold here Solid streams trickling down and penetrating mix.
  • the temperatures of the formed in the mixer Solid mixtures are usually in the range of 150 to 650 ° C.
  • the pyrolysis gas to burn at least partially. Especially if that Pyrolysis gas is low in pollutants, you can at least partly lead into the vortex combustion chamber.
  • the mixer makes it possible to make it relatively coarse Add waste materials that are used for direct feeding into the Vortex combustion chambers are not suitable. Due to the smoldering in Mixer also creates a crushing effect, that's why can at least the waste materials fed to the mixer 1% by weight of waste materials with piece sizes of at least 20 mm consist. A higher proportion of this relatively coarse waste is easily possible.
  • the solid mixture formed in the mixer is a proportion of contains relatively coarse solids, which is used for feeding in the vortex combustion chamber is less suitable, it is recommended these coarse solids e.g. B. separated by sieving. A such a separation can also be useful if you have one Part of the incombustible components of the solid mixture want to remove the task into the vortex combustion chamber. Alternatively or in addition it is possible to coarse solids with the Remove bottom ash from the vortex combustion chamber.
  • the vortex combustion chamber (1) of FIG. 1 has a grate (2) in the lower area and a gas distribution chamber (3) underneath.
  • Oxygen-containing fluidizing gas is passed to the chamber (3) z. B. in the form of air or O 2 -enriched air through line (4). Ash can be drawn down through the channel (5).
  • the combustion in the fluidized bed takes place in the fluidized bed combustion chamber at temperatures in the range of 800 to 1400 ° C.
  • the too Processing waste materials are in the line (7) introduced and first in the mixer (8) with hot solids mixed, which are introduced in line (9a).
  • a solid mixture is formed, which with Temperatures in the range of 150 to 650 ° C and preferably at least 200 ° C through the line (10) into the combustion chamber (1) is fed.
  • By combustion in the chamber (1) creates a hot gas-solid mixture, which by the Channel (12) gets into the separator (13).
  • a first part of the Solids get back into the line (9b) Vortex combustion chamber (1), passing through line (9c) beforehand can still remove part of the process.
  • the remaining Solids are removed through line (9a), as already explained, abandoned the mixer (8).
  • the pyrolysis gas formed in the mixer (8) by the smoldering of the waste materials is drawn off in the line (15) and enters a combustion chamber (16), which is supplied with an oxygen-containing gas (air, air enriched with O 2 or through the line (17) technically pure oxygen).
  • a combustion gas with temperatures of 800 to 1500 ° C leaves the combustion chamber (16) through line (18) and is mixed with the hot gas, which leaves the separator (13) in line (14).
  • the further treatment of the gases is first carried out in a waste heat boiler (19), with flying dust being separated, which is drawn off in the line (19a). Chilled gases are fed through line (20) to gas cleaning (30).
  • the combustion gas of line (18) can be passed through a separate waste heat boiler, which is not shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 It is possible to all of the arrangement of FIG. 1 processing waste through line (7) into the mixer (8) feed. Part of the waste to be processed can also be drawn directly through the dashed line Line (7a) in the vortex combustion chamber (1) are given. If one through the line (7a) together with waste or without this ground limestone or cement clinker Combustion chamber (1) supplies, you can generate an ash that for further processing in the building materials or cement industry suitable is.
  • FIG. 1 2 are the same reference numerals for those parts of the plant chosen, their meaning already together is explained with Fig. 1.
  • 2 one gives a part of the are called solids coming from line (9) through the Line (9d) on a known vortex cooler (21).
  • Vortex air is fed through line (22) and fed heated air through the line (22 a) into the combustion chamber (1) a.
  • cooling elements (23) are produced in through indirect heat exchange water vapor. Chilled solids get through the line (9b) at least partially into the Chamber (1).
  • the vortex cooler (21) is not only used for production of water vapor, rather the temperature can also be the chamber (1) are regulated. If necessary, e.g. B. the Walls of the vortex chamber (1) be provided with cooling elements, what but not in the drawing for better clarity is shown. If necessary, secondary air can be passed through the Feed line (4a).
  • the mixer (8) of FIG. 2 is fed through line (7) processing waste, which is called by mixing with Solids from the line (9a) are swelled.
  • educationed Pyrolysis gas can, if it is relatively low in pollutants, by Line (15a) are passed into the chamber (1). That in the Line (10) withdrawn from the mixer (8) solid mixture first reaches a sieve (25), whereby a coarse Fraction obtained, which is withdrawn through line (26). Of the Fine part of the solids is through the line (27) of the chamber (1) abandoned.
  • the Solid fraction of the line (26) z. B. by magnetic separation divided into a combustible and a non-combustible part the combustible substances into the chamber (1) or returns the mixer (8).
  • the process variant of FIG. 1 can also be modified so that one part or all of it Pyrolysis gas from the line (15) directly into the chamber (1) directs.
  • the method of FIG. 2 can also be modified in such a way that that the pyrolysis gas formed in the mixer (8) according to FIG. 1 treated further.
  • pre-sorted municipal residual waste which is fed into the line (7) at a rate of 10 t / h, is turned into a rotating drum ( 8) abandoned with a capacity of 19 m 3 .
  • the residual waste has a lower calorific value of 10.5 MJ / kg and an ash content of 22% by weight.
  • the drum (8) rotates at 4 revolutions / min.
  • the combustion chamber (1) has a volume of 240 m 3 , the solid mixture in line (10) is fed directly to it.
  • the gas flows in different lines are: management 4th 4a 15 a 22 a 12th 20th Quantity (Nm 3 / h) 12,000 20000 6,600 3000 43000 43000 Temperature (° C) 100 100 480 650 900 200
  • the dust accumulating in the line (19a) and in a downstream electrostatic filter is returned to the combustion chamber (1).
  • the gas in line (20) has a NO x content of only 180 mg / m 3 .

Abstract

Fluidising gas containing oxygen is supplied to a turbulent burner (1). A hot mixture of gas and solids with temperatures ranging from 800 to 1400 degrees C is extracted from the top of the turbulent combustion chamber, and conveyed to a separator. At least part of the hot solids separated from the mixture in the separator (13) is fed into a mixer (8) positioned outside the turbulent combustion chamber. Waste materials are supplied to the mixer and mixed with the hot solids to form a solids mixture and pyrolysis gas. At least part of the solids mixture is conveyed into the turbulent combustion chamber and the pyrolysis drawn off.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht.The invention relates to a method for burning Waste materials in the circulating fluidized bed.

Bei den Abfallstoffen kann es sich z. B. um solche kommunalen oder industriellen Ursprungs handeln, auch können flüssige Abfälle, z. B. Altöl oder Schlämme, z. B. Klärschlamm, verarbeitet werden.With the waste materials it can z. B. such municipal or of industrial origin, can also be liquid Waste, e.g. B. waste oil or sludge, e.g. B. sewage sludge, are processed.

Im US-Patent 5 425 317 wird die Vergasung von Abfallstoffen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht beschrieben, wobei ein brennbare Bestandteile enthaltendes Gas entsteht, welches zusammen mit Asche nachverbrannt wird. Aus dem US-Patent 5 159 886 ist die Verbrennung von Kohle in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht bekannt. Hierbei mischt man die gebildete heiße Asche mit einem Teil der körnigen Kohle, um Schwelgas zu erzeugen. Das Schwelgas wird dem Rauchgas der Kohleverbrennung zugemischt, wodurch die Temperatur des Rauchgases erhöht wird, um N2O zu zerstören.US Pat. No. 5,425,317 describes the gasification of waste materials in the circulating fluidized bed, producing a gas containing combustible constituents which is combusted together with ash. The combustion of coal in the circulating fluidized bed is known from US Pat. No. 5,159,886. Here, the hot ash formed is mixed with a portion of the granular coal to produce carbonization gas. The carbonization gas is mixed with the flue gas from the coal combustion, whereby the temperature of the flue gas is increased in order to destroy N 2 O.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, beim eingangs genannten Verfahren auch Abfallstoffe mit relativ großer Stückgröße verarbeiten zu können. Gleichzeitig soll es möglich sein, gebildete oder freigesetzte Schadstoffe in einem Gasstrom separat anzureichern. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß man einer Wirbelbrennkammer sauerstoffhaltiges Fluidisierungsgas zuführt, aus dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelbrennkammer ein heißes Gas-Feststoff-Gemisch mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 800 bis 1400°C abzieht und einem Abscheider zuführt, daß man im Abscheider aus dem Gemisch heiße Feststoffe abtrennt und mindestens einen Teil der abgetrennten Feststoffe in einen außerhalb der Wirbelbrennkammer angeordneten Mischer einspeist, daß man dem Mischer Abfallstoffe zuführt und sie mit den eingespeisten heißen Feststoffen vermischt, wobei ein Feststoffgemisch und Pyrolysegas gebildet werden, und daß man mindestens einen Teil des Feststoffgemisches in die Wirbelbrennkammer leitet und das Pyrolysegas abzieht.The invention is based, at the beginning mentioned processes also waste materials with a relatively large To be able to process piece size. At the same time, it should be possible be, formed or released pollutants in a gas stream to be enriched separately. According to the invention the task is thereby solved that you have a vortex combustion chamber containing oxygen Fluidizing gas feeds from the top of the Vortex combustion chamber using a hot gas-solid mixture Subtracts temperatures in the range of 800 to 1400 ° C and one The separator feeds that the mixture is called hot in the separator Solids separated and at least a part of the separated Solids in an outside of the vortex combustion chamber Mixer feeds that waste materials are fed to the mixer and they are mixed with the hot solids fed, whereby a solid mixture and pyrolysis gas are formed, and that at least a part of the solid mixture in the Vortex combustion chamber conducts and draws off the pyrolysis gas.

Dem Mischer kann man die gesamten Abfallstoffe zuführen, es ist aber auch möglich, nur einen Teil davon dem Mischer aufzugeben und z. B. bis zu 50 Gew.-% der gesamten Abfallstoffe direkt in die Wirbelbrennkammer zu leiten. Im Mischer werden die Abfallstoffe durch das Vermischen mit dem heißen Feststoff erhitzt und dadurch geschwelt. Im entstehenden Schwel- oder Pyrolysegas sind Gase und Dämpfe gemischt, wobei in diesem Pyrolysegas Schadstoffe angereichert werden. Auf diese Weise kann dafür gesorgt werden, daß zumindest ein Teil der Schadstoffe nicht in die Wirbelbrennkammer gelangt, wo sie ansonsten Korrosion hervorrufen könnten.All the waste materials can be fed to the mixer, it is but also possible to give only a part of it to the mixer and Z. B. directly up to 50 wt .-% of the total waste direct the vortex combustion chamber. In the mixer they are Waste by mixing with the hot solid heated and thereby swollen. In the emerging smoldering or Pyrolysis gases are mixed gases and vapors, in this Pyrolysis gas pollutants are enriched. In this way can be ensured that at least part of the Pollutants do not get into the vortex combustion chamber, where they otherwise could cause corrosion.

Der Mischer kann auf verschiedenartige Weise ausgestaltet sein, es kann sich z. B. um einen Trommelmischer, einen Drehrohrmischer, einen Etagenofen, einen Schneckenmischer oder einen Paddelmischer handeln, auch kann man hier heiße und kalte Feststoffströme abwärts rieselnd und sich durchdringend vermischen. Die Temperaturen des im Mischer gebildeten Feststoffgemisches werden üblicherweise im Bereich von 150 bis 650°C liegen.The mixer can be designed in various ways, z. B. a drum mixer, one Rotary tube mixer, a deck oven, a screw mixer or trade a paddle mixer, you can also hot and cold here Solid streams trickling down and penetrating mix. The temperatures of the formed in the mixer Solid mixtures are usually in the range of 150 to 650 ° C.

Um die Schadstoffe im Pyrolysegas möglichst weitgehend unschädlich zu machen, ist es z. B. möglich, das Pyrolysegas mindestens teilweise zu verbrennen. Insbesondere wenn das Pyrolysegas arm an Schadstoffen ist, kann man es auch mindestens teilweise in die Wirbelbrennkammer leiten.To the greatest possible extent to the pollutants in the pyrolysis gas To make it harmless, it is e.g. B. possible, the pyrolysis gas to burn at least partially. Especially if that Pyrolysis gas is low in pollutants, you can at least partly lead into the vortex combustion chamber.

Der Mischer macht es möglich, ihm auch relativ grobe Abfallstoffe zuzuführen, die für das direkte Einspeisen in die Wirbelbrennkammer nicht geeignet sind. Durch die Schwelung im Mischer entsteht nämlich auch ein Zerkleinerungseffekt, deshalb können die dem Mischer zugeführten Abfallstoffe zu mindestens 1 Gew.-% aus Abfallstoffen mit Stückgrößen von mindestens 20 mm bestehen. Ein höherer Anteil dieser relativ groben Abfallstoffe ist ohne weiteres möglich.The mixer makes it possible to make it relatively coarse Add waste materials that are used for direct feeding into the Vortex combustion chambers are not suitable. Due to the smoldering in Mixer also creates a crushing effect, that's why can at least the waste materials fed to the mixer 1% by weight of waste materials with piece sizes of at least 20 mm consist. A higher proportion of this relatively coarse waste is easily possible.

Wenn das im Mischer gebildete Feststoffgemisch einen Anteil an relativ groben Feststoffen enthält, der für das Einspeisen in die Wirbelbrennkammer weniger geeignet ist, empfiehlt es sich, diese groben Feststoffe z. B. durch Sieben abzutrennen. Eine solche Abtrennung kann auch dann sinnvoll sein, wenn man einen Teil der unbrennbaren Bestandteile des Feststoffgemisches vor der Aufgabe in die Wirbelbrennkammer entfernen will. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es aber möglich, grobe Feststoffe mit der Bodenasche aus der Wirbelbrennkammer zu entfernen.If the solid mixture formed in the mixer is a proportion of contains relatively coarse solids, which is used for feeding in the vortex combustion chamber is less suitable, it is recommended these coarse solids e.g. B. separated by sieving. A such a separation can also be useful if you have one Part of the incombustible components of the solid mixture want to remove the task into the vortex combustion chamber. Alternatively or in addition it is possible to coarse solids with the Remove bottom ash from the vortex combustion chamber.

Als Startmaterial für das Wirbelbett in der Wirbelbrennkammer eignet sich neben vorhandener Asche z. B. auch Sand, Zementklinker oder Tonerde. Wenn man dem Wirbelbett gemahlenen Kalkstein mit Korngrößen z. B. im Bereich von 0,01 bis 5 mm zuführt, kann man eine Asche erzeugen, die in der Baustoffindustrie verarbeitet werden kann.As starting material for the fluidized bed in the fluidized bed combustion chamber is suitable in addition to existing ash z. B. also sand, Cement clinker or alumina. If you ground the fluidized bed Limestone with grain sizes e.g. B. in the range of 0.01 to 5 mm feeds, you can create an ash that is in the Building materials industry can be processed.

Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens werden mit Hilfe der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 das Fließschema einer ersten Variante des Verfahrens und
  • Fig. 2 eine zweite Verfahrensvariante.
    • Design options of the method are explained with the aid of the drawing. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 shows the flow diagram of a first variant of the method and
  • Fig. 2 shows a second process variant.

    • Die Wirbelbrennkammer (1) der Fig. 1 weist im unteren Bereich einen Rost (2) und darunter eine Gasverteilkammer (3) auf. Sauerstoffhaltiges Fluidisierungsgas führt man der Kammer (3) z. B. in Form von Luft oder mit O2 angereicherter Luft durch die Leitung (4) zu. Durch den Kanal (5) kann Asche nach unten abgezogen werden.The vortex combustion chamber (1) of FIG. 1 has a grate (2) in the lower area and a gas distribution chamber (3) underneath. Oxygen-containing fluidizing gas is passed to the chamber (3) z. B. in the form of air or O 2 -enriched air through line (4). Ash can be drawn down through the channel (5).

    In der Wirbelbrennkammer erfolgt die Verbrennung im Wirbelbett bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 800 bis 1400°C. Die zu verarbeitenden Abfallstoffe werden in der Leitung (7) herangeführt und zunächst im Mischer (8) mit heißen Feststoffen gemischt, die in der Leitung (9a) herangeführt werden. Im Mischer (8) wird ein Feststoffgemisch gebildet, welches mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 150 bis 650°C und vorzugsweise mindestens 200°C durch die Leitung (10) in die Brennkammer (1) eingespeist wird. Durch die Verbrennung in der Kammer (1) entsteht ein heißes Gas-Feststoff-Gemisch, welches durch den Kanal (12) in den Abscheider (13) gelangt. Dort werden die heißen Feststoffe weitgehend abgetrennt und verlassen den Abscheider (13) durch die Leitung (9). Ein erster Teil der Feststoffe gelangt durch die Leitung (9b) zurück in die Wirbelbrennkammer (1), wobei man durch die Leitung (9c) zuvor noch einen Teil aus dem Verfahren ausschleusen kann. Die übrigen Feststoffe werden durch die Leitung (9a), wie bereits erläutert, dem Mischer (8) aufgegeben.The combustion in the fluidized bed takes place in the fluidized bed combustion chamber at temperatures in the range of 800 to 1400 ° C. The too Processing waste materials are in the line (7) introduced and first in the mixer (8) with hot solids mixed, which are introduced in line (9a). in the Mixer (8) a solid mixture is formed, which with Temperatures in the range of 150 to 650 ° C and preferably at least 200 ° C through the line (10) into the combustion chamber (1) is fed. By combustion in the chamber (1) creates a hot gas-solid mixture, which by the Channel (12) gets into the separator (13). There are the hot solids largely separated and leave the Separator (13) through line (9). A first part of the Solids get back into the line (9b) Vortex combustion chamber (1), passing through line (9c) beforehand can still remove part of the process. The remaining Solids are removed through line (9a), as already explained, abandoned the mixer (8).

    Das im Mischer (8) durch das Schwelen der Abfallstoffe gebildete Pyrolysegas zieht in der Leitung (15) ab und tritt in eine Brennkammer (16) ein, welcher man durch die Leitung (17) sauerstoffhaltiges Gas (Luft, mit O2 angereicherte Luft oder technisch reinen Sauerstoff) zuführt. Ein Verbrennungsgas mit Temperaturen von 800 bis 1500°C verläßt die Brennkammer (16) durch die Leitung (18) und wird dem heißen Gas zugemischt, das den Abscheider (13) in der Leitung (14) verläßt. Die Weiterbehandlung der Gase erfolgt zunächst in einem Abhitzekessel (19), wobei Flugstaub abgeschieden wird, den man in der Leitung (19a) abzieht. Gekühlte Gase werden durch die Leitung (20) einer Gasreinigung (30) zugeführt. Alternativ kann man das Verbrennungsgas der Leitung (18) durch einen separaten Abhitzekessel leiten, was in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist. The pyrolysis gas formed in the mixer (8) by the smoldering of the waste materials is drawn off in the line (15) and enters a combustion chamber (16), which is supplied with an oxygen-containing gas (air, air enriched with O 2 or through the line (17) technically pure oxygen). A combustion gas with temperatures of 800 to 1500 ° C leaves the combustion chamber (16) through line (18) and is mixed with the hot gas, which leaves the separator (13) in line (14). The further treatment of the gases is first carried out in a waste heat boiler (19), with flying dust being separated, which is drawn off in the line (19a). Chilled gases are fed through line (20) to gas cleaning (30). Alternatively, the combustion gas of line (18) can be passed through a separate waste heat boiler, which is not shown in the drawing.

    Es ist möglich, der Anordnung der Fig. 1 sämtliche zu verarbeitende Abfallstoffe durch die Leitung (7) in den Mischer (8) einzuspeisen. Ein Teil der zu verarbeitenden Abfallstoffe kann jedoch auch direkt durch die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Leitung (7a) in die Wirbelbrennkammer (1) gegeben werden. Wenn man durch die Leitung (7a) zusammen mit Abfallstoffen oder auch ohne diese gemahlenen Kalkstein oder Zementklinker der Brennkammer (1) zuführt, kann man eine Asche erzeugen, die für die Weiterverarbeitung in der Baustoff- oder Zementindustrie geeignet ist.It is possible to all of the arrangement of FIG. 1 processing waste through line (7) into the mixer (8) feed. Part of the waste to be processed can also be drawn directly through the dashed line Line (7a) in the vortex combustion chamber (1) are given. If one through the line (7a) together with waste or without this ground limestone or cement clinker Combustion chamber (1) supplies, you can generate an ash that for further processing in the building materials or cement industry suitable is.

    Bei der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2 sind gleiche Bezugsziffern für solche Anlagenteile gewählt, deren Bedeutung bereits zusammen mit Fig. 1 erläutert ist. Gemäß Fig. 2 gibt man einen Teil der heißen Feststoffe, die aus der Leitung (9) kommen, durch die Leitung (9d) einem an sich bekannten Wirbelkühler (21) auf. Wirbelluft führt man durch die Leitung (22) zu und speist die erwärmte Luft durch die Leitung (22 a) in die Brennkammer (1) ein. Im Wirbelkühler (21) erzeugt man in Kühlelementen (23) durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch Wasserdampf. Gekühlte Feststoffe gelangen durch die Leitung (9b) zumindest teilweise in die Kammer (1). Der Wirbelkühler (21) dient nicht nur der Erzeugung von Wasserdampf, vielmehr kann mit ihm auch die Temperatur in der Kammer (1) geregelt werden. Falls nötig, können z. B. die Wände der Wirbelkammer (1) mit Kühlelementen versehen sein, was aber in der Zeichnung der besseren Übersichtlichkeit wegen nicht dargestellt ist. Falls nötif, kann man Sekundärluft durch die Leitung (4a) zuführen.2 are the same reference numerals for those parts of the plant chosen, their meaning already together is explained with Fig. 1. 2 one gives a part of the are called solids coming from line (9) through the Line (9d) on a known vortex cooler (21). Vortex air is fed through line (22) and fed heated air through the line (22 a) into the combustion chamber (1) a. In the vortex cooler (21), cooling elements (23) are produced in through indirect heat exchange water vapor. Chilled solids get through the line (9b) at least partially into the Chamber (1). The vortex cooler (21) is not only used for production of water vapor, rather the temperature can also be the chamber (1) are regulated. If necessary, e.g. B. the Walls of the vortex chamber (1) be provided with cooling elements, what but not in the drawing for better clarity is shown. If necessary, secondary air can be passed through the Feed line (4a).

    Dem Mischer (8) der Fig. 2 führt man durch die Leitung (7) zu verarbeitende Abfallstoffe zu, die durch Vermischen mit heißen Feststoffen aus der Leitung (9a) geschwelt werden. Gebildetes Pyrolysegas kann, wenn es relativ schadstoffarm ist, durch die Leitung (15a) in die Kammer (1) geleitet werden. Das in der Leitung (10) aus dem Mischer (8) abgezogene Feststoffgemisch gelangt zunächst zu einem Sieb (25), wobei man eine grobe Fraktion erhält, die man durch die Leitung (26) abzieht. Der Feinanteil der Feststoffe wird durch die Leitung (27) der Kammer (1) aufgegeben. In nicht dargestellter Weise kann die Feststofffraktion der Leitung (26) z. B. durch Magnetscheidung in einen brennbaren und einen nicht brennbaren Anteil geteilt werden, wobei man die brennbaren Substanzen in die Kammer (1) oder den Mischer (8) zurückführt.The mixer (8) of FIG. 2 is fed through line (7) processing waste, which is called by mixing with Solids from the line (9a) are swelled. Educated Pyrolysis gas can, if it is relatively low in pollutants, by Line (15a) are passed into the chamber (1). That in the Line (10) withdrawn from the mixer (8) solid mixture first reaches a sieve (25), whereby a coarse Fraction obtained, which is withdrawn through line (26). Of the Fine part of the solids is through the line (27) of the chamber (1) abandoned. In a manner not shown, the Solid fraction of the line (26) z. B. by magnetic separation divided into a combustible and a non-combustible part the combustible substances into the chamber (1) or returns the mixer (8).

    Es ist ersichtlich, daß man die Verfahrensvariante der Fig. 1 auch so abwandeln kann, daß man einen Teil oder das gesamte Pyrolysegas aus der Leitung (15) direkt in die Kammer (1) leitet. Auch kann man das Verfahren der Fig. 2 so modifizieren, daß man das im Mischer (8) gebildete Pyrolysegas gemäß Fig. 1 weiterbehandelt.It can be seen that the process variant of FIG. 1 can also be modified so that one part or all of it Pyrolysis gas from the line (15) directly into the chamber (1) directs. The method of FIG. 2 can also be modified in such a way that that the pyrolysis gas formed in the mixer (8) according to FIG. 1 treated further.

    Beispiel:Example:

    In einer Anlage gemäß Fig.2, aber ohne die Teile mit den Bezugsziffern (7a) und (25), wird vorsortierter kommunaler Restmüll, der in einer Menge von 10 t/h in der Leitung (7) herangeführt wird, einer rotierenden Trommel (8) mit einem Fasungsvermögen von 19 m3 aufgegeben. Der Restmüll hat einen unteren Heizwert von 10,5 MJ/kg und einen Ascheanteil von 22 Gew.%. Die Trommel (8) rotiert mit 4 Umdrehungen/min. In a system according to FIG. 2, but without the parts with the reference numbers (7a) and (25), pre-sorted municipal residual waste, which is fed into the line (7) at a rate of 10 t / h, is turned into a rotating drum ( 8) abandoned with a capacity of 19 m 3 . The residual waste has a lower calorific value of 10.5 MJ / kg and an ash content of 22% by weight. The drum (8) rotates at 4 revolutions / min.

    Die Feststoffmengen und deren Temperaturen in verschiedenenen Leitungen sind folgende: Leitung 9 9a 9c 9d 10 5 Menge t/h 600 60 1,2 540 4 1 Temperatur °C 900 900 650 900 480 860 The amounts of solids and their temperatures in various lines are as follows: management 9 9a 9c 9d 10th 5 Amount t / h 600 60 1.2 540 4th 1 Temperature ° C 900 900 650 900 480 860

    Die Brennkammer (1) hat ein Volumen von 240 m3, das Feststoffgemisch in der Leitung (10) wird ihr direkt zugeführt. Die Gasströme in verschiedenen Leitungen sind: Leitung 4 4a 15 a 22 a 12 20 Menge (Nm3/h) 12000 20000 6.600 3000 43000 43000 Temperatur (°C) 100 100 480 650 900 200 The combustion chamber (1) has a volume of 240 m 3 , the solid mixture in line (10) is fed directly to it. The gas flows in different lines are: management 4th 4a 15 a 22 a 12th 20th Quantity (Nm 3 / h) 12,000 20000 6,600 3000 43000 43000 Temperature (° C) 100 100 480 650 900 200

    Der in der Leitung (19a) und in einem nachgeschalteten Elektrofilter anfallende Staub wird in die Brennkammer (1) zurückgeführt. Das Gas der Leitung (20) hat einen NOX-Gehalt von nur 180 mg/m3.The dust accumulating in the line (19a) and in a downstream electrostatic filter is returned to the combustion chamber (1). The gas in line (20) has a NO x content of only 180 mg / m 3 .

    Claims (8)

    Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einer Wirbelbrennkammer sauerstoffhaltiges Fluidisierungsgas zuführt, aus dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelbrennkammer ein heißes Gas-Feststoff-Gemisch mit Temperaturen im Bereich von 800 bis 1400°C abzieht und einem Abscheider zuführt, daß man im Abscheider aus dem Gemisch heiße Feststoffe abtrennt und mindestens einen Teil der abgetrennten Feststoffe in einen außerhalb der Wirbelbrennkammer angeordneten Mischer einspeist, daß man dem Mischer Abfallstoffe zuführt und sie mit den eingespeisten heißen Feststoffen vermischt, wobei ein Feststoffgemisch und Pyrolysegas gebildet werden, und daß man mindestens einen Teil des Feststoffgemisches in die Wirbelbrennkammer leitet und das Pyrolysegas abzieht.Process for burning waste materials in the circulating fluidized bed, characterized in that one a fluidized gas in a swirl combustion chamber feeds from the top of the vortex combustion chamber hot gas-solid mixture with temperatures in the range of Subtracts 800 to 1400 ° C and feeds a separator that one separates hot solids from the mixture in the separator and at least part of the separated solids into one mixer arranged outside the vortex combustion chamber feeds that one feeds waste material to the mixer and it mixed with the hot solids fed, whereby a Solid mixture and pyrolysis gas are formed, and that one at least part of the solid mixture in the Vortex combustion chamber conducts and draws off the pyrolysis gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Anteil von 0 bis 50 Gew.-% der gesamten Abfallstoffe direkt in die Wirbelbrennkammer leitet.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a share of 0 to 50 wt .-% of the total waste leads directly into the vortex combustion chamber. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das aus dem Mischer abgezogene Pyrolysegas in einer separaten Brennkammer mindestens teilweise verbrennt.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas drawn off from the mixer in one separate combustion chamber burns at least partially. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das aus dem Mischer abgezogene Pyrolysegas mindestens teilweise in die Wirbelbrennkammer leitet. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the withdrawn from the mixer Pyrolysis gas at least partially into the vortex combustion chamber directs. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man aus dem im Mischer gebildeten Feststoffgemisch einen unbrennbare Bestandteile enthaltenden Anteil abtrennt und mindestens einen Teil des verbleibenden Feststoffgemisches der Wirbelbrennkammer aufgibt.Method according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized characterized in that from the formed in the mixer Solid mixture containing an incombustible constituent Part separates and at least part of the remaining Solid mixture of the vortex combustion chamber gives up. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dem Mischer zugeführten Abfallstoffe zu mindestens 1 Gew.-% aus Abfallstoffen mit Stückgrößen von mindestens 20 mm bestehen.Method according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized characterized in that the waste materials fed to the mixer at least 1% by weight of waste with piece sizes of at least 20 mm. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der aus dem Abscheider abgezogenen heißen Feststoffe in einem Kühler durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch gekühlt wird.Method according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized characterized that part of that from the separator withdrawn hot solids in a cooler indirect heat exchange is cooled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man der Wirbelbrennkammer gemahlenen Zementklinker, Kalkstein, Tonerde oder Sand aufgibt.Method according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized characterized in that the ground vortex combustion chamber Cement clinker, limestone, clay or sand.
    EP98101663A 1997-04-09 1998-01-31 Incineration process for waste in a circulating fluidized bed Withdrawn EP0870985A3 (en)

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