EP0869273A2 - Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel - Google Patents

Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0869273A2
EP0869273A2 EP98102870A EP98102870A EP0869273A2 EP 0869273 A2 EP0869273 A2 EP 0869273A2 EP 98102870 A EP98102870 A EP 98102870A EP 98102870 A EP98102870 A EP 98102870A EP 0869273 A2 EP0869273 A2 EP 0869273A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
low
boiling
fraction
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98102870A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0869273A3 (en
Inventor
Carsten Dr.Rer.Nat. Plog
Thomas Stengel
Renato Dr.Rer.Nat. Andorf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier GmbH
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Dornier GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP0869273A2 publication Critical patent/EP0869273A2/en
Publication of EP0869273A3 publication Critical patent/EP0869273A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
    • F02M1/16—Other means for enriching fuel-air mixture during starting; Priming cups; using different fuels for starting and normal operation
    • F02M1/165—Vaporizing light fractions from the fuel and condensing them for use during starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M33/00—Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fractionating motor fuel on board a motor vehicle.
  • the object of the invention is a method for separating a low-boiling Fuel fraction from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle to create, for its implementation only a small volume and a low building weight is required.
  • the required low-boiling Fuel fraction already available when the vehicle is started stand.
  • the invention solves the above object by fractionating the fuel by means of a gas feed pump by vacuum evaporation with subsequent Pressure condensation takes place.
  • the process can be done at ambient temperature be carried out. There is no additional heat or heat dissipation needed.
  • the separated low-boiling fuel fraction is particularly suitable as Motor fuel, with a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions can be reached during the cold start phase of the engine.
  • the separated low-boiling fuel fraction can be used as a reducing agent used for denitrification catalysts in lean engine exhaust will.
  • the fractionation of the fuel can both from the fuel tank of the motor vehicle or from an additional intermediate container respectively.
  • the higher boiling remaining after the separation Fraction in suitable engine operating phases as engine fuel be used.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable on the basis of the advantages mentioned for use in all mobile systems, such as passenger and commercial vehicles.
  • the equipment required to carry out the method is low. On complex Components such as evaporators can be omitted. Hence can Construction volume and weight can be kept small.
  • Another important advantage of the method according to the invention is in that the desired fuel fraction due to the available in the motor vehicle electrical power to operate the gas feed pump immediately at Start of the engine can be provided.
  • the need for one is eliminated Storage tanks for the obtained fuel fraction.
  • the method according to the invention can in particular at ambient temperature be carried out.
  • the suction side of the gas feed pump can also be heated and / or the pressure side of the gas feed pump are cooled.
  • Fig. 2 shows the composition of a with the inventive method obtained low-boiling fuel fraction (hatched bars) in the Comparison of the composition of the starting fuel before separation.
  • the boiling points of the individual components are given in brackets.
  • the pressure on the suction side was 100 to 300 mbar, on the pressure side 1 to 2 bar. 2 shows, low-boiling components highly enriched, while higher-boiling fuel components (including aromatics) are almost no longer included.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

The method is for separation of the low-boiling fuel portion on board a motor vehicle. A gas feed pump is used to pump out a fuel tank and generate a underpressure, so that the components of the fuel fraction to be separated are evaporated. This is followed by condensation of the fraction component on the pressure side of the pump. The underpressure is lower than 1 bar, and the pressure on the pressure side during condensation is higher than 1 bar. The pump is a diaphragm pump, and the fuel is for a diesel- or kerosine-powered engine. The fractioned components are used directly in the engine combustion, or are stored in a reservoir chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Fraktionierung von motorischem Kraftstoff an Bord eines Kraftfahrzeugs.The invention relates to a method for fractionating motor fuel on board a motor vehicle.

An Bord eines mit Verbrennungsmotor betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs werden für spezielle Anwendungen bestimmte Fraktionen des handelsüblichen, motorischen Kraftstoffs benötigt. Es ist z.B. bekannt, daß die Verwendung von niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktionen in der Kaltstartphase bei Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotoren zu einer Absenkung der Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen führt.On board a motor vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, for special applications certain fractions of commercial, motor Fuel needed. It is e.g. known to use low-boiling Fuel fractions in the cold start phase in vehicles with petrol engines leads to a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung einer niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion aus einem motorischen Kraftstoff an Bord eines Kraftfahrzeugs zu schaffen, für dessen Durchführung nur ein geringes Bauvolumen und ein geringes Baugewicht benötigt wird. Darüberhinaus soll die benötigte niedersiedende Kraftstofffraktion bereits beim Start des Fahrzeugs zur Verfügung stehen.The object of the invention is a method for separating a low-boiling Fuel fraction from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle to create, for its implementation only a small volume and a low building weight is required. In addition, the required low-boiling Fuel fraction already available when the vehicle is started stand.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand weiterer Ansprüche. This object is achieved with the method according to claim 1. Beneficial Embodiments of the invention are the subject of further claims.

Die Erfindung löst obengenannte Aufgabe, indem die Fraktionierung des Kraftstoffes mittels einer Gasförderpumpe durch Vakuumverdampfung mit nachfolgender Druckkondensation erfolgt. Das Verfahren kann bei Umgebungstemperatur ausgeführt werden. Es wird keine zusätzliche Wärmezufuhr oder Wärmeabfuhr benötigt.The invention solves the above object by fractionating the fuel by means of a gas feed pump by vacuum evaporation with subsequent Pressure condensation takes place. The process can be done at ambient temperature be carried out. There is no additional heat or heat dissipation needed.

Die abgetrennte niedersiedende Kraftstofffraktion eignet sich insbesondere als Motorkraftstoff, mit dem eine Absenkung der Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen während der Kaltstartphase des Motors erreicht werden kann.The separated low-boiling fuel fraction is particularly suitable as Motor fuel, with a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions can be reached during the cold start phase of the engine.

Darüberhinaus kann die abgetrennte niedersiedende Kraftstofffraktion als Reduktionsmittel für Entstickungskatalysatoren im mageren Motorabgas genutzt werden.In addition, the separated low-boiling fuel fraction can be used as a reducing agent used for denitrification catalysts in lean engine exhaust will.

Die Fraktionierung des Kraftstoffs kann sowohl aus dem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter des Kraftfahrzeugs oder aus einem zusätzlich vorhandenen Zwischenbehälter erfolgen. Im zweiten Fall kann die nach der Trennung verbleibende, höhersiedende Fraktion in dafür geeigneten Motorbetriebsphasen als Motorkraftstoff eingesetzt werden.The fractionation of the fuel can both from the fuel tank of the motor vehicle or from an additional intermediate container respectively. In the second case, the higher boiling remaining after the separation Fraction in suitable engine operating phases as engine fuel be used.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich aufgrund der genannten Vorteile für den Einsatz in allen mobilen Systemen, wie Personen- und Nutzfahrzeuge.The method according to the invention is suitable on the basis of the advantages mentioned for use in all mobile systems, such as passenger and commercial vehicles.

Der apparative Aufwand zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist gering. Auf komplexe Komponenten wie Verdampfer kann verzichtet werden. Folglich können Bauvolumen und Baugewicht klein gehalten werden. The equipment required to carry out the method is low. On complex Components such as evaporators can be omitted. Hence can Construction volume and weight can be kept small.

Niedrigstsiedende Verbindungen wie beispielsweise Butan, die bei der Destillation nur mit sehr starker Kühlung (<0° C) kondensiert werden können, können über das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand gewonnen werden.Lowest boiling compounds such as butane used in the distillation can only be condensed with very strong cooling (<0 ° C) about the inventive method with comparatively little effort be won.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß die angestrebte Kraftstofffraktion aufgrund der im Kraftfahrzeug verfügbaren elektrischen Leistung zum Betrieb der Gasförderpumpe sofort beim Start des Motors bereitgestellt werden kann. Es entfällt die Notwendigkeit eines Vorratstanks für die gewonnene Kraftstofffraktion.Another important advantage of the method according to the invention is in that the desired fuel fraction due to the available in the motor vehicle electrical power to operate the gas feed pump immediately at Start of the engine can be provided. The need for one is eliminated Storage tanks for the obtained fuel fraction.

Durch ständiges Absaugen der Gasphase aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter werden Verdampfungsverluste weitgehend vermieden. Dadurch werden die Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter gesenkt und der Wirkungsgrad des Kraftfahrzeugs erhöht.By constantly sucking the gas phase out of the fuel tank Evaporation losses largely avoided. This will reduce the hydrocarbon emissions lowered from the fuel tank and efficiency of the motor vehicle increased.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Fig. näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung zum Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm zur Zusammensetzung einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen gewonnenen niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of the sequence of the method according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a diagram of the composition of a obtained with the low-boiling fuel fraction according to the invention.

Der Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird in Fig. 1 näher erläutert. Im Kraftstoffbehälter erfolgt über den durch die Gasförderpumpe erzeugten Unterdruck (Psaug) die Verdampfung der niedersiedenden Komponenten. Auf der Druckseite der Pumpe werden diese durch den höheren Druck (Pdruck) wieder kondensiert. Je nach Pumpentyp kann über die Auslegung der Pumpe (Druck auf Saug- und Druckseite) der gewünschte Siedebereich der zu gewinnenden niedersiedenden Fraktion sowie über die Pumpenleistung die erforderliche Fraktionierungszeit eingestellt werden. Als besonders geeignet erwiesen sich Vakuummembranpumpen, die wartungsfrei (ölfrei) arbeiten, eine hohe Lebensdauer haben und unempfindlich gegen in der Pumpe kondensierende Medien sind. Auch der elektrische Leistungsbedarf einer solchen Membranpumpe ist gering (<200 W).The sequence of the method according to the invention is explained in more detail in FIG. 1. The evaporation of the low-boiling components takes place in the fuel tank via the negative pressure (P suction ) generated by the gas feed pump . On the pressure side of the pump, these are condensed again by the higher pressure (P pressure ). Depending on the pump type, the desired boiling range of the low-boiling fraction to be obtained and the required fractionation time can be set via the pump design (pressure on the suction and pressure side). Vacuum diaphragm pumps that are maintenance-free (oil-free), have a long service life and are insensitive to media condensing in the pump have proven to be particularly suitable. The electrical power requirement of such a diaphragm pump is also low (<200 W).

Bevorzugte Werte für Psaug und Pdruck sind:

  • Psaug < 1 bar, insbesondere Psaug < 300 mbar;
  • Pdruck > 1 bar, insbesondere 1bar < Pdruck ≤ 2 bar.
    • Preferred values for P suction and P pressure are:
  • P suction <1 bar, in particular P suction <300 mbar;
  • P pressure > 1 bar, in particular 1bar <P pressure ≤ 2 bar.

    • Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann insbesondere bei Umgebungstemperatur ausgeführt werden. Zur Erhöhung der Fraktionierungsgeschwindigkeit kann jedoch auch die Saugseite der Gasförderpumpe beheizt werden und/oder die Druckseite der Gasförderpumpe gekühlt werden.The method according to the invention can in particular at ambient temperature be carried out. To increase the fractionation speed However, the suction side of the gas feed pump can also be heated and / or the pressure side of the gas feed pump are cooled.

    Fig. 2 zeigt die Zusammensetzung einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gewonnenen niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion (schraffierte Balken) im Vergleich zur Zusammensetzung des Ausgangskraftstoffs vor der Abtrennung. Die Siedepunkte der einzelnen Komponenten sind jeweils in Klammern angegeben. Der Druck auf der Saugseite betrug 100 bis 300 mbar, auf der Druckseite 1 bis 2 bar. Wie die Fig. 2 zeigt, werden niedersiedende Komponenten stark angereichert, während höhersiedende Kraftstoffkomponenten (u.a. Aromaten) nahezu nicht mehr enthalten sind.Fig. 2 shows the composition of a with the inventive method obtained low-boiling fuel fraction (hatched bars) in the Comparison of the composition of the starting fuel before separation. The boiling points of the individual components are given in brackets. The pressure on the suction side was 100 to 300 mbar, on the pressure side 1 to 2 bar. 2 shows, low-boiling components highly enriched, while higher-boiling fuel components (including aromatics) are almost no longer included.

    Claims (11)

    Verfahren zur Abtrennung einer niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion aus einem motorischen Kraftstoff an Bord eines Kraftfahrzeugs, umfassend die Verfahrensschritte Abpumpen des Kraftstoffbehälters mit einer Gasförderpumpe zur Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks, bei dem die Komponenten der abzutrennenden niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion verdampft werden, Kondensation der Komponenten der niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion auf der Druckseite der Gasförderpumpe. Method for separating a low-boiling fuel fraction from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle, comprising the method steps Pumping off the fuel tank with a gas feed pump to generate a negative pressure in which the components of the low-boiling fuel fraction to be separated are evaporated, Condensation of the components of the low-boiling fuel fraction on the pressure side of the gas feed pump. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Unterdruck bei der Verdampfung der Komponenten der niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion kleiner 1 bar gewählt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative pressure in the evaporation of the components of the low-boiling fuel fraction is chosen to be less than 1 bar. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck auf der Druckseite der Gasförderpumpe bei der Kondensation der Komponenten der niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion größer 1 bar gewählt wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure on the pressure side of the gas feed pump is selected to be greater than 1 bar when the components of the low-boiling fuel fraction are condensed. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gasförderpumpe eine Membranpumpe ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas delivery pump is a diaphragm pump. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftstoff ein Otto- oder Dieselkraftstoff oder Kerosin ist. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel is a petrol or diesel fuel or kerosene. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Komponenten der niedersiedenden Kraftstofffraktion direkt für die motorische Verbrennung genutzt oder in einem Vorratsbehälter aufgefangen werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components of the low-boiling fuel fraction are used directly for engine combustion or are collected in a storage container. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftstoffbehälter der Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter des Kraftfahrzeugs ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel tank is the fuel tank of the motor vehicle. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftstoffbehälter ein Zwischenbehälter ist, der zusätzlich zum Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter des Kraftfahrzeugs vorhanden ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel tank is an intermediate tank which is provided in addition to the fuel tank of the motor vehicle. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die niedersiedende Kraftstofffraktion als Kraftstoff für die Kaltstartphase des Motors genutzt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the low-boiling fuel fraction is used as fuel for the cold start phase of the engine. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die niedersiedende Kraftstofffraktion als Reduktionsmittel für Entstickungskatalysatoren im mageren Abgas genutzt wird.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the low-boiling fuel fraction is used as a reducing agent for denitrification catalysts in the lean exhaust gas. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im Kraftstoffbehälter verbleibende höhersiedende Kraftstofffraktion für Vollastphasen mit hoher Motorkompression genutzt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the higher-boiling fuel fraction remaining in the fuel tank is used for full-load phases with high engine compression.
    EP98102870A 1997-04-04 1998-02-19 Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel Withdrawn EP0869273A3 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19713841A DE19713841C1 (en) 1997-04-04 1997-04-04 Process for on-board fractionation of motor fuel
    DE19713841 1997-04-04

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0869273A2 true EP0869273A2 (en) 1998-10-07
    EP0869273A3 EP0869273A3 (en) 1999-06-16

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    EP98102870A Withdrawn EP0869273A3 (en) 1997-04-04 1998-02-19 Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel

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    US (1) US5996562A (en)
    EP (1) EP0869273A3 (en)
    DE (1) DE19713841C1 (en)

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    FR2799201A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Process for the separation of sulfur-free components from motor fuels for applications in mobile systems such as touring coaches and utility vehicles

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    DE19845396C2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2002-07-18 Daimler Chrysler Ag Method for separating a low-sulfur fuel fraction from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle
    DE19927177C1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-07-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Fuel fractionating device for separating of low boiling fuel fractions has a carrier gas feed which feeds a carrier gas into the flowing fuel
    DE19927174C1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-10-12 Daimler Chrysler Ag Fuel supply system for automobile engine has liquid and gas fuel phases mixed together in variable ratio dependent on engine operating characteristics
    US6318345B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2001-11-20 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Purge vapor start feature
    DE10255450A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-09 Daimlerchrysler Ag Lubricating internal combustion engine involves feeding lubricant to parts to be lubricated during starting phase with added fuel of mainly low boiling point components obtained by fractionating fuel
    FR2848255B1 (en) 2002-11-29 2006-04-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert VEHICLE COMPRISING A DEVICE FOR SEPARATING DIFFERENT FUEL COMPONENTS FROM A FUEL MIXTURE
    DE10305660A1 (en) 2003-02-12 2004-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vehicle, e.g. automobile, has arrangement for separating individual, especially low boiling point fuel components from liquid fuel mixture, gas transport arrangement upstream of mixing element
    US20070137601A1 (en) * 2003-08-05 2007-06-21 Stanglmaier Rudolf H Improved driveability and reduced emissions during engine start-up
    CN109789343B (en) 2016-07-11 2021-09-07 特拉普里莫里斯控股公司 Method for aerating flammable liquids to extract flammable vapors

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0869273A3 (en) 1999-06-16
    DE19713841C1 (en) 1998-11-12
    US5996562A (en) 1999-12-07

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