Definitions

• the present invention relates to sustained-release pharmaceutical carriers, particularly to pharmaceutical carriers formulated to provide for the reliable sustained- release of highly water soluble pharmaceutical agents.
• Water soluble compounds are those molecules that require 30 or less parts of water (solvent) to dissolve one part of drug (solute) .
• solvent solvent
• freely soluble to mean from 1 to 10 parts solvent to dissolve one part solute
• very soluble to mean that less than one part solvent is needed to fully dissolve one part solute.
• all freely and very soluble compounds can benefit from this drug delivery system.
• those drugs that are either very soluble or approach "very soluble” are especially suitable for this invention.
• selegiline hydrochloride a type B-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. It is indicated as an adjunct in the management of Parkinson's disease patients being treated with levodopa/carbidopa.
• Selegiline (formerly called L- deprenyl) is (R)-(-)-N, 2-dimethyl-N-2-propynyl- phenethylamine.
• the hydrochloride salt is marketed as an immediate-release (IR) tablet in the United States as EldeprylTM (Somerset Pharmaceuticals) and internationally as Jurnex.
• the free-base is internationally marketed as Eldeprine, and Movergan.
• Selegiline hydrochloride (EldeprylTM) a highly potent, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, was developed in 1964 as a "psychic energizer" by Dr. Knoll in Hungary (Knoll et al. , 1968, 1983, 1989) .
• Selegiline is rapidly absorbed, with maximum blood levels reached at 1 hour after oral administration (Elsworth et al . , 1978) . Its average plasma half-life is approximately 40 hours. A dose of 5 mg inhibits 90 to 100% platelet MAO-type B activity, and 10 mg inhibits 100%. After stopping the drug, activity is inhibited greater than 50% at 1 week and does not return to normal until 2 to 3 weeks (Maitre et al., 1976) . Selegiline readily enters the brain, but a dose of 10 mg does not appear to completely inhibit brain MAO-type B (Golbe et al. , 1988) .
• the mean trough serum levels for amphetamine were 3.5 ng/ml and 8.0 ng/ml for methamphetamine; trough levels of N-desmethyl selegiline were below levels of detection (Eldepryl TM Package Insert, 1991; Magyar and Tothfalusi, 1984) . Heinonen and colleagues measured mean concentration levels of metabolites in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 21 patients on continuous selegiline therapy for an average of 23 months.
• CSF cerebrospinal fluid
• drugs that are contemplated include, but are not limited to: bleomycin sulfate, captopril, chlorpheniramine maleate, chlorpromazine HCl, clindamycin HCl, codeine phosphate, colistin sulfate, cytarabine, diltiazem HCl, ephedrine sulfate, meperidine HCl, nadolol, procainamide HCl, tetracaine HCl, thiamine HCl and tobramycin.
• a sustained-release pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent in a pharmaceutical carrier comprising a hydrophilic polymer dispersed in a hydrophobic matrix.
• a hydrophilic microenvironment is created in a hydrophobic matrix by incorporating hydrophilic polymers within a hydrophobic matrix.
• Hydrophilic polymers that are useful in the invention include , but are not limited to hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) , hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) , hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) , carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or other cellulose ethers, or acrylic acid derivatives such as polyacrylic acid, Carbopol 934P(B.F.
• Hydrophobic, or lipophilic, components that are useful in the invention include, but are not limited to, glyceryl monstearate, mixtures of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate (Myvaplex, Eastman Fine Chemical Company) , glycerylmonooleate, a mixture of mono, di and tri ⁇ glycerides (ATMUL 84S) , glycerylmonolaurate, paraffin, white wax, long chain carboxylic acids, long chain carboxylic acid esters and long chain carboxylic acid alcohols.
• the long chain carboxylic acids generally contain from 6-30 carbon atoms and preferably contains at least 12 carbon atoms, most preferably 12 to 22. In some cases this carbon chain is fully saturated and unbranched, while others contain one or more double bonds. A few contain 3- carbon rings or hydroxyl groups.
• saturated straight chain acids are n-dodecanoic acid, n-tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, montanic acid and melissic acid. Also useful are unsaturated monoolefinic straight chain monocarboxylic acids.
• oleic acid examples include oleic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid.
• unsaturated (polyolefinic) straight chain monocaboxyic acids examples of these are linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and behenolic acid.
• Useful branched acids include, for example, diacetyl tartaric acid.
• long chain carboxylic acid esters include, but are not limited to, those from the group of: glyceryl monostearates; glyceryl monopalmitates,- mixtures of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate (Myvaplex 600, Eastman Fine Chemical Company); glyceryl monolinoleate; glyceryl monooleate,- mixtures of glyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monostearate glyceryl monooleate and glyceryl monolinoleate (Myverol 18-92, Eastman Fine Chemical Company) ; glyceryl monolinolenate; glyceryl monogadoleate; mixtures of glyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate and glyceryl monogadoleate (Myve
• the alcohols useful in the invention are exemplified by the hydroxyl forms of the carboxylic acids exemplified above and also cetearyl alcohol .
• waxes can be useful alone or preferably in combination with the materials listed above. Examples of these are white wax, paraffin and carnauba wax.
• a binder can optionally be added to enhance the interaction of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and to facilitate achieving the proper microenvironment to control the release of the highly soluble pharmaceutical agents .
• This binder binds the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions together while causing hydrophilic channels within the hydrophobic matrix.
• Acacia is preferred among possible binders, but corn starch paste, modified or pre-gelatinized starches (STARCH 1500 and NATIONAL 1551) and dextrose, as well as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) , hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) , or elthylcellulose (EC) can also be used.
• HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
• HPC hydroxypropylcellulose
• HPC hydroxypropylcellulose
• EC elthylcellulose
• gum arabic, tragacanth, and guar gum can be used in this regard.
• the binder preferably has multiple hydroxyl sites on its molecular structure in order to facilitate the appropriate hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction necessary to maintain a suitable microenvironment to control and facilitate the sustained release of the pharmaceutical agent.
• the binder does not need to have as many hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. If the hydrophobic material is not wetted by water, the binder should have significant amounts of hydroxyl groups, and should possess substantial surface-active properties.
• Example 1 Sustained Release Selegiline Formulation Tablets
• Example 4 Comparative N-Desmethylselegiline Plasma Level Profiles Tablets were made to contain the components listed in Example 3 by two approaches (Formula A and Formula B) .
• the difference between formula A and formula B is that formula B was processed by wet granulation, while formula A was produced using direct compression, a dry process.
• EldeprylTM (5 mg tablets) was purchased.
• Figure 1 shows the mean plasma profiles for n- desmethylselegiline concentrations (nanogram per ml of plasma) . As can be seen from this figure, a very sensitive relationship exists between in vi tro release rate and in vivo performance. Formula B has the more desirable performance for a once a day selegiline SR tablet .
• Heinonen E.H., Myllyla, V., Sotaniemi, K. , Lammintausta, R. , Salonen, J.S., Anttila, M., Savijarvi, M. , Kotila, M., Rinne, U.K., Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Selegiline, Acta Neurol Scand. , 126:93-99, 1989.

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• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-11-30 EP EP95943632A patent/EP0868173A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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