EP0867905A2 - Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0867905A2 EP0867905A2 EP98104333A EP98104333A EP0867905A2 EP 0867905 A2 EP0867905 A2 EP 0867905A2 EP 98104333 A EP98104333 A EP 98104333A EP 98104333 A EP98104333 A EP 98104333A EP 0867905 A2 EP0867905 A2 EP 0867905A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- excitation
- armature
- contact
- current
- relay arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
Definitions
- Relays are used in electrical engineering to implement switching operations widely used, especially for controlling loads such as motors, Lamps, valves etc.
- Usual relays consist of a magnetic one Circle with a coil wound on a core made of magnetically conductive material Magnetic coil (excitation coil), with a magnetic yoke, and with an anchor held by a spring (e.g. a metal spring) and from a contact set with contacts (e.g. a work contact, a Changeover contact and a break contact) and with contact elements.
- a spring e.g. a metal spring
- the respective switching state in particular the state of rest assumed without excitement and that when reached the response threshold assumed by the control
- the excitation coil and its effect on the contact set depending on the current strength of the excitation current through the excitation coil a magnetic field is generated in the magnetic circuit, which is a movement of the contacts of the contact set, whereby at the output of the Relay (e.g. for type control of the load connected there) a certain one Output signal (an alternating function) is generated.
- Example is with the mentioned Get in touch with the contacts work contact, changeover contact and normally closed contact in the idle state (no current flow in the excitation coil) the changeover contact connected to the normally closed contact; through a (excitation) current in the excitation coil (this exerts a certain force on the armature) the changeover contact moves away from the break contact and when crossing a certain current of the excitation current (at the response threshold of the relay) the changeover contact is pulled onto the make contact.
- relay arrangements can be made up of two with each other interconnected relays with change function can be used.
- the magnetic circuit and / or the set of contacts can be assigned to both relays together: usually is a magnetic circuit consisting of two independently controllable Excitation coils, a common yoke and one between the two Excitation coils of unstable armatures are provided; in the already mentioned Contact set can also (in addition to the two changeover contacts and the two work contacts) a common break contact can be provided.
- the contact elements of the Contact set actuated and thereby the desired switching behavior on Output of the relay arrangement (polarity change of the output signal) realized;
- E.g. can the working contacts by means of two each with one Contact springs connected to the changeover contact are "closed” (with the changeover contact).
- Advantageous with this relay arrangement with stored anchor is that space, manufacturing costs and thus manufacturing costs are minimized.
- the disadvantage is that the unstable armature is at rest (no current flow in the two Excitation coils, the armature is spring-loaded by the two excitation coils rattling noises under external acceleration influences causes that have a disruptive effect in many applications (e.g. in the interior of a motor vehicle in the electrical actuation of window regulators, Seat adjustment, sunroof etc.).
- the invention has for its object a method according to the preamble of claim 1 specify that the noise reduction in a simple manner the relay arrangement in the idle state.
- the unstable armature of the relay arrangement a play-free preference in the idle state to reduce noise imprinted without mechanical means; this play-free preference in the idle state the relay arrangement is forced by a defined minor electromagnetic excitation of the magnetic circuit is generated that one of the two excitation coils with a certain slight (idle) excitation current is applied and thereby a slight force on the armature and thus on at least one contact element of the contact set (e.g. on a contact spring) (i.e. a slight hibernation anchor force, e.g. a slight spring force, is produced).
- a contact element of the contact set e.g. on a contact spring
- the electromagnetic excitation of the magnetic circuit (and thus the Idle state excitation current through one of the two excitation coils) in idle state the relay arrangement is chosen so that the resultant effective idle state anchor force on the at least one contact element of the contact set (e.g. on a contact spring) on the one hand a noise development with external acceleration influences (i.e. with mechanical excitation) reliably prevented, but on the other hand that between contacts the contact set (e.g. between the normally closed contact and the changeover contact) effective contact force is reduced only to a small extent; i.e.
- the quiescent excitation current is chosen so that the quiescent armature force on the one hand is large enough to rattle the anchor external acceleration influences (with mechanical excitation) reliable to prevent, on the other hand, is small enough to allow the idle anchor force the contact force - this ensures reliable Power transmission between the contacts of the contact set (e.g. between the switch contacts and the work contacts or the common one Break contact) and one clearly assigned to the rest position of the anchor Ruined state of the relay arrangement - not negatively affected.
- the low current strength of the idle excitation current selected in the relay arrangement (this is below the response threshold of the relay arrangement, since there is no significant deflection of one of the contact elements, E.g. a contact spring occurs), with almost constant air gap conditions and without saturation in the magnetic circuit (due to the low flux density, this can be assumed) is the Anchor force and thus also the idle anchor force approximately one linear function of the excitation current; i.e. with knowledge of electromagnetic Parameters of the relay arrangement and the current strength of the idle excitation current consequently, the idle anchor force easily determined.
- the electromagnetic excitation of the magnetic circuit at rest the relay arrangement can be either by (time) continuous or discontinuous (In particular pulsed) control of the relay arrangement are generated: with continuous activation of the relay arrangement becomes the amplitude of the to generate the quiescent excitation current operating voltage of the relay arrangement varies, in particular becomes the amplitude of the operating voltage compared to normal operation (the "normal" alternating operation) significantly reduced (e.g. from 12 V to 1 V); with pulsed activation of the relay arrangement, the amplitude maintain the operating voltage of the relay arrangement, but the temporal behavior of the operating voltage varies, in particular the effective Duration of the applied operating voltage compared to normal operation (the "normal” changeover operation) significantly reduced.
- the variation of the time Behavior (of the duration) of the applied operating voltage e.g. by means of Pulse width modulation with predefinable duty cycle (or predefinable Ratio of pulse duration to pause time) can be realized, with the Current level of the idle excitation current, i.e. the level of electromagnetic Excitation and thus the amount of the anchor force at rest can be set by the duty cycle.
- the duty cycle can be generated by a control unit (designed as a microcontroller, for example) (such a control unit is usually already available); the excitation coil can by means of a driver stage with the pulsed quiescent excitation current are applied (such a driver stage is usually also already available): therefore are usually used for control the relay arrangement in the idle state no additional components needed so that no additional costs arise.
- the repetition rate (Pulse frequency) in the pulsed control must be significantly higher than the resonance frequency of the anchored from the inertial mass of the unstable armature and the contact elements (e.g. the spring rate of the two contact springs) mechanical resonance circuit can be chosen to the consequence the pulsed activation of any force modulation of the contact forces (e.g. the contact pressure of the changeover contacts on the common break contact) to be kept as low as possible, since the contact forces ensure reliable Switching behavior of the relay arrangement should be approximately constant should.
- the electromagnetic Excitation of the magnetic circuit at rest adaptively to the Boundary conditions (e.g. sample scatter of the components, aging effects, Operating voltage) and / or the ambient conditions (e.g. the external acceleration acting on the relay arrangement, the mass of the Anchor, the contact force between the contacts) adapted because of the electromagnetic Arousal depending on this the relationship between Excitation current and armature force influencing parameters can fluctuate.
- Boundary conditions e.g. sample scatter of the components, aging effects, Operating voltage
- ambient conditions e.g. the external acceleration acting on the relay arrangement, the mass of the Anchor, the contact force between the contacts
- This adaptive process is based on a "learning procedure" by continuous or gradually increase electromagnetic excitation (and thus the excitation current) the current value of the response threshold of the Relay arrangement determined, this current value for the response threshold the relay arrangement either directly through electrical monitoring the contacts of the relay assembly contact set or indirectly by monitoring those controlled at the output of the relay arrangement Load can be determined; based on this using the current boundary conditions determined current value of the response threshold the value for electromagnetic excitation is used as a reference value interpolated at rest, this interpolation being either a linear or non-linear behavior can be used.
- this "learning procedure” performed once, several times or cyclically.
- the value of the adaptively determined electromagnetic excitation at rest is therefore taken into account the current environmental conditions or boundary conditions, whereby the reliability of the method is increased.
- the relay arrangement with an unstable armature is intended to implement the polarity reversal function one example for operating the sunroof of a motor vehicle used DC motor are used.
- the relay arrangement consists of two changeover contacts 1, 2, one common Normally open contact 3, two working contacts 12, 13, the two with their ferromagnetic core 6, 7 on a common ferromagnetic Yoke 8 arranged excitation coils 4, 5, the unstable armature 9 and the two contact springs 10, 11.
- the two changeover contacts 1, 2 are over the common anchor 9 and the two contact springs 10, 11 operated.
- pulsed activation of one of the two excitation coils is carried out 4 or 5.
- the energization of this excitation coil 4 or 5 with a specific quiescent excitation current takes place via a driver stage designed as a transistor stage 14, which is designed, for example, in the basic emitter circuit.
- the pulsed actuation of the transistor stage 14 and thus the excitation coil 4 or 5 is carried out by means of a pulse generator 17, the (for example pulse-width-modulated) output signal of which generates a specific duty cycle (and thus a specific ratio of the on time to the off time of the transistor stage 14); the duty cycle is ex. predefined by a microcontroller, taking into account the influencing factors acting on the current strength of the idle state excitation current and thus on the effective idle state armature force, the current operating voltage U B of the operating voltage source 15 and the resistance value R i of the internal resistance 16 of the energized excitation coil 4 or 5.
Landscapes
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1:
- den schematischen Aufbau dieser Relaisanordnung mit labil gelagertem Anker
- Figur 2:
- das elektrische Funktionsprinzip dieser Relaisanordnung mit labil gelagertem Anker und
- Figur 3:
- das schematische Blockschaltbild für eine Ansteuermöglichkeit dieser Relaisanordnung mit labil gelagertem Anker.
- Ankermasse: mA = 1,2 g,
- Schließkraft im Ruhezustand: Fs = 500 mN,
- Ankerkraftsteilheit (im Ruhezustand): sA = 10 N/A,
- Innenwiderstand der Erregerspule: Ri = 110 Ω,
- Nominale Betriebsspannung: UB = 13 V,
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung,mit einem magnetischen Kreis aus zwei auf jeweils einem Kern (6, 7) angeordneten Erregerspulen (4, 5), einem Joch (8) und einem labil gelagerten Anker (9),mit einem durch den labil gelagerten Anker (9) betätigbaren Kontaktsatz aus Kontakten (1, 2; 3; 12, 13) und Kontaktelementen (10, 11),die im Ruhezustand und beim Erreichen ihrer Ansprechschwelle unterschiedliche Schaltzustände einnimmt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der magnetische Kreis im Ruhezustand der Relaisanordnung zur Erzeugung einer auf den labil gelagerten Anker (9) einwirkenden Ruhezustand-Ankerkraft elektromagnetisch erregt wird,daß die elektromagnetische Erregung mittels eines durch eine der beiden Erregerspulen (4; 5) fließenden Ruhezustand-Erregerstroms erzeugt wird,und daß die Stromstärke des Ruhezustand-Erregerstroms so gewählt wird, daß die Ruhezustand-Ankerkraft geringer als die bei der Ansprechschwelle der Relaisanordnung auftretende Ankerkraft ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromstärke des Ruhezustand-Erregerstroms als anwendungsspezifische Konstante vorgegeben wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die stromstärke des Ruhezustand-Erregerstroms variierbar vorgegeben wird und adaptiv an die Umgebungsbedingungen bzw. Randbedingungen der Relaisanordnung angepaßt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromstärke des Ruhezustand-Erregerstroms nach Durchlaufen einer Lernprozedur vorgegeben wird, und daß als Ausgangswert für die Lernprozedur die der Ansprechschwelle der Relaisanordnung entsprechende Stromstärke des Erregerstroms herangezogen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Erregung des magnetischen Kreises durch Ansteuerung einer der beiden Erregerspulen (4; 5) mit einem zeitkontinuierlichen Ruhezustand-Erregerstrom erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Erregung des magnetischen Kreises durch Ansteuerung einer der beiden Erregerspulen (4; 5) mit einem pulsweitenmodulierten Ruhezustand-Erregerstrom erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tastverhältnis für die Ansteuerung einer der beiden Erregerspulen (4; 5) in Abhängigkeit von der auf die Relaisanordnung einwirkenden äußeren Beschleunigung und/oder der Masse des labil gelagerten Ankers (9) und/oder der Kontaktkraft zwischen den Kontakten (1, 2; 3; 12, 13) des Kontaktsatzes vorgegeben wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung mit einem durch den labil gelagerten Anker (9) betätigbaren Kontaktsatz aus zwei Arbeitskontakten (12, 13), zwei Wechselkontakten (1, 2), einem gemeinsamen Ruhekontakt (3) sowie aus zwei Kontaktfedern (10, 11).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ansteuerung einer der beiden Erregerspulen (4; 5) in Abhängigkeit von der Kontaktkraft zwischen dem gemeinsamen Ruhekontakt (3) und den beiden Wechselkontakten (1, 2) vorgenommen wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19712721 | 1997-03-26 | ||
DE19712721A DE19712721A1 (de) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0867905A2 true EP0867905A2 (de) | 1998-09-30 |
EP0867905A3 EP0867905A3 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=7824700
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98104333A Withdrawn EP0867905A3 (de) | 1997-03-26 | 1998-03-11 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Relaisanordnung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5953197A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0867905A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19712721A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2543057B1 (de) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-09-09 | Labinal, LLC | Thermisch verwaltete elektromagnetische schaltvorrichtung |
DE102017102637A1 (de) | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben mindestens eines Relais |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4122704A1 (de) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-01-21 | Siemens Ag | Elektromagnetisches relais |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH363091A (de) * | 1957-03-06 | 1962-07-15 | Veltechna Narodni Podnik | Elektromagnetisches Kipprelais für Gleichstrom mit arretierten Kontaktstellungen |
US4922363A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1990-05-01 | General Electric Company | Contactor control system |
US4893102A (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1990-01-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electromagnetic contactor with energy balanced closing system |
US5267120A (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1993-11-30 | Digital Appliance Controls, Inc. | Relay control apparatus |
JPH03164912A (ja) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | デューティソレノイドバルブの駆動装置 |
US5224014A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1993-06-29 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Electrically operated control device and system for an appliance and methods of making the same |
US5539608A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-07-23 | Eaton Corporation | Electronic interlock for electromagnetic contactor |
US5687050A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1997-11-11 | Ficht Gmbh | Electronic control circuit for an internal combustion engine |
US5774323A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-06-30 | Eaton Corporation | Detection of contact position from coil current in electromagnetic switches having AC or DC operated coils |
-
1997
- 1997-03-26 DE DE19712721A patent/DE19712721A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-03-11 EP EP98104333A patent/EP0867905A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-20 US US09/044,851 patent/US5953197A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4122704A1 (de) * | 1991-07-09 | 1993-01-21 | Siemens Ag | Elektromagnetisches relais |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0867905A3 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
DE19712721A1 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
US5953197A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
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