EP0865660B1 - Switchgear control apparatus - Google Patents

Switchgear control apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0865660B1
EP0865660B1 EP96946021A EP96946021A EP0865660B1 EP 0865660 B1 EP0865660 B1 EP 0865660B1 EP 96946021 A EP96946021 A EP 96946021A EP 96946021 A EP96946021 A EP 96946021A EP 0865660 B1 EP0865660 B1 EP 0865660B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
control apparatus
magnetic
magnetic flux
flux
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EP96946021A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0865660A2 (en
Inventor
Franz Ultsch
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1894Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings minimizing impact energy on closure of magnetic circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H01H2047/046Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current with measuring of the magnetic field, e.g. of the magnetic flux, for the control of coil current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device for switching devices, especially for contactors or relays, with a Magnet system, which comprises a coil of armature and yoke, as well with a control device for controlling the magnetic Flux in the magnet system, the armature and yoke with a coil includes, as well as with a control device for controlling the magnetic flux in the magnet system with which the magnetic Flow in the magnet system is regulated to a predetermined range becomes.
  • a control device is from GB 21 12 213 A. previously known.
  • the drives of switching devices usually work with Magnetic systems, which so far have each been at the voltage level adapted to the switching device and / or the type of drive Need to become. As a result, a large number of Coil variants necessary.
  • DE 30 47 488 A1 known for an electromagnetic switching device, where the current through a Holding coil regulated in the closed state of the holding magnet becomes. To reduce the holding power, is done a switchover of threshold values for the current control after a given time. As a measurand for current control flow measurement using a Hall probe.
  • DE 41 29 265 A1 is an electromagnetic one Switchgear known with a hinged anchor system, in which a Hall sensor the leakage flux is detected and in which the power supplied to the coil via the determined magnetic flux proportional Size is regulated. A stray flux is also used creating a magnetic shunt Detection of smallest air gaps in DE 36 37 133.
  • DE 32 46 739 includes a contactor Flow sensor known in the yoke of the magnet system Hall sensor is present, whose signal to control the electrical excitation of the contactor to a predetermined Flow value serves.
  • the object of the invention is a control device to simplify for switching devices of the type mentioned.
  • the aim is to reduce the holding power of the Magnetic system on the one hand and an increase in mechanical and electrical life on the other.
  • Control device can be used with different switching devices be so that fewer coil variants are and should be the magnet systems themselves are built smaller than before can be.
  • the task is according to the invention with a control device initially mentioned type solved in that at the time and path-independent control with the magnetic control device Flow in the coil is regulated, with an upper and lower threshold of the range is defined and the width of the range for the controlled coil flow depending can be selected from the desired switching frequency.
  • the width of the area for the regulated coil flow is usually between 0.01 and 10%, preferably between 0.05 and 5% of the magnetic flux and is caused by the Switching frequency determined.
  • the invention was based on the non-trivial finding that the setpoint of the magnetic flux in the coil advantageously can be selected regardless of status and position can. Measurements on a specific contactor have shown that that to achieve the tightening force in the open state and to achieve the holding force with the magnet system closed approximately the same value for the magnetic Coil flow is required. Builds when closed already a considerably smaller current on this river because a larger inductance or a smaller magnetic one There is resistance. The value for the magnetic flux is into a given magnet system by adjusting the number of turns of the coil regardless of the voltage level.
  • 1 represents a coil, the part of a gastric system for a switching device. Especially in figure 1, the coil 1 is indicated as an electrical inductance via a rectifier bridge 5 to the terminals of a AC network connected. The coil 1 is a sensor 2 assigned to flow capture.
  • 10 means the actual control device of the magnetic flux. It contains a unit 11 for threshold detection and a unit 12 for voltage monitoring and also a controllable switching element 13. About the controllable switching element 13, for example a transistor can be, the coil 1 is rectified Terminal voltage connected.
  • the magnetic flux through the coil i.e. the coil flux, but not the magnetic flux in the Working gap of the magnet system is detected when switching on and used for regulation.
  • the coil flow is a upper and lower threshold set.
  • the switching element 13 remains closed as long as the coil flow is below the upper threshold remains.
  • the switching element 13 is opened and the coil flow is getting smaller again.
  • the switching element 13 is closed again.
  • the coil flow can be in such an area regulated between 0.01 and 10% of the coil flow, in particular between 0.05 and 5%.
  • FIG. 4 shows the same magnet system 20 as in FIG. 3 a magnetic field probe 34 attached to the B or H field detected. This may require a slot 25 in the magnet system 20 are introduced.
  • the B or H field is a measure for the magnetic flux through the coil 21. Particularly advantageous is that in this case no integrator is needed becomes.
  • Figure 5 essentially results from the combination of Figure 1 and Figure 4.
  • the electrical control module the control lines for the coil 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 21 bridged by a diode according to FIG.
  • a suitable magnetic field probe 34 is introduced.
  • forced air gaps are usually already in the Manufacture of the yoke made of laminated iron and provided with filled with a film of insulation material, so that a there is a stable connection between the two yoke parts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Contactors or relays in particular generally have a magnet system comprising a coil with an armature and a yoke. A device has already been proposed for controlling the magnetic flux in the magnet system in a time-dependent manner according to a nominal curve calculated precisely for each magnet model. According to the invention, the control device (10) controls the magnetic flux within a predetermined range which is independent of time and travel. Preferably, the control device (10) controls the magnetic flux by means of the coil (1, 21) (coil flux). In particular, the narrow range set for the coil flux can be independent of time and travel, which is impossible with the prior art.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Ansteuergerät für Schaltgeräte, insbesondere für Schütze oder Relais, mit einem Magnetsystem, das eine Spule aus Anker und Joch umfaßt, sowie mit einer Regeleinrichtung zur Regelung des magnetischen Flusses im Magnetsystem, das Anker und Joch mit einer Spule umfaßt, sowie mit einer Regeleinrichtung zur Regelung des magnetischen Flusses im Magnetsystem, mit dem der magnetische Fluß im Magnetsystem auf einen vorgegebenen Bereich geregelt wird. Ein solches Ansteuergerät ist aus der GB 21 12 213 A vorbekannt.The invention relates to a control device for switching devices, especially for contactors or relays, with a Magnet system, which comprises a coil of armature and yoke, as well with a control device for controlling the magnetic Flux in the magnet system, the armature and yoke with a coil includes, as well as with a control device for controlling the magnetic flux in the magnet system with which the magnetic Flow in the magnet system is regulated to a predetermined range becomes. Such a control device is from GB 21 12 213 A. previously known.

Die Antriebe von Schaltgeräten arbeiten üblicherweise mit Magnetsystemen, welche bisher jeweils auf die Spannungsebene des Schaltgerätes und/oder der Art des Antriebes angepaßt werden müssen. Dadurch ist insbesondere eine große Anzahl von Spulenvarianten notwendig.The drives of switching devices usually work with Magnetic systems, which so far have each been at the voltage level adapted to the switching device and / or the type of drive Need to become. As a result, a large number of Coil variants necessary.

Speziell bei gleichstromgetriebenen Schützen ist bekanntermaßen während der Anzugsphase des Magnetsystems ein hoher Strom erforderlich, um die Federkräfte zu überwinden. Bei geschlossenem Magnetsystem reicht dagegen bereits ein erheblich kleinerer Strom zum sicheren Halten aus. Um die Halteleistung bei gleichstromgetriebenen Schützen zu reduzieren, werden bereits unterschiedliche Techniken verwendet: Bekannt ist beispielsweise die Verwendung von zwei Spulen für die Anzugphase einerseits und die Haltephase andererseits, wobei die Spulen durch einen Hilfsschalter umgeschaltet werden. Weiterhin ist auch bereits eine getaktete Spulenspannung während der Haltephase vorgeschlagen worden. Das Taktverhältnis bestimmt den effektiven Spulenstrom. Die Umschaltung erfolgt nach einer festen Zeit, wenn das Schütz sicher geschlossen ist. As is well known, especially with DC-operated contactors a high during the tightening phase of the magnet system Electricity required to overcome the spring forces. When closed Magnet system, on the other hand, is already sufficient smaller current for safe holding off. To the holding power with DC-operated contactors already used different techniques: is known for example the use of two coils for the tightening phase on the one hand and the holding phase on the other hand, the Coils can be switched by an auxiliary switch. Farther is already a clocked coil voltage during the hold phase has been proposed. The clock ratio determines the effective coil current. The switchover takes place after a fixed time when the contactor closes safely is.

Aus der DE 30 47 488 A1 ist eine elektronische Schaltungsanordnung für ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät bekannt, bei der mit einem Zweipunktregler der Strom durch eine Haltespule im geschlossenen Zustand des Haltemagnetes geregelt wird. Um die Halteleistung zu reduzieren, erfolgt eine Umschaltung von Schwellwerten für die Stromregelung nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit. Als Meßgröße zur Stromregelung wird dabei die Flußmessung über eine Hallsonde zu Hilfe genommen. Weiterhin ist aus der DE 41 29 265 A1 ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einem Klappankersystem bekannt, bei dem mit einem Hallsensor der Streufluß erfaßt wird und bei dem die der Spule zugeführte Leistung über die ermittelte magnetflußproportionale Größe geregelt wird. Ein Streufluß wird ebenfalls unter Erzeugung eines magnetischen Nebenschlusses zur Erkennung kleinster Luftspalte bei der DE 36 37 133 erfaßt. Schließlich ist aus der DE 32 46 739 ein Schaltschütz mit Flußfühler bekannt, bei der im Joch des Magnetsystems ein Hallsensor vorhanden ist, dessen Signal zur Steuerung der elektrischen Erregung des Schaltschützes auf einen vorbestimmten Flußwert dient.An electronic circuit arrangement is known from DE 30 47 488 A1 known for an electromagnetic switching device, where the current through a Holding coil regulated in the closed state of the holding magnet becomes. To reduce the holding power, is done a switchover of threshold values for the current control after a given time. As a measurand for current control flow measurement using a Hall probe. Furthermore, DE 41 29 265 A1 is an electromagnetic one Switchgear known with a hinged anchor system, in which a Hall sensor the leakage flux is detected and in which the power supplied to the coil via the determined magnetic flux proportional Size is regulated. A stray flux is also used creating a magnetic shunt Detection of smallest air gaps in DE 36 37 133. Finally, DE 32 46 739 includes a contactor Flow sensor known in the yoke of the magnet system Hall sensor is present, whose signal to control the electrical excitation of the contactor to a predetermined Flow value serves.

Daneben werden im Tagungsband "Kontaktverhalten und Schalten" des 13. Kontaktseminars - Universität Karlsruhe, 4. bis 6.10.1995, Seiten 101 ff. unterschiedliche Prinzipien geregelter Schützantriebe untersucht. Insbesondere ist dort auch eine Einrichtung zur Regelung des magnetischen Flusses im Magnetsystem beschrieben, bei der der magnetische Fluß durch die Integration der Induktionsspannung in einer um einen Schenkel des Magneten gewickelten Spule ermittelt und mittels eines exakten Magnetmodells eine Sollvorgabe für den magnetischen Fluß mit der Methode der inversen Simulation berechnet wird. Damit wird speziell eine zeitabhängige Sollkurve für den magnetischen Fluß vorgegeben. Der magnetische Fluß erzeugt die antreibende Kraft und ist für somit ursächlich mit der mechanischen Bewegung gekoppelt. In addition, the conference volume "Contact behavior and switching" of the 13th contact seminar - Universität Karlsruhe, 4th to October 6, 1995, pages 101 ff Contactor drives examined. In particular there is also a device for regulating the magnetic flux described in the magnet system in which the magnetic flux by integrating the induction voltage in one order one leg of the magnet wound coil is determined and a target specification for the magnetic flux using the inverse simulation method is calculated. This is especially a time-dependent target curve given for the magnetic flux. The magnetic River creates the driving force and is therefore the cause coupled with the mechanical movement.

Aus der eingangs bereits erwähnten GB 21 12 213 A ist ein Schaltgerät mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb bekannt, der einen Flußsensor im Magnetsystem mit einer analogen Regelschaltung für den Magnetfluß aufweist. Damit wird eine hohe Verlustleistung im für die Analogregelung notwendigen Steuerelement umgesetzt, was eine Erwärmung verursacht und damit Kühlkörper notwendig macht. Weiterhin ist aus der US 3 579 052 A ein Ansteuergerät für Schaltgeräte bekannt, bei dem die Anzugskraft zeitabhängig geregelt ist.From GB 21 12 213 A already mentioned at the beginning is a Switchgear with electromagnetic drive known a flow sensor in the magnet system with an analog control circuit for the magnetic flux. This will make it a high one Power loss in the necessary for the analog control Control implemented what causes heating and so that heat sink is necessary. Furthermore, from the US 3 579 052 A a control device for switching devices known, where the tightening force is regulated depending on the time.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgegenüber, ein Ansteuergerät für Schaltgeräte der eingangs genannten Art zu vereinfachen. Angestrebt wird dabei eine reduzierte Halteleistung des Magnetsystems einerseits und eine Erhöhung der mechanischen und elektrischen Lebensdauer andererseits. Weiterhin soll das Ansteuergerät bei unterschiedlichen Schaltgeräten verwendbar sein, so daß weniger Spulenvarianten notwendig sind und sollen die Magnetsysteme selbst kleiner als bisher aufgebaut werden können.In contrast, the object of the invention is a control device to simplify for switching devices of the type mentioned. The aim is to reduce the holding power of the Magnetic system on the one hand and an increase in mechanical and electrical life on the other. Furthermore, that should Control device can be used with different switching devices be so that fewer coil variants are and should be the magnet systems themselves are built smaller than before can be.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß bei einem Ansteuergerät der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß zur zeit- und wegunabhängigen Steuerung mit der Regeleinrichtung der magnetische Fluß in der Spule geregelt wird, wobei eine obere und untere Schwelle des Bereiches definiert ist und die Breite des Bereiches für den geregelten Spulenfluß in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Schaltfrequenz wählbar ist.The task is according to the invention with a control device initially mentioned type solved in that at the time and path-independent control with the magnetic control device Flow in the coil is regulated, with an upper and lower threshold of the range is defined and the width of the range for the controlled coil flow depending can be selected from the desired switching frequency.

Mit der Erfindung ist in einfacher Weise ein sanftes Schließen der Kontakte von Schaltgeräten erreichbar. Insbesondere durch die damit bewirkte Reduzierung des Kontaktprellens wird eine längere Lebensdauer der Kontakte und damit des gesamten Schaltgerätes erreicht.Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin, daß nur ein Flußbereich für Anziehen und Halten notwendig ist, der als schmaler Bereich ausgeregelt werden kann. With the invention is a gentle in a simple manner Closing the contacts of switchgear accessible. In particular through the reduction in contact bouncing caused thereby will have a longer life of the contacts and thus of the entire switching device is achieved. that only one river area is necessary for tightening and holding that can be corrected as a narrow area.

Die Breite des Bereiches für den ausgeregelten Spulenfluß liegt üblicherweise zwischen 0,01 und 10 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,05 und 5 %, des Magnetflusses und wird durch die Schaltfrequenz bestimmt.The width of the area for the regulated coil flow is usually between 0.01 and 10%, preferably between 0.05 and 5% of the magnetic flux and is caused by the Switching frequency determined.

Der Erfindung lag die nichttriviale Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß der Sollwert des magnetischen Flusses in der Spule vorteilhafterweise zustands- und positionsunabhängig gewählt werden kann. Messungen an einem konkreten Schütz haben nämlich ergeben, daß zum Erreichen der Anzugskraft im offenen Zustand und zum Erreichen der Haltekraft bei geschlossenem Magnetsystem annähernd der gleiche Wert für den magnetischen Spulenfluß erforderlich ist. Im geschlossenen Zustand baut bereits ein erheblich kleinerer Strom diesen Fluß auf, da eine größere Induktivität bzw. ein kleinerer magnetischer Widerstand vorliegt. Der Wert für den magnetischen Fluß ist in ein gegebenes Magnetsystem durch Anpassen der Spulenwindungszahlen unabhängig von der Spannungsebene. The invention was based on the non-trivial finding that the setpoint of the magnetic flux in the coil advantageously can be selected regardless of status and position can. Measurements on a specific contactor have shown that that to achieve the tightening force in the open state and to achieve the holding force with the magnet system closed approximately the same value for the magnetic Coil flow is required. Builds when closed already a considerably smaller current on this river because a larger inductance or a smaller magnetic one There is resistance. The value for the magnetic flux is into a given magnet system by adjusting the number of turns of the coil regardless of the voltage level.

Damit ergibt sich ein entscheidender Vorteil gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, bei dem bei Vereinfachung des Aufbaus des Magnetsystems der magnetische Fluß zeitabhängig vorgewählt werden muß. Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin, daß die an einem konkreten Schütz ermittelten Verhältnisse auch auf andere Schützgrößen übertragbar sind. Insbesondere sind entsprechend angepaßte Verhältnisse auch durch Änderung des Zwangsluftspaltes im Joch des Magnetsystems erreichbar.This gives a decisive advantage over that State of the art in which, by simplifying the construction of the Magnetic system the magnetic flux selected depending on the time must become. It is also advantageous that the one concrete contactor determined relationships to others Contactor sizes are transferable. In particular, are corresponding adapted conditions also by changing the forced air gap in the yoke of the magnet system.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit weiteren Unteransprüchen. Es zeigen

Figur 1
den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Ansteuergerätes für ein Magnetsystem,
Figur 2
ein Diagramm mit auf einen engen Bereich geregelten Magnetfluß- und Stromkurven,
Figur 3
das Prinzip der Erfassung des Spulenflusses im Magnetsystem durch eine Hilfsspule,
Figur 4
die Erfassung des Spulenflusses durch eine Magnetfeldsonde und
Figur 5
den Aufbau eines Magnetsystems aus Joch und Anker, bei dem insbesondere die Bedeutung des Zwangsluftspaltes ersichtlich ist.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of figures of exemplary embodiments in connection with further subclaims. Show it
Figure 1
the basic structure of a control device for a magnet system,
Figure 2
1 shows a diagram with magnetic flux and current curves regulated to a narrow range,
Figure 3
the principle of detecting the coil flow in the magnet system by means of an auxiliary coil,
Figure 4
the detection of the coil flow by a magnetic field probe and
Figure 5
the construction of a magnet system from yoke and armature, in which in particular the importance of the forced air gap can be seen.

Gleiche bzw. gleichwirkende Einheiten der einzelnen Figuren haben gleiche Bezugszeichen. Die Figuren werden teilweise gemeinsam beschrieben.Identical or equivalent units of the individual figures have the same reference numerals. The figures become partial described together.

In den Figuren stellt jeweils 1 eine Spule dar, die Teil eines Magensystems für ein Schaltgerät ist. Speziell in Figur 1 ist die Spule 1 als elektrische Induktivität angedeutet und über eine Gleichrichterbrücke 5 an die Anschlußklemmen eines Wechselstromnetzes angeschlossen. Der Spule 1 ist ein Sensor 2 zur Flußerfassung zugeordnet. In the figures, 1 represents a coil, the part of a gastric system for a switching device. Especially in figure 1, the coil 1 is indicated as an electrical inductance via a rectifier bridge 5 to the terminals of a AC network connected. The coil 1 is a sensor 2 assigned to flow capture.

In Figur 1 bedeutet 10 die eigentliche Einrichtung zur Regelung des magnetischen Flusses. Sie beinhaltet eine Einheit 11 zur Schwellenerkennung und eine Einheit 12 zur Spannungsüberwachung und weiterhin ein steuerbares Schaltelement 13. Über das steuerbare Schaltelement 13, das beispielsweise ein Transistor sein kann, ist die Spule 1 an die gleichgerichtete Klemmenspannung angeschlossen.In FIG. 1, 10 means the actual control device of the magnetic flux. It contains a unit 11 for threshold detection and a unit 12 for voltage monitoring and also a controllable switching element 13. About the controllable switching element 13, for example a transistor can be, the coil 1 is rectified Terminal voltage connected.

Die Spannungsüberwachung in der Einheit 12 sorgt dafür, daß der Einschaltvorgang erst beim Überschreiten einer definierten Einschaltschwelle, beispielsweise bei 70 % Nennspannung, freigegeben wird. Dadurch kann verhindert werden, daß das Schütz an den Hauptkontakten hängen bleibt und verschweißt.The voltage monitoring in the unit 12 ensures that the switch-on process only when a defined one is exceeded Switch-on threshold, for example at 70% nominal voltage, is released. This can prevent that Contactor gets stuck and welded to the main contacts.

Nach der Freigabe wird der magnetische Fluß durch die Spule 1, d.h. der Spulenfluß, nicht aber der magnetische Fluß im Arbeitsspalt des Magnetsystems beim Einschaltvorgang erfaßt und zur Regelung verwendet. Für den Spulenfluß wird eine obere und untere Schwelle festgelegt. Das Schaltelement 13 bleibt geschlossen, solange der Spulenfluß unterhalb der oberen Schwelle bleibt. Beim Überschreiten der oberen Schwelle wird das Schaltelement 13 geöffnet und der Spulenfluß wird wieder kleiner. Beim Unterschreiten der unteren Schwelle wird das Schaltelement 13 wieder geschlossen.After release, the magnetic flux through the coil 1, i.e. the coil flux, but not the magnetic flux in the Working gap of the magnet system is detected when switching on and used for regulation. For the coil flow is a upper and lower threshold set. The switching element 13 remains closed as long as the coil flow is below the upper threshold remains. When exceeding the upper one Threshold, the switching element 13 is opened and the coil flow is getting smaller again. When falling below the lower Threshold, the switching element 13 is closed again.

Durch diese Regelung wird erreicht, daß der magnetische Fluß durch die Spule 1 innerhalb der vorgegebenen Grenzen bleibt. Insbesondere kann damit der Spulenfluß auf einen solchen Bereich geregelt werden, der zwischen 0,01 und 10 % des Spulenflusses, insbesondere zwischen 0,05 und 5 %, liegt.This regulation ensures that the magnetic flux through the coil 1 remains within the predetermined limits. In particular, the coil flow can be in such an area regulated between 0.01 and 10% of the coil flow, in particular between 0.05 and 5%.

Zur näheren Spezifizierung des Regelbereiches wurden Versuche am Siemens-Schütz 3TF56 durchgeführt, um Grundlagen für Simulationsrechnungen zu erhalten. Diese sind in Figur 2, in der der magnetische Fluß Ø einerseits und der zugehörige Strom I andererseits als Funktion der Zeit dargestellt sind, verdeutlicht. Beispielsweise ergibt sich, daß für einen Spulenfluß von 1,35 bis 1,4 V-s eine Schaltfrequenz von 400 Hz eine Fensterbreite von etwa 3,6 % realisiert. Da nach Möglichkeit eine Frequenz außerhalb des Höhrbereiches, d.h. oberhalb von etwa 20 kHz, erwünscht wäre, ergeben sich damit Fensterbreiten von Werten bis zu 0,01 %. Somit ist ein schmaler Bereich in der Weise definiert, wie er bisher nicht in Betracht gezogen wurde.Experiments were carried out to specify the control range in more detail performed on the Siemens contactor 3TF56 to provide the basis for simulation calculations to obtain. These are in Figure 2, in the the magnetic flux Ø on the one hand and the associated current I on the other hand, are shown as a function of time. For example, it results that for a coil flow from 1.35 to 1.4 V-s a switching frequency of 400 Hz Window width of about 3.6% realized. Because if possible a frequency outside the listening range, i.e. above of about 20 kHz, would be desirable, so that window widths result of values up to 0.01%. So is a narrow area defined in a way that he has not previously considered has been.

Aus Figur 2 ergibt sich weiterhin, daß der Spulenfluß Ø(t) zeitunabhängig ist. Für die Stromkurve I(t) ergibt sich dagegen, daß der Strom entsprechend dem Kurvenverlauf I nach etwa 50 ms wieder absinkt.From Figure 2 it also follows that the coil flux Ø (t) is independent of time. For the current curve I (t) we get against that the current according to the curve I after drops again about 50 ms.

Zur Regelung des Spulenflusses im vorgegebenen schmalen Bereich ist die Erfassung des Spulenflusses notwendig, die mit bekannten unterschiedlichen Verfahren erfolgen kann.To regulate the coil flow in the specified narrow The detection of the coil flow is necessary in the area can be done with known different methods.

In Figur 3 ist das Magnetsystem 20 aus der Spule 21, entsprechend Spule 1 in Figur 1, Joch 22 und Anker 23 gebildet. Am Joch 22 des Magnetsystems 20 ist eine Hilfsspule 24 angebracht, welche die induzierte Spannung erfaßt. Das zeitliche Integral dieser Spannung ist ein Maß für die Änderung des Spulenflusses. Die erreichbare Genauigkeit reicht während der Anzugsphase aus. Da in der Haltephase die induzierte Spannung nicht beherrschbar ist, können bei diesem Meßverfahren Offset-Fehler zu einem Weglaufen des Integrators führen, weshalb geeignete Ausgleichsmaßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen.In Figure 3, the magnet system 20 from the coil 21 is corresponding Coil 1 in Figure 1, yoke 22 and armature 23 formed. An auxiliary coil 24 is attached to the yoke 22 of the magnet system 20, which detects the induced voltage. The temporal Integral of this voltage is a measure of the change in the Coil flow. The achievable accuracy is sufficient during the Tightening phase. Because in the holding phase the induced voltage is not controllable, offset errors can occur with this measuring method lead to the integrator running away, which is why appropriate compensatory measures must be taken.

In Figur 4 ist am gleichen Magnetsystem 20 wie in Figur 3 eine Magnetfeldsonde 34 angebracht, die das B- oder H-Feld erfaßt. Dazu muß gegebenenfalls ein Schlitz 25 im Magnetsystem 20 eingebracht werden. Das B- oder H-Feld ist ein Maß für den magnetischen Fluß durch die Spule 21. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß in diesem Fall kein Integrator benötigt wird. 4 shows the same magnet system 20 as in FIG. 3 a magnetic field probe 34 attached to the B or H field detected. This may require a slot 25 in the magnet system 20 are introduced. The B or H field is a measure for the magnetic flux through the coil 21. Particularly advantageous is that in this case no integrator is needed becomes.

Figur 5 ergibt sich im wesentlichen aus der Kombination von Figur 1 und Figur 4. Im elektrischen Ansteuerbaustein sind die Ansteuerleitungen für die Spule 1 gemäß Figur 1 bzw. 21 gemäß Figur 4 durch eine Diode überbrückt. In der Nut 25 ist eine geeignete Magnetfeldsonde 34 eingebracht.Figure 5 essentially results from the combination of Figure 1 and Figure 4. Are in the electrical control module the control lines for the coil 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 21 bridged by a diode according to FIG. In the groove 25 is a suitable magnetic field probe 34 is introduced.

Ausgenutzt wird in Figur 5, daß im magnetischen Joch 22 vorteilhafterweise ein Zwangsluftspalt 30 vorhanden ist. Derartige Zwangsluftspalte sind üblicherweise bereits bei der Herstellung der Joch aus laminiertem Eisen vorgesehen und mit einer Folie aus Isolationsmaterial ausgefüllt, so daß eine stabile Verbindung der beiden Jochteile vorliegt.5 that the magnetic yoke 22 there is advantageously a forced air gap 30. Such forced air gaps are usually already in the Manufacture of the yoke made of laminated iron and provided with filled with a film of insulation material, so that a there is a stable connection between the two yoke parts.

Bei der Anordnung gemäß Figur 5 ergibt sich durch die spezifische Geometrie von Schlitz 25 und Zwangsluftspalt 30, daß zwischen Zwangsluftspalt 30 und Blindspalt 25 ein magnetischer Spannungsteiler realisiert wird. Durch Änderung der Geometrie lassen sich dabei die magnetischen Verhältnisse beeinflussen. Ein schmalerer Zwangsluftspalt reduziert den zum Halten benötigten Spulenfluß stark. Er wirkt sich jedoch kaum auf den zum Aufbringen der Anzugskraft im offenen Zustand benötigten magnetischen Spulenfluß aus. Deshalb kann die Variation der Breite b des Zwangsluftspaltes insbesondere dazu verwendet werden, den im geschlossenen Zustand erforderlichen magnetischen Spulenfluß so anzupassen, daß er den gleichen Wert aufweist wie der im offenen Zustand benötigte Spulenfluß.In the arrangement according to FIG. 5, the specific results Geometry of slot 25 and forced air gap 30 that a magnetic gap between the forced air gap 30 and the blind gap 25 Voltage divider is realized. By changing the Geometry can be the magnetic relationships influence. A narrower forced air gap reduces that required to hold coil flow strong. However, it affects hardly on the to apply the tightening force in the open state required magnetic coil flux. Therefore can the variation of the width b of the forced air gap in particular to be used, the required in the closed state adjust magnetic coil flux so that he the has the same value as that required in the open state Coil flow.

Claims (11)

  1. Switchgear control apparatus, in particular for contactors or relays, having a magnetic system (20) which comprises a coil (1, 21) with armature and yoke (22), and having a device (10) for controlling the magnetic flux in the magnetic system, with which device the magnetic flux is controlled on to a specified region, characterized in that for the time-independent and path-independent control with the control device (10) the magnetic flux is controlled in the coil (1, 21), with an upper and a lower threshold of the region being defined for the magnetic flux of the coil (1, 21), and with the width of the region for the controlled coil flux being selectable in dependence upon the desired,operating frequency.
  2. Control apparatus according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the width of the region for the controlled coil flux lies between 0.01 and 10 %, preferably between 0.05 and 5 %, of the magnetic flux.
  3. Control apparatus according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the magnetic flux is detected during the starting operation and holding operation and is used for the control.
  4. Control apparatus according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the coil (1) is connected to the terminal voltage by way of a controllable switching element (15) and a rectifier (5).
  5. Control apparatus according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the control device (10) contains a unit for voltage monitoring (12), with which the starting operation is only initiated upon the exceeding of a defined starting threshold, for example 70 % nominal voltage.
  6. Control apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an auxiliary coil (24) with integrator (26) is present to detect the magnetic flux.
  7. Control apparatus according to claim 6,
    characterized in that the auxiliary coil (24) is fitted to the yoke (22) of the magnetic system (20).
  8. Control apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a magnetic field probe (34) is present to detect the coil flux.
  9. Control apparatus according to claim 8,
    characterized in that the magnetic field probe (34) is fitted in a slot (25) in the yoke (22) of the magnetic system (20).
  10. Control apparatus according to claim 9,
    wherein the yoke of the magnetic system has a forced air gap, characterized in that the slot (25) and the forced air gap (30) in the yoke (22) form a magnetic voltage divider.
  11. Control apparatus according to claim 10,
    characterized in that the forced air gap (30) has a preselected width (b).
EP96946021A 1995-12-05 1996-11-28 Switchgear control apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0865660B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19545512 1995-12-05
DE19545512 1995-12-05
PCT/DE1996/002283 WO1997021237A2 (en) 1995-12-05 1996-11-28 Switchgear control apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0865660A2 EP0865660A2 (en) 1998-09-23
EP0865660B1 true EP0865660B1 (en) 2000-02-16

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EP96946021A Expired - Lifetime EP0865660B1 (en) 1995-12-05 1996-11-28 Switchgear control apparatus

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EP (1) EP0865660B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000501550A (en)
CN (1) CN1068968C (en)
DE (1) DE59604468D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997021237A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10332595A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-24 Siemens Ag Electrical switchgear drive arrangement e.g. for actuators esp. contactors and relays, includes control device for controlling movement quantity of armature or of contact

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1300862A1 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-04-09 Moeller GmbH Electronic apparatus for controlling a contactor
EP1964141A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2008-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for operating a switching device
DE102012106922A1 (en) 2012-07-30 2014-01-30 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor
DE102012112692A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Device and method for operating an electromagnetic switching device drive
DE102013224662A1 (en) * 2013-12-02 2015-06-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic actuator
JP6248871B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2017-12-20 株式会社デンソー Electromagnetic actuator
FR3098637B1 (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-10-15 G Cartier Tech SELF-CONTROLLED ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3579052A (en) * 1968-09-21 1971-05-18 Nippon Denso Co System for driving a. d. c. electromagnet
DE3047488A1 (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-07-22 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR AN ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHGEAR
GB2112213B (en) * 1981-12-21 1985-12-11 Gen Electric Electromagnetic contactor with flux sensor
US4735517A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-04-05 Texas Instruments Incorporated Printer having flux regulator
US4608620A (en) * 1985-11-14 1986-08-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Magnetic sensor for armature and stator
DE4129265A1 (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-04 Mannesmann Ag ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHGEAR

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10332595A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-02-24 Siemens Ag Electrical switchgear drive arrangement e.g. for actuators esp. contactors and relays, includes control device for controlling movement quantity of armature or of contact
DE10332595B4 (en) * 2003-07-17 2008-02-14 Siemens Ag Device and method for driving electrical switching devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1068968C (en) 2001-07-25
CN1202269A (en) 1998-12-16
EP0865660A2 (en) 1998-09-23
DE59604468D1 (en) 2000-03-23
JP2000501550A (en) 2000-02-08
WO1997021237A2 (en) 1997-06-12
WO1997021237A3 (en) 1997-08-21

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