EP0864755A2 - Double pump with sequential or synchronous operation - Google Patents

Double pump with sequential or synchronous operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0864755A2
EP0864755A2 EP98104145A EP98104145A EP0864755A2 EP 0864755 A2 EP0864755 A2 EP 0864755A2 EP 98104145 A EP98104145 A EP 98104145A EP 98104145 A EP98104145 A EP 98104145A EP 0864755 A2 EP0864755 A2 EP 0864755A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
double
flow rate
switched
pumps
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Granted
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EP98104145A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0864755B1 (en
EP0864755A3 (en
EP0864755B2 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Resch
Jürgen Hübner
Hunnekuhl
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Wilo SE
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Wilo GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/029—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions for pumps operating in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double pump with a first pump for generating smaller flow rates Q kl at a predeterminable differential pressure between the pump suction and the pump outlet side and a second pump that can be connected to the first pump for generating larger flow rates Q gr and a pump control that controls the two pumps.
  • Double pumps are well known from the prior art and are among others used in heating circuits to Cover demand peaks of the pumped heating water can. Modern double pumps are made by changing the Speed at constant or predetermined variable final pressure regulated.
  • Two control concepts are used for the double pumps Commitment.
  • the two pumps the double pump covering the entire control range of the required flow rate synchronously, i.e. with the same Speed, operated.
  • the second concept is first only one of the two pumps to cover the required Flow used. Once this pump reaches its maximum Speed has reached, the second pump is switched on and continuously to cover even larger flows up-regulated, the first pump still with maximum Speed running.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of a conventional double pump to improve without building the To change double pump.
  • Such a control has the advantage that the two pumps the double pump is closer to yours in almost the entire delivery area Promote each efficiency optimum, so that this the overall efficiency of the double pump according to the invention elevated.
  • Such operation of the double pump still has the Advantage that without a separate pressure sensor, only by Acquisition and evaluation of the pump's internal speed parameters, Current and power consumed, good control accuracy can be reached.
  • This control accuracy is therefore guaranteed because the activation of the second pump in one Area in which the power consumption falls with increasing Flow rate of the first pump rises steep enough so that a change in performance can be determined with sufficient accuracy and thus when the flow rate Q * is reached, the second pump is switched on can be.
  • This is the case with known double pumps, which are not operated by means of the second control concept guaranteed because in the range of the maximum speed Performance curve is flat or falling and through the Observation of the power consumption of the first pump of the Switch-on point of the second pump is not sufficiently precise can be determined.
  • Figure 1 shows a delivery head-flow rate diagram with drawn pumps and consumer characteristics for the two Control concepts known from the prior art.
  • Figure 2 shows the for a certain constant head Power consumption of the two from the prior art known and explained control concepts for Double pumps. It can be clearly seen that the required Performance to achieve a specific flow rate Q at small flow rates in synchronous operation (first Control concept) is larger than that of the load-dependent one Switch-on operation (second control concept), in which after The second pump reaches the maximum speed of the first pump Pump is switched on.
  • the performance curves of the two Control concepts intersect as they grow Flow rates at flow rate Q *. With flow rates Q larger Q * is the power consumption of the synchronous operation of the Double pump significantly lower than that of the start-up mode The maximum speed of the first pump is reached.
  • the Performance curves are consistent with very large ones Flow rates when both pumps are at maximum speed promote.
  • Flow rate Q * is achieved that the power consumption P of Double pump up and down the lowest curve below the flow rate Q * of the two control concepts corresponds.
  • the second pump is not switched on at the same flow rate as the switching off.
  • the flow rate Q must be selected to generate a hysteresis greater than the shutdown flow rate Q ab .
  • Figure 4 shows the power consumption of the first pump for a constant speed. It can be clearly seen that the Curve curve for flow rates Q greater than Q * flattened and at even larger flow rates is even falling. Anyn't external pressure sensor to determine the pressure difference between Pump suction and pump outlet side used, but would only the pump's internal speed parameters, power and current consumption observed, so through the flat or falling up to the maximum flow Power consumption curve not determined with certainty when the maximum flow of the pump is reached.

Abstract

The twin pump assembly, with a control switch action between the first pump for small volume flows and a second pump for larger volume flows, sets the rotary speed of the first pump at a continuous increase until the pumped flow Q* reaches a given level when the second pump is switched into use. The control returns the first pump into service, when the pumped flow drops to the set level Q*. With a pumped flow of Q ≥ Q*, both pumps are operated at the same rotary speed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Doppelpumpe mit einer ersten Pumpe zur Erzeugung von kleineren Förderströmen Qkl bei vorgebbarem Differenzdruck zwischen der Pumpenansaug- und der Pumpenauslaßseite und einer zur ersten Pumpe zuschaltbaren zweiten Pumpe zur Erzeugung von größeren Förderströmen Qgr und einer die beiden Pumpen steuernden Pumpensteuerung.The invention relates to a double pump with a first pump for generating smaller flow rates Q kl at a predeterminable differential pressure between the pump suction and the pump outlet side and a second pump that can be connected to the first pump for generating larger flow rates Q gr and a pump control that controls the two pumps.

Doppelpumpen sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt und werden u.a. in Heizkreisläufen eingesetzt, um Bedarfsspitzen des geförderten Heizungswassers abdecken zu können. Moderne Doppelpumpen werden dabei durch Veränderung der Drehzahl auf konstanten oder vorgegebenen variablen Endruck geregelt.Double pumps are well known from the prior art and are among others used in heating circuits to Cover demand peaks of the pumped heating water can. Modern double pumps are made by changing the Speed at constant or predetermined variable final pressure regulated.

Dabei kommen zwei Steuerungskonzepte für die Doppelpumpen zum Einsatz. Beim ersten Steuerungskonzept werden die beiden Pumpen der Doppelpumpe über den gesamten Regelungsbereich zur Deckung des benötigten Förderstroms synchron, d.h. mit gleicher Drehzahl, betrieben. Beim zweiten Konzept wird dagegen zuerst lediglich eine der beiden Pumpen zur Deckung des geforderten Förderstroms verwendet. Sobald diese Pumpe ihre maximale Drehzahl erreicht hat, wird die zweite Pumpe zugeschaltet und zur Deckung noch größerer Förderströme kontinuierlich hochgeregelt, wobei die erste Pumpe weiterhin mit maximaler Drehzahl läuft. Two control concepts are used for the double pumps Commitment. In the first control concept, the two pumps the double pump covering the entire control range of the required flow rate synchronously, i.e. with the same Speed, operated. The second concept, on the other hand, is first only one of the two pumps to cover the required Flow used. Once this pump reaches its maximum Speed has reached, the second pump is switched on and continuously to cover even larger flows up-regulated, the first pump still with maximum Speed running.

Nachteilig wirkt sich bei diesen Steuerungskonzepten jedoch der erhöhte Energiebedarf aus. So ist der Wirkungsgrad der Pumpe bekanntlich stark abhängig vom Förderstrom.However, the disadvantage of these control concepts is increased energy requirements. This is the efficiency of the pump As is well known, it depends heavily on the flow rate.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den Wirkungsgrad einer herkömmlichen Doppelpumpe zu verbessern ohne den Aufbau der Doppelpumpe zu verändern.The object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of a conventional double pump to improve without building the To change double pump.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Pumpensteuerung die Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe ausgehend von kleineren Förderströmen bis zum Erreichen eines bestimmten größeren Förderstroms Q* kontinuierlich erhöht, wobei bis zum Erreichen des bestimmten Förderstroms Q* die zweite Pumpe ausgeschaltet ist, und daß die Pumpensteuerung bei Erreichen des Förderstroms Q* die zweite Pumpe zur ersten Pumpe zuschaltet, und für alle Förderströme Q >= Q* (Q größer gleich Q*) beide Pumpen mit annähernd der gleichen Drehzahl fördern.This object is achieved in that the pump control system continuously increases the speed of the first pump from smaller flow rates until a certain larger flow rate Q * is reached, the second pump being switched off until the specific flow rate Q * is reached, and that the pump control system when the flow rate Q * is reached, the second pump switches on to the first pump, and for all flow rates Q> = Q * (Q greater than or equal to Q *) pump both pumps at approximately the same speed.

Eine derartige Steuerung hat den Vorteil, daß die beiden Pumpen der Doppelpumpe fast im gesamten Förderbereich näher an ihrem jeweiligen Wirkungsgradoptimum fördern, so daß sich hierdurch der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemäßen Doppelpumpe erhöht.Such a control has the advantage that the two pumps the double pump is closer to yours in almost the entire delivery area Promote each efficiency optimum, so that this the overall efficiency of the double pump according to the invention elevated.

Ein derartiger Betrieb der Doppelpumpe hat weiterhin den Vorteil, daß ohne einen separaten Drucksensor, nur durch Erfassung und Auswertung der pumpeninternen Parameter Drehzahl, Strom und aufgenommene Leistung, eine gute Regelgenauigkeit erreicht werden kann. Diese Regelgenauigkeit ist deshalb gewährleistet, da das Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe in einem Bereich fällt, in dem die Leistungsaufnahme bei zunehmendem Förderstrom der ersten Pumpe noch steil genug ansteigt, so daß eine Leistungsänderung genügend genau ermittelbar ist und somit bei erreichtem Förderstrom Q* die zweite Pumpe zugeschaltet werden kann. Dies ist bei bekannten Doppelpumpen, welche mittels des zweiten Steuerungskonzepts betrieben werden nicht gewährleistet, da im Bereich der maximalen Drehzahl die Leistungskurve flach bzw. fallend verläuft und durch die Beobachtung der Leistungsaufnahme der ersten Pumpe der Zuschaltpunkt der zweiten Pumpe nicht hinreichend genau ermittelbar ist.Such operation of the double pump still has the Advantage that without a separate pressure sensor, only by Acquisition and evaluation of the pump's internal speed parameters, Current and power consumed, good control accuracy can be reached. This control accuracy is therefore guaranteed because the activation of the second pump in one Area in which the power consumption falls with increasing Flow rate of the first pump rises steep enough so that a change in performance can be determined with sufficient accuracy and thus when the flow rate Q * is reached, the second pump is switched on can be. This is the case with known double pumps, which are not operated by means of the second control concept guaranteed because in the range of the maximum speed Performance curve is flat or falling and through the Observation of the power consumption of the first pump of the Switch-on point of the second pump is not sufficiently precise can be determined.

Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn die zweite Pumpe bei sinkendem Bedarf nicht bei dem gleichen Förderstrom Q* abgeschaltet wird, bei dem sie vorher zugeschaltet wurde, damit ein instabiler Betriebszustand vermieden wird. Die so vorgegebene Hysterese verhindert ein dauerndes Zu- und Abschalten der zweiten Pumpe und einen damit einhergehenden schnellen Verschleiß der Doppelpumpe.It is also advantageous if the second pump falling demand not at the same flow rate Q * is switched off at which it was previously switched on, so an unstable operating state is avoided. The so The specified hysteresis prevents permanent closing and Switching off the second pump and an associated one rapid wear of the double pump.

Nachfolgend wird anhand von Diagrammen die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of diagrams explained.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Ein Förderhöhe-Förderstrom-Diagramm für eine Doppelpumpe;
Figur 2
ein Leistungsaufnahme-Diagramm für eine Doppelpumpe im Synchron- sowie im lastabhängigen Zuschaltbetrieb;
Figur 3
ein Förderhöhe-Förderstrom-Diagramm für die erfindungsgemäße Doppelpumpe;
Figur 4
ein Leistungsaufnahme-Förderstrom-Diagramm für eine Pumpe der Doppelpumpe.
Show it:
Figure 1
A head-flow diagram for a double pump;
Figure 2
a power consumption diagram for a double pump in synchronous and load-dependent start-up mode;
Figure 3
a head-flow diagram for the double pump according to the invention;
Figure 4
a power consumption flow diagram for a pump of the double pump.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Förderhöhe-Förderstrom-Diagramm mit eingezeichneten Pumpen und Verbraucherkennlinien für die beiden aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Steuerungskonzepte.Figure 1 shows a delivery head-flow rate diagram with drawn pumps and consumer characteristics for the two Control concepts known from the prior art.

Figur 2 zeigt für eine bestimmte konstante Förderhöhe die Leistungsaufnahme der beiden aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten und oben erläuterten Steuerungskonzepten für Doppelpumpen. Es ist deutlich zu erkennen, daß die benötigte Leistung zur Erzielung eines bestimmten Förderstroms Q bei kleinen Förderströmen im Synchronbetrieb (erstes Steuerungskonzept) größer ist als beim lastabhängigen Zuschaltbetrieb (zweites Steuerungskonzept), bei dem nach Erreichen der maximalen Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe die zweite Pumpe hinzugeschaltet wird. Die Leistungskurven der beiden Steuerungskonzepte schneiden sich bei größer werdenden Förderströmen beim Förderstrom Q*. Bei Förderströmen Q größer Q* ist die Leistungsaufnahme des Synchronbetriebs der Doppelpumpe deutlich geringer als die des Zuschaltbetriebes bei Erreichen der maximalen Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe. Die Leistungskurven decken sich konsequenterweise bei sehr großen Förderströmen, wenn beide Pumpen mit maximaler Drehzahl fördern.Figure 2 shows the for a certain constant head Power consumption of the two from the prior art known and explained control concepts for Double pumps. It can be clearly seen that the required Performance to achieve a specific flow rate Q at small flow rates in synchronous operation (first Control concept) is larger than that of the load-dependent one Switch-on operation (second control concept), in which after The second pump reaches the maximum speed of the first pump Pump is switched on. The performance curves of the two Control concepts intersect as they grow Flow rates at flow rate Q *. With flow rates Q larger Q * is the power consumption of the synchronous operation of the Double pump significantly lower than that of the start-up mode The maximum speed of the first pump is reached. The Performance curves are consistent with very large ones Flow rates when both pumps are at maximum speed promote.

Aus dem Leistungsdiagramm der Figur 2 ist ferner zu entnehmen, daß die Leistungsaufnahme beim Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe (zweites Steuerungskonzept) sprunghaft steigt.From the performance diagram in FIG. 2 it can also be seen that that the power consumption when switching on the second pump (second control concept) increases by leaps and bounds.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe bei dem Förderstrom Q* wird erreicht, daß die Leistungsaufnahme P der Doppelpumpe jeweils dem niedrigsten Kurvenverlauf ober- und unterhalb des Förderstroms Q* der beiden Steuerungskonzepte entspricht.By switching on the second pump according to the invention Flow rate Q * is achieved that the power consumption P of Double pump up and down the lowest curve below the flow rate Q * of the two control concepts corresponds.

Zur Erzielung des stabilen Betriebszustands erfolgt, wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, das Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe nicht beim gleichen Förderstrom wie das Abschalten. Dabei muß der Förderstrom Qzu zur Erzeugung einer Hysterese größer als der Abschaltförderstrom Qab gewählt werden.To achieve the stable operating state, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the second pump is not switched on at the same flow rate as the switching off. The flow rate Q must be selected to generate a hysteresis greater than the shutdown flow rate Q ab .

Figur 4 zeigt die Leistungsaufnahme der ersten Pumpe für eine konstante Drehzahl. Es ist deutlich zu erkennen, daß sich der Kurvenverlauf für Förderströme Q größer Q* abflacht und bei noch größeren Förderströmen sogar fallend ist. Würde kein externer Drucksensor zur Ermittlung der Druckdifferenz zwischen Pumpenansaug- und Pumpenauslaßseite verwendet, sondern würden ausschließlich die pumpeninternen Parameter Drehzahl, aufgenommene Leistung sowie Stromaufnahme beobachtet, so kann durch den bis zum maximalen Förderstrom flach bzw. abfallenden Kurvenverlauf der Leistungsaufnahme nicht sicher festgestellt werden, wann der maximale Förderstrom der Pumpe erreicht ist.Figure 4 shows the power consumption of the first pump for a constant speed. It can be clearly seen that the Curve curve for flow rates Q greater than Q * flattened and at even larger flow rates is even falling. Wouldn't external pressure sensor to determine the pressure difference between Pump suction and pump outlet side used, but would only the pump's internal speed parameters, power and current consumption observed, so through the flat or falling up to the maximum flow Power consumption curve not determined with certainty when the maximum flow of the pump is reached.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Zuschalten der Pumpe bei dem Förderstrom Q*, welcher deutlich kleiner ist als der Förderstrom Q bei maximaler Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe, wird erreicht, daß das Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe in einen Bereich der Leistungsaufnahme-Kurve gem. Figur 4 fällt, bei dem der Kurvenverlauf noch genügend steil ansteigend ist, so daß mit der Beobachtung der pumpeninternen Parameter der Zuschaltpunkt hinreichend genau bestimmbar ist.By switching on the pump according to the invention Flow rate Q *, which is significantly smaller than that Flow rate Q at the maximum speed of the first pump achieved that switching on the second pump in one area the power consumption curve acc. Figure 4 falls, in which the Curve is still steep enough to rise with the observation of the internal parameters of the pump the connection point can be determined with sufficient accuracy.

Die Ermittlung des Differenzdrucks bzw. des momentan geförderten Förderstroms Q einer Pumpe mit Hilfe der pumpeninternen Parameter ist Stand der Technik und soll hier nicht weiter erläutert werden.The determination of the differential pressure or the momentary conveyed flow Q of a pump using the Pump internal parameters are state of the art and should be here not explained further.

Claims (6)

Doppelpumpe mit einer ersten Pumpe zur Erzeugung von kleineren Förderströmen Qkl bei vorgebbarem Differenzdruck zwischen der Pumpenansaug- und der Pumpenauslaßseite und einer zur ersten Pumpe zuschaltbaren zweiten Pumpe zur Erzeugung von größeren Förderströmen Qgr, und einer die beiden Pumpen steuernden Pumpensteuerung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Pumpensteuerung die Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe bis zum Erreichen eines bestimmten Förderstroms Q* kontinuierlich erhöht, wobei bis zum Erreichen des bestimmten Förderstroms Q* die zweite Pumpe ausgeschaltet ist, und daß die Pumpensteuerung bei Erreichen des Förderstroms Q* die zweite Pumpe zur ersten Pumpe zuschaltet, und für alle Förderströme Q >= Q* (Q größer gleich Q*) beide Pumpen mit der gleichen Drehzahl fördern. Double pump with a first pump for generating smaller flow rates Q kl at a predeterminable differential pressure between the pump suction and pump outlet side and a second pump that can be connected to the first pump for generating larger flow rates Q gr , and a pump control that controls the two pumps,
characterized in that
the pump control continuously increases the speed of the first pump until a certain delivery flow Q * is reached, the second pump being switched off until the certain delivery flow Q * is reached, and that the pump control switches on the second pump to the first pump when the flow rate Q * is reached, and for all flow rates Q> = Q * (Q greater than or equal to Q *) pump both pumps at the same speed. Doppelpumpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ausgehend von einem Förderstrom Q > Q* (Q größer Q*), bei sinkendem Bedarf die Pumpensteuerung die zweite Pumpe abschaltet, sobald der von beiden Pumpen erzeugte Förderstrom Q ungefähr gleich Q* ist.Double pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that, starting from a flow rate Q> Q * (Q greater than Q *), the pump control switches off the second pump when the demand drops, as soon as the flow rate Q generated by both pumps is approximately equal to Q *. Doppelpumpe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Pumpe bei einem Förderstrom Q*zu zugeschaltet und bei einem Förderstrom Q*ab abgeschaltet wird, wobei Q*zu > Q*ab ist. Double pump according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second pump at a flow rate Q * to be switched and * is from off when a flow rate Q, wherein Q * is> Q * ab. Doppelpumpe nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Zuschalten die Pumpensteuerung die Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe auf die Drehzahl der zweiten Pumpe absenkt, derart, daß der vor dem Zuschalten der zweiten Pumpe von der ersten Pumpe allein geförderte Förderstrom Q*zu nach dem Zuschalten von beiden Pumpen gemeinsam zu gleichen Teilen gefördert wird.Double pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the pump control is switched on, the speed of the first pump is reduced to the speed of the second pump, in such a way that the flow rate Q * delivered by the first pump alone before the second pump is switched on according to Switching on of both pumps is promoted in equal parts. Doppelpumpe nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Abschalten der zweiten Pumpe die Pumpensteuerung die Drehzahl der ersten Pumpe erhöht, derart, daß der von der ersten Pumpe geförderte Förderstrom gleich dem vor dem Abschalten der zweiten Pumpe von beiden Pumpen gemeinsam geförderte Förderstrom ist.Double pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the second pump is switched off, the pump control increases the speed of the first pump such that the delivery flow conveyed by the first pump is equal to the delivery flow conveyed jointly by both pumps before the second pump was switched off . Doppelpumpe nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der von der Doppelpumpe geförderte Förderstrom Q mittels der pumpeninternen Parameter Drehzahl, Stromaufnahme und verbrauchte Leistung ermittelbar ist.Double pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the delivery flow Q conveyed by the double pump can be determined by means of the pump's internal parameters speed, current consumption and consumed power.
EP98104145A 1997-03-14 1998-03-09 Double pump with sequential or synchronous operation Expired - Lifetime EP0864755B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19710675 1997-03-14
DE19710675A DE19710675B8 (en) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Double pump with single and synchronous operation

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EP0864755A2 true EP0864755A2 (en) 1998-09-16
EP0864755A3 EP0864755A3 (en) 2000-11-29
EP0864755B1 EP0864755B1 (en) 2003-08-13
EP0864755B2 EP0864755B2 (en) 2011-03-16

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EP1984628A1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2008-10-29 Ingersoll-Rand Company Multi-stage compression system and method of operating the same
EP1984628B1 (en) * 2006-02-13 2014-12-17 Ingersoll-Rand Company Multi-stage compression system and method of operating the same
EP3421805A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-02 Taco, Inc. Self-sensing parallel control of pumps
US10844862B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2020-11-24 Taco, Inc. Self-sensing parallel control of pumps

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Publication number Publication date
DE19710675B4 (en) 2012-01-12
DE19710675A1 (en) 1998-09-17
DE59809242D1 (en) 2003-10-02
DE19710675B8 (en) 2012-03-29
EP0864755B1 (en) 2003-08-13
EP0864755A3 (en) 2000-11-29
EP0864755B2 (en) 2011-03-16

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