EP0857776A1 - Mineral oil and mineral oil distillate flowability improvemnt using alkylphenol-aldehyde resins - Google Patents
Mineral oil and mineral oil distillate flowability improvemnt using alkylphenol-aldehyde resins Download PDFInfo
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- EP0857776A1 EP0857776A1 EP97122900A EP97122900A EP0857776A1 EP 0857776 A1 EP0857776 A1 EP 0857776A1 EP 97122900 A EP97122900 A EP 97122900A EP 97122900 A EP97122900 A EP 97122900A EP 0857776 A1 EP0857776 A1 EP 0857776A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mineral oil
- alkylphenol
- paraffin
- ppm
- ethylene
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
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- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for improving the flowability of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin by adding Flow improvers based on ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and terpolymers, Alkylphenol aldehyde resins and optionally other paraffin dispersants.
- Crude oils and middle distillates obtained by distilling crude oils such as gas oil, Diesel oil or heating oil contain different ones depending on the origin of the crude oils Amounts of n-paraffins, which as a platelet when the temperature is lowered Crystallize crystals and partially agglomerate with the inclusion of oil This crystallization and agglomeration leads to a deterioration the flow properties of the oils or distillates, which means that during extraction, transport, Storage and / or use of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates may occur. This can happen when transporting mineral oils through pipes Crystallization phenomenon, especially in winter, to deposits on the Pipe walls, in individual cases, e.g. if a pipeline is at a standstill, even to it cause complete constipation.
- the mineral oils When storing and processing the Mineral oils may also be required in winter, the mineral oils in heated To store tanks. With mineral oil distillates, it occurs as a result of crystallization if necessary, clogging of the filters in diesel engines and Firing systems, which prevents safe metering of the fuels and possibly complete interruption of fuel or Heating medium supply occurs.
- Typical flow improvers for crude oils and middle distillates are copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene with carboxylic acid esters of vinyl alcohol.
- Another task of flow improver additives is to disperse the Paraffin crystals, i.e. the delay or prevention of sedimentation of the Paraffin crystals and thus the formation of a paraffin-rich layer on the bottom of Storage containers.
- the monomeric paraffin dispersants are, for example, from EP-A-0 413 279 Reaction products of alkenyl spirobis lactones with amines are known.
- EP-A-0 061 894 are also oil-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds such as e.g. Reaction products of phthalic anhydride with amines described in Mixture with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers can be used.
- EP-A-0 688 796 discloses copolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Olefins with at least 3 carbon atoms and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Dicarboxylic anhydrides are known, the dicarboxylic anhydride units by polymer-analogous reaction with polyetheramines or alkanolamines in Imide, amide or ammonium units are transferred.
- EP-A-0 606 055 discloses terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and Polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower, unsaturated alcohols, and their Use as paraffin inhibitors for petroleum products containing paraffin.
- EP-A-0 154 177 describes reaction products of alternating copolymers based on maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds primary monoalkylamines and aliphatic alcohols described. This Copolymers are particularly useful as paraffin inhibitors for those containing paraffin Petroleum products, such as crude oils and distillation residues from Petroleum processing, suitable.
- EP-A-0 436 151 describes reaction products of copolymers based on Maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds with dialkylamines known.
- EP-A-0 283 293 discloses copolymers based on aliphatic olefins and Maleic anhydride, the copolymer having both ester and amide groups must have, each of which has an alkyl group with at least 10 Contains carbon atoms, and copolymers obtained by reacting one secondary amine with a polymer containing anhydride groups, from which Anhydride groups in equal parts of amides or ammonium salts are formed.
- paraffin dispersants are usually used with others Flow improvers, in particular ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, are used.
- emulsion splitters have the ability to take an oil / water emulsion Break formation of separate oil and water phases. You must therefore both Hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic structural units contain, on the one hand Side to dissolve sufficiently in the oil of the oil / water emulsion to the latter split, and on the other hand after the phase separation in the to enrich the aqueous phase.
- emulsion splitter with a flow-improving / paraffin-inhibiting effect suitable according to WO93 / 14178 alkoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde resins.
- oxalkyl side chain which represents the hydrophilic structural part, up to 50 Oxalkyl units, each having 2 - 6 carbon atoms.
- EP-A-0 311 452 discloses condensation products of at least 80 mol% difunctional, alkylated phenol and aldehydes containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms include, as a flow improver for mineral oils.
- the use of Condensation products of monoalkylated phenols with aldehydes as Flow improvers or paraffin dispersants are not disclosed.
- paraffin-dispersing action of the known paraffin dispersants is not always sufficient, so that when the oils cool down partially form large wax crystals, which due to their higher density in the course sediment the time and thus to form a paraffin-rich layer on Lead the bottom of storage containers.
- Problems occur especially with the additives of paraffin-rich narrow distillation cuts with boiling ranges from 20-90 Vol% less than 110 ° C, especially less than 100 ° C. Even with distillates with one more than 20 ° C, in particular more than 25 ° C large temperature difference between The boiling point and the temperature at which 90% by volume are distilled can be determined by the Addition of known additives often does not provide sufficient paraffin dispersion achieve.
- alkylphenol-aldehyde resins themselves have a paraffin-dispersing effect, excellent solubilizers between these substances.
- the alkylphenols are preferably para-substituted. They are preferably too at most 7 mol%, in particular at most 3 mol% with more than one Alkyl group substituted.
- the additives A, B and optionally C can be the paraffinic Mineral oils or mineral oil distillates are added separately.
- the individual additives or corresponding mixtures before addition to the mineral oils or Mineral oil distillates dissolved in an organic solvent or dispersant or dispersed.
- the solution or dispersion contains 5-90, preferably 5-75% by weight of the respective mixture.
- Suitable solvents or dispersants are aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. Gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or commercial solvent mixtures such as ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR and Shellsol D types.
- polar solubilizers such as 2-ethylhexanol, Decanol, iso-decanol or iso-tridecanol can be added.
- the mineral oils or mineral oil distillates can also be other common Additives such as dewaxing agents, corrosion inhibitors, Antioxidants, lubricity additives, sludge inhibitors, cetane number improvers, Detergent additives, dehazers, conductivity improvers or dyes.
- Additives such as dewaxing agents, corrosion inhibitors, Antioxidants, lubricity additives, sludge inhibitors, cetane number improvers, Detergent additives, dehazers, conductivity improvers or dyes.
- Another object of the invention is an additive mixture for Paraffin dispersion in mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin, containing at least one paraffin dispersant and at least one aliphatic or aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon as solvent, characterized in that at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as Solubilizer is added.
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing Solutions of paraffin dispersants in aliphatic or aromatic liquid Hydrocarbons by adding an alkylphenol-aldehyde resin to the mixture of these substances adds.
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins B are known in principle and, for example, in Römpp Chemistry lexicon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, pp. 3351ff. described.
- the alkyl radicals of the o- or p-alkylphenol have 1-20, preferably 4-16, especially 6-12 carbon atoms; it is preferably n-, iso- and tert. Butyl, n- and iso-pentyl, n- and iso-hexyl, n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n-and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl.
- the alkylphenol aldehyde can also contain up to 50 mol% Contain phenol units.
- the same or different alkylphenols can be used.
- the aliphatic aldehyde in Alkylphenol aldehyde resin B has 1-4 carbon atoms and is preferred Formaldehyde.
- the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is 400 - 10,000, preferably 400 - 5000 g / mol. The prerequisite here is that the resins are oil-soluble.
- the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins B are prepared in a known manner by basic catalysis, whereby condensation products of the resol type arise, or by acidic catalysis, producing condensation products of the novolak type.
- the condensates obtained in both ways are as additives B in method according to the invention suitable.
- the condensation is preferred in Presence of acidic catalysts.
- Suitable alkylphenols are in particular C 4 -C 12 alkylphenols such as o- or p-cresol, n-, sec. - and tert. Butylphenol, n- and i-pentylphenol, n- and iso-hexylphenol, n- and iso-octylphenol, n- and iso-nonylphenol, n- and iso-decylphenol, n- and iso-dodecylphenol
- the alkylphenols to be used can be small amounts, preferably up to about 10 mol%, in particular up to 7 mol% and especially up to 3 mol% Contain dialkylphenols.
- aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, formaldehyde is preferred.
- the formaldehyde can be in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of a preferably 20-40 wt .-% aqueous formalin solution can be used. It appropriate amounts of trioxane can also be used.
- alkylphenol and aldehyde usually takes place in the presence of alkaline catalysts, for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines, or of acidic catalysts, for example inorganic or organic Acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, Sulfamido acids or haloacetic acids, and in the presence of one with water Azeotropic organic solvent, for example toluene, xylene, higher aromatics or mixtures thereof.
- the reaction mixture is on a Temperature of 90 to 200 ° C, preferably 100-160 ° C heated, which water of reaction formed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation Will get removed.
- the resins can be used directly or after neutralization of the catalyst are used, if necessary after further dilution of the solution with aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. Gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or solvents such as ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR and Shellsol D types.
- aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures e.g. Gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or solvents such as ®Solvent Na
- Such ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers or terpolymers having a Ethylene content of 60-90% by weight Such ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers or terpolymers having a Ethylene content of 60-90% by weight.
- the polar ones are preferred nitrogenous compounds.
- monomeric polar nitrogen-containing compounds C for example following substances are used.
- EP-A-0 413 279 describes suitable reaction products of Alkenylspirobislactones with amines are described.
- the oil-soluble reaction products of EP-A-0 061 894 Phthalic anhydride with amines can be mixed with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers be used.
- reaction products known from EP-A-0 597 278 of Aminoalkylene carboxylic acids with primary or secondary amines as monomers nitrogenous compounds C are also known from EP-A-0 597 278 of Aminoalkylene carboxylic acids with primary or secondary amines as monomers nitrogenous compounds C.
- Additive A can also Mixtures of different ethylene vinyl ester copolymers or terpolymers are used which have a different qualitative and / or quantitative Composition and / or different viscosities (measured at 140 ° C) exhibit.
- Mixtures of alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are also additive B. usable as the various alkylphenols and / or aldehydes Components included.
- Mixtures of several of B various paraffin dispersants C can be used. Leave this way the flow improvers adapt to individual requirements.
- Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin are within the meaning of the invention for example crude oils, distillation residues from petroleum processing or others paraffinic oils. (compare e.g. Compositions and Properties of Petroleum, F. Enke Publishers, Stuttgart 1981, pages 1 - 37). Mineral oil products containing paraffin, in particular middle distillates such as jet fuel, diesel, heating oil EL and heavy heating oil is due to a boiling range of 120 - 500 ° C, preferably 150 - 400 ° C characterized.
- the paraffins are straight-chain or branched alkanes with about 10 - 50 carbon atoms.
- the cold flow behavior was determined as follows:
- test oils were measured at room temperature using the ones in Table 2 specified amounts of the additives tempered at 60 ° C, 15 minutes heated to 40 ° C with occasional shaking and then on Cooled to room temperature.
- the middle distillate so additized was according to EN 116 determines the CFPP value (Cold Filter Plugging Point).
- the paraffin dispersion in middle distillates was as follows in the short sediment test proven:
- Representative winter diesel fuels were selected for the following tests German refineries.
- the middle distillates were at room temperature mixed with the stated amounts of the additives heated to 60 ° C., 15 Minunten heated to 40 ° C with occasional shaking and then on Cooled to room temperature.
- the middle distillate so additized was according to EN 116 determines the CFPP value.
- the additive middle distillates were in 200 ml measuring cylinders in one Refrigerator cooled to -2 ° C / hour to -13 ° C and 16 hours at this Temperature stored. Subsequently, both volume and appearance were visual the sediment (paraffin phase) as well as the oil phase above it and judged. A small amount of sediment and a cloudy oil phase show one good paraffin dispersion.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fließfähigkeit von paraffinhaltigen Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten durch Zusatz von Fließverbesserern auf der Basis von Ethylen-Vinylester-Co- und -Terpolymeren, Alkylphenol-Aldehydharzen sowie gegebenenfalls weiteren Paraffin-Dispergatoren.The invention relates to a method for improving the flowability of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin by adding Flow improvers based on ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and terpolymers, Alkylphenol aldehyde resins and optionally other paraffin dispersants.
Rohöle und durch Destillation von Rohölen gewonnene Mitteldestillate wie Gasöl, Dieselöl oder Heizöl enthalten je nach Herkunft der Rohöle unterschiedliche Mengen an n-Paraffinen, die bei Erniedrigung der Temperatur als plättchenförmige Kristalle auskristallisieren und teilweise unter Einschluß von Öl agglomerieren Durch diese Kristallisation und Agglomeration kommt es zu einer Verschlechterung der Fließeigenschaften der Öle bzw. Destillate, wodurch bei Gewinnung, Transport, Lagerung und/oder Einsatz der Mineralöle und Mineralöldestillate Störungen auftreten können. Beim Transport von Mineralölen durch Rohrleitungen kann das Kristallisationsphänomen vor allem im Winter zu Ablagerungen an den Rohrwänden, in Einzelfällen, z.B. bei Stillstand einer Pipeline, sogar zu deren völliger Verstopfung führen. Bei der Lagerung und Weiterverarbeitung der Mineralöle kann es ferner im Winter erforderlich sein, die Mineralöle in beheizten Tanks zu lagern. Bei Mineralöldestillaten kommt es als Folge der Kristallisation gegebenenfalls zu Verstopfungen der Filter in Dieselmotoren und Feuerungsanlagen, wodurch eine sichere Dosierung der Brennstoffe verhindert wird und unter Umständen eine völlige Unterbrechung der Kraftstoff- bzw. Heizmittelzufuhr eintritt.Crude oils and middle distillates obtained by distilling crude oils such as gas oil, Diesel oil or heating oil contain different ones depending on the origin of the crude oils Amounts of n-paraffins, which as a platelet when the temperature is lowered Crystallize crystals and partially agglomerate with the inclusion of oil This crystallization and agglomeration leads to a deterioration the flow properties of the oils or distillates, which means that during extraction, transport, Storage and / or use of mineral oils and mineral oil distillates may occur. This can happen when transporting mineral oils through pipes Crystallization phenomenon, especially in winter, to deposits on the Pipe walls, in individual cases, e.g. if a pipeline is at a standstill, even to it cause complete constipation. When storing and processing the Mineral oils may also be required in winter, the mineral oils in heated To store tanks. With mineral oil distillates, it occurs as a result of crystallization if necessary, clogging of the filters in diesel engines and Firing systems, which prevents safe metering of the fuels and possibly complete interruption of fuel or Heating medium supply occurs.
Neben den klassischen Methoden zur Beseitigung der auskristallisierten Paraffine (thermisch, mechanisch oder mit Lösungsmitteln), die sich lediglich auf die Entfernung der bereits gebildeten Ausfällungen beziehen, wurden in den letzten Jahren chemische Additive (sogenannte Fließverbesserer) entwickelt. Diese bewirken durch physikalisches Zusammenwirken mit den ausfallenden Paraffinkristallen, daß deren Form, Größe und Adhäsionseigenschaften modifiziert werden. Die Additive wirken dabei als zusätzliche Kristallkeime und kristallisieren teilweise mit den Paraffinen aus, wodurch eine größere Anzahl kleinerer Paraffinkristalle mit veränderter Kristallform entsteht. Die modifizierten Paraffinkristalle neigen weniger zur Agglomeration, so daß sich die mit diesen Additiven versetzten Öle noch bei Temperaturen pumpen bzw. verarbeiten lassen, die oft mehr als 20° tiefer liegen als bei nichtadditivierten Ölen.In addition to the classic methods for removing the crystallized paraffins (thermal, mechanical or with solvents) that only affect the Removal of the already formed precipitates have been made in the last Years of chemical additives (so-called flow improvers) have been developed. This effect through physical interaction with the failing Paraffin crystals that modify their shape, size and adhesive properties will. The additives act as additional crystal nuclei and crystallize partially with the paraffins, causing a larger number of smaller ones Paraffin crystals with a changed crystal shape are formed. The modified Paraffin crystals are less prone to agglomeration, so that they deal with them Additive-added oils can be pumped or processed at temperatures, which are often more than 20 ° lower than with non-additive oils.
Typische Fließverbesserer für Rohöle und Mitteldestillate sind Co- und Terpolymere des Ethylens mit Carbonsäureestern des Vinylalkohols.Typical flow improvers for crude oils and middle distillates are copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene with carboxylic acid esters of vinyl alcohol.
Ein weitere Aufgabe von Fließverbessereradditiven ist die Dispergierung der Paraffinkristalle, d.h. die Verzögerung bzw. Verhinderung der Sedimentation der Paraffinkristalle und damit der Bildung einer paraffinreichen Schicht am Boden von Lagerbehältern.Another task of flow improver additives is to disperse the Paraffin crystals, i.e. the delay or prevention of sedimentation of the Paraffin crystals and thus the formation of a paraffin-rich layer on the bottom of Storage containers.
Es sind verschiedene Paraffin-Dispergatoren sowohl monomerer als auch polymerer Struktur bekannt.Different paraffin dispersants are both monomeric and polymeric Structure known.
Als monomere Paraffin-Dispergatoren sind beispielsweise aus der EP-A-0 413 279 Umsetzungsprodukte von Alkenylspirobislactonen mit Aminen bekannt. In der EP-A-0 061 894 sind ferner öllösliche stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen wie z.B. Umsetzungsprodukte des Phthalsäureanhydrids mit Aminen beschrieben, die in Mischung mit Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymeren eingesetzt werden. Weiterhin sind aus der EP-A-0 597 278 Umsetzungsprodukte von Aminoalkylencarbonsäuren mit primären oder sekundären Aminen bekannt.The monomeric paraffin dispersants are, for example, from EP-A-0 413 279 Reaction products of alkenyl spirobis lactones with amines are known. In EP-A-0 061 894 are also oil-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds such as e.g. Reaction products of phthalic anhydride with amines described in Mixture with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers can be used. Furthermore are from EP-A-0 597 278 reaction products of aminoalkylene carboxylic acids with primary or secondary amines known.
Als polymere Paraffin-Dispergatoren sind beispielsweise die folgenden in der Literatur beschrieben. The following are examples of polymeric paraffin dispersants in US Pat Literature described.
Aus der EP-A-0 688 796 sind Copolymere auf der Basis von α,β-ungesättigten Olefinen mit mindestens 3 C-Atomen und α,β-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydriden bekannt, wobei die Dicarbonsäureanhydrideinheiten durch polymeranaloge Umsetzung mit Polyetheraminen oder Alkanolaminen in Imid-, Amid- oder Ammonium-Einheiten überführt sind.EP-A-0 688 796 discloses copolymers based on α, β-unsaturated Olefins with at least 3 carbon atoms and α, β-unsaturated Dicarboxylic anhydrides are known, the dicarboxylic anhydride units by polymer-analogous reaction with polyetheramines or alkanolamines in Imide, amide or ammonium units are transferred.
Ferner offenbart die EP-A-0 606 055 Terpolymere auf der Basis von α,β-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureanhydriden, α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen und Polyoxyalkylenethern von niederen, ungesättigten Alkoholen, sowie deren Verwendung als Paraffininhibitoren für paraffinhaltige Erdölprodukte.Furthermore, EP-A-0 606 055 discloses terpolymers based on α, β-unsaturated Dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, α, β-unsaturated compounds and Polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower, unsaturated alcohols, and their Use as paraffin inhibitors for petroleum products containing paraffin.
In EP-A-0 154 177 werden Umsetzungsprodukte von alternierenden Copolymeren auf Basis von Maleinsäureanhydrid und α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen mit primären Monoalkylaminen und aliphatischen Alkoholen beschrieben. Diese Copolymeren sind besonders als Paraffininhibitoren für paraffinhaltige Erdölprodukte, beispielsweise Rohöle und Destillationsrückstände der Erdölverarbeitung, geeignet.EP-A-0 154 177 describes reaction products of alternating copolymers based on maleic anhydride and α, β-unsaturated compounds primary monoalkylamines and aliphatic alcohols described. This Copolymers are particularly useful as paraffin inhibitors for those containing paraffin Petroleum products, such as crude oils and distillation residues from Petroleum processing, suitable.
Aus EP-A-0 436 151 sind Umsetzungsprodukte von Copolymeren auf Basis von Maleinsäureanhydrid und α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen mit Dialkylaminen bekannt.EP-A-0 436 151 describes reaction products of copolymers based on Maleic anhydride and α, β-unsaturated compounds with dialkylamines known.
EP-A-0 283 293 offenbart Copolymere auf der Basis von aliphatischen Olefinen und Maleinsäureanhydrid, wobei das Copolymer sowohl Ester- als auch Amidgruppen aufweisen muß, von denen jede eine Alkylgruppe mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen enthält, sowie Copolymere erhalten durch Umsetzung eines sekundären Amins mit einem Polymer, das Anhydridgruppen enthält, wobei aus den Anhydridgruppen zu gleichen Teilen Amide bzw. Ammoniumsalze entstehen.EP-A-0 283 293 discloses copolymers based on aliphatic olefins and Maleic anhydride, the copolymer having both ester and amide groups must have, each of which has an alkyl group with at least 10 Contains carbon atoms, and copolymers obtained by reacting one secondary amine with a polymer containing anhydride groups, from which Anhydride groups in equal parts of amides or ammonium salts are formed.
Diese Paraffin-Dispergatoren werden in der Regel zusammen mit anderen Fließverbesserern, insbesondere Ethylen-Vinylester-Copolymeren, eingesetzt. These paraffin dispersants are usually used with others Flow improvers, in particular ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, are used.
Aus der WO 93/14178 ist es ferner bekannt, daß die Kaltfließeigenschaften von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten erheblich verbessert werden können, indem man als Fließverbesserer bekannte Polyadditionsprodukte (z. B. Ethylen/Vinylester-Copolymere) oder Polykondensationsprodukte in Kombination mit sogenannten Emulsionsspaltern einsetzt.From WO 93/14178 it is also known that the cold flow properties of Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates can be significantly improved by polyaddition products known as flow improvers (e.g. ethylene / vinyl ester copolymers) or polycondensation products in combination with so-called Emulsion splitter uses.
Diese Emulsionsspalter besitzen die Fähigkeit, eine Öl/Wasser-Emulsion unter Bildung getrennter Öl- und Wasser-Phasen zu brechen. Sie müssen daher sowohl hydrophobe als auch hydrophile Struktureinheiten enthalten, um sich auf der einen Seite ausreichend im Öl der Öl/Wasser-Emulsion zu lösen, um letztere aufzuspalten, und sich auf der anderen Seite nach der Phasentrennung in der wäßrigen Phase anzureichern.These emulsion splitters have the ability to take an oil / water emulsion Break formation of separate oil and water phases. You must therefore both Hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic structural units contain, on the one hand Side to dissolve sufficiently in the oil of the oil / water emulsion to the latter split, and on the other hand after the phase separation in the to enrich the aqueous phase.
Als Emulsionsspalter mit fließverbessernder / paraffininhibierender Wirkung sind gemäß WO93/14178 oxalkylierte Alkylphenol-Formaldehydharze geeignet. Hierbei enthält die den hydrophilen Strukturanteil darstellende Oxalkyl-Seitenkette bis zu 50 Oxalkyleinheiten, die jeweils 2 - 6 C-Atome aufweisen.As an emulsion splitter with a flow-improving / paraffin-inhibiting effect suitable according to WO93 / 14178 alkoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde resins. Here contains the oxalkyl side chain, which represents the hydrophilic structural part, up to 50 Oxalkyl units, each having 2 - 6 carbon atoms.
EP-A-0 311 452 offenbart Kondensationsprodukte aus mindestens 80 mol-% difunktionellem, alkyliertem Phenol und Aldehyden, die 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfassen, als Fließverbesserer für Mineralöle. Die Verwendung von Kondensationsprodukten monoalkylierter Phenole mit Aldehyden als Fließverbesserer oder Paraffindispergatoren wird nicht offenbart.EP-A-0 311 452 discloses condensation products of at least 80 mol% difunctional, alkylated phenol and aldehydes containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms include, as a flow improver for mineral oils. The use of Condensation products of monoalkylated phenols with aldehydes as Flow improvers or paraffin dispersants are not disclosed.
Die oben beschriebene paraffindispergierende Wirkung der bekannten Paraffin-Dispergatoren ist nicht immer ausreichend, so daß sich bei Abkühlung der Öle teilweise große Paraffinkristalle bilden, die auf Grund ihrer höheren Dichte im Laufe der Zeit sedimentieren und somit zur Bildung einer paraffinreichen Schicht am Boden von Lagerbehältern führen. Probleme treten vor allem bei der Additivierung von paraffinreichen engen Destillationsschnitten mit Siedebereichen von 20-90 Vol-% kleiner 110°C, insbesondere kleiner 100°C auf. Auch bei Destillaten mit einer mehr als 20°C, insbesondere mehr als 25°C großen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Siedeende und der Temperatur, bei der 90 Vol-% destilliert sind, läßt sich durch den Zusatz bekannter Additive oftmals keine ausreichende Paraffin-Dispergierung erzielen.The above-described paraffin-dispersing action of the known paraffin dispersants is not always sufficient, so that when the oils cool down partially form large wax crystals, which due to their higher density in the course sediment the time and thus to form a paraffin-rich layer on Lead the bottom of storage containers. Problems occur especially with the additives of paraffin-rich narrow distillation cuts with boiling ranges from 20-90 Vol% less than 110 ° C, especially less than 100 ° C. Even with distillates with one more than 20 ° C, in particular more than 25 ° C large temperature difference between The boiling point and the temperature at which 90% by volume are distilled can be determined by the Addition of known additives often does not provide sufficient paraffin dispersion achieve.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, die Fließfähigkeit, und zwar insbesondere die Paraffindispergierung bei Mineralölen bzw. Mineralöldestillaten durch den Zusatz geeigneter Additive zu verbessern.There was therefore the task of fluidity, especially the Paraffin dispersion for mineral oils or mineral oil distillates through the addition to improve suitable additives.
Weiterhin ist die Löslichkeit von paraffindispergierenden polaren Stickstoffverbindungen in den paraffinischen oder aromatischen Lösemitteln oftmals unbefriedigend. Die Aufgabe bestand somit außerdem darin, einen Lösevermittler zwischen den polaren Stickstoffverbindungen und den paraffinischen oder aromatischen Lösemitteln zu finden.Furthermore, the solubility of paraffin-dispersing polar Often nitrogen compounds in the paraffinic or aromatic solvents unsatisfactory. The task was therefore also to be a broker between the polar nitrogen compounds and the paraffinic or to find aromatic solvents.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß Alkylphenol-Aldehydharze, die selbst eine paraffindispergierende Wirkung besitzen, ausgezeichnete Lösevermittler zwischen diesen Substanzen darstellen.Surprisingly, it was found that alkylphenol-aldehyde resins themselves have a paraffin-dispersing effect, excellent solubilizers between these substances.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fließfähigkeit
von paraffinhaltigen Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten, welches dadurch
gekennzeichnet ist, daß man das paraffinhaltige Mineralöl bzw. Mineralöldestillat mit
Die Alkylphenole sind vorzugsweise para-substituiert. Sie sind vorzugsweise zu höchstens 7 mol-%, insbesondere zu höchstens 3 mol-% mit mehr als einer Alkylgruppe substituiert.The alkylphenols are preferably para-substituted. They are preferably too at most 7 mol%, in particular at most 3 mol% with more than one Alkyl group substituted.
Die Verwendung der Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harze B in Kombination mit den Ethylen/Vinylester-Co-/-Terpolymeren A sowie gegebenenfalls den von B verschiedenen Paraffin-Dispergatoren C wirkt sich positiv auf die Paraffindispergierung aus, d.h. die Anreicherung der bei Abkühlung ausfallenden Paraffinkristalle, z.B. auf dem Tankboden oder dem Kraftstoffilter, wird verzögert bzw. verhindert. Infolge der gleichmäßigen Dispergierung der Paraffinkristalle wird eine homogen trübe Phase erhalten. Es kommt ferner zu einer Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften, insbesondere der Filtrierbarkeit der additivierten paraffinhaltigen Mineralöle und insbesondere Mineralöldestillate unterhalb des Cloud Points.The use of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins B in combination with the Ethylene / vinyl ester co - / - terpolymers A and optionally that of B various paraffin dispersants C has a positive effect on the Paraffin dispersion from, i.e. the accumulation of those that fail when cooling Paraffin crystals, e.g. on the bottom of the tank or the fuel filter is delayed or prevented. As a result of the uniform dispersion of the wax crystals get a homogeneous cloudy phase. There is also an improvement in Cold flow properties, especially the filterability of the additive mineral oils containing paraffin and in particular mineral oil distillates below the Cloud points.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß man das paraffinhaltige Mineralöl bzw. Mineralöldestillat
A) mit 10 - 5000 ppm, bevorzugt 10 - 2000 ppm, bezogen auf das Mineralöl bzw.
Die Additive A, B und gegebenenfalls C können dabei den paraffinhaltigen Mineralölen bzw. Mineralöldestillaten getrennt zugesetzt werden.The additives A, B and optionally C can be the paraffinic Mineral oils or mineral oil distillates are added separately.
Alternativ kann man auch das Additiv A einzeln und die Additive B und C in einer
Mischung zugeben. Derartige Mischungen enthalten
Es ist ferner möglich, daß man das Mineralöl bzw. Mineralöldestillat mit einer
gemeinsamen Mischung der Additive A, B sowie gegebenenfalls C versetzt.
Derartige Mischungen enthalten
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die einzelnen Additive oder aber die entsprechenden Mischungen vor dem Zusatz zu den Mineralölen bzw. Mineralöldestillaten in einem organischen Lösungs- oder Dispersionsmittel gelöst bzw. dispergiert. Im Fall der Mischung der Additive A, B und gegebenenfalls C sowie der Mischung der Additive B und C enthält die Lösung bzw. Dispersion 5 - 90, bevorzugt 5 - 75 Gew.-% der jeweiligen Mischung.In a preferred embodiment, the individual additives or corresponding mixtures before addition to the mineral oils or Mineral oil distillates dissolved in an organic solvent or dispersant or dispersed. In the case of mixing additives A, B and optionally C and the mixture of additives B and C, the solution or dispersion contains 5-90, preferably 5-75% by weight of the respective mixture.
Geeignete Lösungs- oder Dispersionsmittel sind dabei aliphatische und/oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe oder Kohlenwasserstoffgemische, z.B. Benzinfraktionen, Kerosin, Decan, Pentadecan, Toluol, Xylol, Ethylbenzol oder kommerzielle Lösungsmittelgemische wie ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR- und Shellsol D-Typen.Suitable solvents or dispersants are aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. Gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or commercial solvent mixtures such as ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR and Shellsol D types.
Gegebenenfalls können auch polare Lösungsvermittler wie 2-Ethylhexanol, Decanol, iso-Decanol oder iso-Tridecanol zugesetzt werden.If necessary, polar solubilizers such as 2-ethylhexanol, Decanol, iso-decanol or iso-tridecanol can be added.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind ferner Mineralöle bzw. Mineralöldestillate, welche
Bevorzugt sind dabei Mineralöle bzw. Mineralöldestillate, die
Die Mineralöle bzw. Mineralöldestillate können auch noch weitere übliche Zusatzstoffe wie beispielsweise Entwachsungshilfsmittel, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Antioxidantien, Lubricity-Additive, Schlamminhibitoren, Cetanzahlverbesserer, Detergenzadditive, Dehazer, Leitfähigkeitsverbesserer oder Farbstoffe enthalten.The mineral oils or mineral oil distillates can also be other common Additives such as dewaxing agents, corrosion inhibitors, Antioxidants, lubricity additives, sludge inhibitors, cetane number improvers, Detergent additives, dehazers, conductivity improvers or dyes.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Additivgemisch zur Paraffindispergierung in paraffinhaltigen Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten, enthaltend mindestens einen Paraffindispergator und mindestens einen aliphatischen oder aromatischen, flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoff als Lösemittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Alkylphenol-Aldehydharz als Lösevermittler zugesetzt wird.Another object of the invention is an additive mixture for Paraffin dispersion in mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin, containing at least one paraffin dispersant and at least one aliphatic or aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon as solvent, characterized in that at least one alkylphenol-aldehyde resin as Solubilizer is added.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lösungen von Paraffindispergatoren in aliphatischen oder aromatischen flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, indem man dem Gemisch dieser Stoffe ein Alkylphenol-Aldehydharz zusetzt.Another object of the invention is a method for producing Solutions of paraffin dispersants in aliphatic or aromatic liquid Hydrocarbons by adding an alkylphenol-aldehyde resin to the mixture of these substances adds.
Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harze B sind prinzipiell bekannt und beispielsweise im Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9. Auflage, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Band 4, S. 3351ff. beschrieben. Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins B are known in principle and, for example, in Römpp Chemistry lexicon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, pp. 3351ff. described.
Die Alkylreste des o- oder p-Alkylphenols besitzen 1-20, bevorzugt 4-16, insbesondere 6-12 Kohlenstoffatome; bevorzugt handelt es sich um n-, iso-und tert. Butyl, n- und iso-Pentyl, n-und iso-Hexyl, n-und iso-Octyl, n-und iso-Nonyl, n-und iso-Decyl, n-und iso-Dodecyl. Das Alkylphenol-Aldehyd kann auch bis zu 50 mol-% Phenoleinheiten enthalten. Für das Alkylphenol-Aldehydharz können gleiche oder verschiedene Alkylphenole verwendet werden. Der aliphatische Aldehyd im Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harz B besitzt 1-4 Kohlenstoffatome und ist bevorzugt Formaldehyd. Das Molekulargewicht der Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harze beträgt 400 - 10.000, bevorzugt 400 - 5000 g/mol. Voraussetzung ist hierbei, daß die Harze öllöslich sind.The alkyl radicals of the o- or p-alkylphenol have 1-20, preferably 4-16, especially 6-12 carbon atoms; it is preferably n-, iso- and tert. Butyl, n- and iso-pentyl, n- and iso-hexyl, n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n-and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl. The alkylphenol aldehyde can also contain up to 50 mol% Contain phenol units. For the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin, the same or different alkylphenols can be used. The aliphatic aldehyde in Alkylphenol aldehyde resin B has 1-4 carbon atoms and is preferred Formaldehyde. The molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is 400 - 10,000, preferably 400 - 5000 g / mol. The prerequisite here is that the resins are oil-soluble.
Die Herstellung der Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harze B erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch basische Katalyse, wobei Kondensationsprodukte vom Resoltyp entstehen, oder durch saure Katalyse, wobei Kondensationsprodukte vom Novolaktyp entstehen.The alkylphenol-aldehyde resins B are prepared in a known manner by basic catalysis, whereby condensation products of the resol type arise, or by acidic catalysis, producing condensation products of the novolak type.
Die nach beiden Arten gewonnenen Kondensate sind als Additive B im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren geeignet. Bevorzugt ist die Kondensation in Gegenwart von sauren Katalysatoren.The condensates obtained in both ways are as additives B in method according to the invention suitable. The condensation is preferred in Presence of acidic catalysts.
Zur Herstellung der Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harze werden ein bifunktionelles o- oder p-Alkylphenol mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 4 bis 16, insbesondere 6 bis 12 C-Atomen je Alkylgruppe, oder Gemische hiervon und ein aliphatischer Aldehyd mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen miteinander umgesetzt, wobei pro mol Alkylphenolverbindung etwa 0,5 - 2 mol, vorzugsweise 0,7 - 1,3 mol und insbesondere äquimolare Mengen Aldehyd eingesetzt werden.To produce the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins, a bifunctional o- or p-alkylphenol with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 16, in particular 6 to 12 C atoms per alkyl group, or mixtures thereof and an aliphatic aldehyde 1 to 4 carbon atoms reacted with each other, per mol of alkylphenol compound about 0.5 - 2 mol, preferably 0.7 - 1.3 mol and in particular equimolar amounts Aldehyde can be used.
Geeignete Alkylphenole sind insbesondere C4-C12-Alkylphenole wie beispielsweise o- oder p-Kresol, n-, sek. - und tert. Butylphenol, n- und i-Pentylphenol, n-und iso-Hexylphenol, n-und iso-Octylphenol, n-und iso-Nonylphenol, n-und iso-Decylphenol, n-und iso-DodecylphenolSuitable alkylphenols are in particular C 4 -C 12 alkylphenols such as o- or p-cresol, n-, sec. - and tert. Butylphenol, n- and i-pentylphenol, n- and iso-hexylphenol, n- and iso-octylphenol, n- and iso-nonylphenol, n- and iso-decylphenol, n- and iso-dodecylphenol
Die einzusetzenden Alkylphenole können geringe Mengen, vorzugsweise bis zu etwa 10 mol-%, insbesondere bis zu 7 mol-% und speziell bis zu 3 mol-% Dialkylphenole enthalten.The alkylphenols to be used can be small amounts, preferably up to about 10 mol%, in particular up to 7 mol% and especially up to 3 mol% Contain dialkylphenols.
Besonders geeignete Aldehyde sind Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd und Butyraldehyd, bevorzugt ist Formaldehyd.Particularly suitable aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, formaldehyde is preferred.
Der Formaldehyd kann in Form von Paraformaldehyd oder in Form einer vorzugsweise 20-40 Gew.-%igen wäßrigen Formalinlösung eingesetzt werden. Es können auch entsprechende Mengen an Trioxan verwendet werden.The formaldehyde can be in the form of paraformaldehyde or in the form of a preferably 20-40 wt .-% aqueous formalin solution can be used. It appropriate amounts of trioxane can also be used.
Die Umsetzung von Alkylphenol und Aldehyd erfolgt üblicherweise in Gegenwart von alkalischen Katalysatoren, beispielsweise Alkalihydroxiden oder Alkylaminen, oder von sauren Katalysatoren, beispielsweise anorganischen oder organischen Säuren, wie Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure, Sulfonsäure, Sulfamidosäuren oder Halogenessigsäuren, und in Gegenwart eines mit Wasser ein Azeotrop bildenden organischen Lösungsmittels, beispielsweise Toluol, Xylol, höherer Aromaten oder Gemischen hiervon. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird auf eine Temperatur von 90 bis 200°C, bevorzugt 100 - 160°C erhitzt, wobei das entstehende Reaktionswasser während der Umsetzung durch azeotrope Destillation entfernt wird. Lösungsmittel, die unter den Bedingungen der Kondensation keine Protonen abspalten, können nach der Kondensationsreaktion in den Produkten bleiben. Die Harze können direkt oder nach Neutralisation des Katalysators eingesetzt werden, gegebenenfalls nach weiterer Verdünnung der Lösung mit aliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen oder Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, z.B. Benzinfraktionen, Kerosin, Decan, Pentadecan, Toluol, Xylol, Ethylbenzol oder Lösungsmitteln wie ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR- und Shellsol D-Typen.The reaction of alkylphenol and aldehyde usually takes place in the presence of alkaline catalysts, for example alkali hydroxides or alkylamines, or of acidic catalysts, for example inorganic or organic Acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, Sulfamido acids or haloacetic acids, and in the presence of one with water Azeotropic organic solvent, for example toluene, xylene, higher aromatics or mixtures thereof. The reaction mixture is on a Temperature of 90 to 200 ° C, preferably 100-160 ° C heated, which water of reaction formed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation Will get removed. Solvents that under the conditions of condensation none Protons can split off after the condensation reaction in the products stay. The resins can be used directly or after neutralization of the catalyst are used, if necessary after further dilution of the solution with aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. Gasoline fractions, kerosene, decane, pentadecane, Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene or solvents such as ®Solvent Naphtha, ®Shellsol AB, ®Solvesso 150, ®Solvesso 200, ®Exxsol, ®ISOPAR and Shellsol D types.
Als Ethylen/Vinylester-Co- bzw. -Terpolymere A sind alle bekannten Co- bzw.
Terpolymere dieses Typs einsetzbar, die bereits für sich alleine genommen die
Kaltfließeigenschaften von Mineralölen bzw. Mineralöldestillaten verbessern. Als
geeignete Co- bzw. Terpolymere A sind beispielsweise zu nennen:
Bevorzugt sind solche Ethylen-Vinylester-Co- oder Terpolymere mit einem Ethylengehalt von 60-90 Gew%.Such ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers or terpolymers having a Ethylene content of 60-90% by weight.
Als von B verschiedene Paraffin-Dispergatoren C sind beispielsweise polare, niedermolekulare oder polymere, öllösliche Verbindungen geeignet, die
- eine oder mehrere mit mindestens einer C8-C26-Alkylkette substituierte Ester-, Amid- und/oder Imidgruppen enthalten
- und/oder eine oder mehrere Ammoniumgruppen tragen, die sich von Aminen mit einer oder zwei C8-C26 Alkylgruppen ableiten.
- contain one or more ester, amide and / or imide groups substituted with at least one C 8 -C 26 alkyl chain
- and / or carry one or more ammonium groups derived from amines with one or two C 8 -C 26 alkyl groups.
Bevorzugt sind von den obengenannten Paraffin-Dispergatoren die polaren stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen.Of the above-mentioned paraffin dispersants, the polar ones are preferred nitrogenous compounds.
Als monomere polare stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen C können beispielsweise die folgenden Substanzen eingesetzt werden.As monomeric polar nitrogen-containing compounds C, for example following substances are used.
In der EP-A-0 413 279 werden geeignete Umsetzungsprodukte von Alkenylspirobislactonen mit Aminen beschrieben.EP-A-0 413 279 describes suitable reaction products of Alkenylspirobislactones with amines are described.
Auch die in der EP-A-0 061 894 offenbarten öllöslichen Umsetzungsprodukte des Phthalsäureanhydrids mit Aminen können in Mischung mit Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymeren verwendet werden.The oil-soluble reaction products of EP-A-0 061 894 Phthalic anhydride with amines can be mixed with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers be used.
Ferner sind die aus der EP-A-0 597 278 bekannten Umsetzungsprodukte von Aminoalkylencarbonsäuren mit primären oder sekundären Aminen als monomere stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen C geeignet.Furthermore, the reaction products known from EP-A-0 597 278 of Aminoalkylene carboxylic acids with primary or secondary amines as monomers nitrogenous compounds C.
Als polymere polare stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen C werden bevorzugt Copolymere
oder Terpolymere auf der Basis von α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen und
Maleinsäure eingesetzt. Geeignet sind beispielsweise:
Für alle drei Additive A, B und C gilt gleichermaßen: Als Additiv A können auch Mischungen verschiedener Ethylenvinylester-Co- bzw. -Terpolymere eingesetzt werden, welche eine unterschiedliche qualitative und/oder quantitative Zusammensetzung und/oder unterschiedliche (bei 140°C gemessene) Viskositäten aufweisen. Als Additiv B sind ebenfalls Mischungen von Alkylphenol-Aldehyd-Harzen verwendbar, die verschiedene Alkylphenole und/oder Aldehyde als Komponenten enthalten. Genauso können auch Mischungen mehrerer von B verschiedener Paraffin-Dispergatoren C eingesetzt werden. Auf diesem Weg lassen sich die Fließverbesserer ganz individuellen Anforderungen anpassen.The same applies to all three additives A, B and C: Additive A can also Mixtures of different ethylene vinyl ester copolymers or terpolymers are used which have a different qualitative and / or quantitative Composition and / or different viscosities (measured at 140 ° C) exhibit. Mixtures of alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are also additive B. usable as the various alkylphenols and / or aldehydes Components included. Mixtures of several of B various paraffin dispersants C can be used. Leave this way the flow improvers adapt to individual requirements.
Mit den Additiven A, B und gegebenenfalls C können im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Öle tierischen, pflanzlichen oder mineralischen Ursprungs versetzt werden.With the additives A, B and optionally C in the invention Processes added oils of animal, vegetable or mineral origin will.
Paraffinhaltige Mineralöle und Mineralöldestillate im Sinne der Erfindung sind beispielsweise Rohöle, Destillationsrückstände der Erdölverarbeitung oder andere paraffinhaltige Öle. (vergleiche z.B. Compositions and Properties of Petroleum, F. Enke Publishers, Stuttgart 1981, Seite 1 - 37). Paraffinhaltige Mineralölprodukte, insbesondere Mitteldestillate wie beispielsweise Jet fuel, Diesel, Heizöl EL und schweres Heizöl sind durch einen Siedebereich von 120 - 500°C, bevorzugt 150 - 400°C charakterisiert. Bei den Paraffinen handelt es sich um geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkane mit etwa 10 - 50 Kohlenstoffatomen.Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates containing paraffin are within the meaning of the invention for example crude oils, distillation residues from petroleum processing or others paraffinic oils. (compare e.g. Compositions and Properties of Petroleum, F. Enke Publishers, Stuttgart 1981, pages 1 - 37). Mineral oil products containing paraffin, in particular middle distillates such as jet fuel, diesel, heating oil EL and heavy heating oil is due to a boiling range of 120 - 500 ° C, preferably 150 - 400 ° C characterized. The paraffins are straight-chain or branched alkanes with about 10 - 50 carbon atoms.
Als Additive A, B und C wurden in den Beispielen 1 - 63 folgende Substanzen
eingesetzt:
Zur Herstellung dieses Formaldehyd-Harzes wurde p-Nonylphenol in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Alkylbenzolsulfonsäure mit einer äquimolaren Menge einer 35 Gew.-%igen Formalinlösung zur Reaktion gebracht, das Reaktionsgemisch durch Auskreisen mit einer Mischung höher siedender aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe (Siedebereich 185-215°C) vom Wasser befreit und mit Kaliumhydroxid neutralisiert. Das rotbraune Harz wurde in ®Solvent Naphtha auf einen Feststoffgehalt von 50% verdünnt. Das gelchromatographisch bestimmte Molekulargewicht (Eichung gegen Polystyrol-Standards) liegt bei 2000 g/mol.
Analog zu Beispiel B1 wurden äquimolare Mengen Nonylphenol und Butylphenol unter saurer Katalyse mit Formaldehyd kondensiert. Das Molekulargewicht des rotbraunen Harzes liegt bei 1800 g/mol.
Mit 5,5 mol Ethylenoxid unter saurer Katalyse umgesetztes Nonylphenol-Formaldehydharz gemäß Beispiel B1, 50%ig in Solvent Naphtha.
To produce this formaldehyde resin, p-nonylphenol was reacted in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid with an equimolar amount of a 35% strength by weight formalin solution, the reaction mixture by spinning out with a mixture of higher-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 185-215 ° C.) freed from water and neutralized with potassium hydroxide. The red-brown resin was diluted in Solvent Naphtha to a solids content of 50%. The molecular weight determined by gel chromatography (calibration against polystyrene standards) is 2000 g / mol.
Analogously to Example B1, equimolar amounts of nonylphenol and butylphenol were condensed with formaldehyde under acidic catalysis. The molecular weight of the red-brown resin is 1800 g / mol.
Nonylphenol-formaldehyde resin reacted with 5.5 mol of ethylene oxide under acidic catalysis according to Example B1, 50% strength in solvent naphtha.
Der Zusatz dieser Additive A, B und C erfolgte zu repräsentativen
Winterdieselkraftstoffen aus deutschen Raffinerien, die in Tabelle 1 charakterisiert
sind. Die Siedeanalysen wurden gemäß ASTM D-86 durchgeführt.
Das Kaltfließverhalten wurde wie folgt bestimmt: The cold flow behavior was determined as follows:
Die obengenannten Testöle wurden bei Raumtemperatur mit den in Tabelle 2 angegebenen Mengen der auf 60°C temperierten Additive versetzt, 15 Minuten unter gelegentlichem Schütteln auf 40°C erwärmt und anschließend auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Von dem so additivierten Mitteldestillat wurde gemäß EN 116 der CFPP-Wert (Cold Filter Plugging Point) bestimmt.The above test oils were measured at room temperature using the ones in Table 2 specified amounts of the additives tempered at 60 ° C, 15 minutes heated to 40 ° C with occasional shaking and then on Cooled to room temperature. The middle distillate so additized was according to EN 116 determines the CFPP value (Cold Filter Plugging Point).
Die Paraffindispergierung in Mitteldestillaten wurde wie folgt im Kurzsedimenttest nachgewiesen:The paraffin dispersion in middle distillates was as follows in the short sediment test proven:
150 ml der wie zuvor beschrieben additivierten Mitteldestillate wurden in 200 ml-Meßzylindern in einem Kälteschrank mit -2°C/Stunde auf -13°C abgekühlt und 16 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur gelagert. Anschließend wurden visuell Volumen und Aussehen sowohl der sedimentierten Paraffinphase wie auch der darüber stehenden Ölphase bestimmt und beurteilt. Eine geringe Sedimentmenge und eine trübe Ölphase zeigen eine gute Paraffindispergierung.150 ml of the middle distillates additized as described above were placed in 200 ml measuring cylinders cooled in a refrigerator at -2 ° C / hour to -13 ° C and 16 Stored at this temperature for hours. Subsequently, volume and Appearance of both the sedimented paraffin phase and the one above it standing oil phase determined and assessed. A small amount of sediment and one cloudy oil phase show good paraffin dispersion.
Zusätzlich wurden die unteren 20 Vol-% isoliert und der Cloud Point gemäß ISO 3015 bestimmt. Eine nur geringe Abweichung des Cloud Points der unteren Phase (CPKS) vom Blindwert des Öls zeigt eine gute Paraffindispergierung.In addition, the lower 20% by volume were isolated and the cloud point determined according to ISO 3015. A slight deviation of the cloud point of the lower phase (CP KS ) from the blank value of the oil shows good paraffin dispersion.
Für die folgende Versuche wurden repräsentative Winterdieselkraftstoffe aus deutschen Raffinerien verwendet. Die Mitteldestillate wurden bei Raumtemperatur mit den angegebenen Mengen der auf 60°C temperierten Additive versetzt, 15 Minunten unter gelegentlichen Schütteln auf 40°C erwärmt und anschließend auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Von dem so additivierten Mitteldestillat wurde gemäß EN 116 der CFPP-Wert bestimmt.Representative winter diesel fuels were selected for the following tests German refineries. The middle distillates were at room temperature mixed with the stated amounts of the additives heated to 60 ° C., 15 Minunten heated to 40 ° C with occasional shaking and then on Cooled to room temperature. The middle distillate so additized was according to EN 116 determines the CFPP value.
Die additivierten Mitteldestillate wurden in 200 ml-Meßzylindern in einem Kälteschrank mit -2°C/Stunde auf -13°C abgekühlt und 16 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur gelagert. Anschließend wurden visuell Volumen und Aussehen sowohl des Sediments (Paraffinphase) wie auch der darüber stehenden Ölphase bestimmt und beurteilt. Eine geringe Sedimentmenge und eine trübe Ölphase zeigen eine gute Paraffindispergierung. The additive middle distillates were in 200 ml measuring cylinders in one Refrigerator cooled to -2 ° C / hour to -13 ° C and 16 hours at this Temperature stored. Subsequently, both volume and appearance were visual the sediment (paraffin phase) as well as the oil phase above it and judged. A small amount of sediment and a cloudy oil phase show one good paraffin dispersion.
Zusätzlich wurden die unteren 20 Vol-.% isoliert und der Cloud Point bestimmt. Eine
nur geringe Abweichung des Cloud Points der unteren Phase (CPKS) vom Blindwert
des Öls zeigt eine gute Paraffindispergierung.
Die oben aufgeführten Wirkstoffe werden bei 80 °C unter Rühren homogenisiert.
Anschließend wird die Stabilität der Lösungen nach 3-tägiger Lagerung bei
Raumtemperatur bzw. bei 60°C optisch beurteilt.
- Solvent NaphthaSolvent naphtha
- aromatische Lösemittelgemische mit Siedebereicharomatic solvent mixtures with boiling range
- ®Shellsol AB®Shellsol AB
- 180 bis 210°C180 to 210 ° C
- ®Solvesso 150®Solvesso 150
- ®Solvesso 200®Solvesso 200
- aromatisches Lösemittelgemisch mit Siedebereich 230 bis 287°Caromatic solvent mixture with boiling range 230 up to 287 ° C
- ®Exxsol®Exxsol
- Dearomatisierte Lösemittel in verschiedenen Siedebereichen, beispielsweise ®Exxsol D60: 187 bis 215°CDearomatized solvents in various Boiling ranges, for example ®Exxsol D60: 187 bis 215 ° C
- ®ISOPAR (Exxon)®ISOPAR (Exxon)
- isoparaffinische Lösemittelgemische in verschiedenen Siedebereichen, beispielsweise ®ISOPAR L: 190 bis 210°Cisoparaffinic solvent mixtures in different Boiling ranges, for example ®ISOPAR L: 190 to 210 ° C
- ®Shellsol D®Shellsol D
- hauptsächlich aliphatische Lösemittelgemische in verschiedenen Siedebereichenmainly aliphatic solvent mixtures in different boiling ranges
Claims (26)
vorzugsweise polare Stickstoffverbindungen, verwendet werden.Additive mixture according to claim 17, characterized in that the paraffin dispersants are polar, low molecular weight or polymeric oil-soluble compounds which
preferably polar nitrogen compounds can be used.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19700159 | 1997-01-07 | ||
DE1997100159 DE19700159A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | Increasing flow of mineral oil or distillate containing paraffin, especially at low temperature |
DE19739272 | 1997-09-08 | ||
DE1997139272 DE19739272A1 (en) | 1997-09-08 | 1997-09-08 | Improving the flowability of mineral oil (distillates) |
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EP0857776A1 true EP0857776A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
EP0857776B1 EP0857776B1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
EP0857776B2 EP0857776B2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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EP97122900A Expired - Lifetime EP0857776B2 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-12-24 | Mineral oil and mineral oil distillate flowability improvement using alkylphenol-aldehyde resins |
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US (1) | US5998530A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0857776B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4132167B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100523677B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE223953T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2226278C (en) |
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WO2001096503A2 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-20 | Clariant International Ltd | Additives for improving the cold flow properties and the storage stability of crude oil |
DE10029621A1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-02-07 | Clariant Gmbh | Additive for improving the cold flow properties and storage stability of mineral oil contains ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, low-mol. wt. polyolefin and alkylphenol-aldehyde resin or sulfonic acid |
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US8283298B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2012-10-09 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Mineral oils with improved conductivity and cold flowability |
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DE59708189D1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
ES2183073T3 (en) | 2003-03-16 |
ATE223953T1 (en) | 2002-09-15 |
US5998530A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
EP0857776B1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
KR19980070366A (en) | 1998-10-26 |
NO980064D0 (en) | 1998-01-06 |
ES2183073T5 (en) | 2007-10-16 |
NO980064L (en) | 1998-07-08 |
JP4132167B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
JPH10245575A (en) | 1998-09-14 |
CA2226278C (en) | 2006-10-24 |
KR100523677B1 (en) | 2006-01-27 |
CA2226278A1 (en) | 1998-07-07 |
EP0857776B2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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