EP0857153A1 - Procede de detection automatique d'un fonctionnement en limite de stabilite d'une installation de transport pneumatique d'un produit en vrac en phase dense - Google Patents
Procede de detection automatique d'un fonctionnement en limite de stabilite d'une installation de transport pneumatique d'un produit en vrac en phase denseInfo
- Publication number
- EP0857153A1 EP0857153A1 EP97925135A EP97925135A EP0857153A1 EP 0857153 A1 EP0857153 A1 EP 0857153A1 EP 97925135 A EP97925135 A EP 97925135A EP 97925135 A EP97925135 A EP 97925135A EP 0857153 A1 EP0857153 A1 EP 0857153A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bulk product
- lock
- pressure
- stability
- transport
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/66—Use of indicator or control devices, e.g. for controlling gas pressure, for controlling proportions of material and gas, for indicating or preventing jamming of material
Definitions
- the present invention finds its application in the field of controlling the stability of the operation of an installation designed for the pneumatic transport of a bulk product, in dense phase. Its subject is a method for automatically detecting an operation at the limit of stability of such an installation, as well as its general application to the automatic determination of a limit operating point between a stability zone and an instability zone
- a pneumatic transport installation comprising a member commonly called a lock, which has the function of simultaneously introducing the gas flow of transport and the bulk product into the sealed transport pipe.
- the lock is generally presented in the form of a chamber, inside which are separately introduced the gas transport stream which is generally air, and the bulk product
- a certai n type of lock advantageously includes a system for regulating the rate of introduction of the bulk product into the chamber of the lock. More particularly, this regulation system consists, for example, of a rotary paddle wheel, the rotation speed of which is adjustable. depending on the desired bulk product flow
- dense phase transport is characterized by a powerful operation, the bulk product moving inside the transport pipe in the form of compact plugs of material, separated two by two by a gas pocket.
- a pneumatic dense phase transport installation is usually provided to operate with a predetermined charge rate corresponding to the ratio of the flow rate of bulk product and the flow rate of transport gas at the inlet of the lock.
- transport can operate stably in dense phase, this load rate must remain within a narrow range of values
- a variation in the air flow or the flow of bulk material introduced into the lock can very easily lead to operating the installation in an unstable manner, and in particular in a critical phase in which the installation alternately passes from a dense phase operation to a diluted phase operation and vice versa
- This critical phase must absolutely be avoided because it results mechanically by water hammer in the transport pipe which very quickly leads to a deterioration of the installation
- a first object of the present invention is to propose a method for automatically detecting an operation at the limit of stability of a pneumatic transport installation of a bulk product in dense phase, in which the transport gas and the product in bulk are introduced separately into a lock which communicates at the outlet with a pipe for the pneumatic transport of the bulk product
- the method consists in measuring the pressure (Pe), called the lock pressure, which is exerted by the transport gas in the vicinity of the zone for introducing the bulk product into the transport pipe. , and to detect an instability of the lock pressure (Pe) measured, over a predetermined period (t), by means of a predefined stability criterion
- the duration (t) must be chosen large enough not to detect a fluctuation in the pressure of the lock which would only be punctual in time, and which therefore would not be representative of real instability over time of the pressure
- the duration (t) will be the same order of magnitude as the average travel time of a cap of bulk product in the installation, and will be determined on a case-by-case basis depending in particular on the length of the transport pipe of the installation and the nature of the product transported
- the lock pressure (Pe) can be measured in the transport pipe downstream of the outlet of the lock.
- this measurement should be taken at a Sufficiently short distance from the outlet of the lock, and preferably less than a few meters, so that the pressure measurement is characteristic of the pressure at the level of the area in which the bulk product is introduced into the transport pipe.
- sluice pressure downstream of the sluice outlet has the drawback of causing a risk of clogging over time by the bulk product of the measurement sensor used.
- the measurement of the sluice pressure (Pe ) will preferably be carried out upstream of the lock, in the transport gas supply pipe, upstream of a non-return valve mounted on this pipe.
- a stability criterion could consist in carrying out a cutting e binary of the measured pressure values, as a function of a predetermined threshold, and to detect instability as soon as the number of measured values above the threshold reaches a given percentage over the period (t), and for example reaches 80% binary of the measured lock pressure has the disadvantage of causing a loss of information, the stability criterion being therefore less fine, it is possible that with a binary chopping a limit of stability is detected too prematurely , or on the contrary, that in some cases, the detection is too late
- the stability criterion used preferably consists performing at least a fuzzy cutting of the measured lock pressure values (Pe), according to a membership function, a sampling period ( ⁇ ), and over a predefined interval (T), and calculating an index of stability (I) from this fuzzy cutting
- the detection of the instability of the lock pressure measurement signal (Pe) can be carried out in a known manner by processing the signal by means of fast Fourier transforms (FFT).
- FFT fast Fourier transforms
- Pe cons a predetermined pressure value which theoretically the lock pressure (Pe) should have over the interval (T)
- the stability index (I) is given by the formula
- the two aforementioned variants will be combined.
- two stability indices (I slab and I prec ) are calculated respectively for each fuzzy cutting, and an instability of the lock pressure (Pe) measured when at least is detected.
- one of the two stability indices (I 5lab and I prcc ) is less than a predetermined threshold (S)
- the stability range of the load rate of a pneumatic conveying installation in dense phase depends not only on the installation itself, and more particularly on the length and the geometry of the pipe for transporting the bulk product, but also of the type of bulk product transported So, for the same installation, when you change the type of bulk product to be transported, it is necessary to adjust the load rate of the installation so that it
- Another object of the present invention is a method for determining automatic of a limit operating point between a stability zone and an instability zone of a pneumatic conveying installation of a bulk product in dense phase
- the method for automatically determining a limit operating point consists, starting from a known initial stable point, of automatically controlling the variation in predetermined successive steps of the flow rate of bulk product and / or of the flow rate of transport gas at the entrance to the lock, and to apply the detection method of the invention described above at each step
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart allowing the implementation of a preferred embodiment of the method for automatically detecting the instability of the lock pressure of the installation
- - and Figure 4 represents a membership function particular trapezoid which is used during the implementation of the steps of the flow diagram of FIG. 3
- the pneumatic transport installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is used to transport in bulk phase a bulk product from one point to another, and in the example illustrated from the outlet of an extruder 1 to a silo 2
- this pneumatic transport installation comprises a member with a lock function 3 into which the product are introduced separately.
- the transport gas which in this case is air
- the lock 3 comprises a zone 3a in which the bulk product and the air are brought into contact transport, and which communicates at the outlet with a sealed transport pipe 4
- the bulk product is thus transported by the transport air inside the pipe 4 to the silo 2
- the geometry and the length of this pipe transport 4 varies from installation to installation
- the bulk product is fed into zone 3a by means of a rotary paddle wheel 3b, which allows, from a setting of its rotation speed, to regulate the rate of introduction of the bulk product to be transported at the entrance to zone 3a
- the bulk product from the extruder 1 continuously feeds the impeller 3b, via a hopper 3ç_, which allows to tolerate a certain fluctuation on the product flow in bulk at the extruder outlet
- the transport air is supplied at a given pressure in zone 3a via a supply line 7, fitted with a non-return valve 8
- the production system of the transport air upstream of the lock 3 comprises one or more compressors 5, with which is associated at the outlet a flow control valve 6 which is designed to ensure a given transport air flow in the supply line 7 L pneumatic transport system is controlled by a u processing unit 9 which controls on the one hand the flow of transport air Q lp in the supply line 7 by means of a control signal 9a intended for the flow regulating valve 6, and on the other hand the speed of rotation of the impeller 3b and
- FIG. 2 shows the stability diagram, in dense phase, of the pneumatic transport installation of FIG. 1, with on the abscissa the flow of transport air (Q ⁇ ) in the vicinity of zone 3a, and on the ordinate, the flow rate of bulk product (Q s ) introduced at the entrance to zone 3a of the lock 3
- the stability zone in the dense phase of the installation is delimited by a quadrilateral having for its vertices the four operating points at the stability limit A, B, C and D
- the flow rate of the bulk product (Q s ) and the flow of transport air (Q tp ) are set so as to define an operating point situated inside the quadrilateral (A, B, C, D) Outside this quadrilateral, the pneumatic transport installation operates in an unstable manner having a behavior which depends on the area of instability in which the operating point (Q tp Q s )
- the instability zone corresponds for example to a bulk product transported in diluted phase
- the stability quadrilateral of a pneumatic transport installation depends on the transport installation itself, that is to say in particular on the geometry and the length of the transport pipe 4, but also on the bulk product transported
- the limits of this stability quadrilateral could vary over time, in particular as a function of the quality of the bulk product to be transported, of its temperature, of the ambient temperature or of the hygrometry rate II results on the one hand that an operating point in a stable zone for a given installation and a given bulk product does not necessarily correspond to a stable operating point for this same installation when changing the bulk product, and on the other hand that a stable operating point but close to one of the borders of the stability quadrilateral (A, B, C, D) may one day for the same installation and the same bulk product be in an unstable area
- the processing unit 9 is capable, in accordance with the invention, of implementing a test procedure which makes it possible to detect whether or not the operating point of the installation is a point at the limit of stability, from a detection of the instability of the lock pressure measured over a predetermined time interval
- the first test step referenced 11 consists in carrying out from the measurement signal 10a delivered by the pressure sensor 10 a sampled measurement of the lock pressure Pe
- the processing unit 9 thus acquires N samples Pe (n ⁇ ) of lock pressure
- the duration T corresponds to the product of the number of samples N by the sampling period ⁇
- the duration T that is to say the number N of measurement samples for a given sampling period ⁇ , is preferably chosen equal to average journey time of the bulk product in the installation
- the value of the duration T will therefore depend in particular on the length of the transport pipe 4 of the installation, and on the nature of the bulk product transported
- the index I slab reports on the stability effective of the pressure of lock Pe compared to the average pressure Pe movcn calculated on the interval T
- the index I prcc reports the precision of the value of pressure of lock Pe compared to the regulation set point Pe cons of the valve opening control 6
- the processing unit 9 is programmed to compare these two indices with the stability threshold S (step 19) If one of the two indices is less than the threshold S then the lock pressure is considered unstable If the two stability indices I st8b and I prcc are greater than the threshold S, a second series of measurements is carried out by repeating the procedure in step 1 1 (loop 20) If at from this second test procedure the two stability indices I stab and I prtc are always greater than the threshold S, then the lock pressure is considered to be stable It is preferable to use the two indices I sUb and I prcc , because it can happen for products recognized as difficult to have behaviors of the pressure of lock Pe which are not linear in the border areas of the quadrilateral of stability ( A, B, C, D).
- the installation can stabilize for several successive travel times (T) around a pressure value different from the requested setpoint pressure - in this case I a ⁇ b will be close to the value 1 but I prec will be close to the value zero -, then either effectively stabilize around the pressure setpoint, or drop suddenly and return to oscillation indicating a zone of pressure instability.
- T travel times
- I a ⁇ b will be close to the value 1 but I prec will be close to the value zero -, then either effectively stabilize around the pressure setpoint, or drop suddenly and return to oscillation indicating a zone of pressure instability.
- the particular method for detecting the instability of the lock pressure in FIG. 9 is not limited to a single iteration (loop 20) but could be implemented with a larger number of 'iterations or on the contrary without any iteration, the stability criterion applying in this case to a single series of sampled measurements (step 11).
- the number of iterations corresponding to the loop 20 of the flowchart of FIG. 3 determines the duration (t) during
- the membership function used was trapezoidal, the class Zero ( ⁇ 0 (x) of this membership function being represented in FIG. 4.
- the method for detecting an operating point at the limit of stability implemented by the processing unit 9, can advantageously be implemented in software for automatic monitoring and assistance in managing the operation of an installation. pneumatic conveying of a bulk product in dense phase.
- This software displays, for example for an operator, the measured lock pressure signal, automatically processes this signal in accordance with the detection method of the invention, and permanently displays for the operator in a dialog window the state of the installation (stable, not stable). The operator must then manually modify the parameters of his installation (bulk product flow and / or transport air flow) to find a stable operating point.
- the processing unit 9 may also generate a visual or audible alarm signal, each time a lock pressure instability Pe is detected.
- processing unit 9 so that the latter automatically adjusts the flow rate of the transport and / or of bulk product by means of the control signals 9a, 9b, in order to follow the development. over time of the stability diagram, which for a given installation and a bulk product, varies according to the quality of the bulk product, and the conditions of temperature, pressure or humidity in the air.
- the processing unit 9 could be designed so as to automatically characterize an operating point at the limit of stability, in particular prior to the final commissioning of the installation for the transport of a given bulk product. .
- the processing unit will be designed to adjust the installation via the control signals 9a, 9b to a stable initial operating point Po (FIG. 2), then to vary the flow rate in successive predetermined steps. of bulk product Qs (control signal 9b) and / or the transport air flow Qtp (control signal 9a), applying the test procedure in Figure 3 at each successive step, until detecting a border of the stability diagram, such as for example the border
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9606774 | 1996-05-28 | ||
FR9606774A FR2749287B1 (fr) | 1996-05-28 | 1996-05-28 | Procede de detection automatique d'un fonctionnement en limite de stabilite d'une installation de transport pneumatique d'un produit en vrac et phase dense |
PCT/FR1997/000924 WO1997045351A1 (fr) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-05-27 | Procede de detection automatique d'un fonctionnement en limite de stabilite d'une installation de transport pneumatique d'un produit en vrac en phase dense |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0857153A1 true EP0857153A1 (fr) | 1998-08-12 |
Family
ID=9492628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97925135A Withdrawn EP0857153A1 (fr) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-05-27 | Procede de detection automatique d'un fonctionnement en limite de stabilite d'une installation de transport pneumatique d'un produit en vrac en phase dense |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6062774A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0857153A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000501368A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR19990035930A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2228007A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2749287B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997045351A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19943504C5 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2005-10-13 | Coperion Waeschle Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pneumatischen Förderung von Schüttgut |
US6350086B1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2002-02-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Method and apparatus for establishing proper gas flow for unloading materials |
DE10042135A1 (de) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-03-14 | Buehler Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zum Fördern von Reis |
US6702101B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-03-09 | Spraying Systems Co. | Blower operated airknife with air augmenting shroud |
US8747029B2 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2014-06-10 | Mac Equipment, Inc. | Low pressure continuous dense phase convey system using a non-critical air control system |
US10494200B2 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2019-12-03 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Measurement of product pellets flow rate |
US10760933B2 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-09-01 | Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. | Method for detecting and diagnosing powder flow stability |
DE102017220865A1 (de) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-23 | Putzmeister Mörtelmaschinen GmbH | Baustoff-Druckluftförderer |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4863316A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-09-05 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Closed loop powder flow regulator |
DE4039496A1 (de) * | 1990-12-11 | 1992-06-17 | Buehler Ag | Verfahren zur foerderung von schuettguetern und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
-
1996
- 1996-05-28 FR FR9606774A patent/FR2749287B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 CA CA002228007A patent/CA2228007A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-27 WO PCT/FR1997/000924 patent/WO1997045351A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-27 EP EP97925135A patent/EP0857153A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-27 JP JP9541740A patent/JP2000501368A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-27 KR KR1019980700591A patent/KR19990035930A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-27 US US09/000,072 patent/US6062774A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9745351A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997045351A1 (fr) | 1997-12-04 |
JP2000501368A (ja) | 2000-02-08 |
KR19990035930A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
CA2228007A1 (fr) | 1997-12-04 |
US6062774A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
FR2749287B1 (fr) | 1998-08-21 |
FR2749287A1 (fr) | 1997-12-05 |
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