EP0856363A2 - Process for making malachite or malachite-like coatings and for coating objects - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for the production of a coating from natural malachite stone or malachite-like materials and for coating objects to produce the optical effect of malachite. The process comprises (a) grinding the malachite etc. to give pigment with a particle size of 10-100 microns, (b) removing impurities, (c) dispersing the powder in a clear varnish to make a malachite paint, (d) coating an object with one or more layers of this paint, especially by painting the object, (e) drying the paint, (f) dispersing a black colour pigment or black dye solution in a clear printer's varnish which is compatible with the system used in (c) so as to make a transparent glazing varnish, (g) printing or painting on the glaze in at least three passes with the aid of several patterns or masks which reproduce the texture and pattern of the natural malachite stone or leave corresponding areas exposed, (h) overcoating (especially by painting on or spraying) with at least one coat of clear varnish which is compatible with the systems used in (c) and (f), and (i) drying and/or stoving.

Description

Technical field:

The invention relates to a method for producing an order Natural malachite stone or malachite-like materials and for Coating objects like a carrier or objects of any kind underneath Achieving the optical effect of a natural malachite stone or malachite-like material.

State of the art:

Malachite is a fine crystalline greenish copper carbonate with the formula Cu ₃ (OH) ₂ CO ₃ (RAMDOHR / STRUNZ 1978, p. 578), which due to its grain, growth-related zoning in the form of differently enriched layers, rings and fine lines in the bevel receives typical expression, which can develop the most diverse forms of expression depending on the location and conditions of origin.

So far it has been practically impossible to use thin three-dimensional To carry out work or inlay work with malachite stones. The for Inlay work necessary thin cuts of malachite rock are too fragile to mill shapes in a special three-dimensional way or to be able to saw out and process.

It is also not possible in a manufacturing process connected in series to carry out a coating of objects or foils, that can claim to be a real, i.e. H. from the natural Mineral-derived malachite coating is available. So far, malachite has been imitated by synthetic or other green pigments and then more or less precisely through the rock grain repainted darker green colors. The through these painting techniques However, the surfaces created are only slightly similar to natural stone.

Technical task:

The invention is therefore based on the object, three-dimensional Objects and foils with natural malachite pigments coat that the typical appearance of the natural malachite rock, both according to its mineralogical inventory and according to whose diverse appearances are reproduced. This Coating should be able to make claims, from the material and from the aesthetic effect as a real, natural malachite coating apply and appear as such on the market.

Solution of the task:

a) Mahlung des Ausgangsmaterials zur Herstellung eines Pulvers aus Malachit- bzw. malachitähnlichen Pigmenten mit Korngrößen von etwa 10 bis 100 µm;

b) Reinigung des Mahlguts von Schmutzanteilen;

c) Eindispergieren des Pulvers in Klarlack zur Herstellung eines Malachitlacks;

d) Auftragen, insbesondere Auflackieren, einer oder mehrerer Malachitlackschichten auf ein Objekt;

e) Zwischentrocknung der Malachitlackschichten;

f) Eindispergieren eines schwarzen Farbpigments oder einer scharzen Farbstofflösung in einen klaren Drucklack, der mit dem im Schritt c) verwendeten Lacksystem kompatibel ist, zur Herstellung einer transparenten lasierenden Druckfarbe;

g) Aufdrucken oder Auflackieren der Druckfarbe in wenigstens drei Druckgängen unter Verwendung einer Mehrzahl von Druckvorlagen bzw. Masken, welche die Zeichnung und Musterung des natürlichen Malachitsteins schablonenmäßig nachbilden bzw. entsprechende Flächen freilassen;

h) Auftragen, insbesondere Auflackieren oder Aufspritzen, wenigstens einer Schicht Klarlack, der mit dem in den Schritten c) und f) verwendeten Lacksystem kompatibel ist;

i) Trocknung und/oder Endbrennung.

In terms of the method, the object according to the invention consists of the following process steps:

a) grinding of the starting material to produce a powder from malachite or malachite-like pigments with grain sizes of about 10 to 100 microns;

b) cleaning the ground material from dirt;

c) dispersing the powder in clear lacquer to produce a malachite lacquer;

d) applying, in particular varnishing, one or more layers of malachite varnish to an object;

e) intermediate drying of the malachite lacquer layers;

f) dispersing a black pigment or a black dye solution into a clear printing varnish, which is compatible with the varnish system used in step c), to produce a transparent, translucent printing ink;

g) printing or varnishing the printing ink in at least three printing cycles using a plurality of printing templates or masks which emulate the drawing and pattern of the natural malachite stone in a template-like manner or leave corresponding areas free;

h) applying, in particular painting or spraying, at least one layer of clear lacquer which is compatible with the paint system used in steps c) and f);

i) drying and / or final firing.

The grain size of the natural malachite mineral after grinding in the Process step a) is to be selected depending on the intended use; best Results with regard to the transparency and brilliance of the order will be given Grain sizes of 10 to 80 microns, preferably 20 to 60 microns, achieved.

However, directly after grinding, malachite pigment is difficult to process, because the grist due to the gray-black stone drawing of natural malachite, e.g. Admixtures of gypsum, having. The regrind is therefore first of all in step b) Parts of dirt cleaned, e.g. the plaster is washed out.

Favorable results regarding the color quality of the malchite pigments are achieved by using a grist to remove the dirt alkaline sodium carbonate (soda) solution with about 5 to 10 percent Weight fraction of sodium carbonate is added or the regrind into a such solution is stirred so that a mushy mass is formed. This after an exposure time of a few hours, preferably 1 to 2 Days, washed with water and preferably fed to a cyclone which separates the color-weak particles. The color intensive so obtained Pigment is sieved to the required grain size, rinsed and dewatered and deagglomerated after drying. Through this described above Representation and treatment becomes malachite pigment in a color intensity manufactured in the color effect of natural malachite rock corresponds. The same can be done with materials similar to malachite will.

After the production of the malachite pigment, the pigment becomes grain size between 10 and 100 µm, preferably 20-60 µm in process step c) colorless binder or an oven-drying or reaction-curing agent Paint systems such as polyesters, polyurethane and acrylic paints based on one or two components, including epoxy and silicone cross-linked Varnishes, dispersed. The pigment content corresponds to 10 to 60 percent of the Parts by weight of the binder, but preferably between 15 and 30 Percent pigment in the binder. The addition of the pigment in sprayable painting systems are possible. Preferably come for that crystal clear brilliant acrylic lacquers for use.

The malachite varnish is now preferred in a further process step d) several layers painted onto an object until the desired one Color depth is reached. If necessary, the object was previously primed provided on which the malachite lacquer can adhere. The underground may need to be roughened. The primer is used to the Adapt paint system. The primer itself can be a green one Order to get the desired color depth with a few coats of malachite paint to manufacture.

After one or a plurality of layers of malachite varnish one is Intermediate drying carried out (process step e)). Here are to Determining the temperature and time the technical data sheets of each used paint system. The intermediate drying is used for Strengthening of the lacquer layers, but without the lacquer layers becoming one homogeneous system can be networked. This binding may go with this Not yet done at the time, but only at the end of the procedure, that is if the structural print (step g)) and the top coat (step h)) is applied; then a homogeneous connection of all layers of paint must be by final firing (step i)) and / or drying accordingly the specifications of the paints used are brought about. The It is dried under physical and chemical conditions carried out that did not lead to crosslinking of the paint components chemical level. With stoving lacquer systems, the temperature must be therefore during drying below the reaction temperature of Lacquer reactor are above, however, in the final firing.

When using acrylic lacquers, the applied malachite lacquer layers are air-dried, for example, for about 30 minutes at room temperature; this is preferably followed by a preheating phase of about 10 to 20 minutes at 40 to 80 ° C. Another intermediate drying takes place at 120 ° C for about 10 to 20 minutes or at a lower temperature correspondingly longer. As a result of these drying processes, the lacquer layers combine to form a uniform application, but do not yet set, so that the structural print and the top coat can be applied to the surface. A coating with a color and depth effect corresponding to the natural malachite is achieved by two to five layers of malachite lacquer.
In order to achieve a deep coloring of the coated object with a very good quality of the coating, more than five layers can also be applied, with drying preferably after 2 to 4 layers.

The layers of malachite lacquer can be sprayed on, lacquered on or in some other way the object must be upset. Their thickness is preferably 160 to 180 in each case µm.

The malachite pigment layer produced in this way is made of natural malachite however initially still optically unstructured, i.e. the object is even colored green, and is not yet completely identical in its optical effect the natural malachite stone. You will now be in a further manufacturing step g) the typical by repeated printing or varnishing Grain given the natural malachite rock, being for everyone Printing process uses its own film template, which the reproduces different grain nuances.

According to the invention, only one color is used for these printing processes, the different shades of color are achieved by this Color several times in succession on different, partly overlapping areas of the object is printed or varnished. This ink is with the Compatible paint system used to produce the malachite paint, i.e. so chosen that the print on the surface or the Malachitlackierung adheres and in step i) together with all applied layers in a homogeneous system can be transferred.

If a stoving lacquer was chosen as the base lacquer for the malachite lacquer, e.g. a Acrylic varnish, the printing ink consists of a burnable clear printing varnish, preferably an acrylic-based screen printing varnish. With a basecoat Epoxy resin must also be used with a compatible ink So no stoving paint because epoxy systems harden without final firing and network.

The printing ink contains 2 to 10, preferably 4 percent black mixed color or dispersed black pigment, e.g. Bone black. The ink is preferably transparent to the reproduce different grain nuances by overprinting to be able to. To get closer to the natural coloring of the malachite rock, can the black ink in step f) about 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 4 percent transparent green dye solution added will. An organic dye is recommended. All details are Percentages by weight.

The glazing ink thus produced is printed using structured templates or printing masks at least three, preferably printed four times or varnished, by adjusting the Stencils on the surface structure of natural malachite Malachite rock to be observed in fine light and dark grain an unprecedented fidelity to the original can be reproduced. The Grain, i.e. the different light and dark zones of natural malachite is used to produce the printing masks either photographically or removed directly from the stone with the help of a scanner and in different ways light or dark color zones disassembled, which then serve as a template for reproduction be transmitted. The different forms of the natural However, malachits can also be drawn manually and in a variety of ways Transfer color tints to individual films and print them on top of each other will. The colors are preferably produced as line drawings.

The natural green malachite color shines through this transparent Color print through. It is therefore possible to get the typical fine malachite grain and the diverse manifestations of the natural To reproduce malachite stones with absolute precision.

The malachite structure in process step g) is advantageously reproduced by means of screen printing in several, preferably four, screen printing steps using different screen printing templates. Alternatively, the application of the typical grain can also be simulated by means of offset, foil, gravure, tampon printing using printing templates based on the malachite drawing or by spray painting using appropriate masks.
The reproduction of the malachite structure by printing on the glazing transparent printing ink is alternatively carried out before or after coating with malachite lacquer. Even when printed before coating with malachite pigment, the desired grain is ultimately visible, since the malachite lacquer is at least partially transparent. It is only important that ultimately a homogeneous connection of the individual layers is produced by firing or by reaction hardening.

After applying the structural pressure, one or more, preferably at least ten clear top coats applied, e.g. painted or sprayed on. Again, the top coat must be the same as before used paints are compatible. It follows drying and, depending on Paint system, baking the paints, whereby the specifications of the Paint manufacturer must be observed. Connect the different layers of paint become a homogeneous system, with the black pigments of the Also diffuse the ink into the neighboring layers. By the The inventive method can have the optical effect of the natural Malachits are largely imitated, with the order in principle any objects can be applied. The object is after the Final drying or firing sanded and polished.

The problem with this work process, different varnish and screen printing layers combining with different pigments is advantageous solved by using one-component stoving paint systems will. It must be taken into account that the necessary screen printing layers be printed on top of each other so that these are at the Connect final burn-in (step i)). So far, the screen printing ink has stood not available and was specially made for this process.

The method according to the invention has further advantages with regard to health and environmental issues. While processing of natural malachite stone to accessories are usually highly toxic Waste that pollutes the environment and the health of processors highly stress, so that the processing of the malachite raw material problematic worldwide or only possible under high security requirements. In the present process, the pigment is in a closed system processed and incorporated into the binder, making it easy is processable and recyclable. It doesn't get as with the conventional rock processing as toxic dust particles in the air or into the water. This invention makes malachite natural Unlimited appearance, especially on three-dimensional Products that could not previously be made with natural rock become representable.

Industrial applicability:

The process is ideal, a coating made of real Malachite very thin on everyone for the production of luxury goods in question coming parts, e.g. Picture frames, ceramic parts or conical writing instrument sleeves to make an imitation malachite from real malachite mineral to manufacture. Thus, items that are not currently can be refined with malachite stone, with the corresponding Coating to achieve the optical effect of real malchits be upgraded.

Application example for the coating of conical Pen cases with real malachite: 1. Primer:

The pen sleeves are ground and oven-hardened one-component polyurethane paint as a primer that the This results in a primer and pre-dried at 80 degrees and at 140 degrees is branded.

2. Malachite coating (steps a) to e)):

Real malachite pigment is between 10 and 60%, preferably 25% Percentages by weight of binder dispersed in acrylic paint. The grain sizes are between 25 and 30 µm; the paint is sprayable with a flow viscosity of 15 sec. This paint is placed in a paint cup on which Lid is a motor or air-powered agitator, which the specifically heavier malachite pigment constantly during the painting process hovers in order not to clog the spray nozzle. The Malachite pigment is coated twice on the primer. After that they are burned in at 80 and 120 degrees for fifteen minutes each. The conical writing instrument sleeves are on a cylindrical grinding machine ground to break the remaining pigment tips.

3. Printing (step f) and g)):

The pen sleeves prepared in this way are placed on a guide pin put on. Then they are used several times with a rotary screen printing machine in this case four times, with the previously described transparent color Acrylic paint using the one on top of the other shown in Figure 1a to d coordinated motifs with a pattern of different widths, in Stripes running in the direction of the sleeve are printed using the screen printing process.

4.Burning in (step i)):

Then the print is pre-dried and burned and then varnished with clear varnish in ten layers of varnish. The special of this process is that in the final baking of the total eighteen different screen printing and varnish layers of the transparent Dye diffuses with the black into the upper layers of paint, whereby a three-dimensionality (depth) of the malachite coating is achieved that is impossible with normal printing processes and thus a new one State of the art of reproduction for natural malachite.

The final baking and connection of the entire lacquer and screen printing layers takes place within 2 hours at 80 degrees or 45 minutes at 140 degrees. Then this paint is ground and polished. Of the entire work process for example writing instrument sleeves is as one to consider the cascaded unit.

Brief description of the drawing: Figure 1 a to d shows one Printing stencil, consisting of a black stripe pattern with stripes, the width similar within a template, from template to template vary in width. The stencils are successively printed on.

Claims (20)

Process for producing an order from natural malachite stone or materials similar to malachite and for coating objects while achieving the optical effect of a natural malachite stone or material similar to malachite, characterized by the following process steps: a) grinding of the starting material to produce a powder from malachite or malachite-like pigments with grain sizes of about 10 to 100 microns; b) cleaning the ground material from dirt; c) dispersing the powder in clear lacquer to produce a malachite lacquer; d) applying, in particular varnishing, one or more layers of malachite varnish to an object; e) intermediate drying of the malachite lacquer layers; f) dispersing a black color pigment or a black dye solution into a clear printing varnish which is compatible with the varnish system used in step c) to produce a transparent, translucent printing ink; g) printing or varnishing the printing ink in at least three printing passes using a plurality of printing templates or masks which emulate the drawing and pattern of the natural malachite stone in a template-like manner or leave corresponding areas free; h) applying, in particular painting or spraying, at least one layer of clear lacquer which is compatible with the paint system used in steps c) and f); i) drying and / or final firing. A method according to claim 1, characterized in
that the regrind in step b) for the production of color-intensive malachite or malachite-like pigments of an aqueous solution with about 5 to 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate (soda) added after a few hours, preferably after 1 to 2 days, washed out with water and dried and then step c) follows. A method according to claim 2, characterized in
that the particles are separated according to their color properties and sieved according to their grain size before the dispersion is dried by means of a cyclonation stage. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
that the clear lacquer for producing the malachite lacquer in process step c) is a one- or two-component hardening polyacrylic or polyurethane lacquer, a melanin resin or epoxy resin. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
that the object to be provided with the application is provided with a primer prior to process step c) which is adapted to the clear lacquer used for producing the malachite lacquer, preferably silicone, polyester, polyurethane, acrylic lacquer, water-soluble binder and adhesive bases. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the intermediate drying and, if necessary, final firing is carried out according to the technical data sheets of the respective basecoats. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the basecoat in step c), the printing varnish in step f) and the topcoat in step h) are each an acrylic varnish. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that process steps d) and e) are carried out several times in succession, in each case at least one, preferably four layers of lacquer applied, air-dried for about 30 minutes, preheated at about 40 to 80 ° C., preferably 60 ° C., about 10 to 20 minutes and then at about 120 ° C for about 10 to 20 minutes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that layers of approximately 160 to 180 μm are applied in process step d). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that malachite pigments with grain sizes of about 10 to 80 μm, preferably with grain sizes of about 20 to 60 μm, are used to produce the malachite lacquer in process step c). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the printing ink in step f) has 2 to 10 percent by weight of pigment or dye. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that about 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 4 percent by weight of green dye solution is added to the transparent glazing printing ink in step f). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the baked-in clear printing varnish used in process step f) is an acrylic-based screen printing varnish. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the malachite structure is reproduced in process step h) by means of screen printing in several, preferably four, screen printing steps using different screen printing templates. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that
that the malachite structure in process step h) is reproduced by means of offset, foil, gravure printing or pad printing using printing templates based on the malachite drawing or by spray painting using appropriate masks. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the replication of the malachite structure is alternatively carried out by printing on the glazing transparent printing ink before or after coating with malachite lacquer. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that a plurality of clear lacquer layers, preferably at least 10, are applied in process step h). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the printing or spray templates tracing the malachite stone are produced manually, with a scanner or photographically, reproducing the various structural elements true to the original or in enlarged or reduced form and by overlaying the different color levels of natural malachite stone. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the order is ground and polished after the final firing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the malachite pigment content in the paint corresponds to 10 to 60 percent, preferably between 15 and 30 percent, of the weight parts of the paint.

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